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Li XQ, Yin SQ, Chen L, Tulamaiti A, Xiao SY, Zhang XL, Shi L, Miao XC, Yang Y, Xing X. Identification of a novel m6A-related lncRNAs signature and immunotherapeutic drug sensitivity in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:116. [PMID: 38262966 PMCID: PMC10804632 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11885-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) ranks as the fourth leading cause for cancer-related deaths worldwide. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are closely related with poor prognosis and immunotherapeutic effect in PDAC. The aim of this study is to construct and validate a m6A-related lncRNAs signature and assess immunotherapeutic drug sensitivity in PDAC. METHODS RNA-seq data for 178 cases of PDAC patients and 167 cases of normal pancreatic tissue were obtained from TCGA and GTEx databases, respectively. A set of 21 m6A-related genes were downloaded based on the previous report. Co-expression network was conducted to identify m6A-related lncRNAs in PDAC. Cox analyses and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression model were used to construct a risk prognosis model. The relationship between signature genes and immune function was explored by single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA). The tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) score and tumor mutation burden (TMB) were utilized to evaluate the response to immunotherapy. Furthermore, the expression levels of 4 m6A-related lncRNAs on PDAC cell lines were measured by the quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The drug sensitivity between the high- and low-risk groups was validated using PDAC cell lines by Cell-Counting Kit 8 (CCK8). RESULTS The risk prognosis model was successfully constructed based on 4 m6A-related lncRNAs, and PDAC patients were divided into the high- and low-risk groups. The overall survival (OS) of the high-risk groups was more unfavorable compared with the low-risk groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrated that the risk prognosis model reasonably predicted the 2-, 3- and 5-year OS of PDAC patients. qPCR analysis confirmed the decreased expression levels of 4 m6A-related lncRNAs in PDAC cells compared to the normal pancreatic cells. Furthermore, CCK8 assay revealed that Phenformin exhibited higher sensitivity in the high-risk groups, while Pyrimethamine exhibited higher sensitivity in the low-risk groups. CONCLUSION The prognosis of patients with PDAC were well predicted in the risk prognosis model based on m6A-related lncRNAs, and selected immunotherapy drugs have potential values for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Qing Li
- Anhui University of Science and Technology Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, 6600 Nanfeng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Qi Yin
- Anhui University of Science and Technology Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, 6600 Nanfeng Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai, China
| | - Aziguli Tulamaiti
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Yu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Cao Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xin Xing
- Anhui University of Science and Technology Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, 6600 Nanfeng Road, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai, China.
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Lu MZ, Li DY, Wang XF. Effect of metformin use on the risk and prognosis of ovarian cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Panminerva Med 2023; 65:351-361. [PMID: 31290300 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.19.03640-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emerging evidence suggests that metformin has a potential antitumor effect both in vitro and in vivo. Increasing epidemiological studies indicate that diabetic patients receiving metformin therapy have lower incidences of cancer and have better survival rates. However, there are limited and inconsistent studies available about the effect of metformin therapy on ovarian cancer (OC). Thus, we conducted this meta-analysis to study the effect of metformin therapy on OC. Meanwhile, we systematically reviewed relevant studies to provide a framework for future research. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We conducted a systematic literature search on PubMed, Web of Science, Springerlink, CNKI, VIP, SinoMed, and Wanfang up to the period of October 2018. A random-effects meta-analysis model was used to derive pooled effect estimates. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS A total of 13 studies were retrieved of which 5 studies explained the prevention and 8 studies explained the treatment for OC. Our pooled results showed that metformin has a potential preventive effect on OC in diabetic women (pooled odds ratio [OR] 0.62, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.34, 1.11; P<0.001). In addition, metformin can also significantly prolong progression-free survival (PFS) (pooled hazard ratio [HR] 0.49, 95% CI 0.34, 0.70; P=0.002), and overall survival (OS) (HR 0.71, 95%CI 0.61, 0.82; P<0.001) in patients with OC, regardless of whether they had diabetes. CONCLUSIONS The use of metformin can potentially reduce the risk of OC among diabetics, and it also can significantly improve PFS and OS in patients with OC. A further large clinical investigation would be needed to adopt our finding in practice, however, our systematic review provides an insight for future study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Zhen Lu
- Second Clinical Medical College of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China -
| | - De-Yu Li
- Department of Oncology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian, China
