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Sierra-Sánchez Á, Barbier MA, Magne B, Larouche D, Arias-Santiago S, Germain L. Comparison of Two Human Skin Cell Isolation Protocols and Their Influence on Keratinocyte and Fibroblast Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14712. [PMID: 37834159 PMCID: PMC10572435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
For the development of advanced therapies, the use of primary cells instead of cell lines is preferred. The manufacture of human tissue-engineered skin substitutes requires efficient isolation and culture protocols allowing a massive expansion of the cells in culture from an initial specimen of a minimal size. This study compared two skin cell isolation protocols, routinely applied in two clinical laboratories. Epithelial (keratinocytes) and dermal (fibroblasts) cells were isolated and cultured from three human skin biopsies (N = 3). The two-step digestion protocol (LOEX-Protocol) firstly used thermolysin to enzymatically disrupt the dermal-epidermal junction while, for the one-step digestion protocol (UPCIT-Protocol), mechanical detachment with scissors was applied. Then, the epidermal and dermal layers were digested, respectively, to achieve cell isolation. The cell size, viability, yield and growth were analyzed over five passages (P). The colony-forming efficiency (CFE) and Keratin 19 (K19) expression of epithelial cells were also assessed after P0 and P1. Regarding the dermal cells, no significant differences were observed in the tested parameters of isolation and culture. However, for the epithelial cells, viability was higher (93% vs. 85%) and the number of cells extracted per cm2 of skin was 3.4 times higher using the LOEX-Protocol compared to the UPCIT-Protocol. No significant difference was observed for any parameter once the keratinocytes were cultured from P1 to P4. The CFE and K19 expression decreased from P0 to P1 in both protocols, probably due to the culture process. This study shows that both protocols enable the efficient isolation of skin dermal and epithelial cells and subsequent culture to produce grafts destined for the treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Sierra-Sánchez
- LOEX Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Université Laval Research Center and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Unidad de Producción Celular e Ingeniería Tisular (UPCIT), Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, ibs.Granada, Andalusian Network of Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Martin A Barbier
- LOEX Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Université Laval Research Center and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Brice Magne
- LOEX Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Université Laval Research Center and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Danielle Larouche
- LOEX Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Université Laval Research Center and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Salvador Arias-Santiago
- Unidad de Producción Celular e Ingeniería Tisular (UPCIT), Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, ibs.Granada, Andalusian Network of Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Lucie Germain
- LOEX Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Université Laval Research Center and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
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2
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The Role of Process Systems Engineering in Applying Quality by Design (QbD) in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Production. Comput Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2023.108144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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3
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Scholz BX, Hayashi Y, Udugama IA, Kino-oka M, Sugiyama H. A CFD model-based design of seeding processes for two-dimensional mesenchymal stem cell cultivation. Comput Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2023.108157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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4
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Kanda GN, Tsuzuki T, Terada M, Sakai N, Motozawa N, Masuda T, Nishida M, Watanabe CT, Higashi T, Horiguchi SA, Kudo T, Kamei M, Sunagawa GA, Matsukuma K, Sakurada T, Ozawa Y, Takahashi M, Takahashi K, Natsume T. Robotic search for optimal cell culture in regenerative medicine. eLife 2022; 11:77007. [PMID: 35762203 PMCID: PMC9239686 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced differentiation is one of the most experience- and skill-dependent experimental processes in regenerative medicine, and establishing optimal conditions often takes years. We developed a robotic AI system with a batch Bayesian optimization algorithm that autonomously induces the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial (iPSC-RPE) cells. From 200 million possible parameter combinations, the system performed cell culture in 143 different conditions in 111 days, resulting in 88% better iPSC-RPE production than that obtained by the pre-optimized culture in terms of the pigmentation scores. Our work demonstrates that the use of autonomous robotic AI systems drastically accelerates systematic and unbiased exploration of experimental search space, suggesting immense use in medicine and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genki N Kanda
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan.,Laboratory for Biologically Inspired Computing, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Osaka, Japan.,Robotic Biology Institute Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Motoki Terada
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan.,VCCT Inc., Kobe, Japan
| | - Noriko Sakai
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan.,VCCT Inc., Kobe, Japan
| | - Naohiro Motozawa
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Masuda
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan.,VCCT Inc., Kobe, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nishida
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan.,VCCT Inc., Kobe, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Taku Kudo
- Robotic Biology Institute Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Genshiro A Sunagawa
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan.,Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Aging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Masayo Takahashi
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan.,VCCT Inc., Kobe, Japan.,Vision Care Inc., Kobe, Japan
| | - Koichi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Biologically Inspired Computing, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tohru Natsume
- Robotic Biology Institute Inc., Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Nair A, Horiguchi I, Fukumori K, Kino-oka M. Development of instability analysis for the filling process of human-induced pluripotent stem cell products. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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6
