1
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Abbadessa A, Ronca A, Salerno A. Integrating bioprinting, cell therapies and drug delivery towards in vivo regeneration of cartilage, bone and osteochondral tissue. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:858-894. [PMID: 37882983 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The biological and biomechanical functions of cartilage, bone and osteochondral tissue are naturally orchestrated by a complex crosstalk between zonally dependent cells and extracellular matrix components. In fact, this crosstalk involves biomechanical signals and the release of biochemical cues that direct cell fate and regulate tissue morphogenesis and remodelling in vivo. Three-dimensional bioprinting introduced a paradigm shift in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, since it allows to mimic native tissue anisotropy introducing compositional and architectural gradients. Moreover, the growing synergy between bioprinting and drug delivery may enable to replicate cell/extracellular matrix reciprocity and dynamics by the careful control of the spatial and temporal patterning of bioactive cues. Although significant advances have been made in this direction, unmet challenges and open research questions persist. These include, among others, the optimization of scaffold zonality and architectural features; the preservation of the bioactivity of loaded active molecules, as well as their spatio-temporal release; the in vitro scaffold maturation prior to implantation; the pros and cons of each animal model and the graft-defect mismatch; and the in vivo non-invasive monitoring of new tissue formation. This work critically reviews these aspects and reveals the state of the art of using three-dimensional bioprinting, and its synergy with drug delivery technologies, to pattern the distribution of cells and/or active molecules in cartilage, bone and osteochondral engineered tissues. Most notably, this work focuses on approaches, technologies and biomaterials that are currently under in vivo investigations, as these give important insights on scaffold performance at the implantation site and its interaction/integration with surrounding tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Abbadessa
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), IDIS Research Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Alfredo Ronca
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, 80125, Naples, Italy.
| | - Aurelio Salerno
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125, Naples, Italy.
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2
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Ma Y, Deng B, He R, Huang P. Advancements of 3D bioprinting in regenerative medicine: Exploring cell sources for organ fabrication. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24593. [PMID: 38318070 PMCID: PMC10838744 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
3D bioprinting has unlocked new possibilities for generating complex and functional tissues and organs. However, one of the greatest challenges lies in selecting the appropriate seed cells for constructing fully functional 3D artificial organs. Currently, there are no cell sources available that can fulfill all requirements of 3D bioprinting technologies, and each cell source possesses unique characteristics suitable for specific applications. In this review, we explore the impact of different 3D bioprinting technologies and bioink materials on seed cells, providing a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of cell sources that have been used or hold potential in 3D bioprinting. We also summarized key points to guide the selection of seed cells for 3D bioprinting. Moreover, we offer insights into the prospects of seed cell sources in 3D bioprinted organs, highlighting their potential to revolutionize the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Runbang He
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Engineering Research Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Technology and Device (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Pengyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Engineering Research Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Technology and Device (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
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3
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Liu G, Wei X, Zhai Y, Zhang J, Li J, Zhao Z, Guan T, Zhao D. 3D printed osteochondral scaffolds: design strategies, present applications and future perspectives. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1339916. [PMID: 38425994 PMCID: PMC10902174 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1339916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Articular osteochondral (OC) defects are a global clinical problem characterized by loss of full-thickness articular cartilage with underlying calcified cartilage through to the subchondral bone. While current surgical treatments can relieve pain, none of them can completely repair all components of the OC unit and restore its original function. With the rapid development of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, admirable progress has been made in bone and cartilage reconstruction, providing new strategies for restoring joint function. 3D printing has the advantages of fast speed, high precision, and personalized customization to meet the requirements of irregular geometry, differentiated composition, and multi-layered boundary layer structures of joint OC scaffolds. This review captures the original published researches on the application of 3D printing technology to the repair of entire OC units and provides a comprehensive summary of the recent advances in 3D printed OC scaffolds. We first introduce the gradient structure and biological properties of articular OC tissue. The considerations for the development of 3D printed OC scaffolds are emphatically summarized, including material types, fabrication techniques, structural design and seed cells. Especially from the perspective of material composition and structural design, the classification, characteristics and latest research progress of discrete gradient scaffolds (biphasic, triphasic and multiphasic scaffolds) and continuous gradient scaffolds (gradient material and/or structure, and gradient interface) are summarized. Finally, we also describe the important progress and application prospect of 3D printing technology in OC interface regeneration. 3D printing technology for OC reconstruction should simulate the gradient structure of subchondral bone and cartilage. Therefore, we must not only strengthen the basic research on OC structure, but also continue to explore the role of 3D printing technology in OC tissue engineering. This will enable better structural and functional bionics of OC scaffolds, ultimately improving the repair of OC defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Yun Zhai
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingrun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Junlei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Tianmin Guan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, China
| | - Deiwei Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
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Yu L, Cavelier S, Hannon B, Wei M. Recent development in multizonal scaffolds for osteochondral regeneration. Bioact Mater 2023; 25:122-159. [PMID: 36817819 PMCID: PMC9931622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral (OC) repair is an extremely challenging topic due to the complex biphasic structure and poor intrinsic regenerative capability of natural osteochondral tissue. In contrast to the current surgical approaches which yield only short-term relief of symptoms, tissue engineering strategy has been shown more promising outcomes in treating OC defects since its emergence in the 1990s. In particular, the use of multizonal scaffolds (MZSs) that mimic the gradient transitions, from cartilage surface to the subchondral bone with either continuous or discontinuous compositions, structures, and properties of natural OC tissue, has been gaining momentum in recent years. Scrutinizing the latest developments in the field, this review offers a comprehensive summary of recent advances, current hurdles, and future perspectives of OC repair, particularly the use of MZSs including bilayered, trilayered, multilayered, and gradient scaffolds, by bringing together onerous demands of architecture designs, material selections, manufacturing techniques as well as the choices of growth factors and cells, each of which possesses its unique challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Sacha Cavelier
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Brett Hannon
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Mei Wei
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
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5
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Ege D, Hasirci V. Is 3D Printing Promising for Osteochondral Tissue Regeneration? ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:1431-1444. [PMID: 36943415 PMCID: PMC10114088 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondral tissue regeneration is quite difficult to achieve due to the complexity of its organization. In the design of these complex multilayer structures, a fabrication method, 3D printing, started to be employed, especially by using extrusion, stereolithography and inkjet printing approaches. In this paper, the designs are discussed including biphasic, triphasic, and gradient structures which aim to mimic the cartilage and the calcified cartilage and the whole osteochondral tissue closely. In the first section of the review paper, 3D printing of hydrogels including gelatin methacryloyl (GelMa), alginate, and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) are discussed. However, their physical and biological properties need to be augmented, and this generally is achieved by blending the hydrogel with other, more durable, less hydrophilic, polymers. These scaffolds are very suitable to carry growth factors, such as TGF-β1, to further stimulate chondrogenesis. The bone layer is mimicked by printing calcium phosphates (CaPs) or bioactive glasses together with the hydrogels or as a component of another polymer layer. The current research findings indicate that polyester (i.e. polycaprolactone (PCL), polylactic acid (PLA) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)) reinforced hydrogels may more successfully mimic the complex structure of osteochondral tissue. Moreover, more recent printing methods such as melt electrowriting (MEW), are being used to integrate polyester fibers to enhance the mechanical properties of hydrogels. Additionally, polyester scaffolds that are 3D printed without hydrogels are discussed after the hydrogel-based scaffolds. In this review paper, the relevant studies are analyzed and discussed, and future work is recommended with support of tables of designed scaffolds. The outcome of the survey of the field is that 3D printing has significant potential to contribute to osteochondral tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ege
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Rasathane Cd, Kandilli Campus, Kandilli Mah., 34684 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vasif Hasirci
- Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, METU Research Group, BIOMATEN, Cankaya, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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Shabbirahmed AM, Sekar R, Gomez LA, Sekhar MR, Hiruthyaswamy SP, Basavegowda N, Somu P. Recent Developments of Silk-Based Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Applications: A Special Focus on the Advancement of 3D Printing. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:16. [PMID: 36648802 PMCID: PMC9844467 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine has received potential attention around the globe, with improving cell performances, one of the necessary ideas for the advancements of regenerative medicine. It is crucial to enhance cell performances in the physiological system for drug release studies because the variation in cell environments between in vitro and in vivo develops a loop in drug estimation. On the other hand, tissue engineering is a potential path to integrate cells with scaffold biomaterials and produce growth factors to regenerate organs. Scaffold biomaterials are a prototype for tissue production and perform vital functions in tissue engineering. Silk fibroin is a natural fibrous polymer with significant usage in regenerative medicine because of the growing interest in leftovers for silk biomaterials in tissue engineering. Among various natural biopolymer-based biomaterials, silk fibroin-based biomaterials have attracted significant attention due to their outstanding mechanical properties, biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and biodegradability for regenerative medicine and scaffold applications. This review article focused on highlighting the recent advancements of 3D printing in silk fibroin scaffold technologies for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Musfira Shabbirahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed-to-be University), Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore 641 114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajkumar Sekar
- Department of Chemistry, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, GST Road, Chinna Kolambakkam, Chengalpattu 603308, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Levin Anbu Gomez
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed-to-be University), Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore 641 114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Medidi Raja Sekhar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kebri Dehar University, Korahe Zone, Somali Region, Kebri Dehar 3060, Ethiopia
| | | | - Nagaraj Basavegowda
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Prathap Somu
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Chennai 600124, Tamil Nadu, India
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Pietryga K, Reczyńska-Kolman K, Reseland JE, Haugen H, Larreta-Garde V, Pamuła E. Biphasic monolithic osteochondral scaffolds obtained by diffusion-limited enzymatic mineralization of gellan gum hydrogel. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Al-Hakim Khalak F, García-Villén F, Ruiz-Alonso S, Pedraz JL, Saenz-del-Burgo L. Decellularized Extracellular Matrix-Based Bioinks for Tendon Regeneration in Three-Dimensional Bioprinting. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12930. [PMID: 36361719 PMCID: PMC9657326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, attempts to improve the regeneration of damaged tendons have been rising due to the growing demand. However, current treatments to restore the original performance of the tissue focus on the usage of grafts; although, actual grafts are deficient because they often cannot provide enough support for tissue regeneration, leading to additional complications. The beneficial effect of combining 3D bioprinting and dECM as a novel bioink biomaterial has recently been described. Tendon dECMs have been obtained by using either chemical, biological, or/and physical treatments. Although decellularization protocols are not yet standardized, recently, different protocols have been published. New therapeutic approaches embrace the use of dECM in bioinks for 3D bioprinting, as it has shown promising results in mimicking the composition and the structure of the tissue. However, major obstacles include the poor structural integrity and slow gelation properties of dECM bioinks. Moreover, printing parameters such as speed and temperature have to be optimized for each dECM bioink. Here, we show that dECM bioink for 3D bioprinting provides a promising approach for tendon regeneration for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad Al-Hakim Khalak
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Health Institute Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Jose Atxotegi, s/n, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Fátima García-Villén
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Health Institute Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Jose Atxotegi, s/n, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Sandra Ruiz-Alonso
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Health Institute Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Jose Atxotegi, s/n, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - José Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Health Institute Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Jose Atxotegi, s/n, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Laura Saenz-del-Burgo
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Health Institute Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Jose Atxotegi, s/n, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Brown M, Li J, Moraes C, Tabrizian M, Li-Jessen NY. Decellularized extracellular matrix: New promising and challenging biomaterials for regenerative medicine. Biomaterials 2022; 289:121786. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bucciarelli A, Motta A. Use of Bombyx mori silk fibroin in tissue engineering: From cocoons to medical devices, challenges, and future perspectives. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 139:212982. [PMID: 35882138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibroin has become a prominent material in tissue engineering (TE) over the last 20 years with almost 10,000 published works spanning in all the TE applications, from skeleton to neuronal regeneration. Fibroin is an extremely versatile biopolymer that, due to its ease of processing, has enabled the development of an entire plethora of materials whose properties and architectures can be tailored to suit target applications. Although the research and development of fibroin TE materials and devices is mature, apart from sutures, only a few medical products made of fibroin are used in the clinical routines. <40 clinical trials of Bombyx mori silk-related products have been reported by the FDA and few of them resulted in a commercialized device. In this review, after explaining the structure and properties of silk fibroin, we provide an overview of both fibroin constructs existing in the literature and fibroin devices used in clinic. Through the comparison of these two categories, we identified the burning issues faced by fibroin products during their translation to the market. Two main aspects will be considered. The first is the standardization of production processes, which leads both to the standardization of the characteristics of the issued device and the correct assessment of its failure. The second is the FDA regulations, which allow new devices to be marketed through the 510(k) clearance by demonstrating their equivalence to a commercialized medical product. The history of some fibroin medical devices will be taken as a case study. Finally, we will outline a roadmap outlining what actions we believe are needed to bring fibroin products to the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Bucciarelli
- CNR nanotech, National Council of Research, University Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Antonella Motta
- BIOtech research centre and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy.
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Suntornnond R, Ng WL, Huang X, Yeow CHE, Yeong WY. Improving printability of hydrogel-based bio-inks for thermal inkjet bioprinting applications via saponification and heat treatment processes. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:5989-6000. [PMID: 35876487 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00442a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Material jetting bioprinting is a highly promising three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technique that facilitates drop-on-demand (DOD) deposition of biomaterials and cells at pre-defined positions with high precision and resolution. A major challenge that hinders the prevalent use of the material jetting bioprinting technique is due to its limited range of printable hydrogel-based bio-inks. As a proof-of-concept, further modifications were made to gelatin methacrylate (GelMA), a gold-standard bio-ink, to improve its printability in a thermal inkjet bioprinter (HP Inc. D300e Digital Dispenser). A two-step modification process comprising saponification and heat treatment was performed; the GelMA bio-ink was first modified via a saponification process under highly alkali conditions to obtain saponified GelMA (SP-GelMA), followed by heat treatment via an autoclaving process to obtain heat-treated SP-GelMA (HSP-GelMA). The bio-ink modification process was optimized by evaluating the material properties of the GelMA bio-inks via rheological characterization, the bio-ink crosslinking test, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and the material swelling ratio after different numbers of heat treatment cycles (0, 1, 2 and 3 cycles). Lastly, size-exclusion chromatography with multi-angle light scattering (SEC-MALS) was performed to determine the effect of heat treatment on the molecular weight of the bio-inks. In this work, the 4% H2SP-GelMA bio-inks (after 2 heat treatment cycles) demonstrated good printability and biocompatibility (in terms of cell viability and proliferation profile). Furthermore, thermal inkjet bioprinting of the modified hydrogel-based bio-ink (a two-step modification process comprising saponification and heat treatment) via direct/indirect cell patterning is a facile approach for potential fundamental cell-cell and cell-material interaction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratima Suntornnond
- HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 65 Nanyang Avenue, 637460, Singapore.
| | - Wei Long Ng
- HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 65 Nanyang Avenue, 637460, Singapore.
| | - Xi Huang
- HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 65 Nanyang Avenue, 637460, Singapore.
| | - Chuen Herh Ethan Yeow
- HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 65 Nanyang Avenue, 637460, Singapore.
| | - Wai Yee Yeong
- HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 65 Nanyang Avenue, 637460, Singapore. .,Singapore Centre for 3D Printing (SC3DP), School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
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12
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Tan XH, Liu L, Mitryashkin A, Wang Y, Goh JCH. Silk Fibroin as a Bioink - A Thematic Review of Functionalization Strategies for Bioprinting Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3242-3270. [PMID: 35786841 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bioprinting is an emerging tissue engineering technique that has attracted the attention of researchers around the world, for its ability to create tissue constructs that recapitulate physiological function. While the technique has been receiving hype, there are still limitations to the use of bioprinting in practical applications, much of which is due to inappropriate bioink design that is unable to recapitulate complex tissue architecture. Silk fibroin (SF) is an exciting and promising bioink candidate that has been increasingly popular in bioprinting applications because of its processability, biodegradability, and biocompatibility properties. However, due to its lack of optimum gelation properties, functionalization strategies need to be employed so that SF can be effectively used in bioprinting applications. These functionalization strategies are processing methods which allow SF to be compatible with specific bioprinting techniques. Previous literature reviews of SF as a bioink mainly focus on discussing different methods to functionalize SF as a bioink, while a comprehensive review on categorizing SF functional methods according to their potential applications is missing. This paper seeks to discuss and compartmentalize the different strategies used to functionalize SF for bioprinting and categorize the strategies for each bioprinting method (namely, inkjet, extrusion, and light-based bioprinting). By compartmentalizing the various strategies for each printing method, the paper illustrates how each strategy is better suited for a target tissue application. The paper will also discuss applications of SF bioinks in regenerating various tissue types and the challenges and future trends that SF can take in its role as a bioink material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Hao Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Design, National University of Singapore, 15 Kent Ridge Crescent, E7-06-03, Singapore 119276, Singapore.,Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, University Hall, Tan Chin Tuan Wing, #05-03, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Design, National University of Singapore, 15 Kent Ridge Crescent, E7-06-03, Singapore 119276, Singapore
| | - Alexander Mitryashkin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Design, National University of Singapore, 15 Kent Ridge Crescent, E7-06-03, Singapore 119276, Singapore
| | - Yunyun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Design, National University of Singapore, 15 Kent Ridge Crescent, E7-06-03, Singapore 119276, Singapore
| | - James Cho Hong Goh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Design, National University of Singapore, 15 Kent Ridge Crescent, E7-06-03, Singapore 119276, Singapore.,Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, University Hall, Tan Chin Tuan Wing, #05-03, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119077, Singapore.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119288, Singapore
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13