| | - Xue-Feng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Xu G, Zhao Z, Wysham WZ, Roque DR, Fang Z, Sun W, Yin Y, Deng B, Shen X, Zhou C, Bae-Jump V. Orlistat exerts anti-obesity and anti-tumorigenic effects in a transgenic mouse model of endometrial cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1219923. [PMID: 37601677 PMCID: PMC10436609 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1219923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Among all cancers, endometrial cancer is most strongly associated with obesity, with more than 65% of endometrial cancers attributable to obesity and being overweight. Fatty acid synthase (FAS), a key lipogenic enzyme, is expressed in endometrial cancer tumors and is associated with a worse prognosis for this disease. Orlistat, an FAS inhibitor, is an FDA-approved weight loss medication that has demonstrated anti-tumor activity in a variety of preclinical cancer models. Methods In this study, the Lkb1fl/flp53fl/fl mouse model of endometroid endometrial cancer was exposed to three diet interventions, including a high fat diet (obese), a low fat diet (lean) and switch from a high fat to a low fat diet, and then exposed to orlistat or placebo. Results The mice fed a high-fat diet had significantly increased body weight and tumor weight compared to mice fed a low-fat diet. Switching from a high-fat diet to a low fat diet led to a reduction in mouse weight and suppressed tumor growth, as compared to both the high fat diet and low fat diet groups. Orlistat effectively decreased body weight in obese mice and inhibited tumor growth in obese, lean, and the high fat diet switch to low fat diet mouse groups through induction of apoptosis. Orlistat also showed anti-proliferative activity in nine of 11 primary cultures of human endometrial cancer. Discussion Our findings provide strong evidence that dietary intervention and orlistat have anti-tumor activity in vivo and supports further investigation of orlistat in combination with dietary interventions for the prevention and treatment of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxu Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ziyi Zhao
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiya Z. Wysham
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Legacy Medical Group, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Dario R. Roque
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ziwei Fang
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenchuan Sun
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Yajie Yin
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Boer Deng
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochang Shen
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiao Zhou
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Victoria Bae-Jump
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Gunaydin B, Yigitturk G, Elbe H. Cytotoxic effects of Phenformin on ovarian cancer cells: expression of HIF-1α and PDK1 in the hypoxic microenvironment. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MORPHOLOGIE ET EMBRYOLOGIE 2023; 64:355-361. [PMID: 37867353 PMCID: PMC10720940 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.64.3.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Today, many anticancer drugs are used clinically for ovarian cancer, one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women. Phenformin is an antidiabetic drug of the biguanide class. It improves the antiproliferative activity in cancer cells. Hypoxia is an important component associated with ovarian cancer and its tumor microenvironment. The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer effects of Phenformin in SKOV-3 human ovarian cancer cells under hypoxic conditions. SKOV-3 human ovarian cancer cells treated with different doses of Phenformin (0.5 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM, 5 mM) for 24 hours were subjected to WST-1 cell viability assay and Annexin V apoptosis assay. A dose-dependent decrease in cell viability with Phenformin treatment was observed. In addition, Phenformin activated percentage of apoptotic SKOV-3 cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. In this study, Cobalt(II) chloride (CoCl2) treatment leads to increased hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) expression and Phenformin can recover hypoxic condition. HIF-1α protein expression was significantly correlated with cell viability assay and apoptosis assay. We also found that Phenformin inhibits expression of phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) in SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells. The ability to migrate to cancer cells was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner with Phenformin. This data demonstrates that Phenformin treatment can induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation in ovarian cancer cells under hypoxic conditions. The findings reveal that HIF-1α is a new target for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Gunaydin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Türkiye;
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Pereira-Nunes A, Ferreira H, Abreu S, Guedes M, Neves NM, Baltazar F, Granja S. Combination Therapy With CD147-Targeted Nanoparticles Carrying Phenformin Decreases Lung Cancer Growth. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023:e2300080. [PMID: 37303292 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most fatal cancers worldwide. Resistance to conventional therapies remains a hindrance to patient treatment. Therefore, the development of more effective anti-cancer therapeutic strategies is imperative. Solid tumors exhibit a hyperglycolytic phenotype, leading to enhanced lactate production; and, consequently, its extrusion to the tumor microenvironment. Previous data reveals that inhibition of CD147, the chaperone of lactate transporters (MCTs), decreases lactate export in lung cancer cells and sensitizes them to phenformin, leading to a drastic decrease in cell growth. In this study, the development of anti-CD147 targeted liposomes (LUVs) carrying phenformin is envisioned, and their efficacy is evaluated to eliminate lung cancer cells. Herein, the therapeutic effect of free phenformin and anti-CD147 antibody, as well as the efficacy of anti-CD147 LUVs carrying phenformin on A549, H292, and PC-9 cell growth, metabolism, and invasion, are evaluated. Data reveals that phenformin decreases 2D and 3D-cancer cell growth and that the anti-CD147 antibody reduces cell invasion. Importantly, anti-CD147 LUVs carrying phenformin are internalized by cancer cells and impaired lung cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Overall, these results provide evidence for the effectiveness of anti-CD147 LUVs carrying phenformin in compromising lung cancer cell aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Pereira-Nunes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Helena Ferreira
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal
| | - Sara Abreu
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Marta Guedes
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal
| | - Nuno M Neves
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Sara Granja
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- Department of Pathological, Cytological and Thanatological Anatomy, ESS|P.PORTO, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal
