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Gudowska-Sawczuk M, Mroczko B. Free Light Chains κ and λ as New Biomarkers of Selected Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119531. [PMID: 37298479 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnostic and prognostic markers are necessary to help in patient diagnosis and the prediction of future clinical events or disease progression. As promising biomarkers of selected diseases, the free light chains (FLCs) κ and λ were considered. Measurements of FLCs are currently used in routine diagnostics of, for example, multiple myeloma, and the usefulness of FLCs as biomarkers of monoclonal gammopathies is well understood. Therefore, this review focuses on the studies concerning FLCs as new potential biomarkers of other disorders in which an inflammatory background has been observed. We performed a bibliometric review of studies indexed in MEDLINE to assess the clinical significance of FLCs. Altered levels of FLCs were observed both in diseases strongly connected with inflammation such as viral infections, tick-borne diseases or rheumatic disorders, and disorders that are moderately associated with immune system reactions, e.g., multiple sclerosis, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders and cancers. Increased concentrations of FLCs appear to be a useful prognostic marker in patients with multiple sclerosis or tick-borne encephalitis. Intensive synthesis of FLCs may also reflect the production of specific antibodies against pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, abnormal FLC concentrations might predict the development of diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Markedly elevated levels are also associated with increased risk of hospitalization and death in patients with cardiovascular disorders. Additionally, FLCs have been found to be increased in rheumatic diseases and have been related to disease activity. Furthermore, it has been suggested that inhibition of FLCs would reduce the progression of tumorigenesis in breast cancer or colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis. In conclusion, abnormal levels of κ and λ FLCs, as well as the ratio of κ:λ, are usually the result of disturbances in the synthesis of immunoglobulins as an effect of overactive inflammatory reactions. Therefore, it seems that κ and λ FLCs may be significant diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of selected diseases. Moreover, the inhibition of FLCs appears to be a promising therapeutical target for the treatment of various disorders where inflammation plays an important role in the development or progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gudowska-Sawczuk
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A St., 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A St., 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A St., 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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2
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Gudowska-Sawczuk M, Kudelski J, Olkowicz M, Młynarczyk G, Chłosta P, Mroczko B. The Clinical Significance of Serum Free Light Chains in Bladder Cancer. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093294. [PMID: 37176734 PMCID: PMC10179731 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to assess the clinical usefulness of serum kappa (κ) and lambda (λ) free light chains (FLCs) in patients with bladder cancer (BC). One hundred samples were collected and analysed from healthy volunteers (C) and bladder cancer patients. Cancer patients were divided into two subgroups: low-grade (LG) and high-grade cancer (HG). Concentrations of FLCs, CEA, CA19-9, creatinine and urea were measured per manufacturers' guidelines. The concentrations of κ and λ FLCs and CEA were significantly higher in BC patients in comparison to the control group. Moreover, the concentrations of κ and λ FLCs and CEA were significantly higher in both low-grade as well as high-grade cancer in comparison to the controls. The levels of κ and λ FLCs differed between tumour grades, with patients presenting higher concentrations in high-grade compared to low-grade cancer. In the total study group, κFLC correlated with λFLC, the κ:λ ratio, CRP, CEA, CA19-9, creatinine and urea. There was also a correlation between λFLC and κFLC, CRP, CEA, creatinine and urea. The λFLC showed a higher ability (sensitivity and PPV) to detect bladder cancer in comparison to κFLC and CEA. In addition, λFLC had a higher ability to exclude BC (specificity and NPV) than κFLC and CEA. λFLC also showed the highest accuracy in the detection of bladder cancer. In conclusion, the revealed differences in the concentrations of both κ and λ FLCs suggest their potential participation in bladder cancer development. Increased concentrations of free light chains in bladder cancer patients and the association with the tumour grade suggest that κ and λ FLC measurements may be useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer. This is the first research that evaluates the concentration of FLCs in bladder cancer, so further studies are necessary to confirm their usefulness as tumour markers of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gudowska-Sawczuk
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A St., 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jacek Kudelski
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A St., 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michał Olkowicz
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A St., 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Młynarczyk
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A St., 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Chłosta
- Department of Urology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2 St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20 St., 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A St., 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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Does TLS Exist in Canine Mammary Gland Tumours? Preliminary Results in Simple Carcinomas. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9110628. [DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9110628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoplastic progression is influenced by the expression of tumour antigens that activate an anti-tumour immune response. Human medical studies show that this body defence is carried out in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) but also directly in the tumour through organized cellular aggregates that are called tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs). However, their occurrence has different meanings in different tumour types. For example, the presence of TLSs in breast cancer is associated with the most aggressive subtypes. This paper aimed to study TLSs in canine mammary simple carcinomas. A morphological assessment of the inflammatory infiltrate was performed on H&E sections of fifty cases. Immunohistochemistry was then carried out to typify the inflammatory cells in the tumour microenvironment. Results showed that, sometimes, inflammatory infiltrates were organized in follicles close to high-grade carcinomas, simulating a lymphoid organization, as in breast cancer. Therefore, we can assume that even in canine mammary tumours, TLSs exist and they are entities to consider due to their presence in the most aggressive histotypes or tumours with a high degree of malignancy.
