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Alwazzeh MJ, Aljoudi AS, Subbarayalu AV, Alharbi AF, Aldowayan AK, Alshahrani SF, Alamri AM, Almuhanna FA. Knowledge gaps, attitudes, and practices regarding end-of-life medical care among physicians in an academic medical center. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
<b>Introduction:</b> End-of-life medical care (ELMC) plans and do-not-resuscitate (DNR) decision-making are usually affected by multiple factors compared to other medical care decisions.<b> </b>ELMC and DNR policy implementation are still diversified and heterogeneous, especially in Saudi Arabia, because policymakers have adopted no guidelines. Thus, this study investigated physicians’ knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding ELMC and DNR.<br />
<b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional study design was adopted. Three hundred physicians working at King Fahad Hospital of the University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia, were randomly selected and administered an anonymous self-administered questionnaire using the Likert scale. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS 23.0.<br />
<b>Results: </b>Of 300 distributed questionnaires, 264 (88%) were completed and analysed. Knowledge gaps and negative attitudes were observed, a quarter of the participants were opposed to issuing a DNR order, and 29.0% considered DNR as equal to euthanasia as they practice. The participants’ patient age and religious factors were the most critical factors in the ELMC plan and DNR decision. The physician’s level of acceptance regarding a set of ELMC interventions and DNR decisions showed heterogenicity and uncertainty among participants.<br />
<b>Conclusions:</b> The ELMC plan and DNR decision-making should be appropriately addressed in the medical residents’ training programs to bridge the knowledge gap and the physicians’ negative attitudes during their practice. Additionally, there is a need to update and unify the DNR policies at the national level, considering the patient’s right to be informed and involved actively during the decision process making. Finally, more prospective research is needed for the global standardization of ELMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Jabr Alwazzeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAUDI ARABIA
- King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Abdullah Srour Aljoudi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Arun Vijay Subbarayalu
- Deanship of Quality and Academic Accreditation, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Abdulelah Fawzi Alharbi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Ali Khalid Aldowayan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Saad Falah Alshahrani
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Ali Mohammad Alamri
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAUDI ARABIA
- King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Fahd Abdulaziz Almuhanna
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAUDI ARABIA
- King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, SAUDI ARABIA
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Pramono A, Widyastuti Y, Soenarto Y, Rochmawati E, Sudadi. Predictive Factors for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Failure. Indian J Palliat Care 2021; 27:426-430. [PMID: 34898936 PMCID: PMC8655672 DOI: 10.25259/ijpc_447_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Patients with chronic diseases are often admitted to the hospital through the emergency room of the hospital because of complaints of dyspnoea, urinary retention, decreased consciousness and cardiac arrest requiring resuscitation. The purpose of this study is to find predictive factors for failure of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in patients of chronic diseases. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study took medical records of patients who were carried out from primary healthcare center in Yogyakarta from 2017 to 2019. Bivariate statistical analysis used Fisher's exact test to determine the relative risk; if P < 0.25, then multivariate analysis with logistic regression continued with the backward method to obtain the odds ratio (OR). Results The results indicate that cardiac arrest patients with sepsis are most likely to fail at CPR, whereas male patients are 9.1 times (OR 9.1); patients with acidosis, 8.1 times (OR 8.1); and patients with asystole heart rhythm, 7.8 times (OR 7.8, P < 0.05). We can conclude that male patients with sepsis, acidosis or asystole heart rhythm will almost certainly fail to receive resuscitation. Conclusion Sepsis or septic shock, the male gender, acidosis, and asystole rhythm can be determinants of mortality in patients with chronic diseases who undergo CPR. It is necessary for one to test the application of the checklist or data from other hospitals and score the predictive factors to make the determination of the success of CPR easier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardi Pramono
- Department of Anesthesiology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yunita Widyastuti
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yati Soenarto
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr Sardjito Hospital Center For Bioethics And Medical Humanities, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Erna Rochmawati
- Department of Palliative Care and Nursing Education, School of Nursing, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sudadi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Ding CQ, Zhang YP, Wang YW, Yang MF, Wang S, Cui NQ, Jin JF. Death and do-not-resuscitate order in the emergency department: A single-center three-year retrospective study in the Chinese mainland. World J Emerg Med 2020; 11:231-237. [PMID: 33014219 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consenting to do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders is an important and complex medical decision-making process in the treatment of patients at the end-of-life in emergency departments (EDs). The DNR decision in EDs has not been extensively studied, especially in the Chinese mainland. METHODS This retrospective chart study of all deceased patients in the ED of a university hospital was conducted from January 2017 to December 2019. The patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were excluded. RESULTS There were 214 patients' deaths in the ED in the three years. Among them, 132 patients were included in this