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Montero-Calle A, Gómez de Cedrón M, Quijada-Freire A, Solís-Fernández G, López-Alonso V, Espinosa-Salinas I, Peláez-García A, Fernández-Aceñero MJ, Ramírez de Molina A, Barderas R. Metabolic Reprogramming Helps to Define Different Metastatic Tropisms in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:903033. [PMID: 35957902 PMCID: PMC9358964 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.903033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 25% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients experience systemic metastases, with the most frequent target organs being the liver and lung. Metabolic reprogramming has been recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer. Here, metabolic and functional differences between two CRC cells with different metastatic organotropisms (metastatic KM12SM CRC cells to the liver and KM12L4a to the lung when injected in the spleen and in the tail vein of mice) were analysed in comparison to their parental non-metastatic isogenic KM12C cells, for a subsequent investigation of identified metabolic targets in CRC patients. Meta-analysis from proteomic and transcriptomic data deposited in databases, qPCR, WB, in vitro cell-based assays, and in vivo experiments were used to survey for metabolic alterations contributing to their different organotropism and for the subsequent analysis of identified metabolic markers in CRC patients. Although no changes in cell proliferation were observed between metastatic cells, KM12SM cells were highly dependent on oxidative phosphorylation at mitochondria, whereas KM12L4a cells were characterized by being more energetically efficient with lower basal respiration levels and a better redox management. Lipid metabolism-related targets were found altered in both cell lines, including LDLR, CD36, FABP4, SCD, AGPAT1, and FASN, which were also associated with the prognosis of CRC patients. Moreover, CD36 association with lung metastatic tropism of CRC cells was validated in vivo. Altogether, our results suggest that LDLR, CD36, FABP4, SCD, FASN, LPL, and APOA1 metabolic targets are associated with CRC metastatic tropism to the liver or lung. These features exemplify specific metabolic adaptations for invasive cancer cells which stem at the primary tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Montero-Calle
- Functional Proteomics Unit, Chronic Disease Programme, UFIEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM) + Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Rodrigo Barderas, ; Ana Ramírez de Molina, ; Marta Gómez de Cedrón,
| | - Adriana Quijada-Freire
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM) + Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Solís-Fernández
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Victoria López-Alonso
- Unidad de Biología Computacional, Chronic Disease Programme, UFIEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Espinosa-Salinas
- Platform for Clinical Trials in Nutrition and Health (GENYAL), IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM) + Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Peláez-García
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets Group, La Paz University Hospital (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Fernández-Aceñero
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM) + Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Rodrigo Barderas, ; Ana Ramírez de Molina, ; Marta Gómez de Cedrón,
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- Functional Proteomics Unit, Chronic Disease Programme, UFIEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Rodrigo Barderas, ; Ana Ramírez de Molina, ; Marta Gómez de Cedrón,
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Kumbhar P, Kole K, Yadav T, Bhavar A, Waghmare P, Bhokare R, Manjappa A, Jha NK, Chellappan DK, Shinde S, Singh SK, Dua K, Salawi A, Disouza J, Patravale V. Drug repurposing: An emerging strategy in alleviating skin cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 926:175031. [PMID: 35580707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer. Several million people are estimated to have affected with this condition worldwide. Skin cancer generally includes melanoma and non-melanoma with the former being the most dangerous. Chemotherapy has been one of the key therapeutic strategies employed in the treatment of skin cancer, especially in advanced stages of the disease. It could be also used as an adjuvant with other treatment modalities depending on the type of skin cancer. However, there are several shortfalls associated with the use of chemotherapy such as non-selectivity, tumour resistance, life-threatening toxicities, and the exorbitant cost of medicines. Furthermore, new drug discovery is a lengthy and costly process with minimal likelihood of success. Thus, drug repurposing (DR) has emerged as a new avenue where the drug approved formerly for the treatment of one disease can be used for the treatment of another disease like cancer. This approach is greatly beneficial over the de novo approach in terms of time and cost. Moreover, there is minimal risk of failure of repurposed therapeutics in clinical trials. There are a considerable number of studies that have reported on drugs repurposed for the treatment of skin cancer. Thus, the present manuscript offers a comprehensive overview of drugs that have been investigated as repurposing candidates for the efficient treatment of skin cancers mainly melanoma and its oncogenic subtypes, and non-melanoma. The prospects of repurposing phytochemicals against skin cancer are also discussed. Furthermore, repurposed drug delivery via topical route and repurposed drugs in clinical trials are briefed. Based on the findings from the reported studies discussed in this manuscript, drug repurposing emerges to be a promising approach and thus is expected to offer efficient treatment at a reasonable cost in devitalizing skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Popat Kumbhar
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Kapil Kole
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Tejashree Yadav
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Ashwini Bhavar
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Pramod Waghmare
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Rajdeep Bhokare
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Arehalli Manjappa
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sunita Shinde
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Ahmad Salawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - John Disouza
- Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra, 416113, India.
