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Hayden AN, Brandel KL, Merlau PR, Vijayakumar P, Leptich EJ, Pietryk EW, Gaytan ES, Ni CW, Chao HT, Rosenfeld JA, Arey RN. Behavioral screening of conserved RNA-binding proteins reveals CEY-1/YBX RNA-binding protein dysfunction leads to impairments in memory and cognition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.05.574402. [PMID: 38260399 PMCID: PMC10802296 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.05.574402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate translation and plasticity which are required for memory. RBP dysfunction has been linked to a range of neurological disorders where cognitive impairments are a key symptom. However, of the 2,000 RBPs in the human genome, many are uncharacterized with regards to neurological phenotypes. To address this, we used the model organism C. elegans to assess the role of 20 conserved RBPs in memory. We identified eight previously uncharacterized memory regulators, three of which are in the C. elegans Y-Box (CEY) RBP family. Of these, we determined that cey-1 is the closest ortholog to the mammalian Y-Box (YBX) RBPs. We found that CEY-1 is both necessary in the nervous system for memory ability and sufficient to increase memory. Leveraging human datasets, we found both copy number variation losses and single nucleotide variants in YBX1 and YBX3 in individuals with neurological symptoms. We identified one predicted deleterious YBX3 variant of unknown significance, p.Asn127Tyr, in two individuals with neurological symptoms. Introducing this variant into endogenous cey-1 locus caused memory deficits in the worm. We further generated two humanized worm lines expressing human YBX3 or YBX1 at the cey-1 locus to test evolutionary conservation of YBXs in memory and the potential functional significance of the p.Asn127Tyr variant. Both YBX1/3 can functionally replace cey-1, and introduction of p.Asn127Tyr into the humanized YBX3 locus caused memory deficits. Our study highlights the worm as a model to reveal memory regulators and identifies YBX dysfunction as a potential new source of rare neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Hayden
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Katie L Brandel
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Paul R Merlau
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | | | - Emily J Leptich
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Edward W Pietryk
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Elizabeth S Gaytan
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Postbaccalaureate Research Education Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Connie W Ni
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Department of Neuroscience, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | - Hsiao-Tuan Chao
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Cain Pediatric Neurology Research Foundation Laboratories, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030
- McNair Medical Institute, The Robert and Janice McNair Foundation, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, TX 77021
| | - Rachel N Arey
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
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Gautam P, Ajit K, Das M, Taliyan R, Roy R, Banerjee A. Age-related changes in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) splice variants in mouse brain. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 339:193-209. [PMID: 36336790 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is the primary regulator of the mammalian reproductive axis. We investigated the spatiotemporal expression of GnRH splice variants (V1, V2, and V3) and splicing factors (Srsf7, Srsf9, and Tra-2) in the male mice brain. Further, using in silico tools, we predicted protein structure and the reason for the low translational efficiency of V2 and V3. Messenger RNA levels of GnRH variants and splicing factors were quantified using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction at different age groups. Our data show that expression of almost all the variants alters with aging in all the brain regions studied; even in comparison to the hypothalamus, several brain areas were found to have higher expression of these variants. Hypothalamic expression of splicing factors such as Srsf7, Srsf9, and Tra-2 also change with aging. Computational studies have translation repressors site on the V3, which probably reduces its translation efficiency. Also, V2 is an intrinsically disordered protein that might have a regulatory or signaling function. In conclusion, this study provides novel crucial information and multiple starting points for future analysis of GnRH splice variants in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Gautam
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, KK Birla, Goa Campus, Goa, India
| | - Kamal Ajit
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, KK Birla, Goa Campus, Goa, India
| | - Moitreyi Das
- Department of Zoology, Goa University, Goa, India
| | - Rajeev Taliyan
- Department of Pharmacy, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Arnab Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, KK Birla, Goa Campus, Goa, India
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Malone TJ, Kaczmarek LK. The role of altered translation in intellectual disability and epilepsy. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 213:102267. [PMID: 35364140 PMCID: PMC10583652 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A very high proportion of cases of intellectual disability are genetic in origin and are associated with the occurrence of epileptic seizures during childhood. These two disorders together effect more than 5% of the world's population. One feature linking the two diseases is that learning and memory require the synthesis of new synaptic components and ion channels, while maintenance of overall excitability also requires synthesis of similar proteins in response to altered neuronal stimulation. Many of these disorders result from mutations in proteins that regulate mRNA processing, translation initiation, translation elongation, mRNA stability or upstream translation modulators. One theme that emerges on reviewing this field is that mutations in proteins that regulate changes in translation following neuronal stimulation are more likely to result in epilepsy with intellectual disability than general translation regulators with no known role in activity-dependent changes. This is consistent with the notion that activity-dependent translation in neurons differs from that in other cells types in that the changes in local cellular composition, morphology and connectivity that occur generally in response to stimuli are directly coupled to local synaptic activity and persist for months or years after the original stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J Malone
