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Tang CY, Wang J, Liu X, Chen JB, Liang J, Wang T, Simpson WR, Li YL, Li XZ. Medium optimization for high mycelial soluble protein content of Ophiocordyceps sinensis using response surface methodology. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1055055. [PMID: 36569047 PMCID: PMC9780674 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1055055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ophiocordyceps sinensis is widely utilized due to its pharmaceutical value. Mycelial protein forms a key active component of O. sinensis and determines the medicinal potential of fungus. Here, we describe the development of an optimized fermentation medium to obtain more mycelial soluble protein from O. sinensis using response surface methodology (RSM) and investigate the increased mycelial protein content using transcriptomics. The maximum mycelial protein content of 2.11% was obtained using a medium consisting of 20% beef broth, 0.10% peptone, 2% glucose, 0.15% yeast extract, 0.20% KH2PO4, and 0.02% MgSO4. Transcriptome analysis identified 790 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 592 up-regulated genes and 198 down-regulated genes, optimisation resulted in more up-regulated genes. The main DEGs were enriched in metabolic pathways, ABC transporters, starch and sucrose metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, and glutathione metabolism. In addition, some DEGs associated with mycelial protein enhancement such as tyrosinase (TYR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutamine synthetase (glnA), and β-glucosidase may contribute to increased mycelial protein content. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to confirm gene expression and the results support the accuracy of RNA-Seq and DEG analysis. This study provides an optimized fermentation method for enhancing the mycelial protein content of O. sinensis and a reference for the effective development of O. sinensis protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Yu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Jian-Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Jing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | | | - Yu-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China,*Correspondence: Yu-Ling Li,
| | - Xiu-Zhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China,Xiu-Zhang Li,
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Zuo Z, Jia J, Li H, Shi R, Wang D, Zeng KW, Nie H, Wang XG, Liu W, Li M, Feng Y, Wang XB. Adjuvant effects of Chinese medicinal tonics on gastric, liver, and colorectal cancers—OMICs-based contributions to understanding their mechanism of action. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:986765. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.986765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric, liver, and colorectal cancers belong to gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, one of the most threatening diseases in the world. The tonics class in Chinese medicines plays a critical role in antigastrointestinal cancer as adjuvants. However, it is a challenge to study the effects and underlying mechanisms of tonics due to their multiple components and multiple targets; OMICs were introduced to facilitate the investigation of the complex mixture of tonics. In this review, the online databases PubMed, ProQuest, Web of Knowledge, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chongqing VIP, and Wanfang were retrieved from 1 January 2011 to 31 May 2022, in an aim to summarize and discuss the research progress of the effects and, especially, the underlying mechanisms of tonics for antigastrointestinal cancers via OMICs. The results showed that through the combination of OMICs and other technologies, tonics have been used for gastrointestinal cancer by targeting cancer hallmarks, enhancing body resistance to carcinogenesis, enhancing therapeutic effects, and/or decreasing side effects. In conclusion, tonics may play a promising role in gastric, liver, and colorectal cancers as adjuvants and can be well investigated via the combination of OMICs and other technologies, which deserves further study.
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Proteomic Research on the Antitumor Properties of Medicinal Mushrooms. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216708. [PMID: 34771120 PMCID: PMC8588050 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal mushrooms are increasingly being recognized as an important therapeutic modality in complementary oncology. Until now, more than 800 mushroom species have been known to possess significant pharmacological properties, of which antitumor and immunomodulatory properties have been the most researched. Besides a number of medicinal mushroom preparations being used as dietary supplements and nutraceuticals, several isolates from mushrooms have been used as official antitumor drugs in clinical settings for several decades. Various proteomic approaches allow for the identification of a large number of differentially regulated proteins serendipitously, thereby providing an important platform for a discovery of new potential therapeutic targets and approaches as well as biomarkers of malignant disease. This review is focused on the current state of proteomic research into antitumor mechanisms of some of the most researched medicinal mushroom species, including Phellinus linteus, Ganoderma lucidum, Auricularia auricula, Agrocybe aegerita, Grifola frondosa, and Lentinus edodes, as whole body extracts or various isolates, as well as of complex extract mixtures.