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India.
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Garrido MP, Fredes AN, Lobos-González L, Valenzuela-Valderrama M, Vera DB, Romero C. Current Treatments and New Possible Complementary Therapies for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 10:77. [PMID: 35052757 PMCID: PMC8772950 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the deadliest gynaecological malignancies. The late diagnosis is frequent due to the absence of specific symptomatology and the molecular complexity of the disease, which includes a high angiogenesis potential. The first-line treatment is based on optimal debulking surgery following chemotherapy with platinum/gemcitabine and taxane compounds. During the last years, anti-angiogenic therapy and poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerases (PARP)-inhibitors were introduced in therapeutic schemes. Several studies have shown that these drugs increase the progression-free survival and overall survival of patients with ovarian cancer, but the identification of patients who have the greatest benefits is still under investigation. In the present review, we discuss about the molecular characteristics of the disease, the recent evidence of approved treatments and the new possible complementary approaches, focusing on drug repurposing, non-coding RNAs, and nanomedicine as a new method for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza P. Garrido
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Biología de la Reproducción, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (A.N.F.); (D.B.V.)
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Allison N. Fredes
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Biología de la Reproducción, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (A.N.F.); (D.B.V.)
| | - Lorena Lobos-González
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7710162, Chile;
| | - Manuel Valenzuela-Valderrama
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Celular, Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
| | - Daniela B. Vera
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Biología de la Reproducción, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (A.N.F.); (D.B.V.)
| | - Carmen Romero
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Biología de la Reproducción, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (A.N.F.); (D.B.V.)
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mitochondria have a major impact on virtually all processes linked to oncogenesis. Thus, mitochondrial metabolism inhibition has emerged as a promising anticancer strategy. In this review, we discuss the anticancer potential of mitochondrial inhibitors, with particular focus on metformin, in the context of more effective, targeted therapeutic modalities, and diagnostic strategies for cancer patients. RECENT FINDINGS Metformin has gained interest as an antitumor agent. However, promising results have not been translated into remarkable advances in the clinical practice. Recent findings emphasize the need of providing a metabolic context in which mitochondrial inhibitors may elicit its anticancerous effects. In addition, mitochondria are critical regulators in orchestrating immune responses. Thus, the immunomodulatory effect of mitochondrial inhibitors should also be taken into account to optimize its clinical use. Targeting mitochondrial metabolic network represents a promising therapeutic strategy in cancer. However, there is a need to define the metabolic context in which mitochondrial inhibitors are more effective, as well as how the cross-talk between many immunological functions and mitochondrial functionality may be exploited for a therapeutic benefit in cancer patients.
