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Saleem MH, Ali S, Hussain S, Kamran M, Chattha MS, Ahmad S, Aqeel M, Rizwan M, Aljarba NH, Alkahtani S, Abdel-Daim MM. Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.): A Potential Candidate for Phytoremediation? Biological and Economical Points of View. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040496. [PMID: 32294947 PMCID: PMC7238412 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is an important oil seed crop that is mostly cultivated in temperate climates. In addition to many commercial applications, flax is also used as a fibrous species or for livestock feed (animal fodder). For the last 40 years, flax has been used as a phytoremediation tool for the remediation of different heavy metals, particularly for phytoextraction when cultivated on metal contaminated soils. Among different fibrous crops (hemp, jute, ramie, and kenaf), flax represents the most economically important species and the majority of studies on metal contaminated soil for the phytoextraction of heavy metals have been conducted using flax. Therefore, a comprehensive review is needed for a better understanding of the phytoremediation potential of flax when grown in metal contaminated soil. This review describes the existing studies related to the phytoremediation potential of flax in different mediums such as soil and water. After phytoremediation, flax has the potential to be used for additional purposes such as linseed oil, fiber, and important livestock feed. This review also describes the phytoremediation potential of flax when grown in metal contaminated soil. Furthermore, techniques and methods to increase plant growth and biomass are also discussed in this work. However, future research is needed for a better understanding of the physiology, biochemistry, anatomy, and molecular biology of flax for increasing its pollutant removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.H.S.); (M.S.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +92-419-201-566
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Punjab, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Muhammad Sohaib Chattha
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.H.S.); (M.S.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Shoaib Ahmad
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.H.S.); (M.S.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Muhammad Aqeel
- State Key laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 73000, China;
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Nada H. Aljarba
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (M.M.A.-D.)
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (M.M.A.-D.)
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Copper Uptake and Accumulation, Ultra-Structural Alteration, and Bast Fibre Yield and Quality of Fibrous Jute ( Corchorus capsularis L.) Plants Grown Under Two Different Soils of China. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9030404. [PMID: 32213938 PMCID: PMC7154872 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential heavy metal for plants, but high Cu concentration in the soil causes phytotoxicity. Some plants, however, possess a system that can overcome Cu toxicity, such as Cu localization, and an active antioxidant defence system to reduce oxidative damage induced by high Cu concentration. The present study was conducted to explore the phytoremediation potential, morpho-physiological traits, antioxidant capacity, and fibre quality of jute (Corchorus capsularis) grown in a mixture of Cu-contaminated soil and natural soil at ratios of 0:1 (control), 1:0, 1:1, 1:2 and 1:4. Our results showed that high Cu concentration in the soil decreased plant growth, plant biomass, chlorophyll content, gaseous exchange, and fibre yield while increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), which indicated oxidative stress induced by high Cu concentration in the soil. Antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) scavenge ROS in plant cells/tissues. Furthermore, high Cu concentration did not significantly worsen the fibre quality of C. capsularis, and this plant was able to accumulate a large amount of Cu, with higher Cu accumulation in its shoots than in its roots. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that Cu toxicity affected different organelles of C. capsularis, with the chloroplast as the most affected organelle. On the basis of these results, we concluded that high Cu concentration was toxic to C. capsularis, reducing crop yield and plant productivity, but showing little effect on plant fibre yield. Hence, C. capsularis, as a fibrous crop, can accumulate a high concentration of Cu when grown in Cu-contaminated sites.
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Saleem MH, Ali S, Rehman M, Hasanuzzaman M, Rizwan M, Irshad S, Shafiq F, Iqbal M, Alharbi BM, Alnusaire TS, Qari SH. Jute: A Potential Candidate for Phytoremediation of Metals-A Review. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9020258. [PMID: 32079368 PMCID: PMC7076354 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Jute (Corchorus capsularis) is a widely cultivated fibrous species with important physiological characteristics including biomass, a deep rooting system, and tolerance to metal stress. Furthermore, Corchorus species are indigenous leafy vegetables and show phytoremediation potential for different heavy metals. This species has been used for the phytoremediation of different toxic pollutants such as copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb). The current literature highlights the physiological and morphological characteristics of jute that are useful to achieve successful phytoremediation of different pollutants. The accumulation of these toxic heavy metals in agricultural regions initiates concerns regarding food safety and reductions in plant productivity and crop yield. We discuss some innovative approaches to increase jute phytoremediation using different chelating agents. There is a need to remediate soils contaminated with toxic substances, and phytoremediation is a cheap, effective, and in situ alternative, and jute can be used for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Allama Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan;
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University (CMU), Taichung City 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: or
| | - Muzammal Rehman
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China;
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Allama Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan;
| | - Sana Irshad
- School of Environmental Studies, China university of Geosciences, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Fahad Shafiq
- Department of Botany, Government College University Allama Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan; (F.S.); (M.I.)
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Government College University Allama Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan; (F.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Basmah M. Alharbi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk-71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Taghreed S. Alnusaire
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, 2014, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sameer H. Qari
- Biology Department, Aljumum, University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia;
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Saleem MH, Fahad S, Rehman M, Saud S, Jamal Y, Khan S, Liu L. Morpho-physiological traits, biochemical response and phytoextraction potential of short-term copper stress on kenaf ( Hibiscus cannabinus L.) seedlings. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8321. [PMID: 32030320 PMCID: PMC6995661 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is a fibrous crop, grown in tropical climate having huge biomass and can be a good candidate for the phytoremediation of different heavy metals. Consequently, the present study was conducted to explore morpho-physiological traits, photosynthetic pigments, gaseous exchange attributes, antioxidative response and phytoextraction of copper (Cu) in H. cannabinus grown under different levels of Cu i.e. 0 (control), 60, 120 and 180 µmol L-1 in Hoagland nutrient solution (pH 6.2). The results from the present study revealed that Cu toxicity reduced plant height, plant diameter, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, photosynthetic pigments and gaseous exchange attributes compared to control. Moreover, excess Cu in the nutrient solution ameliorates contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and electrolyte leakage (EL) which showed that Cu induced oxidative damage in the roots and leaves of H. cannabinus. The oxidative stress which was induced by a high concentration of Cu in the nutrient solution is overcome by enzymatic activities of antioxidants which increased with the increase in Cu concentration, i.e. 60 and 120 µmol L-1, while the addition of Cu (180 µmol L-1) caused a reduction in the activities of superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in the roots and leaves of H. cannabinus. The results also demonstrated that an increase in Cu concentration in the nutrient solution causes an increase in Cu accumulation through roots, leaves and stems of H. cannabinus, although the highest Cu concentration was accumulated in roots while only a little transported to the above ground parts (leaves and stems) of the plants. All the values of bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and translocation factor (TF) were less than 1, which also indicated that a small quantity of Cu concentration is transported to the aboveground part of the plants. These findings suggested that phytotoxicity of Cu affected plant growth and biomass and increased ROS production while accumulation of Cu in different parts of plant proved that H. cannabinus is an ideal specie for phytoremediation of Cu when grown under Cu contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - Shah Saud
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yousaf Jamal
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Khan
- Crops Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Lijun Liu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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