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Niu Z, Wu J, Zhao Q, Zhang J, Zhang P, Yang Y. CAR-based immunotherapy for breast cancer: peculiarities, ongoing investigations, and future strategies. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1385571. [PMID: 38680498 PMCID: PMC11045891 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Surgery, chemotherapy, and endocrine therapy have improved the overall survival and postoperative recurrence rates of Luminal A, Luminal B, and HER2-positive breast cancers but treatment modalities for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with poor prognosis remain limited. The effective application of the rapidly developing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy in hematological tumors provides new ideas for the treatment of breast cancer. Choosing suitable and specific targets is crucial for applying CAR-T therapy for breast cancer treatment. In this paper, we summarize CAR-T therapy's effective targets and potential targets in different subtypes based on the existing research progress, especially for TNBC. CAR-based immunotherapy has resulted in advancements in the treatment of breast cancer. CAR-macrophages, CAR-NK cells, and CAR-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be more effective and safer for treating solid tumors, such as breast cancer. However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) of breast tumors and the side effects of CAR-T therapy pose challenges to CAR-based immunotherapy. CAR-T cells and CAR-NK cells-derived exosomes are advantageous in tumor therapy. Exosomes carrying CAR for breast cancer immunotherapy are of immense research value and may provide a treatment modality with good treatment effects. In this review, we provide an overview of the development and challenges of CAR-based immunotherapy in treating different subtypes of breast cancer and discuss the progress of CAR-expressing exosomes for breast cancer treatment. We elaborate on the development of CAR-T cells in TNBC therapy and the prospects of using CAR-macrophages, CAR-NK cells, and CAR-MSCs for treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipu Niu
- Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingyuan Wu
- Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiancheng Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pengyu Zhang
- Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yiming Yang
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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2
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Park J, Kang SK, Kwon WS, Jeong I, Kim TS, Yu SY, Cho SW, Chung HC, Rha SY. Novel HER2-targeted therapy to overcome trastuzumab resistance in HER2-amplified gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22648. [PMID: 38114573 PMCID: PMC10730520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49646-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab is used to treat HER2-amplified metastatic gastric cancer; however, most patients become trastuzumab-resistant within a year. Knowledge of the mechanisms underlying trastuzumab resistance is required to overcome this limitation. Here, we aimed to elucidate this resistance mechanism using four trastuzumab-resistant (TR) cell lines and investigate the efficacy of HER2-targeted therapies to overcome treatment resistance. Each TR cell line had different phenotypic characteristics. Interestingly, HER2 expression remained as high as the parental cell lines in TR cell lines, suggesting that HER2-targeted agents were still useful. As expected, three tyrosine kinase inhibitors (lapatinib, neratinib, and tucatinib) and one antibody-drug conjugate (trastuzumab deruxtecan: T-DXd) exhibited good antitumor effects against TR cell lines. We further investigated the potential biological mechanism of T-DXd. When treated with trastuzumab or T-DXd, HER2 or its downstream signals were disrupted in parental cell lines, but not in TR cell lines. Moreover, T-DXd induced the expression of pH2A.X and cPARP and caused cell cycle arrest in the S or G2-M phase in TR cell lines. T-DXd showed promising antitumor activity in both parental and TR cell lines, suggesting that it is a potential candidate for overcoming trastuzumab resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juin Park
- Song-Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Kyoung Kang
- Song-Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sun Kwon
- Song-Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhye Jeong
- Song-Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Soo Kim
- Song-Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Yu
- Song-Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Cho
- Song-Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Chung