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Di Magno L, Manni S, Di Pastena F, Coni S, Macone A, Cairoli S, Sambucci M, Infante P, Moretti M, Petroni M, Nicoletti C, Capalbo C, De Smaele E, Di Marcotullio L, Giannini G, Battistini L, Goffredo BM, Iorio E, Agostinelli E, Maroder M, Canettieri G. Phenformin Inhibits Hedgehog-Dependent Tumor Growth through a Complex I-Independent Redox/Corepressor Module. Cell Rep 2021; 30:1735-1752.e7. [PMID: 32049007 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The antidiabetic drug phenformin displays potent anticancer activity in different tumors, but its mechanism of action remains elusive. Using Shh medulloblastoma as model, we show here that at clinically relevant concentrations, phenformin elicits a significant therapeutic effect through a redox-dependent but complex I-independent mechanism. Phenformin inhibits mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (mGPD), a component of the glycerophosphate shuttle, and causes elevations of intracellular NADH content. Inhibition of mGPD mimics phenformin action and promotes an association between corepressor CtBP2 and Gli1, thereby inhibiting Hh transcriptional output and tumor growth. Because ablation of CtBP2 abrogates the therapeutic effect of phenformin in mice, these data illustrate a biguanide-mediated redox/corepressor interplay, which may represent a relevant target for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Di Magno
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Manni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Di Pastena
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Coni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Macone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Cairoli
- Division of Metabolism and Research Unit of metabolic Biochemistry, Children's Hospital and Research Institute Bambino Gesù IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Manolo Sambucci
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Neuroimmunology Unit, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Infante
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Moretti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marialaura Petroni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Nicoletti
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Capalbo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico De Smaele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Di Marcotullio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giannini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Battistini
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Neuroimmunology Unit, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Goffredo
- Division of Metabolism and Research Unit of metabolic Biochemistry, Children's Hospital and Research Institute Bambino Gesù IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Egidio Iorio
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Enzo Agostinelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; International Polyamines Foundation-ONLUS, 00159 Rome, Italy
| | - Marella Maroder
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Canettieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; International Polyamines Foundation-ONLUS, 00159 Rome, Italy.
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11
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Icard P, Loi M, Wu Z, Ginguay A, Lincet H, Robin E, Coquerel A, Berzan D, Fournel L, Alifano M. Metabolic Strategies for Inhibiting Cancer Development. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1461-1480. [PMID: 33530098 PMCID: PMC8321873 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a complex mix of cancerous and noncancerous cells (especially immune cells and fibroblasts) with distinct metabolisms. These cells interact with each other and are influenced by the metabolic disorders of the host. In this review, we discuss how metabolic pathways that sustain biosynthesis in cancer cells could be targeted to increase the effectiveness of cancer therapies by limiting the nutrient uptake of the cell, inactivating metabolic enzymes (key regulatory ones or those linked to cell cycle progression), and inhibiting ATP production to induce cell death. Furthermore, we describe how the microenvironment could be targeted to activate the immune response by redirecting nutrients toward cytotoxic immune cells or inhibiting the release of waste products by cancer cells that stimulate immunosuppressive cells. We also examine metabolic disorders in the host that could be targeted to inhibit cancer development. To create future personalized therapies for targeting each cancer tumor, novel techniques must be developed, such as new tracers for positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan and immunohistochemical markers to characterize the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells and their microenvironment. Pending personalized strategies that specifically target all metabolic components of cancer development in a patient, simple metabolic interventions could be tested in clinical trials in combination with standard cancer therapies, such as short cycles of fasting or the administration of sodium citrate or weakly toxic compounds (such as curcumin, metformin, lipoic acid) that target autophagy and biosynthetic or signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Loi
- Radiotherapy Department, Humanitas Cancer Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Zherui Wu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,INSERM UMR-S 1124, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Antonin Ginguay
- Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Centre, AP-HP, Paris, France,EA4466 Laboratoire de Biologie de la Nutrition, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hubert Lincet
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), France,ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Edouard Robin
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, AP-HP, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Coquerel
- INSERM U1075, Comete “Mobilités: Attention, Orientation, Chronobiologie”, Université Caen, Caen, France
| | - Diana Berzan
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, AP-HP, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Fournel
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, AP-HP, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France,INSERM UMR-S 1124, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, AP-HP, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France,INSERM U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, Paris, France
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12
