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Yan M, Yang R, Li Q, Wang C, Chen J, Wu Z, Li H, Fan J. Anti-angiogenic and antitumor effects of anlotinib combined with bevacizumab for colorectal cancer. Transl Oncol 2024; 41:101887. [PMID: 38262112 PMCID: PMC10832611 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progression and metastasis of tumors are typically accompanied by angiogenesis. Crucially, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors (VEGFRs) play a significant role in tumor-associated angiogenesis. In this study, the aim was to investigate the antitumor effect of combining bevacizumab (Bev) with anlotinib (An) on colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS The CCK-8 assay, EdU assay, and Annexin V staining were conducted to evaluate the proliferation and apoptosis of CRC cells in vitro. The migration capability of CRC cells and HUVECs was assessed using the Transwell assay. Additionally, the tube formation capability of HUVECs was investigated. Furthermore, the antitumor and antiangiogenic effects were evaluated in the BALB/c mice model using immunohistochemistry, TUNEL staining, and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging. Finally, we analyzed the inhibitory effect of Bev and/or An on related signaling effectors through western blotting. RESULTS The in vivo CRC mice model revealed that the combination of Bev + An significantly suppressed tumor formation and angiogenesis. Bev + An inhibited tumor glucose metabolism and increased the median survival period in tumor-bearing mice. Mechanistically, the expressions of VEGF, VEGFR2, PDGFR, and FGFR, as well as the phosphorylation levels of AKT, were inhibited after Bev+An treatment. In conclusion, the dual vertical targeting of VEGF and VEGFR in the CRC mice model strongly inhibited tumor growth and angiogenesis, with the suppression of the AKT signaling pathway playing a partial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province 646000, PR China
| | - Ronghao Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province 646000, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Oncology, the SanTai County People's Hospital, Santai 621100, PR China
| | - Chenjie Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province 646000, PR China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province 646000, PR China
| | - Zhenying Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province 646000, PR China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province 646000, PR China
| | - Juan Fan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province 646000, PR China.
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Hu G, Lin C, Gao K, Chen M, Long F, Tian B. Exosomal circCOL1A1 promotes angiogenesis via recruiting EIF4A3 protein and activating Smad2/3 pathway in colorectal cancer. Mol Med 2023; 29:155. [PMID: 37940881 PMCID: PMC10633966 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third frequently diagnosed cancer with high incidence and mortality rate worldwide. Our previous report has demonstrated that circCOL1A1 (hsa_circ_0044556) functions as an oncogene in CRC, and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis has also revealed the strong association between circCOL1A1 and angiogenesis. However, the mechanism of circCOL1A1 or exosomal circCOL1A1 in CRC angiogenesis remains elusive. METHODS Purified exosomes from CRC cells were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analyzing, electron microscopy and western blot. qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry or western blot were employed to test the expression of circCOL1A1, EIF4A3, Smad pathway and angiogenic markers. Cell proliferation of HUVECs was monitored by CCK-8 assay. The migratory and angiogenic capabilities of HUVECs were detected by wound healing and tube formation assay, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pull-down and FISH assays were used to detect the interactions among circCOL1A1, EIF4A3 and Smad2/3 mRNA. The in vitro findings were verified in xenograft model. RESULTS CRC cell-derived exosomal circCOL1A1 promoted angiogenesis of HUVECs via recruiting EIF4A3. EIF4A3 was elevated in CRC tissues, and it stimulated angiogenesis of HUVECs through directly binding and stabilizing Smad2/3 mRNA. Moreover, exosomal circCOL1A1 promoted angiogenesis via inducing Smad2/3 signaling pathway in vitro, and it also accelerated tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo. CONCLUSION CRC cell-derived exosomal circCOL1A1 promoted angiogenesis via recruiting EIF4A3 and activating Smad2/3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Changwei Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Kai Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Fei Long
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Buning Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, P.R. China.
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Anti-PTK7 Monoclonal Antibodies Inhibit Angiogenesis by Suppressing PTK7 Function. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184463. [PMID: 36139622 PMCID: PMC9496920 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary PTK7 is a catalytically defective receptor protein tyrosine kinase. We previously demonstrated that PTK7 enhances angiogenesis by interacting with KDR, a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor important for angiogenesis, and activating it through oligomerization. To control angiogenesis by inhibiting PTK7 function, we developed anti-PTK7 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The selected PTK7 mAbs reduced VEGF-induced angiogenic phenotypes of endothelial cells and angiogenesis ex vivo and in vivo. The PTK7 mAbs also inhibited VEGF-induced KDR activation in endothelial cells and its downstream signaling and PTK7–KDR interaction. Our results show that the PTK7 mAbs inhibit angiogenesis by blocking PTK7 function. Therefore, PTK7 mAbs could be applied as therapeutics to control angiogenesis-associated diseases such as metastatic cancers. Abstract PTK7, a catalytically defective receptor protein tyrosine kinase, promotes angiogenesis by activating KDR through direct interaction and induction of KDR oligomerization. This study developed anti-PTK7 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to regulate angiogenesis by inhibiting PTK7 function. The effect of anti-PTK7 mAbs on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenic phenotypes in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) was examined. Analysis of mAb binding with PTK7 deletion mutants revealed that mAb-43 and mAb-52 recognize immunoglobulin (Ig) domain 2 of PTK7, whereas mAb-32 and mAb-50 recognize Ig domains 6–7. Anti-PTK7 mAbs inhibited VEGF-induced adhesion and wound healing in HUVECs. mAb-32, mAb-43, and mAb-52 dose-dependently mitigated VEGF-induced migration and invasion in HUVECs without exerting cytotoxic effects. Additionally, mAb-32, mAb-43, and mAb-52 inhibited capillary-like tube formation in HUVECs, and mAb-32 and mAb-43 suppressed angiogenesis ex vivo (aortic ring assay) and in vivo (Matrigel plug assay). Furthermore, mAb-32 and mAb-43 downregulated VEGF-induced KDR activation and downstream signaling and inhibited PTK7–KDR interaction in PTK7-overexpressing and KDR-overexpressing HEK293 cells. Thus, anti-PTK7 mAbs inhibit angiogenic phenotypes by blocking PTK7–KDR interaction. These findings indicate that anti-PTK7 mAbs that neutralize PTK7 function can alleviate impaired angiogenesis-associated pathological conditions, such as cancer metastasis.
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Colon Cancer Pharmacogenetics: A Narrative Review. PHARMACY 2022; 10:pharmacy10040095. [PMID: 36005935 PMCID: PMC9413567 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy10040095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, metastatic colon cancer is treated with monotherapeutic regimens such as folinic acid, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX), capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CapeOX), and leucovorin, fluorouracil, and irinotecan hydrochloride (FOLFIRI). Other treatments include biological therapies and immunotherapy with drugs such as bevacizumab, panitumumab, cetuximab, and pembrolizumab. After the research, it was found that some mutations make those treatments not as effective in all patients. In this bibliographic review, we investigated the pharmacogenetic explanations for how mutations in the genes coding for rat sarcoma virus (RAS) and rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (RAF) reduce the effectiveness of these treatments and allow the continued proliferation of tumors. Furthermore, we note that patients with mutations in the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPDY) gene usually require lower doses of therapies such as 5-fluorouracyl (5-FU) and capecitabine to avoid severe adverse effects. Some other mutations in the thymidylate synthase gene (TSYM), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR), and ATP binding cassette transporter B (ABCB1 and ABCB2) affect efficacy and security of the treatments. It is important to address the clinical implication of the oncologist in the study of gene mutations than can influence in the antitumoral response and safety of colon cancer treatments.