- Song-Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Song-Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Hermawan A, Wulandari F, Yudi Utomo R, Asmah Susidarti R, Kirihata M, Meiyanto E. Transcriptomics analyses reveal the effects of Pentagamaboronon-0-ol on PI3K/Akt and cell cycle of HER2+ breast cancer cells. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101847. [PMID: 38028209 PMCID: PMC10652209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Monoclonal antibodies and targeted therapies against HER2+ breast cancer has improved overall and disease-free survival in patients; however, encountering drug resistance causes recurrence, necessitating the development of newer HER2-targeted medications. A curcumin analog PGB-0-ol showed most cytotoxicity against HCC1954 HER2+ breast cancer cells than against other subtypes of breast cancer cells. Objective Here, we employed next-generation sequencing technology to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of PGB-0-ol on HCC1954 HER2+ breast cancer cells. Methods The molecular mechanism underlying the action of PGB-0-ol on HCC1954 HER2+ breast cancer cells was determined using next-generation sequencing technologies. Additional bioinformatics studies were performed, including gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, disease-gene, and drug-gene associations, network topology analysis (NTA), and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Results We detected 2,263 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (1,459 upregulated and 804 downregulated) in the PGB-0-ol- and DMSO-treated HCC1954 cells. KEGG enrichment data revealed the control of phosphatidylinositol signaling system, and ErbB signaling following PGB-0-ol treatment. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis demonstrated that these DEGs governed cell cycle, participated in the mitotic spindle and nuclear membrane, and controlled kinase activity at the molecular level. According to the NTA data for GO enrichment, GSEA data for KEGG, drug-gene and disease-gene, PGB-0-ol regulated PI3K/Akt signaling and cell cycle in breast cancer. Overall, our investigation revealed the transcriptomic profile of PGB-0-ol-treated HCC1954 breast cancer cells following PGB-0-ol therapy. Bioinformatics analyses showed that PI3K/Akt signaling and cell cycle was modulated. However, further studies are required to validate the findings of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hermawan
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences. APSLC Building, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Febri Wulandari
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rohmad Yudi Utomo
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ratna Asmah Susidarti
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mitsunori Kirihata
- Research Center for BNCT, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
| | - Edy Meiyanto
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Liu C, Lu C, Yixi L, Hong J, Dong F, Ruan S, Hu T, Zhao X. Exosomal Linc00969 induces trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer by increasing HER-2 protein expression and mRNA stability by binding to HUR. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:124. [PMID: 37848981 PMCID: PMC10580635 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01720-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant disease in female patients worldwide. In HER-2+ BC patients, trastuzumab therapy is associated with a better prognosis. However, many HER-2+ BC patients experience recurrence or metastasis because of trastuzumab resistance. The mechanisms underlying trastuzumab resistance remain unclear. Recently, substantial evidence has suggested that exosomes are associated with drug resistance, and lncRNAs have attracted increasing attention due to their potential role in the regulation of trastuzumab resistance. METHODS We collected the exosomes from the plasma of BC patients with and without trastuzumab resistance, sequenced the whole transcriptomes, identified differentially expressed lncRNAs, and identified lncRNA Linc00969, which was overexpressed in trastuzumab-resistant patients. Then, we established trastuzumab-resistant BC cell lines and explored the role of exosomal Linc00969 in trastuzumab resistance in vitro and in vivo by silencing or overexpressing Linc00969 and performing a series of functional analyses. Furthermore, to explore the mechanism by which exosomal Linc00969 contributes to trastuzumab resistance, we measured changes in HER-2, HUR and autophagy-related protein expression levels after regulating Linc00969 expression. In addition, we investigated the interaction between Linc00969 and HUR via pull-down and RIP assays and the effect of HUR on HER-2 expression and trastuzumab resistance after blocking HUR. RESULTS We first found that exosomal lncRNA Linc00969 was overexpressed in trastuzumab-resistant BC patients and that exosome-mediated Linc00969 transfer could disseminate trastuzumab resistance in BC. Then, we found that silencing Linc00969 could reduce trastuzumab resistance and that overexpressing Linc00969 could enhance trastuzumab resistance. Furthermore, our results showed that Linc00969 could upregulate HER-2 expression at the protein level and maintain the stability of HER-2 mRNA by binding to HUR. Additionally, we found that exosomal Linc00969 could regulate trastuzumab resistance by inducing autophagy. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we first identified that exosomal lncRNA Linc00969 could induce trastuzumab resistance by increasing HER-2 protein expression and mRNA stability by binding to HUR, and Linc00969 might also be involved in trastuzumab resistance by inducing autophagy. Our results elucidate a novel mechanism underlying trastuzumab resistance, and Linc00969 might be a new target for improving the treatment of HER-2+ BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiwei Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chong Lu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lamu Yixi
- Tibet Shannan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shannan, 856000, Tibet, China
| | - Jiaxing Hong
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shengnan Ruan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ting Hu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Tibet Shannan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shannan, 856000, Tibet, China.
