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Minj J, Riordan J, Teets C, Fernholz-Hartman H, Tanggono A, Lee Y, Chauvin T, Carbonero F, Solverson P. Diet-Induced Rodent Obesity Is Prevented and the Fecal Microbiome Is Improved with Elderberry ( Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis) Juice Powder. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12555-12565. [PMID: 38776153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanin-rich edible berries protect against diet-induced obesity in animal models. Prevention is mediated through the bidirectional relationship with the fecal microbiome, and gut-derived phenolic metabolite absorption increases with physical activity, which may influence bioactivity. The objective of this study was to test elderberry juice powder on the development of diet-induced obesity and its influence on the fecal microbiome alone or in combination with physical activity. Male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to one of four treatments, including (1) high-fat diet without wheel access; (2) high-fat diet with unlimited wheel access; (3) high-fat diet supplemented with 10% elderberry juice powder without wheel access; and (4) high-fat diet supplemented with 10% elderberry juice powder with unlimited wheel access. Body weight gain, fat pads, and whole-body fat content in mice fed elderberry juice were significantly less than in mice fed the control diet independent of wheel access. At the end of the study, active mice fed elderberry juice ate significantly more than active mice fed a control diet. There was no difference in the physical activity between active groups. Elderberry juice increasedBifidobacterium, promotedAkkermansia and Anaeroplasma, and prevented the growth of Desulfovibrio. Elderberry juice is a potent inhibitor of diet-induced obesity with action mediated by the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagrani Minj
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Joseph Riordan
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Christy Teets
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Hadyn Fernholz-Hartman
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Alfian Tanggono
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Yool Lee
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Theodore Chauvin
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Franck Carbonero
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Patrick Solverson
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
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Fatchiyah F, Safitri A, Palis CN, Sari DRT, Suyanto E, Fajriani S, Kurnianingsih N, Nugraha Y, Sitaresmi T, Kusbiantoro B, Ketudat-Cairns JR. Bioactive compound profile and their biological activities of endogenous black rice from Java and East Nusa Tenggara. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2023.2173306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatchiyah Fatchiyah
- Research Center of Smart Molecule of Natural Genetics Resource, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Anna Safitri
- Research Center of Smart Molecule of Natural Genetics Resource, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Christine Natalia Palis
- Research Center of Smart Molecule of Natural Genetics Resource, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Ratih Tirto Sari
- Research Center of Smart Molecule of Natural Genetics Resource, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Science, Ibrahimy University, Situbondo, Indonesia
| | - Eko Suyanto
- Research Center of Smart Molecule of Natural Genetics Resource, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
- Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Sisca Fajriani
- Research Center of Smart Molecule of Natural Genetics Resource, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
- Agricultural Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nia Kurnianingsih
- Research Center of Smart Molecule of Natural Genetics Resource, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Yudhistira Nugraha
- Research Center for Food Crops, Research Organization Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Trias Sitaresmi
- Research Center for Food Crops, Research Organization Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Bram Kusbiantoro
- Research Center for Agroindustry, Research Organization Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - James Robert Ketudat-Cairns
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
- Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
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Gonçalves AC, Falcão A, Alves G, Lopes JA, Silva LR. Employ of Anthocyanins in Nanocarriers for Nano Delivery: In Vitro and In Vivo Experimental Approaches for Chronic Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2272. [PMID: 36365091 PMCID: PMC9695229 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are among the best-known phenolic compounds and possess remarkable biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antidiabetic effects. Despite their therapeutic benefits, they are not widely used as health-promoting agents due to their instability, low absorption, and, thus, low bioavailability and rapid metabolism in the human body. Recent research suggests that the application of nanotechnology could increase their solubility and/or bioavailability, and thus their biological potential. Therefore, in this review, we have provided, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of in vitro and in vivo studies on nanocarriers used as delivery systems of anthocyanins, and their aglycones, i.e., anthocyanidins alone or combined with conventional drugs in the treatment or management of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - João A. Lopes
- iMed.ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, University of Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG, Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Research Unit for Inland Development (UDI), Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