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Amilca-Seba K, Tan TZ, Thiery JP, Louadj L, Thouroude S, Bouygues A, Sabbah M, Larsen AK, Denis JA. Osteopontin (OPN/SPP1), a Mediator of Tumor Progression, Is Regulated by the Mesenchymal Transcription Factor Slug/SNAI2 in Colorectal Cancer (CRC). Cells 2022; 11:cells11111808. [PMID: 35681502 PMCID: PMC9180003 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Expression of the transcription factor Slug/SNAI2 is associated with the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and is correlated with poorer disease-free survival in colorectal cancer (CRC). In order to decipher the basis for the Slug-mediated aggressive phenotype, we conducted RNAseq experiments with a panel of HT-29 CRC cells expressing different levels of Slug, both in vitro and in tumor models. Osteopontin (OPN), a mediator associated with tumor progression in different tumor types, was among the top upregulated genes in both cells and tumors and was the most overexpressed gene coding for a secreted protein. We further show that Slug is a direct regulator of osteopontin via binding to the OPN promoter. Interestingly, Slug expression and osteopontin secretion were correlated in vitro, as well as in tumor models, suggesting that liquid biopsies may be useful in estimating the aggressiveness phenotype of the tumor. Abstract In colorectal cancer (CRC), disease-related death is closely linked to tumor aggressiveness and metastasis. Gene expression profiling of patient tumors has suggested that a more mesenchymal phenotype, present in about one-fourth of all patients, is associated with increased aggressiveness. Accordingly, the mesenchymal transcription factor Slug/SNAI2 has been associated with decreased disease-free survival. To decipher the basis for the Slug-mediated phenotype, we conducted RNAseq experiments with a panel of HT-29 CRC cells expressing different levels of Slug, both in vitro and in tumor models. The results show that osteopontin, a secreted pleotropic protein involved in multiple steps of colorectal cancer progression, was highly upregulated by Slug in vitro, as well as in vivo. We further show that Slug is a direct regulator of osteopontin at the promoter level. The levels of secreted osteopontin were correlated with Slug expression, thereby linking the tumor phenotype to a biomarker available by liquid biopsies. The results also suggest that osteopontin neutralization may attenuate at least some of the Slug-mediated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katyana Amilca-Seba
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75571 Paris, France; (K.A.-S.); (L.L.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.K.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, 75012 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Center for Translational Medicine, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
| | | | - Lila Louadj
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75571 Paris, France; (K.A.-S.); (L.L.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.K.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, 75012 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Thouroude
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75571 Paris, France; (K.A.-S.); (L.L.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.K.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, 75012 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anaïs Bouygues
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75571 Paris, France; (K.A.-S.); (L.L.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.K.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, 75012 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Michèle Sabbah
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75571 Paris, France; (K.A.-S.); (L.L.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.K.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, 75012 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 75016 Paris, France
| | - Annette K. Larsen
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75571 Paris, France; (K.A.-S.); (L.L.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.K.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, 75012 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 75016 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme A. Denis
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75571 Paris, France; (K.A.-S.); (L.L.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (A.K.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, 75012 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology and Oncology Biochemistry, Pitié-Salpetrière Hospital, 075013 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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Yamamoto S, Nagashima K, Kawakami T, Mitani S, Komoda M, Tsuji Y, Izawa N, Kawakami K, Yamamoto Y, Makiyama A, Yamazaki K, Masuishi T, Esaki T, Nakajima TE, Okuda H, Moriwaki T, Boku N. Second-line chemotherapy after early disease progression during first-line chemotherapy containing bevacizumab for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1159. [PMID: 34715820 PMCID: PMC8555183 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08890-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ML18174 study, which showed benefits of bevacizumab (BEV) continuation beyond progression (BBP) for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), excluded patients with first-line progression-free survival (PFS) shorter than 3 months. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of second-line chemotherapy after early disease progression during first-line chemotherapy containing bevacizumab. Methods The subjects of this study were mCRC patients who experienced disease progression < 100 days from commencement of first-line chemotherapy containing BEV initiated between Apr 2007 and Dec 2016. Second-line chemotherapy regimens were classified into two groups with and without BEV/other anti-angiogenic agents (BBP and non-BBP) and efficacy and safety were compared using univariate and multivariate analysis. Results Sixty-one patients were identified as subjects of this study. Baseline characteristics were numerically different between BBP (n = 37) and non-BBP (n = 25) groups, such as performance status (0–1/> 2/unknown: 89/8/3 and 56/40/4%), RAS status (wild/mutant/unknown: 32/54/16 and 76/16/8%). Response rate was 8.6% in BBP group and 9.1% in non-BBP group (p = 1.00). Median PFS was 3.9 months in BBP group and 2.8 months in non-BBP group (HR [95%CI]: 0.79 [0.46–1.34], p = 0.373, adjusted HR: 0.87 [0.41–1.82], p = 0.707). Median overall survival was 8.5 months in BBP group and 5.4 months in non-BBP group (HR 0.66 [0.38–1.12], p = 0.125, adjusted HR 0.53 [0.27–1.07], p = 0.078). Conclusion In mCRC patients who experienced early progression in first-line chemotherapy, second-line chemotherapy showed poor clinical outcomes regardless use of anti-angiogenic agents. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08890-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yamamoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 1040045, Japan.,Department of Head and Neck, Esophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 1040045, Japan
| | - Kengo Nagashima
- Research Center for Medical and Health Data Science, the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tokyo, 1908562, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawakami
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, 4118777, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Mitani
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi, 4648681, Japan
| | - Masato Komoda
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Medical Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, 8111395, Japan
| | - Yasushi Tsuji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tonan Hospital, Hokkaido, 0600004, Japan
| | - Naoki Izawa
- Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Marianna University School of Medical Hospital, Kanagawa, 2168511, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawakami
- Department of Medical Oncology, Keiyukai Sapporo Hospital, Hokkaido, 0030027, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Yamamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 3058575, Japan
| | - Akitaka Makiyama
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, 8068501, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamazaki
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, 4118777, Japan
| | - Toshiki Masuishi
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi, 4648681, Japan
| | - Taito Esaki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Medical Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, 8111395, Japan
| | - Takako Eguchi Nakajima
- Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Marianna University School of Medical Hospital, Kanagawa, 2168511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okuda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Keiyukai Sapporo Hospital, Hokkaido, 0030027, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Moriwaki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 3058575, Japan
| | - Narikazu Boku
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 1040045, Japan. .,Department of Medical Oncology and General Medicine, IMS Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1088639, Japan.
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Feng H, Jin Z, Liang J, Zhao Q, Zhan L, Yang Z, Yan J, Kuang J, Cheng X, Qiu W. FOXK2 transcriptionally activating VEGFA induces apatinib resistance in anaplastic thyroid cancer through VEGFA/VEGFR1 pathway. Oncogene 2021; 40:6115-6129. [PMID: 34489549 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01830-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare and extremely aggressive type of thyroid cancer, and the potential mechanisms involved in ATC progression remains unclarified. In this study, we found that forkhead box K2 (FOXK2) was upregulated in ATC tissues, and the expression of FOXK2 was associated with tumor size. Evidenced by RNA-seq and Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-seq assays, FOXK2 positively regulated VEGF and VEGFR signaling network, among which only VEGFA could be noticed in both RNA-seq and ChIP-seq results. ChIP, dual-luciferase reporter system and functional experiments further confirmed that FOXK2 promoted angiogenesis by inducing the transcription of VEGFA. On VEGFR2 blockage by specific targeting agent, such as Apatinib, FOXK2 could rapidly trigger therapeutic resistance. Mechanical analyses revealed that VEGFA transcriptionally induced by FOXK2 could bind to VEGFR1 as a compensation for VEGFR2 blockage, which promoted angiogenesis by activating ERK, PI3K/AKT and P38/MAPK signaling in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Synergic effect on anti-angiogenesis could be observed when VEGFR1 suppressor AF321 was included in VEGFR2 inhibition system, which clarified the pivot role of FOXK2 in VEGFR2 targeting therapy resistance. More importantly, the binding of VEGFA to VEGFR1 could further promoter FOXK2-mediated VEGFA transcription, which consequently constituted a positive feedback loop. Therefore, the novel loop VEGFA/VEGFR1/FOXK2 functioned importantly in resistance to VEGFR2 targeting therapy in FOXK2+ ATCs. Altogether, FOXK2 plays critical roles in ATC angiogenesis and VEGFR2 blockage resistance by inducing VEGFA transcription. FOXK2 represents a potentially new therapeutic strategy and biomarker for anti-angiogenic therapy against ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijian Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juyong Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwu Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhan
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheyu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiqi Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Kuang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weihua Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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8
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Lin LW, Lai PS, Chen YY, Chen CY. Expression of astrocyte-elevated gene-1 indicates prognostic value of fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy in resectable stage III colorectal cancer. Pathol Int 2021; 71:752-764. [PMID: 34528330 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is unclear which prognostic factor such as pathological features and gene mutation are majorly relevant for stage III disease and whether they aid in determining patients who will be benefit from postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The expression of astrocyte-elevated gene-1 (AEG-1), thymidylate synthase (TS), excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was examined to investigate their role in adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with resectable stage III colorectal cancer (CRC). A significant positive correlation was observed between AEG-1, TS, ERCC1, EGFR, and VEGF gene expression levels in CRC cell lines, and low AEG-1 and TS expression were highly sensitive to 5-fluorouracil treatment. Our results showed that AEG-1 expression was high in T4 and caused CRC recurrence or metastasis. Patients with T4, high AEG-1, TS and VEGF expression had a significantly short disease-free survival and overall survival. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, high AEG-1 expression could be an independent prognostic factor indicating poor survival in patients with resectable stage III CRC treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. In conclusion, AEG-1 expression and tumor grade are potential prognostic factors for recurrence and survival in patients with stage III CRC receiving adjuvant fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Wei Lin
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Sheng Lai
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Yin Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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9