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Pires C, Silva IC. Initial review on medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing natural materials for the treatment of HIV or AIDS. J Herb Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Singh MP, Rai SN, Dubey SK, Pandey AT, Tabassum N, Chaturvedi VK, Singh NB. Biomolecules of mushroom: a recipe of human wellness. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:913-930. [PMID: 34412526 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1964431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Indian system of medicine - Ayurveda says "When diet is wrong, medicine is of no use. When diet is correct, medicine is of no use". In this context, mushroom constitutes one of the major resources for nutraceuticals. Biomolecules of mushrooms have attracted the attention of researchers around the globe due to their proven healthy attributes. They have a plenitude of health-giving properties and these range from immunomodulatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anticancer, anti-HIV, antidiabetic, anticholesterolic to antiarthritic activities.Mushrooms contain both primary and secondary metabolites. The primary metabolites provide energy while the secondary metabolite exhibits medicinal properties. Hence, the mushroom can be a recipe for human wellness and will play a significant role in fighting COVID-19 pandemics and other infectious diseases.The key findings suggested in this paper refer to the exploration of health and the healing traits of biomolecules of mushrooms. This article reviews the current status of the medicinal attributes of mushrooms and their biomolecules in different diseases such as cardiovascular, diabetes, reproductive diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. The global malnutrition-related morbidity and mortality among children under five and lactating women presents a frightening picture and also a black spot on the human face. Malnutrition is responsible for more ill-health than any other cause. Mushrooms as a rich source of bioactive compounds can be claimed as "Best from the Waste" since they grow on the most abundant organic wastes of the Earth, the lignocellulosic substrate, and 'Best of the Rest' because they are excellent nutraceutical resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nazish Tabassum
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | | | - Narsingh Bahadur Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD, USA
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Nevzorova YA, Boyer-Diaz Z, Cubero FJ, Gracia-Sancho J. Animal models for liver disease - A practical approach for translational research. J Hepatol 2020; 73:423-440. [PMID: 32330604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Animal models are crucial for improving our understanding of human pathogenesis, enabling researchers to identify therapeutic targets and test novel drugs. In the current review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the most widely used experimental models of chronic liver disease, starting from early stages of fatty liver disease (non-alcoholic and alcoholic) to steatohepatitis, advanced cirrhosis and end-stage primary liver cancer. We focus on aspects such as reproducibility and practicality, discussing the advantages and weaknesses of available models for researchers who are planning to perform animal studies in the near future. Additionally, we summarise current and prospective models based on human tissue bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A Nevzorova
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zoe Boyer-Diaz
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Unit, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Liver Bioservices, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Cubero
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain; Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology & ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Unit, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Liver Bioservices, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain; Hepatology, Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Su Y, Li P, Zhang H, Lin M, Liu W, Xu R, Hu H, Liu YM. Simultaneous Quantification of Adenosine and Deoxyadenosine Isomers in Foods with High Sensitivity. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2019; 11:4946-4950. [PMID: 32632347 PMCID: PMC7337225 DOI: 10.1039/c9ay01735f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous quantification of adenosine and deoxyadenosine isomers, including 2'-deoxyadenosine (dA) and 3'-deoxyadenosine (cordycepin, COR) is a challenge because they are very similar in chemical structure. In some previous studies on food ingredients, adenine and dA might be mistakenly detected as COR that has been shown to have multiple health benefits. In this work, we developed a novel HPLC method with fluorescence detction (HPLC-FD) to simultaneously quantify COR, adenosine and dA. Pre-column derivatization with chloroacetaldehyde (CAA) was deployed. The proposed method has a limit of detection at the nM level for COR and adenosine, and is far more sensitive than the methods previously deveopled for COR determination. Using the present method, caterpillar fungi were analyzed as model food samples. The analysis revealed that COR was present in cordyceps militaris and cordyceps flowers in a concentration range from 0.314 to 0.735 mg/g, but not in cordyceps sinensis (C. sinensis), a natural and the priciest caterpillar fungus. These results suggest that the profile of active ingredients in C. sinensis has been wrongly claimed for many years. This finding was also supported by the results from further HPLC-MS/MS analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxia Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Rd, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch St. Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch St. Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Huaisheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch St. Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Manting Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Rd, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weizhi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Rd, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch St. Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Hankun Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Rd, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ming Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch St. Jackson, MS 39217, USA
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Red Raspberry Extract Protects the Skin against UVB-Induced Damage with Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory Properties. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9529676. [PMID: 30723535 PMCID: PMC6339709 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9529676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extensive exposure to UVB (280–320 nm) is the major risk responsible for various skin injuries. Numerous reports have shown that natural products could demonstrate photochemopreventive efficacy against UVB damage. We investigated the preventive effects and associated molecular mechanisms of red raspberry extract upon UVB-caused damage in human epidermal keratinocytes and a nude mouse model. The protein profiles and immunohistological study on a nude mouse skin indicated that red raspberry extract could prevent UVB-caused cell death and protect the skin against UVB-exposed injury manifested by wrinkling, scaling, tanning, and water loss as well as epidermal thickening. In addition, red raspberry extract application effectively abolished oxidative damage in DNA and attenuated the carbonylation level of proteins, which attributed to the activation of SOD, Nrf2 and its target genes, and HO-1. Red raspberry extract also altered the cells' apoptotic signaling pathways including caspase-3 as well as the inflammatory cascade such as c-jun and attenuated UVB-induced activation of NF-κB and COX-2. Red raspberry extract could alleviate direct photodamage to the skin caused by UVB exposure through the ROS scavenger and protection against inflammatory responses, which may allow the development of novel strategies in protecting the skin subjected to UVB radiation.