study, whereas 82 with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were excluded. There were 99 (75.0%) patients' deaths after a DNR order medical decision, 64 (64.6%) patients signed the orders within 24 hours of the ED admission, 68 (68.7%) patients died within 24 hours after signing it, and 97 (98.0%) patients had DNR signed by the family surrogates. Multivariate analysis showed that four independent factors influenced the family surrogates' decisions to sign the DNR orders: lack of referral (odds ratio [OR] 0.157, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.047-0.529, P=0.003), ED length of stay (ED LOS) ≥72 hours (OR 5.889, 95% CI 1.290-26.885, P=0.022), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (OR 0.017, 95% CI 0.001-0.279, P=0.004), and tracheal intubation (OR 0.028, 95% CI 0.007-0.120, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS In the Chinese mainland, the proportion of patients consenting for DNR order is lower than that of developed countries. The decision to sign DNR orders is mainly affected by referral, ED LOS, AMI, and trachea intubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Qi Ding
- Department of Nursing, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ping Zhang
- Department of Nursing, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Wei Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min-Fei Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sa Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nian-Qi Cui
- Department of Nursing, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Fen Jin
- Department of Nursing, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Lin CY, Lee YC. Choosing and Doing wisely: triage level I resuscitation a possible new field for starting palliative care and avoiding low-value care - a nationwide matched-pair retrospective cohort study in Taiwan. BMC Palliat Care 2020; 19:87. [PMID: 32563245 PMCID: PMC7305586 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-020-00590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between palliative care and life-sustaining treatment following emergency department (ED) resuscitation is unclear. This study aims to analyze the usage of palliative care and life-sustaining treatments among ED triage level I resuscitation patients based on a nationally representative sample of patients in Taiwan. METHODS A matched-pair retrospective cohort study was conducted to examine the association between palliative care and outcome variables using multivariate logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. Between 2009 and 2013, 336 ED triage level I resuscitation patients received palliative care services (palliative care group) under a universal health insurance scheme. Retrospective cohort matching was performed with those who received standard care at a ratio of 1:4 (usual care group). Outcome variables included the number of visits to emergency and outpatient departments, hospitalization duration, total medical expenses, utilization of life-sustaining treatments, and duration of survival following ED triage level I resuscitation. RESULTS The mean survival duration following level I resuscitation was less than 1 year. Palliative care was administered to 15% of the resuscitation cohort. The palliative care group received significantly less life-sustaining treatment than did the usual care group. CONCLUSION Among patients who underwent level I resuscitation, palliative care was inversely correlated with the scope of life-sustaining treatments. Furthermore, triage level I resuscitation status may present a possible new field for starting palliative care intervention and reducing low-value care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yuan Lin
- Department of Neurology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Health and Welfare Policy, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Health Care Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Chune Lee
- Institute of Health and Welfare Policy, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Master Program on Trans-disciplinary Long-Term Care and Management, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Early Palliative Care Consultation in the Medical ICU: A Cluster Randomized Crossover Trial. Crit Care Med 2020; 47:1707-1715. [PMID: 31609772 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000004016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of early triggered palliative care consultation on the outcomes of high-risk ICU patients. DESIGN Single-center cluster randomized crossover trial. SETTING Two medical ICUs at Barnes Jewish Hospital. PATIENTS Patients (n = 199) admitted to the medical ICUs from August 2017 to May 2018 with a positive palliative care screen indicating high risk for morbidity or mortality. INTERVENTIONS The medical ICUs were randomized to intervention or usual care followed by washout and crossover, with independent assignment of patients to each ICU at admission. Intervention arm patients received a palliative care consultation from an interprofessional team led by board-certified palliative care providers within 48 hours of ICU admission. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Ninety-seven patients (48.7%) were assigned to the intervention and 102 (51.3%) to usual care. Transition to do-not-resuscitate/do-not-intubate occurred earlier and significantly more often in the intervention group than the control group (50.5% vs 23.4%; p < 0.0001). The intervention group had significantly more transfers to hospice care (18.6% vs 4.9%; p < 0.01) with fewer ventilator days (median 4 vs 6 d; p < 0.05), tracheostomies performed (1% vs 7.8%; p < 0.05), and postdischarge emergency department visits and/or readmissions (17.3% vs 38.9%; p < 0.01). Although total operating cost was not significantly different, medical ICU (p < 0.01) and pharmacy (p < 0.05) operating costs were significantly lower in the intervention group. There was no significant difference in ICU length of stay (median 5 vs 5.5 d), hospital length of stay (median 10 vs 11 d), in-hospital mortality (22.6% vs 29.4%), or 30-day mortality between groups (35.1% vs 36.3%) (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Early triggered palliative care consultation was associated with greater transition to do-not-resuscitate/do-not-intubate and to hospice care, as well as decreased ICU and post-ICU healthcare resource utilization. Our study suggests that routine palliative care consultation may positively impact the care of high risk, critically ill patients.