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Gao J, Li F, Liu Z, Huang M, Chen H, Liao G, Meng J, Wang Q, Zhao H, Li C, Ji J, Cai S, Du N. Multiple genetic variants predict the progression-free survival of bevacizumab plus chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27130. [PMID: 34477158 PMCID: PMC8415939 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bevacizumab (BV) plus chemotherapy is broadly used in advanced ovarian cancer (OC). However, the efficacy of BV-based regimens for advanced OC patients is not satisfactory. Therefore, it is urgent to explore the predictive genetic biomarkers for BV.Tumor tissues from advanced OC patients receiving BV-based regimens were analyzed with a 150-gene targeted panel for next generation sequencing. The associations between gene alterations or clinicopathology features and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curves or Cox regression. The association of the genetic alteration in potential predictive genes and expressions of 11 vascular endothelial growth factor-related genes were analyzed in The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort using 292 OC cases.Sixty two Chinese advanced OC patients treated with BV-based therapy were included. The median PFS of was 6.9 months, and objective response rate was 14.5%. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, the status of endothelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) (hazard ratio = 6.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.25-18.13, P < .001) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) (hazard ratio = 3.58, 95% CI 1.27-10.08, P = .016) were significantly correlated with PFS. MYC Proto-Oncogene amplification seemed to have a positive trend (hazard ratio = 0.21, 95% CI 0.05-1.02, P = .052). Moreover, EGFR and HER2 alterations were not prognostic factors of overall survival for OC in The Cancer Genome Atlas OC cohort. The vascular endothelial growth factor-related signature analysis indicated vascular endothelial factor A expression was upregulated with EGFR alterations (P = .034) which may be involved in BV resistance, and HER2 alterations were associated with hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha overexpression significantly (P = .029).EGFR or HER2 alterations are negative predictors of PFS for OC patient treated with BV plus chemotherapy. Therefore, the clinicians may consider to use alternative regimens such as anti-EGFR or anti-HER2 targeted therapy instead of BV-based regimens on these patients when standard care fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, China
| | - Zihao Liu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, China
| | - Mengli Huang
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Huoming Chen
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA Rocket General Hospital, China
| | - Guoqing Liao
- Department of Oncology, The 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, China
| | - Jichang Meng
- Department of Oncology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qing Wang
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, China
| | - Jing Ji
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Shangli Cai
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Du
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, China
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10
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Mebed R, Ali YB, Shehata N, El-Guendy N, Gamal N, Zekri AR, Sabet S. Combining Bevacizumab with knocked-down β-catenin reduces VEGF-A and Slug mRNA in HepG2 but not in Caco-2 cell lines. Curr Mol Med 2021; 22:374-383. [PMID: 34429048 DOI: 10.2174/1573405617666210824120618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bevacizumab (Bev) resistance is hypothesized to be overcome by combination with inhibitors of other signalling pathways. OBJECTIVE We aimed to study the effect of combining Bev with knocked down β-catenin (Bev-β-cat-siRNA) on the expression of VEGF-A, Slug, NFКB and its two target genes c-Flip and FasR in HepG2. Expression of VEGF-A and Slug was also studied in Caco-2 cells. METHODS Cultured cells were divided into six groups 1) cells treated with Bev only 2) cells treated with β-catenin-siRNA 3) cells treated with Bev-β-cat-siRNA 4) cells treated with negative control 5) cells treated with Bev-negative control and untreated cells. Expressions were assessed using qPCR and western blotting. RESULTS Bev-β-cat-siRNA significantly reduced the mRNA level of VEGF-A, which was initially increased in response to Bev alone in HepG2 but not in Caco-2. Additionally, Bev-β-cat-siRNA significantly decreased Slug mRNA level compared to Bev only treated HepG2 cells. In contrast, VEGF-A and Slug mRNA levels in Bev only group were remarkably lower than Bev-β-cat-siRNA in Caco-2 cells. Distinct β-catenin and Slug protein expressions were noticed in HepG2 and Caco-2 cells. On the other hand, Bev-β-cat-siRNA remarkably reduced the level of NFКB, FasR and c-Flip compared to Bev only treated HepG2 cells although the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION We conclude that, combining Bevacizumab with knocked down β-catenin reduce the expression of VEGF-A and Slug in HepG2 but not in Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Mebed
- Chemical control unit, National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals, Cairo. Egypt
| | - Yasser Bm Ali
- Molecular Biology unit, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City. Egypt
| | - Nahla Shehata
- Lot release unit, National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals, Cairo. Egypt
| | - Nadia El-Guendy
- Department of Cancer Biology, National Institute of Cancer, Cairo University. Egypt
| | - Nahla Gamal
- Department of Applied Research, Research & Development Sector, VACSERA, Cairo. Egypt
| | - Abdel-Rahman Zekri
- Department of Cancer Biology, National Institute of Cancer, Cairo University. Egypt
| | - Salwa Sabet
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University. Egypt
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11
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Gaggianesi M, Di Franco S, Pantina VD, Porcelli G, D'Accardo C, Verona F, Veschi V, Colarossi L, Faldetta N, Pistone G, Bongiorno MR, Todaro M, Stassi G. Messing Up the Cancer Stem Cell Chemoresistance Mechanisms Supported by Tumor Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:702642. [PMID: 34354950 PMCID: PMC8330815 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.702642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent advances in cancer patient management and in the development of targeted therapies, systemic chemotherapy is currently used as a first-line treatment for many cancer types. After an initial partial response, patients become refractory to standard therapy fostering rapid tumor progression. Compelling evidence highlights that the resistance to chemotherapeutic regimens is a peculiarity of a subpopulation of cancer cells within tumor mass, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). This cellular compartment is endowed with tumor-initiating and metastasis formation capabilities. CSC chemoresistance is sustained by a plethora of grow factors and cytokines released by neighboring tumor microenvironment (TME), which is mainly composed by adipocytes, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), immune and endothelial cells. TME strengthens CSC refractoriness to standard and targeted therapies by enhancing survival signaling pathways, DNA repair machinery, expression of drug efflux transporters and anti-apoptotic proteins. In the last years many efforts have been made to understand CSC-TME crosstalk and develop therapeutic strategy halting this interplay. Here, we report the combinatorial approaches, which perturb the interaction network between CSCs and the different component of TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Gaggianesi
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simone Di Franco
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Davide Pantina
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetana Porcelli
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina D'Accardo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Verona
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Veronica Veschi
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Naida Faldetta
- Department of Surgery, Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pistone
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Bongiorno
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Matilde Todaro
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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12
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MicroRNA-Based Therapeutics for Drug-Resistant Colorectal Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020136. [PMID: 33567635 PMCID: PMC7915952 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although therapeutic approaches for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) have improved in the past decades, the problem of drug resistance still persists and acts as a major obstacle for effective therapy. Many studies have shown that drug resistance is related to reduced drug uptake, modification of drug targets, and/or transformation of cell cycle checkpoints. A growing body of evidence indicates that several microRNAs (miRNAs) may contribute to the drug resistance to chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy by regulating the drug resistance-related target genes in CRC. These drug resistance-related miRNAs may be used as promising biomarkers for predicting drug response or as potential therapeutic targets for treating patients with CRC. In this review, we summarized the recent discoveries regarding anti-cancer drug-related miRNAs and their molecular mechanisms in CRC. Furthermore, we discussed the challenges associated with the clinical application of miRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis of drug-resistant patients and as therapeutic targets for CRC treatment.
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13
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Shaik F, Cuthbert GA, Homer-Vanniasinkam S, Muench SP, Ponnambalam S, Harrison MA. Structural Basis for Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Activation and Implications for Disease Therapy. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121673. [PMID: 33333800 PMCID: PMC7765180 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) bind to membrane receptors on a wide variety of cells to regulate diverse biological responses. The VEGF-A family member promotes vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, processes which are essential for vascular development and physiology. As angiogenesis can be subverted in many disease states, including tumour development and progression, there is much interest in understanding the mechanistic basis for how VEGF-A regulates cell and tissue function. VEGF-A binds with high affinity to two VEGF receptor tyrosine kinases (VEGFR1, VEGFR2) and with lower affinity to co-receptors called neuropilin-1 and neuropilin-2 (NRP1, NRP2). Here, we use a structural viewpoint to summarise our current knowledge of VEGF-VEGFR activation and signal transduction. As targeting VEGF-VEGFR activation holds much therapeutic promise, we examine the structural basis for anti-angiogenic therapy using small-molecule compounds such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors that block VEGFR activation and downstream signalling. This review provides a rational basis towards reconciling VEGF and VEGFR structure and function in developing new therapeutics for a diverse range of ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Shaik
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-207-8824207
| | - Gary A. Cuthbert
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (G.A.C.); (S.H.-V.); (M.A.H.)
| | | | - Stephen P. Muench
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | | | - Michael A. Harrison
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (G.A.C.); (S.H.-V.); (M.A.H.)
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14
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Chandra A, Rick J, Yagnik G, Aghi MK. Autophagy as a mechanism for anti-angiogenic therapy resistance. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 66:75-88. [PMID: 31472232 PMCID: PMC7047534 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal-dependent degradation process that is highly conserved and maintains cellular homeostasis by sequestering cytosolic material for degradation either non-specifically by non-selective autophagy, or targeting specific proteins aggregates by selective autophagy. Autophagy serves as a protective mechanism defending the cell from stressors and also plays an important role in enabling tumor cells to overcome harsh conditions arising in their microenvironment during growth as well as oxidative and non-oxidative injuries secondary to therapeutic stressors. Recently, autophagy has been implicated to cause tumor resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy, joining an existing literature implicating autophagy in cancer resistance to conventional DNA damaging chemotherapy and ionizing radiation. In this review, we discuss the role of angiogenesis in malignancy, mechanisms of resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy in general, the role of autophagy in driving malignancy, and the current literature in autophagy-mediated anti-angiogenic therapy resistance. Finally, we provide future insight into the current challenges of using autophagy inhibitors in the clinic and provides tips for future studies to focus on to effectively target autophagy in overcoming resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Chandra
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America (USA); School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America (USA).
| | - Jonathan Rick
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America (USA).
| | - Garima Yagnik
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America (USA).
| | - Manish K Aghi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America (USA).