- Departments of Pharmacology, and of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street B-309, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Leonard K Kaczmarek
- Departments of Pharmacology, and of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street B-309, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Li X, Zhu M, Zang M, Cao D, Xie Z, Liang H, Bian Z, Zhao T, Hu Z, Xu EY. PUMILIO-mediated translational control of somatic cell cycle program promotes folliculogenesis and contributes to ovarian cancer progression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:279. [PMID: 35507203 PMCID: PMC11072887 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04254-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Translational control is a fundamental mechanism regulating animal germ cell development. Gonadal somatic cells provide support and microenvironment for germ cell development to ensure fertility, yet the roles of translational control in gonadal somatic compartment remain largely undefined. We found that mouse homolog of conserved fly germline stem cell factor Pumilio, PUM1, is absent in oocytes of all growing follicles after the primordial follicle stage, instead, it is highly expressed in somatic compartments of ovaries. Global loss of Pum1, not oocyte-specific loss of Pum1, led to a significant reduction in follicular number and size as well as fertility. Whole-genome identification of PUM1 targets in ovarian somatic cells revealed an enrichment of cell proliferation pathway, including 48 key regulators of cell phase transition. Consistently granulosa cells proliferation is reduced and the protein expression of the PUM-bound Cell Cycle Regulators (PCCR) were altered accordingly in mutant ovaries, and specifically in granulosa cells. Increase in negative regulator expression and decrease in positive regulators in the mutant ovaries support a coordinated translational control of somatic cell cycle program via PUM proteins. Furthermore, postnatal knockdown, but not postnatal oocyte-specific loss, of Pum1 in Pum2 knockout mice reduced follicular growth and led to similar expression alteration of PCCR genes, supporting a critical role of PUM-mediated translational control in ovarian somatic cells for mammalian female fertility. Finally, expression of human PUM protein and its regulated cell cycle targets exhibited significant correlation with ovarian cancer and prognosis for cancer survival. Hence, PUMILIO-mediated cell cycle regulation represents an important mechanism in mammalian female reproduction and human cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (Suzhou Centre), The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Min Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Dandan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Zhengyao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Haibo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Zexin Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (Suzhou Centre), The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Eugene Yujun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Department of Neurology, Center for Reproductive Science, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA.
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Schieweck R, Riedemann T, Forné I, Harner M, Bauer KE, Rieger D, Ang FY, Hutten S, Demleitner AF, Popper B, Derdak S, Sutor B, Bilban M, Imhof A, Kiebler MA. Pumilio2 and Staufen2 selectively balance the synaptic proteome. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109279. [PMID: 34161769 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons have the capacity to adapt to environmental stimuli, a phenomenon termed cellular plasticity. The underlying processes are controlled by a network of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Their precise impact, however, is largely unknown. To address this important question, we chose Pumilio2 (Pum2) and Staufen2 (Stau2), which both regulate synaptic transmission. Surprisingly, even though both RBPs dynamically interact with each other in neurons, their respective impact on the transcriptome and proteome is highly selective. Although Pum2 deficiency leads to reduced translation and protein expression, Stau2 depletion preferentially impacts RNA levels and increases protein abundance. Furthermore, we show that Pum2 activates expression of key GABAergic synaptic components, e.g., the GABAA receptor scaffold protein Gephyrin. Consequently, Pum2 depletion selectively reduced the amplitude of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents. Together, our data argue for an important role of RBPs to maintain proteostasis in order to control distinct aspects of synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Schieweck
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Department for Cell Biology & Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Therese Riedemann
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ignasi Forné
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Department for Molecular Biology (Protein Analysis Unit), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Max Harner
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Department for Cell Biology & Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Karl E Bauer
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Department for Cell Biology & Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Daniela Rieger
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Department for Cell Biology & Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Foong Yee Ang
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Department for Cell Biology & Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Saskia Hutten
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Department for Cell Biology & Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Antonia F Demleitner
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Department for Cell Biology & Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Bastian Popper
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Department for Cell Biology & Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Biomedical Center (BMC), Core Facility Animal Models, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sophia Derdak
- Medical University of Vienna, Core Facilities, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Sutor
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martin Bilban