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Aljethaily A, Al-Mutairi T, Al-Harbi K, Al-Khonezan S, Aljethaily A, Al-Homaidhi HS. Pediatricians' Perceptions Toward Do Not Resuscitate: A Survey in Saudi Arabia and Literature Review. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2020; 11:1-8. [PMID: 32021536 PMCID: PMC6954090 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s228399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the pediatricians' attitudes and perceptions toward do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders in a specific region of the world not fully explored before. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted between March 4 and May 30, 2018. Pediatricians from three public hospitals in the city of Riyadh were asked to respond to a questionnaire consisting of 22 questions designed to meet the objectives of our study. RESULTS A total of 203 pediatricians (51.2% female) completed the questionnaire, both junior pediatricians (JPs) and senior pediatricians (SPs). A majority (58.9% of JPs and 61.4% of SPs) thought patients have the right to demand intensive care, despite their terminal illness. Half the participants in both groups thought that DNR is a physician's decision. Only 9.3% of JPs and 12.5% of SPs felt comfortable discussing DNR with patients/families. Medical school was also a source of knowledge on DNR issues, mainly for JPs (40.2% of JPs vs 20.8% of SPs, P=0.005). Half the participants felt that DNR is consistent with Islamic beliefs, while 57.9% of JPs vs 41.7% of SPs felt they are legally protected. Hospital policy was clear to 48.6% of JPs vs 66.7% of SPs, while procedure was clear to 35.5% of JPs vs 49% of SPs. CONCLUSION Several factors are present that may hinder DNR implementation, such as doubts concerning being legally protected, doubts concerning consistency with Islamic sharia, unclear policies and procedures, and lack of training and orientation on DNR issues. Policies may need to include patients as decision-makers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Khalid Al-Harbi
- College of Medicine, Al-Imam University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Cheng MT, Shih FY, Tsai CL, Tsai HB, Tsai DFC, Fang CC. Impact of major illnesses and geographic regions on do-not-resuscitate rate and its potential cost savings in Taiwan. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222320. [PMID: 31513648 PMCID: PMC6742372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Purpose Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) is a legal order that demonstrates a patient’s will to avoid further suffering from advanced treatment at the end of life. The concept of palliative care is increasingly accepted, but the impacts of different major illnesses, geographic regions, and health expenses on DNR rates remain unclear. Methods This study utilized the two-million National Health Insurance (NHI) Research Database to examine the percentage of DNR rates among all deaths in hospitals from 2001 to 2011. DNR in the study was defined as no resuscitation before death in hospitals. Death records were extracted from the database and correlated with healthcare information. Descriptive statistics were compiled to examine the relationships between DNR rates and variables including major illnesses, geographic regions, and NHI spending. Results A total of 126,390 death records were extracted from the database for analysis. Among cancer-related deaths, pancreatic cancer patients had the highest DNR rate (86.99%) and esophageal cancer patients had the lowest DNR rate (71.62%). The higher DNR rate among cancer-only patients (79.53%) decreased with concomitant dialysis (66.07%) or ventilator use (57.85%). The lower DNR rates in patients with either chronic dialysis (51.27%) or ventilator use (59.10%) increased when patients experienced these two conditions concomitantly (61.31%). Although DNR rates have consistently increased over time across all regions of Taiwan, a persistent disparity was noted between the East and the South (76.89% vs. 70.78% in 2011, p < 0.01). After adjusting for potential confounders, DNR patients had significantly lower NHI spending one year prior to death ($67,553), compared with non-DNR patients. Conclusion Our study found that DNR rates varied across cancer types and decreased in cancer patients with concomitant chronic dialysis or ventilator use. Disparities in DNR rates were evident across geographic regions in Taiwan. A wider adoption of the DNR policy may achieve substantial savings in health expenses and improve patients’ quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tai Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fuh-Yuan Shih