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15
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Kennedy SA, Morrissey ME, Dunne MR, O'Connell F, Butler CT, Cathcart MC, Buckley AM, Mehigan BJ, Larkin JO, McCormick P, Kennedy BN, O'Sullivan J. Combining 1,4-dihydroxy quininib with Bevacizumab/FOLFOX alters angiogenic and inflammatory secretions in ex vivo colorectal tumors. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:952. [PMID: 33008336 PMCID: PMC7532092 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07430-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide with one in every five patients diagnosed with metastatic CRC (mCRC). In mCRC cases, the 5-year survival rate remains at approximately 14%, reflecting the lack of effectiveness of currently available treatments such as the anti-VEGF targeting antibody Bevacizumab combined with the chemotherapy folinic acid, fluorouracil and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX). Approximately 60% of patients do not respond to this combined treatment. Furthermore, Bevacizumab inhibits dendritic cell (DC) maturation in poor responders, a key process for tumor eradication. Method Following drug treatment, secreted expression levels of angiogenic and inflammatory markers in tumor conditioned media generated from human ex vivo colorectal tumors were measured by ELISA. Dendritic cell phenotypic and maturation markers were assessed by flow cytometry. Results Our novel compound, 1,4-dihydroxy quininib, acts in an alternative pathway compared to the approved therapy Bevacizumab. 1,4-dihydroxy quininib alone, and in combination with Bevacizumab or FOLFOX significantly reduced TIE-2 expression which is involved in the promotion of tumor vascularization. Combination treatment with 1,4-dihydroxy quininib significantly increased the expression level of DC phenotypic and maturation markers. Conclusion Our results indicate the anti-angiogenic small molecule 1,4-dihydroxy quininib could be an alternative novel treatment in combination therapy for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Kennedy
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Maria E Morrissey
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Margaret R Dunne
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Fiona O'Connell
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Clare T Butler
- UCD Conway Institute & UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mary-Clare Cathcart
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Amy M Buckley
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Breandán N Kennedy
- UCD Conway Institute & UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jacintha O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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16
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Kaur N, Goyal A, Sindhu RK. Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies in Clinical Practice against Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:1895-1907. [PMID: 32619180 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200703191653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The importance of monoclonal antibodies in oncology has increased drastically following the discovery of Milstein and Kohler. Since the first approval of the monoclonal antibody, i.e. Rituximab in 1997 by the FDA, there was a decline in further applications but this number has significantly increased over the last three decades for various therapeutic applications due to the lesser side effects in comparison to the traditional chemotherapy methods. Presently, numerous monoclonal antibodies have been approved and many are in queue for approval as a strong therapeutic agent for treating hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. The main target checkpoints for the monoclonal antibodies against cancer cells include EGFR, VEGF, CD and tyrosine kinase which are overexpressed in malignant cells. Other immune checkpoints like CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-1 receptors targeted by the recently developed antibodies increase the capability of the immune system in destroying the cancerous cells. Here, in this review, the mechanism of action, uses and target points of the approved mAbs against cancer have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navgeet Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India,M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala-133207, Haryana, India
| | - Anju Goyal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Rakesh K Sindhu
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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17
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Zebrafish xenografts as a fast screening platform for bevacizumab cancer therapy. Commun Biol 2020; 3:299. [PMID: 32523131 PMCID: PMC7286887 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite promising preclinical results, average response rates to anti-VEGF therapies, such as bevacizumab, are reduced for most cancers, while incurring in remarkable costs and side effects. Currently, there are no biomarkers available to select patients that can benefit from this therapy. Depending on the individual tumor, anti-VEGF therapies can either block or promote metastasis. In this context, an assay able to predict individual responses prior to treatment, including the impact on metastasis would prove of great value to guide treatment options. Here we show that zebrafish xenografts are able to reveal different responses to bevacizumab in just 4 days, evaluating not only individual tumor responses but also the impact on angiogenesis and micrometastasis. Importantly, we perform proof-of-concept experiments where clinical responses in patients were compared with their matching zebrafish Patient-Derived Xenografts - zAvatars, opening the possibility of using the zebrafish model to screen bevacizumab therapy in a personalized manner. Rebelo de Almeida et al. describe the application of zebrafish tumor xenografts (zAvatars) to analyse the efficacy of bevacizumab (FDA approved drug) to treat cancer patients with highly variable outcomes. The authors suggest that these zAvatars could be used as a predictive model to determine whether or not bevacizumab treatment would be efficient for individual patients.
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18
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Zhou Q, Perakis SO, Ulz P, Mohan S, Riedl JM, Talakic E, Lax S, Tötsch M, Hoefler G, Bauernhofer T, Pichler M, Gerger A, Geigl JB, Heitzer E, Speicher MR. Cell-free DNA analysis reveals POLR1D-mediated resistance to bevacizumab in colorectal cancer. Genome Med 2020; 12:20. [PMID: 32087735 PMCID: PMC7036260 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-020-0719-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody against soluble VEGFA, is an approved and commonly administered anti-angiogenic drug in patients with metastasized colorectal cancer (mCRC). The survival benefit of anti-VEGF therapy in mCRC patients is limited to a few months, and acquired resistance mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we employed whole-genome sequencing of plasma DNA to evaluate the tumor genome of patients undergoing treatment with bevacizumab to determine novel aberrations associated with resistance. Methods Using longitudinal plasma analyses, we studied the evolution of tumor genomes in a mCRC cohort (n = 150) and conducted analyses of CRC cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database (n = 619) to identify associations between genomic aberrations and clinical features. We employed whole-genome sequencing to identify the most frequently occurring focal somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs). Using the TCGA data as a comparative and supporting dataset, we defined the minimally amplified overlapping region and studied the mechanistic consequences of copy number gain of the involved genes in this segment. In addition, we established an in vitro cell model and conducted downstream gene expression and cell viability assays to confirm our findings from the patient dataset. Results We observed a recurrent focal amplification (8.7% of cases) on chromosome 13q12.2. Analysis of CRC cases from the TCGA database suggested that this amplicon is associated with more advanced stages. We confirmed that this 13q12.2 amplicon frequently emerges later during the clinical course of disease. After defining the minimally amplified region, we observed that the amplification and expression of one gene, POLR1D, impacted cell proliferation and resulted in upregulation of VEGFA, an important regulator of angiogenesis which has been implicated in the resistance to bevacizumab treatment. In fact, in several patients, we observed the emergence of this 13q12.2 amplicon under bevacizumab treatment, which was invariably associated with therapy resistance. Conclusions Non-invasive analyses of cell-free DNA from patients undergoing treatment with bevacizumab enabled the tracking of evolving tumor genomes and helped identify a recurrent focal SCNA of clinical relevance. Here, we describe a novel resistance mechanism against a widely applied treatment in patients with mCRC which will impact the clinical management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Samantha O Perakis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Ulz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Present address: Freenome, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sumitra Mohan
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Present address: Cancer Research UK-Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Jakob M Riedl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Emina Talakic
- Division of General Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sigurd Lax
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital Graz II, Graz, Austria.,Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Martin Tötsch
- Institute of Pathology, General Hospital Hochsteiermark, Leoben, Austria
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Bauernhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Gerger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jochen B Geigl
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ellen Heitzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Liquid Biopsies for Early Detection of Cancer, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael R Speicher
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. .,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
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19
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Safety and Tolerability of Anti-Angiogenic Protein Kinase Inhibitors and Vascular-Disrupting Agents in Cancer: Focus on Gastrointestinal Malignancies. Drug Saf 2019; 42:159-179. [PMID: 30649744 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-018-0776-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an essential process for tumor growth and metastasis. Inhibition of angiogenesis as an anticancer strategy has shown significant results in a plethora of tumors. Anti-angiogenic agents are currently part of many standard-of-care options for several metastatic gastrointestinal cancers. Bevacizumab, aflibercept, ramucirumab, and regorafenib have significantly improved both progression-free and overall survival in different lines of treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer. Second-line ramucirumab and third-line apatinib are effective anti-angiogenic treatments for patients with metastatic gastric cancer. Unfortunately, the anti-angiogenic strategy has major practical limitations: resistance inevitably develops through redundancy of signaling pathways and selection for subclonal populations adapted for hypoxic conditions. Anti-angiogenic agents may be more effective in combination therapies, with not only cytotoxics but also other emerging compounds in the anti-angiogenic class or in the separate class of the so-called vascular-disrupting agents. This review aims to provide an overview of the approved and "under development" anti-angiogenic compounds as well as the vascular-disrupting agents in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers, focusing on the actual body of knowledge available on therapy challenges, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic mechanisms, safety profiles, promising predictive biomarkers, and future perspectives.