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Wang PW, Hung YC, Wu TH, Chen MH, Yeh CT, Pan TL. Proteome-based identification of apolipoprotein A-IV as an early diagnostic biomarker in liver fibrosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:88951-88964. [PMID: 29179490 PMCID: PMC5687660 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis may ultimately result in organ failure and death, a reality compounded by the fact that most drugs for liver fibrosis appear to be effective only if given as a prophylactic or early treatment. In a dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrotic model, aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase levels could not precisely distinguish the differences between the initial stage of liver fibrosis and normal control, whereas histological examination indicated that dimethylnitrosamine treatment for two weeks has resulted in hepatic fibrogenesis. Comprehensive proteomics identified 12 proteins mainly associated with the interleukin 6-stimulated inflammatory pathway. Coordinately, cytokine profiles showed that dimethylnitrosamine administration would stimulate various signaling pathways leading to liver fibrosis. Of note, apolipoprotein A4 in serum samples obtained from patients in the early stage of liver fibrosis were significantly increased compared to the healthy controls (p<0.001) while the area under curve was 0.966. Moreover, increased apolipoprotein A4 significantly enhanced transforming growth factor beta 1-induced alpha smooth muscle actin expression. In this regard, overexpression of apolipoprotein A4 in early stage of liver fibrosis might magnify and imply the progression of hepatic fibrosis. These findings suggest that apolipoprotein A4 upregulation may correlate with hepatic fibrosis staging and that apolipoprotein A4 together with current biomarker can increase the sensitivity and specificity for the early detection of liver fibrosis in a high-throughput manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Hung
- Department of Chinese Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ho Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Long Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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10
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Zhang Z, Wang D, Qiao S, Wu X, Cao S, Wang L, Su X, Li L. Metabolic and microbial signatures in rat hepatocellular carcinoma treated with caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4508. [PMID: 28674386 PMCID: PMC5495756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04888-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment remains lack of effective chemopreventive agents, therefore it is very attractive and urgent to discover novel anti-HCC drugs. In the present study, the effects of chlorogenic acid (ChA) and caffeic acid (CaA) on HCC induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) were evaluated. ChA or CaA could reduce the histopathological changes and liver injury markers, such as alanine transarninase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bile acid, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. The underlying mechanisms were investigated by a data integration strategy based on correlation analyses of metabonomics data and 16 S rRNA gene sequencing data. ChA or CaA could inhibit the increase of Rumincoccaceae UCG-004 and reduction of Lachnospiraceae incertae sedis, and Prevotella 9 in HCC rats. The principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis were applied to reveal the metabolic differences among these groups. 28 different metabolites showed a trend to return to normal in both CaA and ChA treatment. Among them, Bilirubin, L-Tyrosine, L-Methionine and Ethanolamine were correlated increased Rumincoccaceae UCG-004 and decreased of Lachnospiraceae incertae sedis and Prevotella 9. These correlations could be identified as metabolic and microbial signatures of HCC onset and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Hygiene Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Shanlei Qiao
- Department of Hygiene Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Wu
- Department of Hygiene Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Shuyuan Cao
- Department of Hygiene Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hygiene Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojian Su
- Nanjing entry-exit inspection and quarantine bureau, 110 Jiangjun Avenue, Nanjing, 211106, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Hygiene Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
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