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Jiménez-Vacas JM, Herrero-Aguayo V, Montero-Hidalgo AJ, Sáez-Martínez P, Gómez-Gómez E, León-González AJ, Fuentes-Fayos AC, Yubero-Serrano EM, Requena-Tapia MJ, López M, Castaño JP, Gahete MD, Luque RM. Clinical, Cellular, and Molecular Evidence of the Additive Antitumor Effects of Biguanides and Statins in Prostate Cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e696-e710. [PMID: 33247590 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death among the male population worldwide. Unfortunately, current medical treatments fail to prevent PCa progression in a high percentage of cases; therefore, new therapeutic tools to tackle PCa are urgently needed. Biguanides and statins have emerged as antitumor agents for several endocrine-related cancers. OBJECTIVE To evaluate: (1) the putative in vivo association between metformin and/or statins treatment and key tumor and clinical parameters and (2) the direct effects of different biguanides (metformin/buformin/phenformin), statins (atorvastatin/simvastatin/lovastatin), and their combination, on key functional endpoints and associated signalling mechanisms. METHODS An exploratory/observational retrospective cohort of patients with PCa (n = 75) was analyzed. Moreover, normal and tumor prostate cells (normal [RWPE-cells/primary prostate cell cultures]; tumor [LNCaP/22RV1/PC3/DU145 cell lines]) were used to measure proliferation/migration/tumorsphere-formation/signalling pathways. RESULTS The combination of metformin+statins in vivo was associated to lower Gleason score and longer biochemical recurrence-free survival. Moreover, biguanides and statins exerted strong antitumor actions (ie, inhibition of proliferation/migration/tumorsphere formation) on PCa cells, and that their combination further decreased; in addition, these functional parameters compared with the individual treatments. These actions were mediated through modulation of key oncogenic and metabolic signalling pathways (ie, AR/mTOR/AMPK/AKT/ERK) and molecular mediators (MKI67/cMYC/androgen receptor/cell-cycle inhibitors). CONCLUSIONS Biguanides and statins significantly reduced tumor aggressiveness in PCa, with this effect being more potent (in vitro and in vivo) when both compounds are combined. Therefore, given the demonstrated clinical safety of biguanides and statins, our results suggest a potential therapeutic role of these compounds, especially their combination, for the treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Jiménez-Vacas
- Maimonides I nstitute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Vicente Herrero-Aguayo
- Maimonides I nstitute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio J Montero-Hidalgo
- Maimonides I nstitute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Prudencio Sáez-Martínez
- Maimonides I nstitute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gómez
- Maimonides I nstitute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Urology Service, HURS/IMIBIC, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio J León-González
- Maimonides I nstitute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio C Fuentes-Fayos
- Maimonides I nstitute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Elena M Yubero-Serrano
- Maimonides I nstitute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clinica Medicina Interna, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María J Requena-Tapia
- Maimonides I nstitute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Urology Service, HURS/IMIBIC, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides I nstitute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides I nstitute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides I nstitute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
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13
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The anti-cancer effects of phenformin in thyroid cancer cell lines and in normal thyrocytes. Oncotarget 2019; 10:6432-6443. [PMID: 31741708 PMCID: PMC6849649 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenformin is a biguanide drug which, besides the original anti-diabetic effect, also exerts anti-cancer effects. The aim of this study was to further characterize these latter in terms of both cell-viability and modulation of the secretion of the pro-tumorigenic chemokine CXCL8. Normal human thyrocytes in primary cultures (NHT) and thyroid cancer cell lines, TPC-1 and 8505C (RET/PTC and BRAFV600E mutated, respectively) were treated with increasing concentrations of phenformin at different times. Cell-viability was assessed by WST-1 and further characterized by AnnexinV/PI staining and cell proliferation colony-assay. CXCL8 levels were measured in cell supernatants. Phenformin reduced cell-viability in TPC-1 and 8505C and their ability to form colonies. In NHT cells, phenformin affected cell-viability only at the maximal dose but interestingly it inhibited CXCL8 secretion at all the concentrations not affecting cell-viability. Phenformin had no effect on CXCL8 secretion in thyroid cancer cell lines. Thus, phenformin exerts anti-cancer effects on both cancer cells (cell death induction) and surrounding normal cells (inhibition of CXCL8 secretion). These results highlight that the anti-cancer effects of phenformin are multifaceted and effective on both solid and soluble components of the tumor-microenvironment.
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14
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Pecinová A, Brázdová A, Drahota Z, Houštěk J, Mráček T. Mitochondrial targets of metformin-Are they physiologically relevant? Biofactors 2019; 45:703-711. [PMID: 31343786 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is the most widely prescribed treatment of hyperglycemia and type II diabetes since 1970s. During the last 15 years, its popularity increased due to epidemiological evidence, that metformin administration reduces incidence of cancer. However, despite the ongoing effort of many researchers, the molecular mechanisms underlying antihyperglycemic or antineoplastic action of metformin remain elusive. Most frequently, metformin is associated with modulation of mitochondrial metabolism leading to lowering of blood glucose or activation of antitumorigenic pathways. Here we review the reported effects of metformin on mitochondrial metabolism and their potential relevance as effective molecular targets with beneficial therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Pecinová
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Brázdová
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Drahota
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Houštěk
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Mráček
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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15
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Heinz S, Freyberger A, Lawrenz B, Schladt L, Schmuck G, Ellinger-Ziegelbauer H. Energy metabolism modulation by biguanides in comparison with rotenone in rat liver and heart. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:2603-2615. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Phenformin as an Anticancer Agent: Challenges and Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133316. [PMID: 31284513 PMCID: PMC6651400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is increasing evidence linking diabetes mellitus (especially type 2 diabetes mellitus) with carcinogenesis through various biological processes, such as fat-induced chronic inflammation, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and angiogenesis. Chemotherapeutic agents are used in the treatment of cancer, but in most cases, patients develop resistance. Phenformin, an oral biguanide drug used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, was removed from the market due to a high risk of fatal lactic acidosis. However, it has been shown that phenformin is, with other biguanides, an authentic tumor disruptor, not only by the production of hypoglycemia due to caloric restriction through AMP-activated protein kinase with energy detection (AMPK) but also as a blocker of the mTOR regulatory complex. Moreover, the addition of phenformin eliminates resistance to antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), which prevent the uncontrolled metabolism of glucose in tumor cells. In this review, we evidence the great potential of phenformin as an anticancer agent. We thoroughly review its mechanism of action and clinical trial assays, specially focusing on current challenges and future perspectives of this promising drug.