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20
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Chen D, Gu K, Wang H. Optimizing sequential treatment with anti-EGFR and VEGF mAb in metastatic colorectal cancer: current results and controversies. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:1705-1716. [PMID: 30863179 PMCID: PMC6388996 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s196170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-EGFR mAb (cetuximab or panitumumab) and anti-VEGF mAb (bevacizumab) are the two main targeted agents available for RAS wild-type (WT) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treatment. Nonetheless, three head-to-head clinical trials evaluating anti-EGFR mAb vs -VEGF mAb in first-line treatment failed to conclude a uniform result. Recently, a few small clinical studies revealed that prior use of bevacizumab may impair the effect of cetuximab or panitumumab. Preclinical studies have also suggested that pretreatment with bevacizumab may lead to simultaneous resistance to anti-EGFR mAb. Therefore, we performed this review to summarize the available data regarding the optimal sequential treatment of anti-EGFR and -VEGF mAb for RAS or KRAS WT mCRC and discuss the potential mechanisms that may explain this phenomenon. Primary tumor location and early tumor shrinkage have emerged as new potential prognostic and predictive factors in mCRC. We also collected information to explore whether these factors affect the optimal sequencing of targeted therapy in mCRC. However, definite conclusions cannot be made, and we can only speculate on optimal treatment recommendations based on the contradictory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Datian Chen
- Department of Oncology, Haimen People's Hospital, Haimen, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaikai Gu
- Haimen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haimen, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyu Wang
- Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliatedto Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China,
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21
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Hsu HC, Lapke N, Chen SJ, Lu YJ, Jhou RS, Yeh CY, Tsai WS, Hung HY, Hsieh JCH, Yang TS, Thiam TK, You JF. PTPRT and PTPRD Deleterious Mutations and Deletion Predict Bevacizumab Resistance in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10090314. [PMID: 30200630 PMCID: PMC6162606 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bevacizumab-based regimens are used as standard treatments for colorectal cancer. Unfortunately, there are no established predictive markers for bevacizumab response. Methods: Tumor samples from 36 metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with bevacizumab plus chemotherapy were analyzed by next-generation sequencing of all coding exons of more than 400 genes. Single gene and signaling pathway analyses were performed to correlate genomic data with response. Results: Among the genes most frequently mutated in our cohort, only mutations in PTPRT, a phosphatase involved in JAK/STAT signaling, were associated with response status, with deleterious mutations being enriched in non-responders. Pathway analysis revealed that deleterious mutations in genes of the JAK/STAT pathway, namely in PTPRT and the related gene PTPRD, correlated with resistance. Mutations in RTK/PI3K/RAS, Wnt and TGFβ pathways did not associate with response. Lack of response was observed in all patients with deleterious mutations or copy number loss of PTPRT/PTPRD (n = 10), compared to only 30.8% (n = 8) of patients without such alterations (relative risk, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.83–5.79, p = 0.0003). Similarly, PTPRT/PTPRD deleterious alterations were associated with shorter progression-free survival, an association that was retained in multivariate analysis (HR, 3.33; 95% CI, 1.47–7.54; p = 0.0038). Conclusion: Deleterious alterations in PTPRT/PTPRD are potential biomarkers for bevacizumab resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chih Hsu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Nina Lapke
- ACT Genomics, Neihu Dist., Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Jen Chen
- ACT Genomics, Neihu Dist., Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Jung Lu
- ACT Genomics, Neihu Dist., Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
| | | | - Chien-Yuh Yeh
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan.
- ACT Genomics, Neihu Dist., Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Sy Tsai
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan.
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Yuan Hung
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan.
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan.
| | - Jason Chia-Hsun Hsieh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Tsai-Sheng Yang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan.
| | | | - Jeng-Fu You
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan.
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan.
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22
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Opioids: Modulators of angiogenesis in wound healing and cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:25783-25796. [PMID: 28445930 PMCID: PMC5421968 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids are potent drugs that are widely used to control wound or cancer pain. Increasing evidence suggest that opioids mediate clinically relevant effects that go beyond their classical role as analgesics. Of note, opioids appear to modulate angiogenesis - a process that is critical in wound healing and cancer progression. In this review, we focus on pro- and anti-angiogenic facets of opioids that arise from the activation of individual opioid receptors and the usage of individual concentrations or application routes. We overview the still incompletely elucidated mechanisms of these angiogenic opioid actions. Moreover, we describe plausible opioids effects, which - although not primarily studied in the context of vessel formation - may be related to the opioid-driven processes of angiogenesis. Finally we discuss the use of opioids as an innovative therapeutic avenue for the treatment of chronic wounds and cancer.
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23
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Ibrahim S, Girault A, Ohresser M, Lereclus E, Paintaud G, Lecomte T, Raoul W. Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting the IL-17/IL-17RA Axis: An Opportunity to Improve the Efficiency of Anti-VEGF Therapy in Fighting Metastatic Colorectal Cancer? Clin Colorectal Cancer 2018; 17:e109-e113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Mésange P, Bouygues A, Ferrand N, Sabbah M, Escargueil AE, Savina A, Chibaudel B, Tournigand C, André T, de Gramont A, Larsen AK. Combinations of Bevacizumab and Erlotinib Show Activity in Colorectal Cancer Independent of RAS Status. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:2548-2558. [PMID: 29490990 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: There is extensive cross-talk between VEGF- and EGFR-pathway signaling in colorectal cancer. However, combinations of VEGF- and EGFR-targeted monoclonal antibodies (mAb) show disappointing activity, in particular for patients with mutant RAS Previous results show that tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) can be active in colorectal cancer models resistant to mAbs. This prompted us to examine whether the activity of bevacizumab can be increased by combination with erlotinib.Experimental Design: The antitumor activity of bevacizumab, erlotinib, and their combination was determined in colorectal cancer models with different RAS status and bevacizumab sensitivity. EGFR/VEGF pathway activation was characterized by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and ELISA assays. The influence of cetuximab and erlotinib on EGF-mediated migration and the EGFR-EGF ligand feedback loop was established in colorectal cancer cell lines with different RAS status.Results: The addition of erlotinib increased bevacizumab activity in all models independent of RAS status. Bevacizumab exposure was accompanied by marked EGFR activation in tumor cells as well as in tumor-associated endothelial cells (TECs) and resulted in strong accumulation of intracellular EGFR, which could be attenuated by erlotinib. In cellular models, erlotinib was able to attenuate EGF-mediated functions in all cell lines independent of RAS status while cetuximab only showed activity in RAS wild-type cells.Conclusions: These results should provide a molecular framework to better understand the increased activity of the bevacizumab-erlotinib combination, compared with bevacizumab alone, in the GERCOR DREAM phase III clinical trial. Differential activity of mAbs and TKIs targeting the same signaling pathway is likely applicable for other tumor types. Clin Cancer Res; 24(11); 2548-58. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Mésange
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Anaïs Bouygues
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Ferrand
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Michèle Sabbah
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Alexandre E Escargueil
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Ariel Savina
- Roche Scientific Partnerships, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Benoist Chibaudel
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, Paris, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Hospitalier Franco-Britannique, Levallois-Perret, France
| | - Christophe Tournigand
- Department of Medical Oncology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est, Créteil, France
| | - Thierry André
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Aimery de Gramont
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, Paris, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Hospitalier Franco-Britannique, Levallois-Perret, France
| | - Annette K Larsen
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France. .,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
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25
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Anlotinib inhibits angiogenesis via suppressing the activation of VEGFR2, PDGFRβ and FGFR1. Gene 2018; 654:77-86. [PMID: 29454091 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells recruit vascular endothelial cells and circulating endothelial progenitor cells to form new vessels to support their own growth and metastasis. VEGF, PDGF-BB and FGF-2 are three major pro-angiogenic factors and applied to promote angiogenesis. In this research, we demonstrated that anlotinib, a potent multi-tyrosine kinases inhibitor (TKI), showed a significant inhibitory effect on VEGF/PDGF-BB/FGF-2-induced angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Wound healing assay, chamber directional migration assay and tube formation assay indicated that anlotinib inhibited VEGF/PDGF-BB/FGF-2-induced cell migration and formation of capillary-like tubes in endothelial cells. Furthermore, anlotinib suppressed blood vessels sprout and microvessel density in rat aortic ring assay and chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Importantly, according to our study, the anti-angiogenic effect of anlotinib is superior to sunitinib, sorafenib and nintedanib, which are three main anti-angiogenesis drugs in clinic. Mechanistically, anlotinib inhibits the activation of VEGFR2, PDGFRβ and FGFR1 as well their common downstream ERK signaling. Therefore, anlotinib is a potential agent to inhibit angiogenesis and be applied to tumor therapy.