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Kaya ZZ, Tuzuner MB, Sahin B, Akgun E, Aksungar F, Koca S, Serdar M, Sahin S, Cinar N, Karsidag S, Hanagasi HA, Kilercik M, Serteser M, K Baykal AT. Kappa/Lambda light-chain typing in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2022; 19:84-93. [PMID: 35100957 DOI: 10.2174/1567205019666220131101334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and cognitive impairment. The diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease according to symptomatic events is still a puzzling task. Developing a biomarker-based, low-cost, and high-throughput test, readily applicable in clinical laboratories, dramatically impacts the rapid and reliable detection of the disease. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop an accurate, sensitive, and reliable screening tool for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease, which can significantly reduce the cost and time of existing methods. METHODS We have employed a MALDI-TOF-MS-based methodology combined with a microaffinity chromatogra Results: We observed a statistically significant difference in the kappa light chain over lambda light chain (κLC/LC) ratios between patients with AD and controls (% 95 CI: -0.547 to -0.269, p<0.001). Our method demonstrated higher sensitivity (100.00%) and specificity (71.43%) for discrimination between AD and controls. CONCLUSION We have developed a high-throughput screening test with a novel sample enrichment method for determining κLC/LC ratios associated with AD diagnosis. Following further validation, we believe our test has a potential for clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelal Zuhal Kaya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Betul Sahin
- cibadem Labmed Clinical Laboratories, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel Akgun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- cibadem Labmed Clinical Laboratories, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fehime Aksungar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- cibadem Labmed Clinical Laboratories, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sebile Koca
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhittin Serdar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevki Sahin
- Maltepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilgun Cinar
- Maltepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel Karsidag
- Maltepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasmet Ayhan Hanagasi
- istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meltem Kilercik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- cibadem Labmed Clinical Laboratories, Istanbul, Turkey; 3 Maltepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Serteser
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- cibadem Labmed Clinical Laboratories, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tari K Baykal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- cibadem Labmed Clinical Laboratories, Istanbul, Turkey
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Shinde R, Bhandare MS, Chaudhari V, Sarodaya V, Agarwal V, Shrikhande S. Preoperative Albumin-Globulin Ratio and Its Association with Perioperative and Long-Term Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Pancreatoduodenectomy. Dig Surg 2021; 38:275-282. [PMID: 34038911 DOI: 10.1159/000516278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic inflammatory response is involved in natural progression of cancers by different pathways. Albumin-globulin ratio (AGR) has been reported to have impact on prognosis in various solid tumors. OBJECTIVE To study the significance of AGR on perioperative and long-term outcomes in patients undergoing PD. METHODS This is a post hoc analysis of the pancreatic surgery database from January 2012 to March 2017. Cutoff value for AGR was calculated by using the receiver operating curve, and the study cohort was divided into group I (AGR ≥1) and group II (AGR <1). Two groups were compared for perioperative and long-term survival outcomes. RESULTS Two groups were comparable with respect to clinicodemographic variables. Groups I and II had similar perioperative outcomes (p > 0.05) like median hospital stay (14 vs. 15 days), clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (16.6 vs. 15.7%), hemorrhage (3.1 vs. 2.6%), bile leak (1.4 vs. 0.65%), overall morbidity (30.1 vs. 28.9%), and postoperative mortality (2.7 vs. 3.9%). With a median follow-up of 3 years, median survival, overall survival, and disease-free survival were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION AGR at the cutoff value of ≥1 was not associated with adverse perioperative and long-term oncological outcomes after PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Shinde
- Department of Surgical Oncology, GI & HPB Service, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Manish Suresh Bhandare
- Department of Surgical Oncology, GI & HPB Service, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Vikram Chaudhari
- Department of Surgical Oncology, GI & HPB Service, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Varun Sarodaya
- Department of Surgical Oncology, GI & HPB Service, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Vandana Agarwal
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Shailesh Shrikhande
- Department of Surgical Oncology, GI & HPB Service, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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Mast Cells and Skin and Breast Cancers: A Complicated and Microenvironment-Dependent Role. Cells 2021; 10:cells10050986. [PMID: 33922465 PMCID: PMC8146516 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are important sentinel cells in host defense against infection and major effector cells in allergic disease. The role of these cells in cancer settings has been widely debated. The diverse range of mast cell functions in both immunity and tissue remodeling events, such as angiogenesis, provides multiple opportunities for mast cells to modify the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we consider both skin and breast cancer settings to address the controversy surrounding the importance of mast cells in the host response to tumors. We specifically address the key mediators produced by mast cells which impact tumor development. The role of environmental challenges in modifying mast cell responses and opportunities to modify mast cell responses to enhance anti-tumor immunity are also considered. While the mast cell's role in many cancer contexts is complicated and poorly understood, the activities of these tissue resident and radioresistant cells can provide important opportunities to enhance anti-cancer responses and limit cancer development.
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Immune Cells and Immunoglobulin Expression in the Mammary Gland Tumors of Dog. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051189. [PMID: 33919282 PMCID: PMC8143349 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cells have a role in tumor progression and have prognostic and therapeutic potential. The immunohistochemical expression for Mast Cell Tryptase, Macrophage Marker, CD79a, IgA, IgM and IgG on 43 cases of canine mammary gland lesions was analyzed. In hyperplasia, a few B cells (BCs) and Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) were observed, while the number of Tumor-Associated Mast Cells (TAMCs) was the highest. In the peritumoral stroma of malignant lesions, low number of TAMCs and a high number of TAMAs and BCs were present. Immune cells of each type were always lower in the intratumoral than peritumoral stroma. Positivity to CD79a was also detected in the epithelial cells of simple and micropapillay carcinomas. Immunoglobulin reactivity was mainly located in the epithelial cells where an intense positivity to IgA and IgG and a weak positivity for IgM were detectable. On the basis of our preliminary results and literature data, we suggest that such cells and molecules could be directly involved in the biology of canine mammary gland tumors. In breast cancer, stromal inflammatory cells and cancer derived immunoglobulins have been correlated with the progression, malignancy and poor prognosis of the tumor. The results herein reported show that the dog's mammary gland epithelium also expresses immunoglobulins, and they mostly show a direct relationship with the infiltration of macrophages. In addition, this study shows that the infiltration of mast cells, B-cells and macrophages varies depending on the degree of malignancy of neoplasia.