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Approach of resource expenditure estimation toward mechanization in the manufacturing of cell-based products. Regen Ther 2022; 20:9-17. [PMID: 35350420 PMCID: PMC8920920 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments for the manufacturing of cell-based products have focused on the advancement of products to clinical trials or commercialization, with awareness of the importance of cost-based effectiveness in cell manufacturing. The mechanization of cell-processing operations is advantageous for the reproducibility and stability of product quality and is thought to reduce the cost-of-goods through the life cycle of the product in a scale-up system; however, few cases of the implementation exist. This study developed an estimation method for the resource expenditure of cell-processing operations in the manufacturing of cell-based products. To estimate resource expenditures, we evaluated the manufacturing processes by operations involving entering into the surrounding area of cell processing zone, materials loading, cell-processing operation, cleaning, and leaving from the surrounding area. The cell-processing operation is applicable to manual or robotic cell manufacturing system in a biosafety cabinet or an isolator system. In cases of low annual batch numbers of manufacturing (batch number <33), the resource expenditure of cell-processing operations in a robotic operation system installed in the isolator system is estimated to be higher compared with a manual operation system in the isolator system due to additional initial costs for design and fabrication of the robotic operation system containing robot arms. With increasing numbers of annual batches, the resource expenditure decreases for robotic operating system, leading to an advantageous juncture where the resource expenditure of a robotic operation system is equivalent to that of a manually operated system, whereby the labor cost for cell-processing operations rises. In addition, the expertise of operations required for cell manufacturing is suggested to foster potential risks associated with the operation skills or turnover of operators, and the cost of education and training increases due to the necessity of persistent human resource development. Collectively, revealing the approach for installation of robotic operation system in cell manufacturing.
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7
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Hirono K, A. Udugama I, Hayashi Y, Kino-oka M, Sugiyama H. A Dynamic and Probabilistic Design Space Determination Method for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Cultivation Processes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keita Hirono
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Isuru A. Udugama
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hayashi
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kino-oka
- Department of Biotechnology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Sugiyama
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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8
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Horie M, Yamano-Adachi N, Kawabe Y, Kaneoka H, Fujita H, Nagamori E, Iwai R, Sato Y, Kanie K, Ohta S, Somiya M, Ino K. Recent advances in animal cell technologies for industrial and medical applications. J Biosci Bioeng 2022; 133:509-514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Wu YY, Liu D, Naing MW. Development of a closed and automated bioreactor technology for cell therapy manufacturing - a sharing of our journey. Regen Med 2021; 15:2335-2340. [PMID: 33406907 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Y Wu
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR Research Entities, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01, Centros, 138668, Singapore
| | - Dan Liu
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR Research Entities, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01, Centros, 138668, Singapore
| | - May W Naing
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR Research Entities, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01, Centros, 138668, Singapore.,Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, A*STAR Research Entities, 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-04, Innovis, 138634, Singapore
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10
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Ochiai K, Motozawa N, Terada M, Horinouchi T, Masuda T, Kudo T, Kamei M, Tsujikawa A, Matsukuma K, Natsume T, Kanda GN, Takahashi M, Takahashi K. A Variable Scheduling Maintenance Culture Platform for Mammalian Cells. SLAS Technol 2020; 26:209-217. [PMID: 33269985 PMCID: PMC7985857 DOI: 10.1177/2472630320972109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cell culturing is a basic experimental technique in cell biology and medical science. However, culturing high-quality cells with a high degree of reproducibility relies heavily on expert skills and tacit knowledge, and it is not straightforward to scale the production process due to the education bottleneck. Although many automated culture systems have been developed and a few have succeeded in mass production environments, very few robots are permissive of frequent protocol changes, which are often required in basic research environments. LabDroid is a general-purpose humanoid robot with two arms that performs experiments using the same tools as humans. Combining our newly developed AI software with LabDroid, we developed a variable scheduling system that continuously produces subcultures of cell lines without human intervention. The system periodically observes the cells on plates with a microscope, predicts the cell growth curve by processing cell images, and decides the best times for passage. We have succeeded in developing a system that maintains the cultures of two HEK293A cell plates with no human intervention for 192 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ochiai
- Laboratory for Biologically Inspired Computing, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naohiro Motozawa
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoki Terada
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Horinouchi
- Laboratory for Biologically Inspired Computing, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory for Multiscale Biosystem Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Masuda
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Taku Kudo
- Robotic Biology Institute Inc., Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Akitaka Tsujikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Tohru Natsume
- Robotic Biology Institute Inc., Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Genki N Kanda
- Laboratory for Biologically Inspired Computing, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Robotic Biology Institute Inc., Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayo Takahashi
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,VisionCare Inc., Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Koichi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Biologically Inspired Computing, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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