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26
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Ulivi P, Marisi G, Passardi A. Relationship between hypoxia and response to antiangiogenic therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46678-46691. [PMID: 27081084 PMCID: PMC5216829 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer remains a major public health problem worldwide. Despite the introduction of antiangiogenic drugs for the treatment of metastatic disease, a large number of issues remains unresolved. In particular, studies on predictive biomarkers of response and pathways of resistance to these agents are lacking, making it difficult to accurately select candidates for treatment. Hypoxia is the prime driving force for tumor angiogenesis and a vicious cycle between hypoxia and angiogenesis can be observed in tumors. Anti-angiogenic drugs act inhibiting tumor vasculature and, as consequence, inducing hypoxia. However, hypoxia could, in turn, induce an increase of metastatic potential of cells and a series of phenomena that could induce drug resistance. In the present review biological mechanisms of hypoxia and its relation with angiogenesis, and resistance to antiangiogenic therapy will be discussed. Moreover, data from clinical trials on antiangiogenic drugs in metastatic colorectal cancer will be reviewed, and the role of hypoxia in monitoring the response to treatment will be analysed. Combination strategies using anti-angiogenic and hypoxia inhibiting drugs are also discussed as they constitute promising field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ulivi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Giorgia Marisi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Alessandro Passardi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
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27
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Huang H, Song J, Liu Z, Pan L, Xu G. Autophagy activation promotes bevacizumab resistance in glioblastoma by suppressing Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:1487-1494. [PMID: 29434840 PMCID: PMC5774481 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are the most common primary and malignant brain tumors. The standard therapy includes surgery and radiotherapy plus chemotherapy, with additional bevacizumab to block the angiogenesis in tumors. However, the ever-growing tolerance of glioblastomas to chemotherapeutic drugs impairs the clinical outputs of tumor treatment. The present study investigated the tolerance of glioblastomas to bevacizumab. Although bevacizumab resulted in direct anti-proliferation and pro-apoptosis effects on glioblastoma cells via downregulating the anti-apoptotic proteins and upregulating the pro-apoptotic proteins, tolerance was also encountered that was mainly caused by autophagy induction in tumor cells. The suppressed Akt-mTOR signaling pathway led to the upregulated autophagy process. Blockade of the autophagy process significantly increased the tumor-suppressive effect of bevacizumab on glioblastoma cells. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to report the involvement of autophagy in the tolerance of glioblastomas to bevacizumab. Therefore, autophagy inhibition may be considered a novel way to overcome the tolerance of glioblastomas to anti-angiogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan General Hospital of PLA, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan General Hospital of PLA, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan General Hospital of PLA, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Guozheng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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28
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Yoshii Y, Yoshimoto M, Matsumoto H, Furukawa T, Zhang MR, Inubushi M, Tsuji AB, Fujibayashi Y, Higashi T, Saga T. 64Cu-ATSM internal radiotherapy to treat tumors with bevacizumab-induced vascular decrease and hypoxia in human colon carcinoma xenografts. Oncotarget 2017; 8:88815-88826. [PMID: 29179478 PMCID: PMC5687648 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bevacizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody, is an antiangiogenic agent clinically used for various cancers. However, repeated use of this agent leads to tumor-decreased vascularity and hypoxia with activation of an HIF-1 signaling pathway, which results in drug delivery deficiency and induction of malignant behaviors in tumors. Here, we developed a novel strategy to treat tumors with bevacizumab-induced vascular decrease and hypoxia using 64Cu-diacetyl-bis (N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) (64Cu-ATSM), a potential theranostic agent, which possesses high tissue permeability and can target over-reduced conditions under hypoxia in tumors, with a human colon carcinoma HT-29 tumor-bearing mouse model. The long-term treatment with bevacizumab caused decreased blood vessel density and activation of an HIF-1 signaling pathway; increased uptake of 64Cu-ATSM was also observed despite limited blood vessel density in HT-29 tumors. In vivo high-resolution SPECT/PET/CT imaging confirmed reduced vascularity and increased proportion of 64Cu-ATSM uptake areas within the bevacizumab-treated tumors. 64Cu-ATSM therapy was effective to inhibit tumor growth and prolong survival of the bevacizumab-treated tumor-bearing mice without major adverse effects. In conclusion, 64Cu-ATSM therapy effectively enhanced anti-tumor effects in tumors with bevacizumab-induced vascular decrease and hypoxia. 64Cu-ATSM therapy could represent a novel approach as an add-on to antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Yoshii
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Yoshimoto
- Division of Functional Imaging, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | | | - Takako Furukawa
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Radiological and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inubushi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Atsushi B Tsuji
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Fujibayashi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Saga
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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29
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Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies have deserved a remarkable interest for more than 40 years as a vital tool for the treatment of various diseases. Still, there is a raising interest to develop advanced monoclonal antibody delivery systems able to tailor pharmacokinetics. Bevacizumab is a humanized immunoglobulin IgG1 used in antiangiogenic therapies due to its capacity to inhibit the interaction between vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor. However, bevacizumab-based antiangiogenic therapy is not always effective due to poor treatment compliance associated to multiples administrations and drug resistance. In this work, we show a promising strategy of encapsulating bevacizumab to protect and deliver it, in a controlled manner, increasing the time between administrations and formulation shelf-life. Nanoencapsulation of bevacizumab represents a significant advance for selective antiangiogenic therapies since extracellular, cell surface and intracellular targets can be reached. The present study shows that bevacizumab-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles does not impair its native-like structure after encapsulation and fully retain the bioactivity, making this nanosystem a new paradigm for the improvement of angiogenic therapy.
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30
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Rey S, Schito L, Wouters BG, Eliasof S, Kerbel RS. Targeting Hypoxia-Inducible Factors for Antiangiogenic Cancer Therapy. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:529-541. [PMID: 28718406 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia (low O2) is a pathobiological hallmark of solid cancers, resulting from the imbalance between cellular O2 consumption and availability. Hypoxic cancer cells (CCs) stimulate blood vessel sprouting (angiogenesis), aimed at restoring O2 delivery to the expanding tumor masses through the activation of a transcriptional program mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Here, we review recent data suggesting that the efficacy of antiangiogenic (AA) therapies is limited in some circumstances by HIF-dependent compensatory responses to increased intratumoral hypoxia. In lieu of this evidence, we discuss the potential of targeting HIFs as a strategy to overcome these instances of AA therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rey
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Luana Schito
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Bradly G Wouters
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Robert S Kerbel
- Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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31
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Wang Z, Wei P, Xiang J, Wang H. BFGF neutralization stimulates VEGF secretion in melanoma B16 cells. Cytokine 2017; 96:161-165. [PMID: 28431325 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium root rot is a major cryptogamic disease in olive trees caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium solani.
Controlling this disease requires the extensive use of chemicals. However, using BCAs such as some Trichoderma
strains may be an opportune alternative to fungicides in protecting olive plantations. A new isolate (Fso14) was
isolated from young olive trees showing severe dieback symptoms. The objective of this work was to analyze the
biocontrol behavior of a Tunisian strain of T. harzianum (Ths97) on olive trees against Fso14 by assessing both
mycoparasitic activity (in planta and in vitro) and ability to locally modulate different gene-related defenses of
the plant. Ths97 was found to inhibit Fso14 growth in vitro. Optical microscopic analysis at the confrontation
zone between hyphae showed that Ths97 grew alongside Fso14 with numerous contact points suggesting
parasitic activity. On olive trees, Ths97 developed a strong protective role against root infestation by Fso14,
whether inoculated before or after the pathogenic agent. When inoculated alone, Fso14 and Ths97 did not
modulate (or only slightly with inhibitions or inductions, respectively) the expression of genes involved in plant
immunity (oxidative stress, phenylpropanoid pathway, PR-proteins and JA/Et-SA hormonal status). However,
when Ths97 was inoculated in combination with Fso14, several defense-related genes were highly up-regulated,
indicating probable primed-plant events. These promising results provided valuable information on using Ths97
as a beneficial agent to control fusarium root rot disease caused by F. solani in olive trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Pei Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Junjian Xiang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecule Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecule Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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32
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Zhang Y, Ren YJ, Guo LC, Ji C, Hu J, Zhang HH, Xu QH, Zhu WD, Ming ZJ, Yuan YS, Ren X, Song J, Yang JM. Nucleus accumbens-associated protein-1 promotes glycolysis and survival of hypoxic tumor cells via the HDAC4-HIF-1α axis. Oncogene 2017; 36:4171-4181. [PMID: 28319066 PMCID: PMC5537617 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nucleus accumbens-associated protein-1 (NAC1), a nuclear factor of the BTB/POZ gene family, has emerging roles in cancer. In this study, we identified the NAC1-HDAC4-HIF-1α axis as an important pathway in regulating glycolysis and hypoxic adaptation in tumor cells. We show that nuclear NAC1 binds to histone deacetylase type 4 (HDAC4), hindering phosphorylation of HDAC4 at Ser246 and preventing its nuclear export that leads to cytoplasmic degradation of the deacetylase. Accumulation of HDAC4 in the nuclei results in an attenuation of HIF-1α acetylation, enhancing the stabilization and transcriptional activity of HIF-1α and strengthening adaptive response of cells to hypoxia. We also show the role of NAC1 in promoting glycolysis in a mouse xenograft model, and demonstrate that knockdown of NAC1 expression can reinforce the antitumor efficacy of bevacizumab, an inhibitor of angiogenesis. Clinical implication of the NAC1-HDAC4-HIF-1α pathway is suggested by the results showing that expression levels of these proteins are significantly correlative in human tumor specimens and associated with the disease progression. This study not only reveals an important function of NAC1 in regulating glycolysis, but also identifies the NAC1-HDAC4-HIF-1α axis as a novel molecular pathway that promotes survival of hypoxic tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y-J Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - L-C Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - C Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - H-H Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Q-H Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - W-D Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Z-J Ming
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y-S Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Ren