| | - Xiangwang Zhao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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5
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Pengnam S, Opanasopit P, Rojanarata T, Yingyongnarongkul BE, Thongbamrer C, Plianwong S. Dual-Targeted Therapy in HER2-Overexpressing Breast Cancer with Trastuzumab and Novel Cholesterol-Based Nioplexes Silencing Mcl-1. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2424. [PMID: 37896184 PMCID: PMC10610066 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The challenge in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer therapy lies in creating an effective target therapy to overcome treatment resistance. Monoclonal antibodies and target gene silencing by siRNA are two potential strategies that have been widely developed for treating HER2-positive breast cancer. The siRNA delivery system is a crucial factor that influences siRNA therapy's success. In this study, lipid-based nanoparticles (cationic niosomes) composed of different cholesterol-based cationic lipids were formulated and characterized for delivering siRNA into HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Niosomes containing a trimethylammonium headgroup showed the highest siRNA delivery efficiency with low toxicity. The myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) siRNA nioplex treatment significantly decreased mRNA expression and breast cancer cell growth. Dual-targeted therapy, consisting of treatment with an Mcl-1 siRNA nioplex and trastuzumab (TZ) solution, noticeably promoted cell-growth inhibition and apoptosis. The synergistic effect of dual therapy was also demonstrated by computer modeling software (CompuSyn version 1.0). These findings suggest that the developed cationic niosomes were effective nanocarriers for siRNA delivery in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, the Mcl-1 nioplex/TZ dual treatment establishes a synergistic outcome that may have the potential to treat HER2-overexpressing breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supusson Pengnam
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (S.P.); (P.O.); (T.R.)
| | - Praneet Opanasopit
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (S.P.); (P.O.); (T.R.)
| | - Theerasak Rojanarata
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (S.P.); (P.O.); (T.R.)
| | - Boon-ek Yingyongnarongkul
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand; (B.-e.Y.); (C.T.)
| | - Chopaka Thongbamrer
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand; (B.-e.Y.); (C.T.)
| | - Samarwadee Plianwong
- Pharmaceutical Innovations of Natural Products Unit (PhInNat), Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
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Ducharme M, Hall L, Eckenroad W, Cingoranelli SJ, Houson HA, Jaskowski L, Hunter C, Larimer BM, Lapi SE. Evaluation of [ 89Zr]Zr-DFO-2Rs15d Nanobody for Imaging of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4629-4639. [PMID: 37552575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the most aggressive forms of breast cancer involves the overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). HER2 is overexpressed in ∼25% of all breast cancers and is associated with increased proliferation, increased rates of metastasis, and poor prognosis. Treatment for HER2-positive breast cancer has vastly improved since the development of the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin) as well as other biological constructs. However, patients still commonly develop resistance, illustrating the need for newer therapies. Nanobodies have become an important focus for potential development as HER2-targeting imaging agents and therapeutics. Nanobodies have many favorable characteristics, including high stability in heat and nonphysiological pH, while maintaining their low-nanomolar affinity for their designed targets. Specifically, the 2Rs15d nanobody has been developed for targeting HER2 and has been evaluated as a diagnostic imaging agent for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). While a construct of 2Rs15d with the positron emitter 68Ga is currently in phase I clinical trials, the only PET images acquired in preclinical or clinical research have been within 3 h postinjection. We evaluated our in-house produced 2Rs15d nanobody, conjugated with the chelator deferoxamine (DFO), and radiolabeled with 89Zr for PET imaging up to 72 h postinjection. [89Zr]Zr-DFO-2Rs15d demonstrated high stability in both phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and human serum. Cell binding studies showed high binding and specificity for HER2, as well as prominent internalization. Our in vivo PET imaging confirmed high-quality visualization of HER2-positive tumors up to 72 h postinjection, whereas HER2-negative tumors were not visualized. Subsequent biodistribution studies quantitatively supported the significant HER2-positive tumor uptake compared to the negative control. Our studies fill an important gap in understanding the imaging and binding properties of the 2Rs15d nanobody at extended time points. As many therapeutic radioisotopes have single or multiday half-lives, this information will directly benefit the potential of the radiotherapy development of 2Rs15d for HER2-positive breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Ducharme
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Lucinda Hall
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Whitney Eckenroad
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Shelbie J Cingoranelli
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Hailey A Houson
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Luke Jaskowski
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Chanelle Hunter
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Benjamin M Larimer
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