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17
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Rozanov D, Cheltsov A, Nilsen A, Boniface C, Forquer I, Korkola J, Gray J, Tyner J, Tognon CE, Mills GB, Spellman P. Targeting mitochondria in cancer therapy could provide a basis for the selective anti-cancer activity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0205623. [PMID: 30908483 PMCID: PMC6433232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the target of the recently identified lead compound NSC130362 that is responsible for its selective anti-cancer efficacy and safety in normal cells, structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies were conducted. First, NSC13062 was validated as a starting compound for the described SAR studies in a variety of cell-based viability assays. Then, a small library of 1,4-naphthoquinines (1,4-NQs) and quinoline-5,8-diones was tested in cell viability assays using pancreatic cancer MIA PaCa-2 cells and normal human hepatocytes. The obtained data allowed us to select a set of both non-toxic compounds that preferentially induced apoptosis in cancer cells and toxic compounds that induced apoptosis in both cancer and normal cells. Anti-cancer activity of the selected non-toxic compounds was confirmed in viability assays using breast cancer HCC1187 cells. Consequently, the two sets of compounds were tested in multiple cell-based and in vitro activity assays to identify key factors responsible for the observed activity. Inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transfer chain (ETC) is a key distinguishing activity between the non-toxic and toxic compounds. Finally, we developed a mathematical model that was able to distinguish these two sets of compounds. The development of this model supports our conclusion that appropriate quantitative SAR (QSAR) models have the potential to be employed to develop anti-cancer compounds with improved potency while maintaining non-toxicity to normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Rozanov
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Anton Cheltsov
- Q-MOL LLC, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Aaron Nilsen
- Medicinal Chemistry Core, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Christopher Boniface
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Isaac Forquer
- Chemistry Department, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - James Korkola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Joe Gray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Tyner
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Cristina E. Tognon
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Gordon B. Mills
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Paul Spellman
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
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18
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Barbieri F, Verduci I, Carlini V, Zona G, Pagano A, Mazzanti M, Florio T. Repurposed Biguanide Drugs in Glioblastoma Exert Antiproliferative Effects via the Inhibition of Intracellular Chloride Channel 1 Activity. Front Oncol 2019; 9:135. [PMID: 30918838 PMCID: PMC6424887 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of in-depth knowledge about the molecular determinants of glioblastoma (GBM) occurrence and progression, combined with few effective and BBB crossing-targeted compounds represents a major challenge for the discovery of novel and efficacious drugs for GBM. Among relevant molecular factors controlling the aggressive behavior of GBM, chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) represents an emerging prognostic and predictive biomarker, as well as a promising therapeutic target. CLIC1 is a metamorphic protein, co-existing as both soluble cytoplasmic and membrane-associated conformers, with the latter acting as chloride selective ion channel. CLIC1 is involved in several physiological cell functions and its abnormal expression triggers tumor development, favoring tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. CLIC1 overexpression is associated with aggressive features of various human solid tumors, including GBM, in which its expression level is correlated with poor prognosis. Moreover, increasing evidence shows that modification of microglia ion channel activity, and CLIC1 in particular, contributes to the development of different neuropathological states and brain tumors. Intriguingly, CLIC1 is constitutively active within cancer stem cells (CSCs), while it seems less relevant for the survival of non-CSC GBM subpopulations and for normal cells. CSCs represent GBM development and progression driving force, being endowed with stem cell-like properties (self-renewal and differentiation), ability to survive therapies, to expand and differentiate, causing tumor recurrence. Downregulation of CLIC1 results in drastic inhibition of GBM CSC proliferation in vitro and in vivo, making the control of the activity this of channel a possible innovative pharmacological target. Recently, drugs belonging to the biguanide class (including metformin) were reported to selectively inhibit CLIC1 activity in CSCs, impairing their viability and invasiveness, but sparing normal stem cells, thus representing potential novel antitumor drugs with a safe toxicological profile. On these premises, we review the most recent insights into the biological role of CLIC1 as a potential selective pharmacological target in GBM. Moreover, we examine old and new drugs able to functionally target CLIC1 activity, discussing the challenges and potential development of CLIC1-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Barbieri
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, Università di Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ivan Verduci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Carlini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zona
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aldo Pagano