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Subhi O, Schulten HJ, Bagatian N, Al-Dayini R, Karim S, Bakhashab S, Alotibi R, Al-Ahmadi A, Ata M, Elaimi A, Al-Muhayawi S, Mansouri M, Al-Ghamdi K, Hamour OA, Jamal A, Al-Maghrabi J, Al-Qahtani MH. Genetic relationship between Hashimoto`s thyroiditis and papillary thyroid carcinoma with coexisting Hashimoto`s thyroiditis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234566. [PMID: 32603365 PMCID: PMC7326236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is present in the background of around 30% of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). The genetic predisposition effect of this autoimmune condition is not thoroughly understood. We analyzed the microarray expression profiles of 13 HT, eight PTCs with (w/) coexisting HT, six PTCs without (w/o) coexisting HT, six micro PTCs (mPTCs), and three normal thyroid (TN) samples. Based on a false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted p-value ≤ 0.05 and a fold change (FC) > 2, four comparison groups were defined, which were HT vs. TN; PTC w/ HT vs. TN; PTC w/o HT vs. TN; and mPTC vs. TN. A Venn diagram displayed 15 different intersecting and non-intersecting differentially expressed gene (DEG) sets, of which a set of 71 DEGs, shared between the two comparison groups HT vs. TN ∩ PTC w/ HT vs. TN, harbored the relatively largest number of genes related to immune and inflammatory functions; oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS); DNA damage and DNA repair; cell cycle; and apoptosis. The majority of the 71 DEGs were upregulated and the most upregulated DEGs included a number of immunoglobulin kappa variable genes, and other immune-related genes, e.g., CD86 molecule (CD86), interleukin 2 receptor gamma (IL2RG), and interferon, alpha-inducible protein 6 (IFI6). Upregulated genes preferentially associated with other gene ontologies (GO) were, e.g., STAT1, MMP9, TOP2A, and BRCA2. Biofunctional analysis revealed pathways related to immunogenic functions. Further data analysis focused on the set of non-intersecting 358 DEGs derived from the comparison group of HT vs. TN, and on the set of 950 DEGs from the intersection of all four comparison groups. In conclusion, this study indicates that, besides immune/inflammation-related genes, also genes associated with oxidative stress, ROS, DNA damage, DNA repair, cell cycle, and apoptosis are comparably more deregulated in a data set shared between HT and PTC w/ HT. These findings are compatible with the conception of a genetic sequence where chronic inflammatory response is accompanied by deregulation of genes and biofunctions associated with oncogenic transformation. The generated data set may serve as a source for identifying candidate genes and biomarkers that are practical for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohoud Subhi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hans-Juergen Schulten
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Nadia Bagatian
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roa'a Al-Dayini
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Karim
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherin Bakhashab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alotibi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Al-Ahmadi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manar Ata
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha Elaimi
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Al-Muhayawi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Mansouri
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman Abdel Hamour
- Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awatif Jamal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaudah Al-Maghrabi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Hussain Al-Qahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Early mast cell (MC) infiltration has been reported in a wide range of human and animal tumors particularly malignant melanoma and breast and colorectal cancer. The consequences of their presence in the tumor microenvironment (TME) or at their margins still remain unclear as it is associated with a good or poor prognosis based on the type and anatomical site of the tumor. Within the tumor, MC interactions occur with infiltrated immune cells, tumor cells, and extracellular matrix (ECM) through direct cell-to-cell interactions or release of a broad range of mediators capable of remodeling the TME. MCs actively contribute to angiogenesis and induce neovascularization by releasing the classical proangiogenic factors including VEGF, FGF-2, PDGF, and IL-6, and nonclassical proangiogenic factors mainly proteases including tryptase and chymase. MCs support tumor invasiveness by releasing a broad range of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). MC presence within the tumor gained additional significance when it was assumed that controlling its activation by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib and masitinib) and tryptase inhibitors (gabexate and nafamostat mesylate) or controlling their interactions with other cell types may have therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Elieh Ali Komi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Frank A Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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10
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Frew JW, Grand D, Navrazhina K, Krueger JG. Beyond antibodies: B cells in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Bystanders, contributors or therapeutic targets? Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:509-515. [PMID: 32145106 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis in which B cells play a prominent but unclear role. Our understanding of the role of B cells in innate and adaptive immunity (including antibody production, antigen presentation and effector functions) is rapidly evolving; and these novel findings require integration into the pathophysiologic model of HS. B cells are transiently present in normal human skin and have functions in the maintenance of innate cutaneous immunity. Recruitment and trafficking of B cells in significant numbers to skin is mediated via B cell-specific chemokines as well as shared signalling with T-cells. The evidence suggests that the presence of antibody-secreting B cells is not sufficient to induce clinical disease and T-cell interaction is required to induce clinical disease. Such interactions can occur in secondary lymphoid organs adjacent to involved tissue or in tertiary lymphoid organs which develop in response to the HS inflammatory milieu. This milieu directly mediates the types of antibodies produced by B cells, given the role of cytokines in B-cell class switching. Identified antibodies in HS (IgG, IgM, ASCA, ACPA) currently demonstrate no evidence of pathogenicity, but may be novel biomarkers for disease severity. B cells also have anti-inflammatory properties through production of IL-10 and IL-35 which require experimental validation. Overall, B cells in HS are likely to be involved in amplification of a pre-existing inflammatory response; but it remains unclear whether they may be directly pathogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Frew
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Grand
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kristina Navrazhina
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, Weill Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Magrone T, Magrone M, Jirillo E. Mast Cells as a Double-Edged Sword in Immunity: Their Function in Health and Disease. First of Two Parts. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 20:654-669. [PMID: 31789135 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666191202120301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) have recently been re-interpreted in the context of the immune scenario in the sense that their pro-allergic role is no longer exclusive. In fact, MCs even in steady state conditions maintain homeostatic functions, producing mediators and intensively cross-talking with other immune cells. Here, emphasis will be placed on the array of receptors expressed by MCs and the variety of cytokines they produce. Then, the bulk of data discussed will provide readers with a wealth of information on the dual ability of MCs not only to defend but also to offend the host. This double attitude of MCs relies on many variables, such as their subsets, tissues of residency and type of stimuli ranging from microbes to allergens and food antigens. Finally, the relationship between MCs with basophils and eosinophils will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Manrico Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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Del Pilar Chantada-Vázquez M, López AC, Vence MG, Vázquez-Estévez S, Acea-Nebril B, Calatayud DG, Jardiel T, Bravo SB, Núñez C. Proteomic investigation on bio-corona of Au, Ag and Fe nanoparticles for the discovery of triple negative breast cancer serum protein biomarkers. J Proteomics 2019; 212:103581. [PMID: 31731051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, there are no targeted therapeutic modalities for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). This disease is associated with poor prognosis and worst clinical outcome because of the aggressive nature of the tumor, delayed diagnosis, and non-specific symptoms in the early stages. Therefore, identification of novel specific TNBC serum biomarkers for screening and therapeutic purposes remains an urgent clinical requirement. New user-friendly and cheap methods for biomarker identification are needed, and nanotechnology offers new opportunities. When dispersed in blood, nanoparticles (NPs) are covered by a protein shell termed "protein corona" (PC). While alterations in protein patterns are challeging to detect by conventional blood analyses, PC acts as a "nano-concentrator" of serum proteins with affinity for NPs' surface. So, the characterization of PC could allow the detection of otherwise undetectable changes in protein concentration at an early stage of the disease or after chemotherapy or surgery. To explore this research idea, serum samples from 8 triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients and 8 patients without malignancy were allowed to interact with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs: 10.02 ± 0.91 nm), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs: 9.73 ± 1.70 nm) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs: (9.30 ± 0.67 nm). Here, in order to identify biomarker candidates in serum of TNBC patients, these nanomaterials were combined with electrophoretic separation (SDS-PAGE) to performed qualitative and quantitative comparisons of the serum proteomes of TNBC patients (n = 8) and healthy controls (n = 8) by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The results were validated through a sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH) analysis, performed in total serum samples (patients and controls) using this approach as a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) analysis. SIGNIFICANCE: It is well known that several proteins presented in human serum are important biomarkers for the diagnosis or prognosis of different diseases, as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Determining how nanomaterials as gold nanoparticles (AuNPs: 10.02 ± 0.91 nm), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs: 9.73 ± 1.70 nm) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs: (9.30 ± 0.67 nm) interact with human serum will assist not only in understanding their effects on the biological system (biocompability and toxicity), but also to obtain information for developing novel nanomaterials with high specificity and selectivity towards proteins with an important biological function (prognostic and diagnostic protein biomarkers).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Castro López