- Department of Pharmacology and Microbiology and Immunology, The Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - J Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Microbiology and Immunology, The Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - J-M Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Microbiology and Immunology, The Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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Simon T, Gagliano T, Giamas G. Direct Effects of Anti-Angiogenic Therapies on Tumor Cells: VEGF Signaling. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:282-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Wu C, Wang X, Tomko N, Zhu J, Wang WR, Zhu J, Wang Y, Salomon RG. 2-(ω-Carboxyethyl)pyrrole Antibody as a New Inhibitor of Tumor Angiogenesis and Growth. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2017; 17:813-820. [PMID: 27671308 PMCID: PMC6002755 DOI: 10.2174/1871520616666160923093959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis is a fundamental process in the progression, invasion, and metastasis of tumors. Therapeutic drugs such as bevacizumab and ranibuzumab have thus been developed to inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEFG)-promoted angiogenesis. While these anti-angiogenic drugs have been commonly used in the treatment of cancer, patients often develop significant resistance that limits the efficacy of anti-VEGF therapies to a short period of time. This is in part due to the fact that an independent pathway of angiogenesis exists, which is mediated by 2-(ω-carboxyethyl)pyrrole (CEP) in a TLR2 receptor-dependent manner that can compensate for inhibition of the VEGF-mediated pathway. AIMS In this work, we evaluated a CEP antibody as a new tumor growth inhibitor that blocks CEP-induced angiogenesis. METHOD We first evaluated the effectiveness of a CEP antibody as a monotherapy to impede tumor growth in two human tumor xenograft models. We then determined the synergistic effects of bevacizumab and CEP antibody in a combination therapy, which demonstrated that blocking of the CEP-mediated pathway significantly enhanced the anti-angiogenic efficacy of bevacizumab in tumor growth inhibition indicating that CEP antibody is a promising chemotherapeutic drug. To facilitate potential translational studies of CEP-antibody, we also conducted longitudinal imaging studies and identified that FMISO-PET is a non-invasive imaging tool that can be used to quantitatively monitor the anti-angiogenic effects of CEP-antibody in the clinical setting. RESULTS That treatment with CEP antibody induces hypoxia in tumor tissue WHICH was indicated by 43% higher uptake of [18F]FMISO in CEP antibody-treated tumor xenografs than in the control PBS-treated littermates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Wu
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 11100
Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Xizhen Wang
- Department of Radiology, Bingzhou Medical University, Binzhou,
Shandong, 256603
| | - Nicholas Tomko
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 11100
Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Junqing Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 11100
Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - William R. Wang
- Phillips Academy at Andover, 180 Main Street, Andover, MA
01810
| | - Jinle Zhu
- Beachwood High School, Beachwood, OH 44122
| | - Yanming Wang
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 11100
Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Radiology, Bingzhou Medical University, Binzhou,
Shandong, 256603
| | - Robert G. Salomon
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 11100
Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106
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35
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Effect of a novel oral chemotherapeutic agent containing a combination of trifluridine, tipiracil and the novel triple angiokinase inhibitor nintedanib, on human colorectal cancer xenografts. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:3123-3130. [PMID: 27805254 PMCID: PMC5112602 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Trifluridine/tipiracil (TFTD) is a combination drug that is used for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer and was formerly known as TAS-102. It is a combination of two active pharmaceutical compounds, trifluridine, an antineoplastic thymidine-based nucleoside analog, and tipiracil, which enhances the bioavailability of trifluridine in vivo. TFTD is used for the treatment of patients with unresectable advanced or recurrent colorectal cancer that is resistant to standard therapies. In the present study, the anticancer effects of trifluridine in combination with nintedanib, an oral triple angiokinase inhibitor, on human colorectal cancer cell lines were investigated. The cytotoxicity against DLD-1, HT-29, and HCT116 cell lines was determined by the crystal violet staining method. The combination of trifluridine and nintedanib exerted an additive effect on the growth inhibition of DLD-1 and HT-29 cells and a sub-additive effect on HCT116 cells, as determined by isobologram analyses. Subsequently, the human colorectal cancer cell lines were implanted subcutaneously into nude mice to allow the evaluation of the in vivo tumor growth inhibitory effects of TFTD and nintedanib combination therapy. TFTD (150 mg/kg/day) and/or nintedanib (40 mg/kg/day) were orally administered to the mice twice daily from day 1 to day 14. The tumor growth inhibition with combination therapy was 61.5, 72.8, 67.6 and 67.5% for the DLD-1, DLD-1/5-FU, HT-29, and HCT116 xenografts, respectively. This was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the effects of monotherapy with either TFTD or nintedanib. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of the combination of TFTD and nintedanib in the treatment of colorectal cancer xenografts. The concentration of trifluridine incorporated into DNA in the HT-29 and HCT116 tumors was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The incorporation levels following treatment with TFTD and nintedanib for 14 consecutive days were higher than those associated with TFTD treatment alone. The preclinical findings indicate that the combination therapy with TFTD and nintedanib is a promising treatment option for colorectal cancer.
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36
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Zhao M, Yu S, Zhang M. Differential expression of multidrug resistance‑related proteins in adriamycin‑resistant (pumc‑91/ADM) and parental (pumc‑91) human bladder cancer cell lines. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4741-4746. [PMID: 27748815 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the major obstacle to bladder cancer chemotherapy. Several mechanisms have been implicated in the development of MDR, including extrusion of the drug by cell membrane pumps, associated with P‑glycoprotein (P‑gp) and multidrug resistance‑associated protein (MRP); increased DNA damage repair, associated with topoisomerase II (Topo II); suppression of drug‑induced apoptosis, associated with p53; and regulation of cancer cell growth, associated with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In the present study, the expression levels of these five markers were detected in an adriamycin (ADM)‑resistant human bladder cancer cell line (pumc‑91/ADM) and its parental cell line (pumc‑91), in order to determine which marker is more important, or whether all of them participate in drug resistance. The expression levels of P‑gp, MRP, Topo II, VEGF and p53 were measured in the two cell lines by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. A significant increase in P‑gp, MRP and VEGF, and a decrease in Topo II mRNA expression were detected in the pumc‑91/ADM drug‑resistant cell line compared with the pumc‑91 cell line; however, no difference in p53 mRNA expression was detected between the cells. In pumc‑91/ADM cells, the protein expression levels of P‑gp and MRP were upregulated, whereas Topo II was significantly decreased. However, no marked differences in p53 or VEGF expression were detected between the two cell lines at the protein level. The cytoplasmic and cell membrane localization of P‑gp and MRP, the cytoplasmic localization of VEGF, and the nuclear localization of p53 and Topo II were confirmed in the two cell lines. The present study detected increased P‑gp and MRP, and reduced Topo II expression in pumc‑91/ADM cells compared with pumc‑91 cells; however, no difference was detected in p53 and VEGF expression between the cell lines. In conclusion, a significant upregulation of MRP and downregulation of Topo II were detected in the ADM‑resistant human bladder cancer cell line (pumc‑91/ADM) compared with in the parental cell line (pumc‑91).
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Shuliang Yu
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Man Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
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37
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Stremitzer S, Zhang W, Yang D, Ning Y, Sunakawa Y, Matsusaka S, Parekh A, Okazaki S, Hanna D, Astrow SH, Moran M, Hernandez J, Stephens C, Scherer SJ, Stift J, Wrba F, Gruenberger T, Lenz HJ. Expression of Genes Involved in Vascular Morphogenesis and Maturation Predicts Efficacy of Bevacizumab-Based Chemotherapy in Patients Undergoing Liver Resection. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2814-2821. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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38
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Chen SL, Cai SR, Zhang XH, Li WF, Zhai ET, Peng JJ, Wu H, Chen CQ, Ma JP, Wang Z, He YL. Targeting CRMP-4 by lentivirus-mediated RNA interference inhibits SW480 cell proliferation and colorectal cancer growth. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:2003-2008. [PMID: 27698685 PMCID: PMC5038199 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression level of collapsin response mediator protein 4 (CRMP-4) in human colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue and to evauluate its impact on SW480 cell proliferation, in addition to tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. Clinical CRC tissue samples were collected to detect the CRMP-4 protein expression levels using western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses. A specific small interfering RNA sequence targeting the CRMP-4 gene (DPYSL3) was constructed and transfected into an SW480 cell line using a lentivirus vector to obtain a stable cell line with low expression of CRMP-4. The effectiveness of the interference was evaluated using western blot and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the cell proliferation was determined using MTT and BrdU colorimetric methods. Tumor growth was assessed by subcutaneously inoculating the constructed cells into BALB/c nude mice. The protein expression levels of CRMP-4 were markedly increased in colon tumor tissue of the human samples. The proliferation of SW480 cells and the tumor growth rate in nude mice of the si-CPMR-4 group were evidently depressed compared with the si-scramble group. Thus, the present results suggest that CRMP-4 may be involved in the pathogenesis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Le Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Rong Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Hua Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Feng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Er-Tao Zhai
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Chuang-Qi Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Ping Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Long He
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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Casanovas O, Salazar R, Tabernero J. Multi-target angiokinase inhibitors to fight resistance. Cell Cycle 2016; 13:2649-50. [PMID: 25486347 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.954216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Casanovas
- a Tumor Angiogenesis Group ; Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute ; Barcelona , Spain
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40
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Ayadi M, Bouygues A, Ouaret D, Ferrand N, Chouaib S, Thiery JP, Muchardt C, Sabbah M, Larsen AK. Chronic chemotherapeutic stress promotes evolution of stemness and WNT/beta-catenin signaling in colorectal cancer cells: implications for clinical use of WNT-signaling inhibitors. Oncotarget 2016; 6:18518-33. [PMID: 26041882 PMCID: PMC4621907 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Most solid tumors contain a subfraction of cells with stem/progenitor cell features. Stem cells are naturally chemoresistant suggesting that chronic chemotherapeutic stress may select for cells with increased “stemness”. We carried out a comprehensive molecular and functional analysis of six independently selected colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines with acquired resistance to three different chemotherapeutic agents derived from two distinct parental cell lines. Chronic drug exposure resulted in complex alterations of stem cell markers that could be classified into three categories: 1) one cell line, HT-29/5-FU, showed increased “stemness” and WNT-signaling, 2) three cell lines showed decreased expression of stem cell markers, decreased aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, attenuated WNT-signaling and lost the capacity to form colonospheres and 3) two cell lines displayed prominent expression of ABC transporters with a heterogeneous response for stem cell markers. While WNT-signaling could be attenuated in the HT-29/5-FU cells by the WNT-signaling inhibitors ICG-001 and PKF-118, this was not accompanied by any selective growth inhibitory effect suggesting that the cytotoxic activity of these compounds is not directly linked to WNT-signaling inhibition. We conclude that classical WNT-signaling inhibitors have toxic off-target activities that need to be addressed for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriam Ayadi
