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Shahmoradi B, Farahani F, Kohzadi S, Maleki A, Pordel M, Zandsalimi Y, Gong Y, Yang J, McKay G, Lee SM, Yang JK. Application of cadmium-doped ZnO for the solar photocatalytic degradation of phenol. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2019; 79:375-385. [PMID: 30865609 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2019.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, photocatalysis of phenol was studied using Cd-ZnO nanorods, which were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The Cd-ZnO photocatalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. XRD patterns exhibit diffraction peaks indexed to the hexagonal wurtzite structures with the P63mc space group. SEM images showed that the average size of the Cd-ZnO nanorods was about 90 nm. Moreover, the nanorods were not agglomerated and were well-dispersed in the aqueous medium. FT-IR analysis confirmed that a surface modifier (n-butylamine) did not add any functional groups onto the Cd-ZnO nanorods. The dopant used in this study showed reduction of the bandgap energy between valence and conduction of the photocatalyst. In addition, effect of various operational parameters including type of photocatalyst, pH, initial concentration of phenol, amount of photocatalyst, and irradiation time on the photocatalytic degradation of phenol has been investigated. The highest phenol removal was achieved using 1% Cd-ZnO for 20 mg/l phenol at pH 7, 3 g/l photocatalyst, 120 min contact time, and 0.01 mole H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Shahmoradi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran E-mail:
| | - Farzaneh Farahani
- Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Alborz Branch, Alborz, Iran
| | - Shadi Kohzadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran E-mail:
| | - Afshin Maleki
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran E-mail:
| | - Mohammadamin Pordel
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran E-mail:
| | - Yahya Zandsalimi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran E-mail:
| | - Yuxuan Gong
- Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering, Alfred University, Alfred, NY, 14802, USA
| | - Jixiang Yang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Gordon McKay
- Division of Sustainability, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Seung-Mok Lee
- Department of Energy and Environment Convergence Technology, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 25601, Korea
| | - Jae-Kyu Yang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Korea
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