- Breast Unit, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti (HULA), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - María García Vence
- Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias-IDIS, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sergio Vázquez-Estévez
- Oncology Division, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti (HULA), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Benigno Acea-Nebril
- Department of Surgery, Breast Unit, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, A Coruña, Spain
| | - David G Calatayud
- Department of Electroceramics, Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio-CSIC, Kelsen 5, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Jardiel
- Department of Electroceramics, Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio-CSIC, Kelsen 5, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana B Bravo
- Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias-IDIS, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Cristina Núñez
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti (HULA), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), 27002 Lugo, Spain.
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13
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Sammarco G, Varricchi G, Ferraro V, Ammendola M, De Fazio M, Altomare DF, Luposella M, Maltese L, Currò G, Marone G, Ranieri G, Memeo R. Mast Cells, Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis in Human Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2106. [PMID: 31035644 PMCID: PMC6540185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is diagnosed in nearly one million new patients each year and it remains the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although gastric cancer represents a heterogeneous group of diseases, chronic inflammation has been shown to play a role in tumorigenesis. Cancer development is a multistep process characterized by genetic and epigenetic alterations during tumour initiation and progression. The stromal microenvironment is important in maintaining normal tissue homeostasis or promoting tumour development. A plethora of immune cells (i.e., lymphocytes, macrophages, mast cells, monocytes, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, Treg cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells) are components of gastric cancer microenvironment. Mast cell density is increased in gastric cancer and there is a correlation with angiogenesis, the number of metastatic lymph nodes and the survival of these patients. Mast cells exert a protumorigenic role in gastric cancer through the release of angiogenic (VEGF-A, CXCL8, MMP-9) and lymphangiogenic factors (VEGF-C and VEGF-F). Gastric mast cells express the programmed death ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2) which are relevant as immune checkpoints in cancer. Several clinical undergoing trials targeting immune checkpoints could be an innovative therapeutic strategy in gastric cancer. Elucidation of the role of subsets of mast cells in different human gastric cancers will demand studies of increasing complexity beyond those assessing merely mast cell density and microlocalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Sammarco
- Department of Health Science, General Surgery, Magna Graecia University, Medicine School of Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET) and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- WAO Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Valentina Ferraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Endocrine, Digestive and Emergency Surgery, Aldo Moro University, 74124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Michele Ammendola
- Department of Health Science, General Surgery, Magna Graecia University, Medicine School of Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Michele De Fazio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Aldo Moro University, 74124 Bari, Italy.
| | | | - Maria Luposella
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, 88900 Crotone, Italy.
| | - Lorenza Maltese
- Pathology Unit, Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Currò
- Department of Health Science, General Surgery, Magna Graecia University, Medicine School of Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Evolutive Age G. Barresi, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy.
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET) and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- WAO Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Girolamo Ranieri
- Interventional Oncology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 74124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Memeo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Aldo Moro University, 74124 Bari, Italy.
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14
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Derakhshani A, Vahidian F, Alihasanzadeh M, Mokhtarzadeh A, Lotfi Nezhad P, Baradaran B. Mast cells: A double-edged sword in cancer. Immunol Lett 2019; 209:28-35. [PMID: 30905824 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs), a type of innate immune cells, are derived from myeloid stem cells, sometimes known as mastocytes or labrocytes, and contain many granules rich in histamine and heparin. The mentioned cells are able to release various mediators such as cytokines, leukotrienes, and a large number of proteases into the environment. Many studies and experiments have established the infiltration of MCs into the tumor site. However, the findings are highly controversial to determine whether these immune cells contribute to the growth and development of the tumor or cause anti-tumor immune responses. Various studies have revealed that MCs have a pro-tumorigenic or anti-tumorigenic role depending on the type of cancer, the degree of tumor progression, and the location of these immune cells in the tumor bulk. Although these types of immune cells cause angiogenesis and tumor progression in some cancers, they have a significant anti-tumor role in some other types of cancers. In general, although a number of studies have specified the protective role of MCs in cancers, the increased number of MCs in the blood and microenvironment of tumors, as well as the increased level of angiogenesis and tumor progression, has been indicated in another array of studies. The function of MCs against or in favor of the cancers still requires further investigations to more accurately and specifically determine the role of MCs in the cancers. The function of MCs in tumors and their various roles in case of exposure to the cancer cells have been addressed in the present review. The concluding section of the present study recommends a number of methods for modification of MCs in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Derakhshani
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Vahidian
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alihasanzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Lotfi Nezhad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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15
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Six novel immunoglobulin genes as biomarkers for better prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer by gene co-expression network analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4484. [PMID: 30872752 PMCID: PMC6418134 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40826-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene co-expression network analysis (GCNA) can detect alterations in regulatory activities in case/control comparisons. We propose a framework to detect novel genes and networks for predicting breast cancer recurrence. Thirty-four prognosis candidate genes were selected based on a literature review. Four Gene Expression Omnibus Series (GSE) microarray datasets (n = 920) were used to create gene co-expression networks based on these candidates. We applied the framework to four comparison groups according to node (+/−) and recurrence (+/−). We identified a sub-network containing two candidate genes (LST1 and IGHM) and six novel genes (IGHA1, IGHD, IGHG1, IGHG3, IGLC2, and IGLJ3) related to B cell-specific immunoglobulin. These novel genes were correlated with recurrence under the control of node status and were found to function as tumor suppressors; higher mRNA expression indicated a lower risk of recurrence (hazard ratio, HR = 0.87, p = 0.001). We created an immune index score by performing principle component analysis and divided the genes into low and high groups. This discrete index significantly predicted relapse-free survival (RFS) (high: HR = 0.77, p = 0.019; low: control). Public tool KM Plotter and TCGA-BRCA gene expression data were used to validate. We confirmed these genes are correlated with RFS and distal metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and general breast cancer.