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Mazzanti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tullio Florio
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, Università di Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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SPARC Inhibits Metabolic Plasticity in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10100385. [PMID: 30332737 PMCID: PMC6209984 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The tropism of ovarian cancer (OvCa) to the peritoneal cavity is implicated in widespread dissemination, suboptimal surgery, and poor prognosis. This tropism is influenced by stromal factors that are not only critical for the oncogenic and metastatic cascades, but also in the modulation of cancer cell metabolic plasticity to fulfill their high energy demands. In this respect, we investigated the role of Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC) in metabolic plasticity of OvCa. We used a syngeneic model of OvCa in Sparc-deficient and proficient mice to gain comprehensive insight into the paracrine effect of stromal-SPARC in metabolic programming of OvCa in the peritoneal milieu. Metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling of micro-dissected syngeneic peritoneal tumors revealed that the absence of stromal-Sparc led to significant upregulation of the enzymes involved in glycolysis, TCA cycle, and mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), and their metabolic intermediates. Absence of stromal-Sparc increased reactive oxygen species and perturbed redox homeostasis. Recombinant SPARC exerted a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on glycolysis, mitochondrial respiration, ATP production and ROS generation. Comparative analysis with human tumors revealed that SPARC-regulated ETC-signature inversely correlated with SPARC transcripts. Targeting mitochondrial ETC by phenformin treatment of tumor-bearing Sparc-deficient and proficient mice mitigated the effect of SPARC-deficiency and significantly reduced tumor burden, ROS, and oxidative tissue damage in syngeneic tumors. In summary, our findings provide novel insights into the role of SPARC in regulating metabolic plasticity and bioenergetics in OvCa, and shines light on its potential therapeutic efficacy.
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Shah RR, Stonier PD. Repurposing old drugs in oncology: Opportunities with clinical and regulatory challenges ahead. J Clin Pharm Ther 2018; 44:6-22. [PMID: 30218625 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE In order to expedite the availability of drugs to treat cancers in a cost-effective manner, repurposing of old drugs for oncological indications is gathering momentum. Revolutionary advances in pharmacology and genomics have demonstrated many old drugs to have activity at novel antioncogenic pharmacological targets. We decided to investigate whether prospective studies support the promises of nonclinical and retrospective clinical studies on repurposing three old drugs, namely metformin, valproate and astemizole. METHODS We conducted an extensive literature search through PubMed to gather representative nonclinical and retrospective clinical studies that investigated the potential repurposing of these three drugs for oncological indications. We then searched for prospective studies aimed at confirming the promises of retrospective data. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION While evidence from nonclinical and retrospective clinical studies with these drugs appears highly promising, large scale prospective studies are either lacking or have failed to substantiate this promise. We provide a brief discussion of some of the challenges in repurposing. Principal challenges and obstacles relate to heterogeneity of cancers studied without considering their molecular signatures, trials with small sample size and short duration, failure consider issues of ethnicity of study population and effective antioncogenic doses of the drug studied. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Well-designed prospective studies demonstrating efficacy are required for repurposing old drugs for oncology indications, just as they are for new chemical entities for any indication. Early and ongoing interactions with regulatory authorities are invaluable. We outline a tentative framework for a structured approach to repurposing old drugs for novel indications in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi R Shah
- Pharmaceutical Consultant, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - Peter D Stonier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College, London, UK
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Anderson RG, Ghiraldeli LP, Pardee TS. Mitochondria in cancer metabolism, an organelle whose time has come? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:96-102. [PMID: 29807044 PMCID: PMC6420819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have long been controversial organelles in cancer. Early discoveries in cancer metabolism placed much emphasis on cytosolic contributions. Initial debate focused on if mitochondria had a role in cancer formation and progression at all. More recently the contributions of mitochondria to cancer development and progression have become firmly established. This has led to the identification of novel targets and inhibitors being studied as new therapeutic approaches. This review will summarize the role of mitochondria in cancer and highlight several agents under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca G Anderson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, United States
| | - Lais P Ghiraldeli
- Department of Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, United States
| | - Timothy S Pardee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, United States; Section on Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, United States; Rafael Pharmaceuticals, Newark, NJ, United States.
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