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Core Facility Genomics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Axel Imhof
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Department for Molecular Biology (Protein Analysis Unit), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Michael A Kiebler
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Department for Cell Biology & Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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6
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Wolfe MB, Schagat TL, Paulsen MT, Magnuson B, Ljungman M, Park D, Zhang C, Campbell ZT, Goldstrohm AC, Freddolino PL. Principles of mRNA control by human PUM proteins elucidated from multimodal experiments and integrative data analysis. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 26:1680-1703. [PMID: 32753408 PMCID: PMC7566576 DOI: 10.1261/rna.077362.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The human PUF-family proteins, PUM1 and PUM2, posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression by binding to a PUM recognition element (PRE) in the 3'-UTR of target mRNAs. Hundreds of PUM1/2 targets have been identified from changes in steady-state RNA levels; however, prior studies could not differentiate between the contributions of changes in transcription and RNA decay rates. We applied metabolic labeling to measure changes in RNA turnover in response to depletion of PUM1/2, showing that human PUM proteins regulate expression almost exclusively by changing RNA stability. We also applied an in vitro selection workflow to precisely identify the binding preferences of PUM1 and PUM2. By integrating our results with prior knowledge, we developed a "rulebook" of key contextual features that differentiate functional versus nonfunctional PREs, allowing us to train machine learning models that accurately predict the functional regulation of RNA targets by the human PUM proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Wolfe
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | | - Michelle T Paulsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Brian Magnuson
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Mats Ljungman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Daeyoon Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Zachary T Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Aaron C Goldstrohm
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Peter L Freddolino
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Oliveira NCM, Lins ÉM, Massirer KB, Bengtson MH. Translational Control during Mammalian Neocortex Development and Postembryonic Neuronal Function. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 114:36-46. [PMID: 33020045 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The control of mRNA translation has key roles in the regulation of gene expression and biological processes such as mammalian cellular differentiation and identity. Methodological advances in the last decade have resulted in considerable progress towards understanding how translational control contributes to the regulation of diverse biological phenomena. In this review, we discuss recent findings in the involvement of translational control in the mammalian neocortex development and neuronal biology. We focus on regulatory mechanisms that modulate translational efficiency during neural stem cells self-renewal and differentiation, as well as in neuronal-related processes such as synapse, plasticity, and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natássia Cristina Martins Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering - CBMEG, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-875, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Center of Medicinal Chemistry - CQMED, Structural Genomics Consortium - SGC, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-886, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Érico Moreto Lins
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil; PhD Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PGBM), UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Katlin Brauer Massirer
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering - CBMEG, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-875, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Center of Medicinal Chemistry - CQMED, Structural Genomics Consortium - SGC, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-886, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mário Henrique Bengtson
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Center of Medicinal Chemistry - CQMED, Structural Genomics Consortium - SGC, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 13083-886, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Cataloguing and Selection of mRNAs Localized to Dendrites in Neurons and Regulated by RNA-Binding Proteins in RNA Granules. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020167. [PMID: 31978946 PMCID: PMC7072219 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatiotemporal translational regulation plays a key role in determining cell fate and function. Specifically, in neurons, local translation in dendrites is essential for synaptic plasticity and long-term memory formation. To achieve local translation, RNA-binding proteins in RNA granules regulate target mRNA stability, localization, and translation. To date, mRNAs localized to dendrites have been identified by comprehensive analyses. In addition, mRNAs associated with and regulated by RNA-binding proteins have been identified using various methods in many studies. However, the results obtained from these numerous studies have not been compiled together. In this review, we have catalogued mRNAs that are localized to dendrites and are associated with and regulated by the RNA-binding proteins fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), RNA granule protein 105 (RNG105, also known as Caprin1), Ras-GAP SH3 domain binding protein (G3BP), cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1 (CPEB1), and staufen double-stranded RNA binding proteins 1 and 2 (Stau1 and Stau2) in RNA granules. This review provides comprehensive information on dendritic mRNAs, the neuronal functions of mRNA-encoded proteins, the association of dendritic mRNAs with RNA-binding proteins in RNA granules, and the effects of RNA-binding proteins on mRNA regulation. These findings provide insights into the mechanistic basis of protein-synthesis-dependent synaptic plasticity and memory formation and contribute to future efforts to understand the physiological implications of local regulation of dendritic mRNAs in neurons.
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