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Lin Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Bin Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Daniel Fu-Chang Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Bioethics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chung Fang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Kaneetah AH, Baowaidan FO, Abulaban BA, Sabban MF, Alshehri AS. The Perspectives of the General Population and Relatives of Cancer Patients with Respect to the Do-Not-Resuscitate Order. Cureus 2019; 11:e3968. [PMID: 30956920 PMCID: PMC6436887 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order is a medical decision that instructs healthcare providers to withhold cardiopulmonary resuscitations (CPR) to patients in case of cardiopulmonary arrest in respect to their wishes. In Saudi Arabia, the decision is usually made by physicians based on the Fatwa number 12086 regardless of the patients' or their families' desires. Assessing the knowledge, perception, and attitude of Saudi family members towards this medical decision may help guide medical practitioners to make decisions that are legally and ethically acceptable for the patients and their family. Therefore, this study aimed to assess their knowledge, perception, and attitude about DNR decisions and to determine demographic variables that affect their attitude towards DNR decisions. Method This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2017 to January 2018 utilizing survey distribution through emails and different social media outlets including Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, and LinkedIn. A self-administered questionnaire was employed to elicit responses regarding knowledge, perception, and attitude towards DNR decisions. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Windows version 17 (SPSS v.17) (IBM Corporation, USA) was used for data management and analysis. Result Of the 1882 participants who filled the questionnaire, only 1693 participants were eligible as the study sample population and were included in the final data analysis. Most of the participants were from the Makkah region (72.2%) and were mainly from the general population (61.66%). Participants were mainly females (66%) and within the median age of 30 years (IQR: 21). As expected, participants who had heard about the DNR practice were from the medical field (58.6%) and they were mainly distant relatives. Almost 76% of the participants had two to four incorrect answers about the DNR practice, and it indicated that participants have inadequate knowledge about a DNR order. Most of the participants (43.2%) refused to be on a DNR order if they were diagnosed with a terminal illness. However, most participants (69.9%) wanted to have an involvement in the decision-making of being on a DNR order. In terms of willingness to understand and learn about the DNR decision, 1475 (87.1%) of the participants wanted to learn more about the DNR practice. Being a relative of a terminally ill cancer patient did not have a significant effect on the knowledge and perceptions of participants about being on a DNR order. However, having a background in medicine was found to be significantly associated with their acceptance to be on a DNR order. The knowledge score regarding DNR was found to be significantly associated with higher acceptance towards DNR orders. Conclusion The majority of participants had a lack of knowledge about the DNR practice. Their religion's concept of hope and virtue is considered as the major reason for their DNR order refusal. However, proper education about the DNR practice and involvement in the DNR order decision-making will increase the participants' knowledge and will improve their acceptance of the DNR practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Kaneetah
- Internal Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jedah, SAU
| | - Feras O Baowaidan
- Internal Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Bahaa A Abulaban
- Internal Medcine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Mahmoud F Sabban
- Internal Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Ahmad S Alshehri
- Oncology, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center - King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
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Saleh S, El Harakeh A, Baroud M, Zeineddine N, Farah A, Sibai AM. Costs associated with management of non-communicable diseases in the Arab Region: a scoping review. J Glob Health 2018; 8:020410. [PMID: 30546867 PMCID: PMC6287209 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.08.020410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global mortality rates resulting from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are reaching alarming levels, especially in low- and middle-income countries, imposing a considerable burden on individuals and health systems as a whole. This scoping review aims at synthesizing the existing literature evaluating the cost associated with the management and treatment of major NCDs across all Arab countries; at evaluating the quality of these studies; and at identifying the gap in existing literature. METHODS A systematic search was conducted using Medline electronic database to retrieve articles evaluating costs associated with management of NCDs in Arab countries, published in English between January 2000 and April 2016. 55 studies met the eligibility criteria and were independently screened by two reviewers who extracted/calculated the following information: country, theme (management of NCD, treatment/medication, or procedure), study design, setting, population/sample size, publication year, year for cost data cost conversion (US$), costing approach, costing perspective, type of costs, source of information and quality evaluation using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). RESULTS The reviewed articles covered 16 countries in the Arab region. Most of the studies were observational with a retrospective or prospective design, with a relatively low to very low quality score. Our synthesis revealed that NCDs' management costs in the Arab region are high; however, there is a large variation in the methods used to quantify the costs of NCDs in these countries, making it difficult to conduct any type of comparisons. CONCLUSIONS The findings revealed that data on the direct costs of NCDs remains limited by the paucity of this type of evidence and the generally low quality of studies published in this area. There is a need for future studies, of improved and harmonized methodology, as such evidence is key for decision-makers and directs health care planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Saleh