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16
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Frossi B, Mion F, Sibilano R, Danelli L, Pucillo CEM. Is it time for a new classification of mast cells? What do we know about mast cell heterogeneity? Immunol Rev 2019; 282:35-46. [PMID: 29431204 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are derived from committed precursors that leave the hematopoietic tissue, migrate in the blood, and colonize peripheral tissues where they terminally differentiate under microenvironment stimuli. They are distributed in almost all vascularized tissues where they act both as immune effectors and housekeeping cells, contributing to tissue homeostasis. Historically, MCs were classified into 2 subtypes, according to tryptic enzymes expression. However, MCs display a striking heterogeneity that reflects a complex interplay between different microenvironmental signals delivered by various tissues, and a differentiation program that decides their identity. Moreover, tissue-specific MCs show a trained memory, which contributes to shape their function in a specific microenvironment. In this review, we summarize the current state of our understanding of MC heterogeneity that reflects their different tissue experiences. We describe the discovery of unique cell molecules that can be used to distinguish specific MC subsets in vivo, and discuss how the improved ability to recognize these subsets provided new insights into the biology of MCs. These recent advances will be helpful for the understanding of the specific role of individual MC subsets in the control of tissue homeostasis, and in the regulation of pathological conditions such as infection, autoimmunity, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Frossi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Francesca Mion
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sibilano
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Luca Danelli
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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17
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Li X, Qin S, Sun X, Liu D, Zhang B, Xiao G, Ren H. Prognostic Significance of Albumin-Globulin Score in Patients with Operable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2018; 25:3647-3659. [PMID: 30229416 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-018-6715-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate the prognostic value of the preoperative albumin-globulin score (AGS) in the patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after pulmonary lobectomy. METHODS AND RESULTS The optimal cutoff level was 40.00 and 27.05 g/L for Alb and Glb, respectively. Based on this and the previous study, patients with both an hypoalbuminemia (< 40.00 g/L) and an elevated Glb level (≥ 27.05 g/L) were assigned a score of 2, and patients with one or neither were assigned a score of 1 or 0, respectively. We investigated the correlations between the AGS and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients and found that AGS was significantly associated with TNM stage (P = 0.016). Multivariate Cox analyses indicated that the AGS was an independent prognostic indicator for NSCLC for disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.001) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.004). Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test demonstrated that there were significant differences in DFS (P < 0.001) and OS (P < 0.001) among the three AGS groups. Furthermore, our study showed that DFS and OS are significantly different in three groups of patients with different AGS, in both Squamous carcinoma (P < 0.001 for DFS; P < 0.001 for OS) or adenocarcinoma (P = 0.034 for DFS; P = 0.035 for OS). In addition, we enrolled 53 patients as an independent set of cases for the further validation of AGS. Multivariate analyses verified AGS was an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC patients (P = 0.020 for DFS; P = 0.018 for OS). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative AGS is an independent prognostic factor for patients with operable NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department Two of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Sida Qin
- Department Two of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department Two of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Liu
- Department Two of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Boxiang Zhang
- Department Two of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Xiao
- Department Two of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department Two of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Nazimek K, Askenase PW, Bryniarski K. Antibody Light Chains Dictate the Specificity of Contact Hypersensitivity Effector Cell Suppression Mediated by Exosomes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092656. [PMID: 30205452 PMCID: PMC6163184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody light chains (LCs), formerly considered a waste product of immunoglobulin synthesis, are currently recognized as important players in the activation of the immune response. However, very little is known about the possible immune regulatory functions of LCs. Recently, we reported that hapten-specific LCs coat miRNA-150-carrying exosomes produced by CD8+ suppressor T cells downregulating the contact hypersensitivity (CHS) reaction in an antigen-specific manner, in mice tolerized by intravenous administration of a high dose of hapten-coupled syngeneic erythrocytes. Thus, the current studies aimed at investigating the role of hapten-specific LCs in antigen-specific, exosome-mediated suppression of CHS effector cells. Suppressor T cell-derived exosomes from tolerized B-cell-deficient µMT-/-, NKT-cell-deficient Jα18-/-, and immunoglobulin-deficient JH-/- mice were nonsuppressive, unless supplemented with LCs of specificity strictly respective to the hapten used for sensitization and CHS elicitation in mice. Thus, these observations demonstrate that B1-cell-derived LCs, coating exosomes in vivo and in vitro, actually ensure the specificity of CHS suppression. Our research findings substantially expand current understanding of the newly discovered, suppressor T cell-dependent tolerance mechanism by uncovering the function of antigen-specific LCs in exosome-mediated, cell⁻cell communication. This express great translational potential in designing nanocarriers for specific targeting of desired cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Nazimek
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland.
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Philip W Askenase
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Krzysztof Bryniarski
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland.