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Sun Y, Yu X, Wang X, Yuan K, Wang G, Hu L, Zhang G, Pei W, Wang L, Sun C, Yang P. Bispecific antibodies in cancer therapy: Target selection and regulatory requirements. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3583-3597. [PMID: 37719370 PMCID: PMC10501874 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the development of bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) has been rapid, with many new structures and target combinations being created. The boom in bsAbs has led to the successive issuance of industry guidance for their development in the US and China. However, there is a high degree of similarity in target selection, which could affect the development of diversity in bsAbs. This review presents a classification of various bsAbs for cancer therapy based on structure and target selection and examines the advantages of bsAbs over monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Through database research, we have identified the preferences of available bsAbs combinations, suggesting rational target selection options and warning of potential wastage of medical resources. We have also compared the US and Chinese guidelines for bsAbs in order to provide a reference for their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanze Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xinmiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Gefei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lingrong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Guoyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wenli Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Liping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chengliang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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8
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Maharati A, Moghbeli M. Long non-coding RNAs as the critical regulators of PI3K/AKT, TGF-β, and MAPK signaling pathways during breast tumor progression. J Transl Med 2023; 21:556. [PMID: 37596669 PMCID: PMC10439650 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) as one of the most common causes of human deaths among women, is always considered one of the global health challenges. Despite various advances in diagnostic and therapeutic methods, a significant percentage of BC patients have a poor prognosis due to the lack of therapeutic response. Therefore, investigating the molecular mechanisms involved in BC progression can improve the therapeutic and diagnostic strategies in these patients. Cytokine and growth factor-dependent signaling pathways play a key role during BC progression. In addition to cytokines and growth factors, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have also important roles in regulation of such signaling pathways. Therefore, in the present review we discussed the role of lncRNAs in regulation of PI3K/AKT, MAPK, and TGF-β signaling pathways in breast tumor cells. It has been shown that lncRNAs mainly have an oncogenic role through the promotion of these signaling pathways in BC. This review can be an effective step in introducing the lncRNAs inhibition as a probable therapeutic strategy to reduce tumor growth by suppression of PI3K/AKT, MAPK, and TGF-β signaling pathways in BC patients. In addition, considering the oncogenic role and increased levels of lncRNAs expressions in majority of the breast tumors, lncRNAs can be also considered as the reliable diagnostic markers in BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhosein Maharati
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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9
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Gui Z, Liu P, Zhang D, Wang W. Clinical implications and immune implications features of TARS1 in breast cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1207867. [PMID: 37637061 PMCID: PMC10455957 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1207867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There has been an increase in the number of women suffering from breast cancer in recent years, and discovering new therapeutic targets and efficacy predictive markers is critical for comprehensive breast cancer treatment. Methods First, we used bioinformatics methods to analyze TARS1(encoding cytoplasmicthreonyl-tRNA synthetase) expression, prognosis, and clinicopathological characteristics in TCGA database breast cancers, and then we collected breast cancer specimens from our center for validation. TARS1 was then subjected to GSEA (Gene Set Enrichment Analysis) enrichment analysis, GO/KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, and breast cancer immune infiltration characterization. As a last step, we examined TARS1's effects on breast cancer cell behavior with cellular assays. Results The overexpression of TARS1 has been found in several malignant tumors, including breast cancer, and has been linked to poor prognoses. Breast cancers with large primary tumors and negative hormone receptors are more likely to overexpress TARS1. Overexpression of TARS1 promotes the infiltration of T cells, such as Tregs and Th2s, while inhibiting the infiltration of NK cells and CD8+ T cells, which are anticancer cells in breast cancer. TARS1 was also found to be co-expressed with the majority of immune checkpoint-related genes, and breast cancer with TARS1 overexpression responded better to immunotherapy. By knocking down TARS1, breast cancer cells were prevented from proliferating and invading, as well as exhibiting other malignant biological properties. Conclusion According to our study, TARS1 may be an oncogene in breast cancer and may be a biomarker of efficacy or a target of immunotherapy in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Gui
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Piao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wanju Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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10
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Zhang XN, Gao Y, Zhang XY, Guo NJ, Hou WQ, Wang SW, Zheng YC, Wang N, Liu HM, Wang B. Detailed curriculum vitae of HER2-targeted therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 245:108417. [PMID: 37075933 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
With the booming development of precision medicine, molecular targeted therapy has been widely used in clinical oncology treatment due to a smaller number of side effects and its superior accuracy compared to that of traditional strategies. Among them, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapy has attracted considerable attention and has been used in the clinical treatment of breast and gastric cancer. