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Wei BM, Fox LP, Kaffenberger BH, Korman AM, Micheletti RG, Mostaghimi A, Noe MH, Rosenbach M, Shinkai K, Kwah JH, Phillips EJ, Bolognia JL, Damsky W, Nelson CA. Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. Part I. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinicopathological features, and prognosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 90:885-908. [PMID: 37516359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DiHS), also known as drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), is a severe cutaneous adverse reaction (SCAR) characterized by an exanthem, fever, and hematologic and visceral organ involvement. Anticonvulsants, antibiotics, and allopurinol are the most common triggers. The pathogenesis involves a complex interplay between drugs, viruses, and the immune system primarily mediated by T-cells. DiHS/DRESS typically presents with a morbilliform eruption 2-6 weeks after drug exposure, and is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and risk of relapse. Long-term sequelae primarily relate to organ dysfunction and autoimmune diseases. Part I of this continuing medical education activity on DiHS/DRESS provides an update on epidemiology, novel insights into pathogenesis, and a description of clinicopathological features and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lindy P Fox
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Abraham M Korman
- Department of Dermatology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Robert G Micheletti
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Arash Mostaghimi
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Megan H Noe
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Misha Rosenbach
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kanade Shinkai
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jason H Kwah
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Elizabeth J Phillips
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jean L Bolognia
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - William Damsky
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Caroline A Nelson
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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Sáenz de Santa María R, Labella M, Bogas G, Doña I, Torres MJ. Hypersensitivity to gadolinium-based contrast. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 23:300-306. [PMID: 37357781 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The use of contrast media is increasing in recent decades. Although gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are generally well tolerated, adverse reactions, including hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs), although infrequent, may occur. It is important to perform a thorough allergological evaluation in patients with suspected GBCA-HSRs to avoid potentially serious reactions in subsequent exposures. RECENT FINDINGS Data on GBCA-HSRs are scarce. Most published articles dealing with skin tests and drug provocation tests (DPTs) with GBCAs are case series and small cohorts. Controversies exist about the role of premedication for preventing HSRs on subsequent exposures. Selection of well tolerated alternatives is based on potential cross-reactivity among GBCAs; however, the extent of cross-reactivity among them remains unclear. SUMMARY As premedication is not useful because breakthrough reactions are frequent in patients with GBCA-HSRs in subsequent exposures, an allergological evaluation is required. Available data suggest a high negative predictive value of skin tests, being crucial for guiding the selection of an alternative GBCA. However, DPTs are still necessary to confirm or exclude the diagnosis or find alternative GBCAs. Cross-reactivity is high among GBCAs belonging from the same group, mainly among macrocyclic compounds, so this must be taken into account for selecting alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Sáenz de Santa María
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Civil
| | - Marina Labella
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Civil
| | - Gádor Bogas
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Civil
| | - Inmaculada Doña
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Civil
| | - María José Torres
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Civil
- Nanostructures for Diagnosing and Treatment of Allergic Diseases Laboratory, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Facultad de Medicina, Málaga, Spain
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Gracia Bara MT, Gallardo-Higueras A, Moreno EM, Laffond E, Muñoz Bellido FJ, Martin C, Sobrino M, Macias E, Arriba-Méndez S, Castillo R, Davila I. Hypersensitivity to Gadolinium-Based Contrast Media. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:813927. [PMID: 35386665 PMCID: PMC8974732 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.813927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are frequently used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations to increase sensitivity in diagnoses. Recently, an increase in the description of hypersensitivity reactions to GBCAs has been detected. We performed research in PubMed, PubMed, SCOPUS, and EMBASE until September 2021, searching for studies regarding immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions to gadolinium-based contrast agents in which an allergy study was performed. The initial research identified 149 articles written in English. After excluding articles duplicated and articles that had irrelevant designs, 26 articles were included. Finally, 17 studies concerning immediate reactions, six studies concerning non-immediate reactions, and three concerning both that performed allergy evaluations were selected. In the review, we analyzed the characteristics of immediate and delayed reactions and the results of the allergy study and cross-reactivity. Skin tests seem to have acceptable accuracy, but drug provocation tests are still needed when skin tests are negative o to find alternative agents. Although cross-reactivity patterns are not well established, cross-reactivity seems to exist among macrocyclic agents. Notwithstanding, the number of patients analyzed is low and further studies are required. A management algorithm is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Teresa Gracia Bara
- Allergy Service, University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Esther M. Moreno
- Allergy Service, University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- RETIC Asma, Reacciones Adversas y Alérgicas (ARADYAL), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Laffond
- Allergy Service, University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Muñoz Bellido
- Allergy Service, University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Martin
- Allergy Service, University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miriam Sobrino
- Allergy Service, University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eva Macias
- Allergy Service, University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sonia Arriba-Méndez
- Allergy Service, University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Ignacio Davila
- Allergy Service, University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- RETIC Asma, Reacciones Adversas y Alérgicas (ARADYAL), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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