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amena El Harakeh
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maysa Baroud
- Refugee Research and Policy Program, Issam Fares Institute for Public Policy and International Affairs. American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Najah Zeineddine
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Angie Farah
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abla Mehio Sibai
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Eljilany I, El-Dahiyat F, Curley LE, Babar ZUD. Evaluating quantity and quality of literature focusing on health economics and pharmacoeconomics in Gulf Cooperation Council countries. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2018; 18:403-414. [PMID: 29779401 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2018.1479254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of pharmacoeconomics and health economics has been augmented. It has the potential to provide evidence to aid in optimal decision-making in the funding of cost-effective medicines and services in Gulf Cooperation Council countries (G.C.C). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality and quantity of health economic researches published until the end of 2017 in G.C.C. and to identify the factors that affect the quality of studies. METHOD Studies were included according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quantity was recorded, and the quality was assessed using the Quality of Health Economic Studies (QHES) instrument. RESULTS Forty-nine studies were included. The mean (SD) quality score of all studies was 57.83 (25.05), and a high number of reviewed studies (47%) were evaluated as either poor or extremely poor quality. The factors that affect the quality of studies with statistical significance were, the type and method of economic evaluation, the economic outcome was the objective of the research, author`s background, the perspective of the study, health intervention and source of funding. CONCLUSION The use of economic evaluation studies in G.C.C was limited. Different factors that affect the quality of articles such as performing a full economic evaluation and choosing societal perspective were identified. Strategies to improve the quality of future studies were recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Eljilany
- a Independent Researcher , Pharmacoeconomics Expert , Qatar
| | - Faris El-Dahiyat
- b College of Pharmacy , Al Ain University of Science and Technology , Al Ain , United Arab Emirates
| | - Louise Elizabeth Curley
- c School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences , The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar
- c School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences , The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.,d Department of Pharmacy , University of Huddersfield , Huddersfield , United Kingdom
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Huang BY, Chen HP, Wang Y, Deng YT, Yi TW, Jiang Y. The do-not-resuscitate order for terminal cancer patients in mainland China: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e0588. [PMID: 29718859 PMCID: PMC6392573 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of palliative care, a signed do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order has become increasingly popular worldwide. However, there is no legal guarantee of a signed DNR order for patients with cancer in mainland China. This study aimed to estimate the status of DNR order signing before patient death in the cancer center of a large tertiary affiliated teaching hospital in western China. Patient demographics and disease-related characteristics were also analyzed.This was a retrospective chart analysis. We screened all charts from a large-scale tertiary teaching hospital in China for patients who died of cancer from January 2010 to February 2015. Analysis included a total of 365 records. The details of DNR order forms, patient demographics, and disease-related characteristics were recorded.The DNR order signing rate was 80%. Only 2 patients signed the DNR order themselves, while the majority of DNR orders were signed by patients' surrogates. The median time for signing the DNR order was 1 day before the patients' death. Most DNR decisions were made within the last 3 days before death. The time at which DNR orders were signed was related to disease severity and the rate of disease progression.Our findings indicate that signing a DNR order for patients with terminal cancer has become common in mainland China in recent years. Decisions about a DNR order are usually made by patients' surrogates when patients are severely ill. Palliative care in mainland China still needs to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital
| | - Hui-Ping Chen
- Department of Palliative Medicine, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Tiao Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital
| | - Ting-Wu Yi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital
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