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Anaïs Bouygues
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Djamila Ouaret
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Ferrand
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Salem Chouaib
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Paul Thiery
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christian Muchardt
- Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Michèle Sabbah
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Annette K Larsen
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
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41
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Tampellini M, Sonetto C, Scagliotti GV. Novel anti-angiogenic therapeutic strategies in colorectal cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:507-20. [PMID: 26938715 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2016.1161754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anti-angiogenetic agents are currently the standard of care in metastatic CRC patients. Bevacizumab, aflibercept, regorafenib and recently ramucirumab have significantly improved both progression-free and overall survival in different lines of treatment. Since bevacizumab's approval, a number of novel anti-VEGF agents have been tested in preclinical and clinical models. AREAS COVERED This review is focused on the most recent clinical results of novel agents targeting VEGF and its receptors with a major focus on those investigated recently in clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION In the last 15 years, a number of new anti-angiogenetic agents have been tested. Unfortunately, most of them have demonstrated unacceptable toxicities or failed to show activity. When tested as single agents, encouraging preliminary results were reported with fruquintinib, famitinib, and nintedanib. Interesting novel mechanisms of action are also being explored: VGX-100 is a monoclonal antibody (mAb) which binds to VEGF-C, inhibiting activation of VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 when combined with bevacizumab; tanibirumab is a mAb which binds to VEGFR-2 and vanucizumab is a bispecific mAb binding both to VEGF-A and Angiopoietin-2. Data about the combination of these agents with chemotherapy are very encouraging, even though preliminary. However, the definition of specific predictive biomarkers remains a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tampellini
- a University of Turin , Department of Oncology, AOU San Luigi di Orbassano , Torino , Italy
| | - C Sonetto
- a University of Turin , Department of Oncology, AOU San Luigi di Orbassano , Torino , Italy
| | - G V Scagliotti
- a University of Turin , Department of Oncology, AOU San Luigi di Orbassano , Torino , Italy
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42
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Aprile G, Giuliani F, Lutrino SE, Fontanella C, Bonotto M, Rihawi K, Fasola G. Maintenance Therapy in Colorectal Cancer: Moving the Artillery Down While Keeping an Eye on the Enemy. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2016; 15:7-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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43
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Pol J, Buqué A, Aranda F, Bloy N, Cremer I, Eggermont A, Erbs P, Fucikova J, Galon J, Limacher JM, Preville X, Sautès-Fridman C, Spisek R, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch-Oncolytic viruses and cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1117740. [PMID: 27057469 PMCID: PMC4801444 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1117740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy relies on the administration of non-pathogenic viral strains that selectively infect and kill malignant cells while favoring the elicitation of a therapeutically relevant tumor-targeting immune response. During the past few years, great efforts have been dedicated to the development of oncolytic viruses with improved specificity and potency. Such an intense wave of investigation has culminated this year in the regulatory approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of a genetically engineered oncolytic viral strain for use in melanoma patients. Here, we summarize recent preclinical and clinical advances in oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Pol
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Group of Immune receptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Norma Bloy
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 13, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
- Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 13, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
- Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1015, CICBT507, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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Hammond WA, Swaika A, Mody K. Pharmacologic resistance in colorectal cancer: a review. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2016; 8:57-84. [PMID: 26753006 DOI: 10.1177/1758834015614530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) persists as one of the most prevalent and deadly tumor types in both men and women worldwide. This is in spite of widespread, effective measures of preventive screening, and also major advances in treatment options. Despite advances in cytotoxic and targeted therapy, resistance to chemotherapy remains one of the greatest challenges in long-term management of incurable metastatic disease and eventually contributes to death as tumors accumulate means of evading treatment. We performed a comprehensive literature search on the data available through PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and the ASCO Annual Symposium abstracts through June 2015 for the purpose of this review. We discuss the current state of knowledge of clinically relevant mechanisms of resistance to cytotoxic and targeted therapies now in use for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Hammond
- Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Abhisek Swaika
- Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Kabir Mody
- Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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Vacchelli E, Aranda F, Bloy N, Buqué A, Cremer I, Eggermont A, Fridman WH, Fucikova J, Galon J, Spisek R, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch-Immunostimulation with cytokines in cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1115942. [PMID: 27057468 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1115942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past decade, great efforts have been dedicated to the development of clinically relevant interventions that would trigger potent (and hence potentially curative) anticancer immune responses. Indeed, developing neoplasms normally establish local and systemic immunosuppressive networks that inhibit tumor-targeting immune effector cells, be them natural or elicited by (immuno)therapy. One possible approach to boost anticancer immunity consists in the (generally systemic) administration of recombinant immunostimulatory cytokines. In a limited number of oncological indications, immunostimulatory cytokines mediate clinical activity as standalone immunotherapeutic interventions. Most often, however, immunostimulatory cytokines are employed as immunological adjuvants, i.e., to unleash the immunogenic potential of other immunotherapeutic agents, like tumor-targeting vaccines and checkpoint blockers. Here, we discuss recent preclinical and clinical advances in the use of some cytokines as immunostimulatory agents in oncological indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Vacchelli
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Group of Immune receptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)
| | - Norma Bloy
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Equipe 13, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | | | - Wolf Hervé Fridman
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Equipe 13, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic; Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic; Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1015, CICBT507, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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Ouaret D, Larsen AK. Protein kinase C β inhibition by enzastaurin leads to mitotic missegregation and preferential cytotoxicity toward colorectal cancer cells with chromosomal instability (CIN). Cell Cycle 2015; 13:2697-706. [PMID: 25486357 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2015.945383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzastaurin is a selective inhibitor of protein kinase C β and a potent inhibitor of tumor angiogenesis. In addition, enzastaurin shows direct cytotoxic activity toward a subset of tumor cells including colorectal cancer cells (CRC). In spite of promising results in animal models, the clinical activity of enzastaurin in CRC patients has been disappointing although a subset of patients seems to derive benefit. In the present study we investigated the biological and cytotoxic activities of enzastaurin toward a panel of well-characterized CRC cell lines in order to clarify the mechanistic basis for the cytotoxic activity. Our results show that enzastaurin is significantly more cytotoxic toward CRC cells with chromosome instability (CIN) compared to cells with microsatellite instability (MSI). Since CIN is usually attributed to mitotic dysfunction, the influence of enzastaurin on cell cycle progression and mitotic transit was characterized for representative CIN and MSI cell lines. Enzastaurin exposure was accompanied by prolonged metaphase arrest in CIN cells followed by the appearance of tetraploid and micronuclei-containing cells as well as by increased apoptosis, whereas no detectable mitotic dysfunctions were observed in MSI cells exposed to isotoxic doses of enzastaurin. Our study identifies enzastaurin as a new, context dependent member of a heterogeneous group of anticancer compounds that induce "mitotic catastrophe," that is mitotic dysfunction accompanied by cell death. These data provide novel insight into the mechanism of action of enzastaurin and may allow the identification of biomarkers useful to identify CRC patients particularly likely, or not, to benefit from treatment with enzastaurin.
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Key Words
- CIN, chromosome instability
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide
- MAP, mitogen-activated protein
- MEK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase
- MMC, mitomycin C
- MN, micronuclei
- MSI, microsatellite instability
- PKC, protein kinase C
- RACK, receptor of activated protein kinase C
- TP53, tumor protein p53
- VEGF, vascular endothelial cell growth factor
- VEGFR, vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor
- chromosome instability (CIN)
- colorectal cancer (CRC)
- enzastaurin
- mitotic catastrophe
- protein kinase C (PKC) β inhibition
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Affiliation(s)
- Djamila Ouaret
- a Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics; Center de Recherche Saint-Antoine ; Paris , France
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Soler A, Angulo-Urarte A, Graupera M. PI3K at the crossroads of tumor angiogenesis signaling pathways. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 2:e975624. [PMID: 27308431 PMCID: PMC4905058 DOI: 10.4161/23723556.2014.975624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumors need blood vessels for their growth, thus providing the rationale for antiangiogenic therapy in cancer treatment. However, intrinsic and acquired resistance and low response rates have turned out to be major limitations of antiangiogenic therapy. This emphasizes the need to further understand how the vasculature in cancer can be targeted. Although endothelial cells (ECs) rely on multiple growth factors and cytokines to grow, antiangiogenic therapies have mainly centered on targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) form a family of 8 isoenzymes with non-redundant functions in normal biology and cancer. The subgroup of class I PI3Ks are situated at the crossroad of a plethora of proangiogenic signals and control cell growth, survival, motility, and metabolism. These isoenzymes have pleiotropic roles in the tumor microenvironment, including cell-autonomous functions in ECs, underscoring the complexity of targeting this pathway in cancer. Here, we describe how the PI3K axis influences angiogenesis in different cell compartments and summarize the diversity of vascular responses to PI3K inhibition. Targeting PI3K signaling by isoform-selective inhibitors, together with readjusting the current doses below the maximum tolerated dose, may improve clinical responses to class I PI3K anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Soler
- Vascular Signalling Lab; Angiogenesis Unit, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) ; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Angulo-Urarte
- Vascular Signalling Lab; Angiogenesis Unit, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) ; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Vascular Signalling Lab; Angiogenesis Unit, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) ; Barcelona, Spain
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