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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19
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Redegeld FA, Yu Y, Kumari S, Charles N, Blank U. Non-IgE mediated mast cell activation. Immunol Rev 2018; 282:87-113. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank A. Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Division of Pharmacology; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Sangeeta Kumari
- Division of Pharmacology; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Charles
- INSERM U1149; Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation; Paris France
- CNRS ERL8252; Paris France
- Université Paris-Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Faculté de Médecine; Site Xavier Bichat; Paris France
| | - Ulrich Blank
- INSERM U1149; Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation; Paris France
- CNRS ERL8252; Paris France
- Université Paris-Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Faculté de Médecine; Site Xavier Bichat; Paris France
- Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence; Paris France
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20
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Jensen-Jarolim E, Bax HJ, Bianchini R, Crescioli S, Daniels-Wells TR, Dombrowicz D, Fiebiger E, Gould HJ, Irshad S, Janda J, Josephs DH, Levi-Schaffer F, O'Mahony L, Pellizzari G, Penichet ML, Redegeld F, Roth-Walter F, Singer J, Untersmayr E, Vangelista L, Karagiannis SN. AllergoOncology: Opposite outcomes of immune tolerance in allergy and cancer. Allergy 2018; 73:328-340. [PMID: 28921585 PMCID: PMC6038916 DOI: 10.1111/all.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
While desired for the cure of allergy, regulatory immune cell subsets and nonclassical Th2-biased inflammatory mediators in the tumour microenvironment can contribute to immune suppression and escape of tumours from immunological detection and clearance. A key aim in the cancer field is therefore to design interventions that can break immunological tolerance and halt cancer progression, whereas on the contrary allergen immunotherapy exactly aims to induce tolerance. In this position paper, we review insights on immune tolerance derived from allergy and from cancer inflammation, focusing on what is known about the roles of key immune cells and mediators. We propose that research in the field of AllergoOncology that aims to delineate these immunological mechanisms with juxtaposed clinical consequences in allergy and cancer may point to novel avenues for therapeutic interventions that stand to benefit both disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jensen-Jarolim
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - H J Bax
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - R Bianchini
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Crescioli
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - T R Daniels-Wells
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D Dombrowicz
- INSERM, CHU Lille, European Genomic Institute of Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 - Recepteurs Nucleaires, Maladies Cardiovasculaires et Diabete, Universite de Lille, Lille, France
| | - E Fiebiger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Research, Department Medicine Research, Childrens' University Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H J Gould
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Irshad
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, UK
| | - J Janda
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D H Josephs
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - F Levi-Schaffer
- Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - L O'Mahony
- Molecular Immunology, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, Davos, Switzerland
| | - G Pellizzari
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - M L Penichet
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - F Redegeld
- Faculty of Science, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - F Roth-Walter
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Singer
- Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Untersmayr
- Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Vangelista
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - S N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, UK
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21
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Wang L. Screening and Biosensor-Based Approaches for Lung Cancer Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 17:E2420. [PMID: 29065541 PMCID: PMC5677261 DOI: 10.3390/s17102420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of lung cancer helps to reduce the cancer death rate significantly. Over the years, investigators worldwide have extensively investigated many screening modalities for lung cancer detection, including computerized tomography, chest X-ray, positron emission tomography, sputum cytology, magnetic resonance imaging and biopsy. However, these techniques are not suitable for patients with other pathologies. Developing a rapid and sensitive technique for early diagnosis of lung cancer is urgently needed. Biosensor-based techniques have been recently recommended as a rapid and cost-effective tool for early diagnosis of lung tumor markers. This paper reviews the recent development in screening and biosensor-based techniques for early lung cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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22
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Basile U, Gulli F, Gragnani L, Napodano C, Pocino K, Rapaccini GL, Mussap M, Zignego AL. Free light chains: Eclectic multipurpose biomarker. J Immunol Methods 2017; 451:11-19. [PMID: 28931470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The production of antibodies is accompanied by a slight excess of synthesis of κ and λ immunoglobulin light chains; small amounts of them are released in the peripheral blood and can also be found in various body fluids, such as synovial fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, urine and saliva. They are rapidly filtered by the glomerulus and >99% are reabsorbed from the cells of the proximal convoluted tubule, making them present in the urine in only trace amounts. The production of an excess of protein without a reason or a specific function in a biological system is rare. Free light chains, considered for years a waste product of Ig synthesis, are currently known to be very active molecules, able to bind antigens as well as whole immunoglobulin and helping to develop specific antibody affinity. The ability of free light chains to activate mast cells and then become an active part of the pathogenic mechanisms of chronic inflammatory diseases has increased interest in their clinical use, both as an attractive therapeutic target or as a biochemical marker of disease evolution or remission. This is an overview of relevant scientific interest that immunoglobulin light chains κ and λ have attracted over the years, a report on the progress in knowledge about their structure and function, with a special focus on their biological meaning and potential clinical utility in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Basile
- Department of Laboratory Medicine of the Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Gulli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine of the Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Gragnani
- Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Napodano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine of the Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Krizia Pocino
- Department of Laboratory Medicine of the Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Michele Mussap
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS-AOU San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Linda Zignego
- Center for Systemic Manifestations of Hepatitis Viruses (MaSVE), Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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23
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Free immunoglobulin light chain (FLC) promotes murine colitis and colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis by activating the inflammasome. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5165. [PMID: 28701727 PMCID: PMC5507933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05468-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that free Ig light chain (FLC), a novel inflammation mediator, participates in many inflammatory diseases by activating mast cells and extending the survival of neutrophils. However, it remains unclear whether FLC is involved in colitis and colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis (CAC). In this study, we found a significant increase in FLC in murine models of DSS (Dextran Sulfate Sodium Salt)-induced colitis and CAC compared to controls. Peptide F991, a functional blocker of FLC, significantly attenuated colitis progression, which included abrogating the development of diarrhea and tumor burden, elevating survival rate, greatly reducing the infiltration of inflammatory cells (such as ROS+ active neutrophils), especially reducing tumorigenesis in CAC. Furthermore, we demonstrated that F991 inhibited the activation of the inflammasome by reducing the expression of cleaved caspase-1 and the maturation of IL-1β and IL-18. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that FLC can promote the pathogenesis of colitis and CAC and may be used as novel biomarker for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. Additionally, F991 may become a potential therapeutic option for colitis or colorectal cancer.