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Anusha Siddiqui S, Redha AA, Esmaeili Y, Mehdizadeh M. Novel insights on extraction and encapsulation techniques of elderberry bioactive compounds. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:5937-5952. [PMID: 35021911 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2026290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) has been used in traditional medicine and as a supplement in many beverages and meals. Elderberry is a good source of bioactive flavonoids like quercetin, kaempferol, and rutin, as well as other phenolic compounds. Extraction techniques significantly influence the efficiency of extraction of bioactive compounds. Green chemistry elements such as safety, environmental friendliness, run-down or at least minimal contaminants, efficiency, and economic criteria should all be addressed by an effective bioactive extraction process. Furthermore, micro/nanoencapsulation technologies are particularly effective for increasing bioavailability and bioactive component stability. SCOPE AND APPROACH This review article comprehensively describes new developments in elderberry extraction and encapsulation. Elderberry is largely employed in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to its health-promoting and sensory characteristics. Elderberry has traditionally been used as a diaphoretic, antipyretic, diuretic, antidepressant, and antitumor agent in folk medicine. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS Conventional extraction methods (e.g. maceration and Soxhelt extraction) as well as advanced green techniques (e.g. supercritical fluids, pulsed electric field, emulsion liquid extraction, microwave, and ultrasonic extraction) have been used to extract bioactives from elderberry. Over the other protective measures, encapsulation techniques are particularly recommended to protect the bioactive components found in elderberry. Microencapsulation (spray drying, freeze drying, extrusion, emulsion systems) and nanoencapsulation (nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles and nanodispersions, nanohydrogels, electrospinning, nano spray drying) approaches for elderberry bioactives have been examined in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Technical University of Munich Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Straubing, Germany
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), D-Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Ali Ali Redha
- Chemistry Department, School of Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Yasaman Esmaeili
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdizadeh
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
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Domínguez R, Pateiro M, Munekata PES, Santos López EM, Rodríguez JA, Barros L, Lorenzo JM. Potential Use of Elderberry ( Sambucus nigra L.) as Natural Colorant and Antioxidant in the Food Industry. A Review. Foods 2021; 10:2713. [PMID: 34828994 PMCID: PMC8621476 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The food industry, in response to current consumer demand for natural and functional foods, is constantly evolving and reformulating traditional products formulations. Thus, during the last decades, multiple natural sources have been investigated to replace the need to add synthetic additives. In addition, the use of natural sources can also increase the nutritional quality of the food. With this in mind, elderberry is used in the food industry for certain purposes. However, its potential is much higher than the number of applications it currently has. Its high content of anthocyanins, as well as other polyphenols and vitamins, means that it can be used by the food industry both as a colorant and as an antioxidant. In addition, the incorporation of these bioactive compounds results in functional foods, with a high antioxidant capacity. Moreover, the inclusion of elderberry products in foods formulation increases their shelf-life, but the correct amount and strategy for adding elderberry to food should be studied to ensure a positive effect on nutritional and technological properties without affecting (or improving) the sensory quality of foods. Therefore, this manuscript aims to review the main bioactive compounds present in elderberries, as well as their potential uses in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Domínguez
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Spain; (M.P.); (P.E.S.M.); (J.M.L.)
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Spain; (M.P.); (P.E.S.M.); (J.M.L.)
| | - Paulo E. S. Munekata
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Spain; (M.P.); (P.E.S.M.); (J.M.L.)
| | - Eva María Santos López
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ctra. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5 s/n, Col. Carboneras, Mineral de la Reforma 42183, Hidalgo, Mexico; (E.M.S.L.); (J.A.R.)
| | - José Antonio Rodríguez
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ctra. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5 s/n, Col. Carboneras, Mineral de la Reforma 42183, Hidalgo, Mexico; (E.M.S.L.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Spain; (M.P.); (P.E.S.M.); (J.M.L.)
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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Vázquez-Sánchez AY, Corfield R, Sosa N, Salvatori D, Schebor C. Physicochemical, functional, and sensory characterization of apple leathers enriched with acáchul (Ardisia compressa Kunth) powder. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Appenteng MK, Krueger R, Johnson MC, Ingold H, Bell R, Thomas AL, Greenlief CM. Cyanogenic Glycoside Analysis in American Elderberry. Molecules 2021; 26:1384. [PMID: 33806603 PMCID: PMC7961730 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanogenic glycosides (CNGs) are naturally occurring plant molecules (nitrogenous plant secondary metabolites) which consist of an aglycone and a sugar moiety. Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is released from these compounds following enzymatic hydrolysis causing potential toxicity issues. The presence of CNGs in American elderberry (AE) fruit, Sambucus nigra (subsp. canadensis), is uncertain. A sensitive, reproducible and robust LC-MS/MS method was developed and optimized for accurate identification and quantification of the intact glycoside. A complimentary picrate paper test method was modified to determine the total cyanogenic potential (TCP). TCP analysis was performed using a camera-phone and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. A method validation was conducted and the developed methods were successfully applied to the assessment of TCP and quantification of intact CNGs in different tissues of AE samples. Results showed no quantifiable trace of CNGs in commercial AE juice. Levels of CNGs found in various fruit tissues of AE cultivars studied ranged from between 0.12 and 6.38 µg/g. In pressed juice samples, the concentration range measured was 0.29-2.36 µg/mL and in seeds the levels were 0.12-2.38 µg/g. TCP was highest in the stems and green berries. Concentration levels in all tissues were generally low and at a level that poses no threat to consumers of fresh and processed AE products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K. Appenteng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (M.K.A.); (R.K.); (M.C.J.); (H.I.)
| | - Ritter Krueger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (M.K.A.); (R.K.); (M.C.J.); (H.I.)
| | - Mitch C. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (M.K.A.); (R.K.); (M.C.J.); (H.I.)
| | - Harrison Ingold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (M.K.A.); (R.K.); (M.C.J.); (H.I.)
| | - Richard Bell
- Department of Chemistry, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA;
| | - Andrew L. Thomas
- Division of Plant Sciences, Southwest Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - C. Michael Greenlief
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (M.K.A.); (R.K.); (M.C.J.); (H.I.)
