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Horemheb-Rubio G, Eggeling R, Schmeiβer N, Pfeifer N, Lengauer T, Gärtner BC, Prifert C, Kochanek M, Scheid C, Adams O, Kaiser R. Respiratory viruses dynamics and interactions: ten years of surveillance in central Europe. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1167. [PMID: 35690802 PMCID: PMC9187845 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13555-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lower respiratory tract infections are among the main causes of death. Although there are many respiratory viruses, diagnostic efforts are focused mainly on influenza. The Respiratory Viruses Network (RespVir) collects infection data, primarily from German university hospitals, for a high diversity of infections by respiratory pathogens. In this study, we computationally analysed a subset of the RespVir database, covering 217,150 samples tested for 17 different viral pathogens in the time span from 2010 to 2019. Methods We calculated the prevalence of 17 respiratory viruses, analysed their seasonality patterns using information-theoretic measures and agglomerative clustering, and analysed their propensity for dual infection using a new metric dubbed average coinfection exclusion score (ACES). Results After initial data pre-processing, we retained 206,814 samples, corresponding to 1,408,657 performed tests. We found that Influenza viruses were reported for almost the half of all infections and that they exhibited the highest degree of seasonality. Coinfections of viruses are frequent; the most prevalent coinfection was rhinovirus/bocavirus and most of the virus pairs had a positive ACES indicating a tendency to exclude each other regarding infection. Conclusions The analysis of respiratory viruses dynamics in monoinfection and coinfection contributes to the prevention, diagnostic, treatment, and development of new therapeutics. Data obtained from multiplex testing is fundamental for this analysis and should be prioritized over single pathogen testing. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13555-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gibran Horemheb-Rubio
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.,DZIF, Center for Infection Research, partner site Cologne Bonn, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ralf Eggeling
- Methods in Medical Informatics, Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Nico Pfeifer
- Methods in Medical Informatics, Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Computational Biology, Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Thomas Lengauer
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Computational Biology, Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Barbara C Gärtner
- Institute of Medicine Microbiology and Hygiene, University of the Saarland Kirrberger Homburg/Saar, Homburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Prifert
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kochanek
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Scheid
- University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ortwin Adams
- University of Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Institute for Virology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rolf Kaiser
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Köln, Germany. .,DZIF, Center for Infection Research, partner site Cologne Bonn, Cologne, Germany.
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Pishgar E, Fanni Z, Tavakkolinia J, Mohammadi A, Kiani B, Bergquist R. Mortality rates due to respiratory tract diseases in Tehran, Iran during 2008-2018: a spatiotemporal, cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1414. [PMID: 32943045 PMCID: PMC7495408 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09495-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tehran, the 22nd most populous city in the world, has the highest mortality rate due to respiratory system diseases (RSDs) in Iran. This study aimed to investigate spatiotemporal patterns of mortality due to these diseases in Tehran between 2008 and 2018. METHODS We used a dataset available from Tehran Municipality including all cases deceased due RSDs in this city between 2008 and 2018. Global Moran's I was performed to test whether the age-adjusted mortality rates were randomly distributed or had a spatial pattern. Furthermore, Anselin Local Moran's I was conducted to identify potential clusters and outliers. RESULTS During the 10-year study, 519,312 people died in Tehran, 43,177 because of RSDs, which corresponds to 831.1 per 10,000 deaths and 5.0 per 10,000 population. The death rate was much higher in men (56.8%) than in women (43.2%) and the highest occurred in the > 65 age group (71.2%). Overall, three diseases dominated the mortality data: respiratory failure (44.2%), pneumonia (15.9%) and lung cancer (10.2%). The rates were significantly higher in the central and southeastern parts of the city and lower in the western areas. It increased during the period 2008-2018 and showed a clustered spatial pattern between 2008 and 2013 but presented a random geographical pattern afterwards. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a first report of the spatial distribution of mortality due to RSDs in Tehran and shows a significant increase in respiratory disease mortality in the last ten years. Effective control of the excess fatality rates would warrant a combination of urban prevention and treatment strategies including environmental health plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Pishgar
- Department of Human Geography and Logistics, Faculty of Earth Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohre Fanni
- Department of Human Geography and Logistics, Faculty of Earth Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jamileh Tavakkolinia
- Department of Human Geography and Logistics, Faculty of Earth Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohammadi
- Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Behzad Kiani
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Robert Bergquist
- Ingerod, Brastad, Sweden (formerly with the UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization), Geneva, Switzerland
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