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24
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Jensen‐Jarolim E, Bax HJ, Bianchini R, Capron M, Corrigan C, Castells M, Dombrowicz D, Daniels‐Wells TR, Fazekas J, Fiebiger E, Gatault S, Gould HJ, Janda J, Josephs DH, Karagiannis P, Levi‐Schaffer F, Meshcheryakova A, Mechtcheriakova D, Mekori Y, Mungenast F, Nigro EA, Penichet ML, Redegeld F, Saul L, Singer J, Spicer JF, Siccardi AG, Spillner E, Turner MC, Untersmayr E, Vangelista L, Karagiannis SN. AllergoOncology - the impact of allergy in oncology: EAACI position paper. Allergy 2017; 72:866-887. [PMID: 28032353 PMCID: PMC5498751 DOI: 10.1111/all.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Th2 immunity and allergic immune surveillance play critical roles in host responses to pathogens, parasites and allergens. Numerous studies have reported significant links between Th2 responses and cancer, including insights into the functions of IgE antibodies and associated effector cells in both antitumour immune surveillance and therapy. The interdisciplinary field of AllergoOncology was given Task Force status by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology in 2014. Affiliated expert groups focus on the interface between allergic responses and cancer, applied to immune surveillance, immunomodulation and the functions of IgE-mediated immune responses against cancer, to derive novel insights into more effective treatments. Coincident with rapid expansion in clinical application of cancer immunotherapies, here we review the current state-of-the-art and future translational opportunities, as well as challenges in this relatively new field. Recent developments include improved understanding of Th2 antibodies, intratumoral innate allergy effector cells and mediators, IgE-mediated tumour antigen cross-presentation by dendritic cells, as well as immunotherapeutic strategies such as vaccines and recombinant antibodies, and finally, the management of allergy in daily clinical oncology. Shedding light on the crosstalk between allergic response and cancer is paving the way for new avenues of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Jensen‐Jarolim
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research InstituteUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy ResearchCenter of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & ImmunologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - H. J. Bax
- Division of Genetics & Molecular MedicineFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineSt. John's Institute of DermatologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Division of Cancer StudiesFaculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - R. Bianchini
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research InstituteUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - M. Capron
- LIRIC‐Unité Mixte de Recherche 995 INSERMUniversité de Lille 2CHRU de LilleLilleFrance
| | - C. Corrigan
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung BiologyMedical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms in AsthmaKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - M. Castells
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and AllergyDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - D. Dombrowicz
- INSERMCHU LilleEuropean Genomic Institute of DiabetesInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1011 – récepteurs nucléaires, maladies cardiovasculaires et diabèteUniversité de LilleLilleFrance
| | - T. R. Daniels‐Wells
- Division of Surgical OncologyDepartment of SurgeryDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA
| | - J. Fazekas
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research InstituteUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy ResearchCenter of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & ImmunologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - E. Fiebiger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition ResearchDepartment of Medicine ResearchChildren's University Hospital BostonBostonMAUSA
| | - S. Gatault
- LIRIC‐Unité Mixte de Recherche 995 INSERMUniversité de Lille 2CHRU de LilleLilleFrance
| | - H. J. Gould
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung BiologyMedical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms in AsthmaKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular BiophysicsKing's College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King's College LondonKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - J. Janda
- Center PigmodInstitute of Animal Physiology and GeneticsAcademy of Sciences of Czech RepublicLibechovCzech Republic
| | - D. H. Josephs
- Division of Genetics & Molecular MedicineFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineSt. John's Institute of DermatologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Division of Cancer StudiesFaculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - P. Karagiannis
- Division of Genetics & Molecular MedicineFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineSt. John's Institute of DermatologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King's College LondonKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - F. Levi‐Schaffer
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics UnitFaculty of MedicineSchool of PharmacyThe Institute for Drug ResearchThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - A. Meshcheryakova
- Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy ResearchCenter of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & ImmunologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - D. Mechtcheriakova
- Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy ResearchCenter of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & ImmunologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Y. Mekori
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
| | - F. Mungenast
- Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy ResearchCenter of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & ImmunologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - E. A. Nigro
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - M. L. Penichet
- Division of Surgical OncologyDepartment of SurgeryDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular GeneticsDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - F. Redegeld
- Division of PharmacologyFaculty of ScienceUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - L. Saul
- Division of Genetics & Molecular MedicineFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineSt. John's Institute of DermatologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Division of Cancer StudiesFaculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - J. Singer
- Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy ResearchCenter of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & ImmunologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - J. F. Spicer
- Division of Cancer StudiesFaculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King's College LondonKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
| | | | - E. Spillner
- Immunological EngineeringDepartment of EngineeringAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - M. C. Turner
- ISGlobalCentre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL)BarcelonaSpain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF)BarcelonaSpain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk AssessmentUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - E. Untersmayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy ResearchCenter of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & ImmunologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - L. Vangelista
- Department of Biomedical SciencesNazarbayev University School of MedicineAstanaKazakhstan
| | - S. N. Karagiannis
- Division of Genetics & Molecular MedicineFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineSt. John's Institute of DermatologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King's College LondonKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
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Varricchi G, Galdiero MR, Loffredo S, Marone G, Iannone R, Marone G, Granata F. Are Mast Cells MASTers in Cancer? Front Immunol 2017; 8:424. [PMID: 28446910 PMCID: PMC5388770 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged low-grade inflammation or smoldering inflammation is a hallmark of cancer. Mast cells form a heterogeneous population of immune cells with differences in their ultra-structure, morphology, mediator content, and surface receptors. Mast cells are widely distributed throughout all tissues and are stromal components of the inflammatory microenvironment that modulates tumor initiation and development. Although canonically associated with allergic disorders, mast cells are a major source of pro-tumorigenic (e.g., angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors) and antitumorigenic molecules (e.g., TNF-α and IL-9), depending on the milieu. In certain neoplasias (e.g., gastric, thyroid and Hodgkin's lymphoma) mast cells play a pro-tumorigenic role, in others (e.g., breast cancer) a protective role, whereas in yet others they are apparently innocent bystanders. These seemingly conflicting results suggest that the role of mast cells and their mediators could be cancer specific. The microlocalization (e.g., peritumoral vs intratumoral) of mast cells is another important aspect in the initiation/progression of solid and hematologic tumors. Increasing evidence in certain experimental models indicates that targeting mast cells and/or their mediators represent a potential therapeutic target in cancer. Thus, mast cells deserve focused consideration also as therapeutic targets in different types of tumors. There are many unanswered questions that should be addressed before we understand whether mast cells are an ally, adversary, or innocent bystanders in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Marone
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Monaldi Hospital Pharmacy, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Iannone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Francescopaolo Granata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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26