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Domínguez R, Zhang L, Rocchetti G, Lucini L, Pateiro M, Munekata PES, Lorenzo JM. Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) as potential source of antioxidants. Characterization, optimization of extraction parameters and bioactive properties. Food Chem 2020; 330:127266. [PMID: 32540528 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to characterize the nutritional value and potential use of elderberries as a source of antioxidant compounds. The chemical composition, fatty acids and phenolic compounds were determined for elderberries. The optimization of extraction parameters was designed with a Box-Behnken design coupled with response surface methodology (RSM) and desirability function analysis. The process parameters tested included extraction temperature, % of ethanol and pH, while response variables were global extraction yield, total phenolic and anthocyanins content (TAC), carotenoids and antioxidant activity. Analyses revealed that elderberry was a rich source of total soluble solids, proteins and polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3: 38.12 g/100 g and omega-6: 39.54 g/100 g fatty acids). Regarding phenolic compounds, elderberries were found abundant in flavonoids (rutin and quercetin), and phenolic acids (i.e. gallic acid and gentisic acid). Finally, numerical optimization indicated that the best extraction parameters were the following: temperature 60 °C, 50% of ethanol and pH 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Domínguez
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avda. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avda. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Paulo E S Munekata
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avda. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain.
| | - José M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avda. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
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Johnson MC, Dela Libera Tres M, Thomas AL, Rottinghaus GE, Greenlief CM. Discriminant Analyses of the Polyphenol Content of American Elderberry Juice from Multiple Environments Provide Genotype Fingerprint. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4044-4050. [PMID: 28475841 PMCID: PMC5515078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The cultivation of American elderberry (Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis) continues to increase as the use of this botanical has expanded. Elderberries contain a variety of polyphenols, including anthocyanins, which have purported health benefits. However, information is lacking regarding the impact of environmental, management, and genotypic factors on the quantity and type of polyphenols and anthocyanins produced. Quantification of 16 polyphenols including eight anthocyanins present in juice from three genotypes of American elderberry grown at two Missouri sites from 2013 to 2014 was performed. Large variances in anthocyanin and other polyphenol content were observed between the different harvest seasons, locations, and genotypes. Although specific phytochemical trends due to those factors were not apparent, a discriminant analysis was able to correctly identify 45 of 48 juice samples by genotype, based on their polyphenol profiles. This type of characterization could be beneficial in elderberry authentication studies and to help develop and document high-quality dietary supplement products with specific phytochemical contents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matheus Dela Libera Tres
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, University of Sao Paulo , Pirassununga, SP 05508, Brazil
| | - Andrew L Thomas
- Division of Plant Sciences, Southwest Research Center, University of Missouri , Mt. Vernon, Missouri 65712, United States
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Klimaviciute R, Navikaite V, Jakstas V, Ivanauskas L. Complexes of dextran sulfate and anthocyanins from Vaccinium myrtillus: Formation and stability. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 129:70-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Johnson MC, Thomas AL, Greenlief CM. Impact of Frozen Storage on the Anthocyanin and Polyphenol Contents of American Elderberry Fruit Juice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:5653-5659. [PMID: 26028422 PMCID: PMC4472577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of frozen storage on the anthocyanin and polyphenol content of elderberry fruit juice are investigated. Juice from three genotypes of American elderberry (Adams II, Bob Gordon, and Wyldewood) was screened for total phenolic (TP) and total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA) contents with spectrophotometric methods. The individual anthocyanin content (IAC) of the juice was tested by coupling solid phase extraction with ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Juice samples were tested initially upon harvest and then again after 3, 6, and 9 months of frozen storage. Juice from the three different genotypes had significantly different TP, TMA, and IAC profiles initially (p < 0.05). The TP, TMA, and IAC contents of the juice from different genotypes were significantly affected (p < 0.05) by the frozen storage time, suggesting that both genotype and length of frozen storage time can affect the anthocyanin content of elderberry fruit juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitch C. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia Missouri 65211
| | - Andrew L. Thomas
- Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia Missouri 65211
- Southwest Research Center, University of Missouri, Mt. Vernon, Missouri 65712
| | - C. Michael Greenlief
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia Missouri 65211
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