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Sousa DER, Wilson TM, Macêdo IL, Romano APM, Ramos DG, Passos PHO, Costa GRT, Fonseca VS, Mares-Guia MAMM, Giovanetti M, Alcantara LCJ, de Filippis AMB, Paludo GR, Melo CB, Castro MB. Case report: Urbanized non-human primates as sentinels for human zoonotic diseases: a case of acute fatal toxoplasmosis in a free-ranging marmoset in coinfection with yellow fever virus. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1236384. [PMID: 37670831 PMCID: PMC10475956 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1236384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Free-ranging non-human primates (NHP) can live in anthropized areas or urban environments in close contact with human populations. This condition can enable the emergence and transmission of high-impact zoonotic pathogens. For the first time, we detected a coinfection of the yellow fever (YF) virus with Toxoplasma gondii in a free-ranging NHP in a highly urbanized area of a metropolis in Brazil. Specifically, we observed this coinfection in a black-tufted marmoset found dead and taken for a necropsy by the local health surveillance service. After conducting an epidemiological investigation, characterizing the pathological features, and performing molecular assays, we confirmed that the marmoset developed an acute fatal infection caused by T. gondii in coinfection with a new YF virus South American-1 sub-lineage. As a result, we have raised concerns about the public health implications of these findings and discussed the importance of diagnosis and surveillance of zoonotic agents in urbanized NHPs. As competent hosts of zoonotic diseases such as YF and environmental sentinels for toxoplasmosis, NHPs play a crucial role in the One Health framework to predict and prevent the emergence of dangerous human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi E. R. Sousa
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Tais M. Wilson
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Isabel L. Macêdo
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Alessandro P. M. Romano
- Technical Group of Arbovirus Surveillance, General Coordination of Communicable Diseases, Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance, Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Daniel G. Ramos
- Technical Group of Arbovirus Surveillance, General Coordination of Communicable Diseases, Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance, Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Pedro H. O. Passos
- Technical Group of Arbovirus Surveillance, General Coordination of Communicable Diseases, Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance, Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Gabriela R. T. Costa
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
- Environmental Health Surveillance Directorate of the Federal District, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Vagner S. Fonseca
- Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde/Organização Mundial da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Marta Giovanetti
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, University of Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório de Arbovírus e Vírus Hemorrágicos (LARBOH), Instituto Osawldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria B. de Filippis
- Laboratório de Arbovírus e Vírus Hemorrágicos (LARBOH), Instituto Osawldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giane R. Paludo
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Cristiano B. Melo
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Márcio B. Castro
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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