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Varricchi G, Galdiero MR, Marone G, Granata F, Borriello F, Marone G. Controversial role of mast cells in skin cancers. Exp Dermatol 2016; 26:11-17. [PMID: 27305467 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer development is a multistep process characterized by genetic and epigenetic alterations during tumor initiation and progression. The stromal microenvironment can promote tumor development. Mast cells, widely distributed throughout all tissues, are a stromal component of many solid and haematologic tumors. Mast cells can be found in human and mouse models of skin cancers such as melanoma, basal and squamous cell carcinomas, primary cutaneous lymphomas, haemangiomas and Merkel cell carcinoma. However, human and animal studies addressing potential functions of mast cells and their mediators in skin cancers have provided conflicting results. In several studies, mast cells play a pro-tumorigenic role, whereas in others, they play an anti-tumorigenic role. Other studies have failed to demonstrate a clear role for tumor-associated mast cells. Many unanswered questions need to be addressed before we understand whether tumor-associated mast cells are adversaries, allies or simply innocent bystanders in different types and subtypes of skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT) and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria R Galdiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT) and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Marone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francescopaolo Granata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT) and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Borriello
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT) and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT) and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore" (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
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27
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Liu J, Dai Y, Zhou F, Long Z, Li Y, Liu B, Xie D, Tang J, Tan J, Yao K, Zhang Y, Tang Y, He L. The prognostic role of preoperative serum albumin/globulin ratio in patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma undergoing radical cystectomy. Urol Oncol 2016; 34:484.e1-484.e8. [PMID: 27341738 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To date, only a few studies have demonstrated the prognostic value of pretreatment serum albumin in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the pretreatment albumin/globulin ratio (AGR) and the survival of patients with BUC treated with radical cystectomy (RC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from 296 patients with BUC who underwent RC between June 2000 and June 2013 were analyzed. The AGR was calculated as follows: albumin/(total protein-albumin). The AGR was divided into 2 groups for receiver operating characteristics curve analysis. Survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared using the log rank test. Cox proportional hazards models were used for univariate and multivariate survival analyses. RESULTS Patients in the high AGR group (AGR≥1.60) had a lower 5-year recurrence-free mortality rate compared with those in the low AGR group (AGR<1.60) (87.0% vs. 48.0%, P<0.001). The median cancer-specific survival (CSS) time was 71.1 months for low AGR patients and 156.0 months for the high AGR patients (P<0.001). After adjusting for confounding variables, the AGR remained an independent predictor of recurrence-free survival (RFS) (hazard rate = 0.356; 95% CI: 0.170-0.748; P = 0.006) and CSS (hazard rate = 0.280; 95% CI: 0.115-0.683; P = 0.005). Moreover, in the subset of 167 patients with normal serum albumin (albumin of≥40.0g/l), serum AGR continues to be an independent predictor of RFS (P = 0.012) and CSS (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS High AGR is a strong independent predictor of long-term RFS and CSS in patients with BUC undergoing RC. Additionally, among patients with normal albumin (≥40g/l) levels, patients with higher globulin, but lower AGR have worse survival. The pretreatment AGR is an easily accessible and cheap to use for predicting mortality in patients with BUC treated by RC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Liu
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Prostate Disease of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingbo Dai
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Prostate Disease of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fangjian Zhou
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Long
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Prostate Disease of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Prostate Disease of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Xie
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Tang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Prostate Disease of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Tan
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Prostate Disease of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Yao
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Prostate Disease of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yichuan Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Prostate Disease of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxin Tang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Prostate Disease of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Leye He
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Prostate Disease of Central South University, Changsha, China.
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28
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Ribatti D. Mast cells as therapeutic target in cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 778:152-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Yu Y, Blokhuis BR, Garssen J, Redegeld FA. Non-IgE mediated mast cell activation. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 778:33-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Chen J, Zhou Y, Xu Y, Zhu HY, Shi YQ. Low pretreatment serum globulin may predict favorable prognosis for gastric cancer patients. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:3905-11. [PMID: 26476541 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3778-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
An elevated serum albumin (ALB) and albumin/globulin ratio (AGR) have been reported to be associated with a favorable prognosis for several types of cancer. However, little is known about prognostic significance of globulin (GLB) in gastric cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether GLB, ALB, and AGR analysis could predict the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. A retrospective cohort of 186 patients with gastric cancer followed by radical surgery was recruited between January 2007 and December 2010. Levels for preoperative GLB and ALB were obtained and used to calculate the AGR. Survival analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of GLB, ALB, and AGR. X-tile program determined 37.6, 33.4, and 1.33 as the optimal cutoff value for ALB, GLB, and AGR in terms of survival. Univariate analysis revealed that low GLB levels were significantly associated with favorable survival (P = 0.045). Conversely, low ALB levels were associated with a significantly worse survival (P = 0.000). In conclusion, low preoperative GLB level may serve as a valuable marker to predict the prognosis of gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcomas, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcomas, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcomas, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hui-Yan Zhu
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcomas, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ying-Qiang Shi
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcomas, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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31
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Li Q, Meng X, Liang L, Xu Y, Cai G, Cai S. High preoperative serum globulin in rectal cancer treated with neoadjunctive chemoradiation therapy is a risk factor for poor outcome. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:2856-2864. [PMID: 26609491 PMCID: PMC4633912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An elevated serum albumin (ALB) and albumin/globulin ratio (AGR) has been reported to be associated with a favorable prognosis for certain malignancies; however, little is known about the prognostic significance of globulin (GLB) in rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (NCRT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether GLB analysis could predict the prognosis of patients received NCRT. A retrospective cohort of 293 locally advanced rectal cancer patients receiving NCRT followed by radical surgery was recruited between January 2006 and December 2012 at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. Levels for preoperative GLB and ALB were obtained and used to calculate the AGR. Survival analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of GLB. X-tile program determined 28.50, 36.20 and 1.20 as optimal cut-off value for GLB, ALB and AGR in terms of survival. Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that low GLB levels were significantly associated with favorable rectal cancer-specific survival (RCSS) (P < 0.05). Conversely, low ALB levels were associated with a significantly worse RCSS (P = 0.010). Collectively, high preoperative GLB level was a significantly unfavorable factor for rectal cancer patients treated with NCRT. This easily obtained variable may serve as a valuable marker to predict the outcomes of such patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingguo Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Xianke Meng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Lei Liang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Guoxiang Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Sanjun Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
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