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Silk Fibroin-Based Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092757. [PMID: 35566110 PMCID: PMC9103528 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) involves the combination of cells with scaffolding materials and appropriate growth factors in order to regenerate or replace damaged and degenerated tissues and organs. The scaffold materials serve as templates for tissue formation and play a vital role in TE. Among scaffold materials, silk fibroin (SF), a naturally occurring protein, has attracted great attention in TE applications due to its excellent mechanical properties, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and bio-absorbability. SF is usually dissolved in an aqueous solution and can be easily reconstituted into different forms, including films, mats, hydrogels, and sponges, through various fabrication techniques, including spin coating, electrospinning, freeze drying, and supercritical CO2-assisted drying. Furthermore, to facilitate the fabrication of more complex SF-based scaffolds, high-precision techniques such as micro-patterning and bio-printing have been explored in recent years. These processes contribute to the diversity of surface area, mean pore size, porosity, and mechanical properties of different silk fibroin scaffolds and can be used in various TE applications to provide appropriate morphological and mechanical properties. This review introduces the physicochemical and mechanical properties of SF and looks into a range of SF-based scaffolds that have recently been developed. The typical applications of SF-based scaffolds for TE of bone, cartilage, teeth and mandible tissue, cartilage, skeletal muscle, and vascular tissue are highlighted and discussed followed by a discussion of issues to be addressed in future studies.
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A review of composition‐structure‐function properties and tissue engineering strategies of articular cartilage: compare condyle process and knee‐joint. ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adem.202200304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Santos-Beato P, Midha S, Pitsillides AA, Miller A, Torii R, Kalaskar DM. Biofabrication of the osteochondral unit and its applications: Current and future directions for 3D bioprinting. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221133480. [PMID: 36386465 PMCID: PMC9643769 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221133480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple prevalent diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA), for which there is no cure or full understanding, affect the osteochondral unit; a complex interface tissue whose architecture, mechanical nature and physiological characteristics are still yet to be successfully reproduced in vitro. Although there have been multiple tissue engineering-based approaches to recapitulate the three dimensional (3D) structural complexity of the osteochondral unit, there are various aspects that still need to be improved. This review presents the different pre-requisites necessary to develop a human osteochondral unit construct and focuses on 3D bioprinting as a promising manufacturing technique. Examples of 3D bioprinted osteochondral tissues are reviewed, focusing on the most used bioinks, chosen cell types and growth factors. Further information regarding the applications of these 3D bioprinted tissues in the fields of disease modelling, drug testing and implantation is presented. Finally, special attention is given to the limitations that currently hold back these 3D bioprinted tissues from being used as models to investigate diseases such as OA. Information regarding improvements needed in bioink development, bioreactor use, vascularisation and inclusion of additional tissues to further complete an OA disease model, are presented. Overall, this review gives an overview of the evolution in 3D bioprinting of the osteochondral unit and its applications, as well as further illustrating limitations and improvements that could be performed explicitly for disease modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Swati Midha
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology,
University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Aline Miller
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ryo Torii
- Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University College London, London, UK
| | - Deepak M Kalaskar
- Institute of Orthopaedics and
Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science,
University College London (UCL), UK
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Bakhtiary N, Liu C, Ghorbani F. Bioactive Inks Development for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering: A Mini-Review. Gels 2021; 7:274. [PMID: 34940334 PMCID: PMC8700778 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, a prevalent joint disease affecting both cartilage and subchondral bone is osteoarthritis. Osteochondral tissue, a complex tissue unit, exhibited limited self-renewal potential. Furthermore, its gradient properties, including mechanical property, bio-compositions, and cellular behaviors, present a challenge in repairing and regenerating damaged osteochondral tissues. Here, tissue engineering and translational medicine development using bioprinting technology provided a promising strategy for osteochondral tissue repair. In this regard, personalized stratified scaffolds, which play an influential role in osteochondral regeneration, can provide potential treatment options in early-stage osteoarthritis to delay or avoid the use of joint replacements. Accordingly, bioactive scaffolds with possible integration with surrounding tissue and controlling inflammatory responses have promising future tissue engineering perspectives. This minireview focuses on introducing biologically active inks for bioprinting the hierarchical scaffolds, containing growth factors and bioactive materials for 3D printing of regenerative osteochondral substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Bakhtiary
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-114, Iran;
| | - Chaozong Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedic & Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore HA7 4LP, UK;
| | - Farnaz Ghorbani
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstraße 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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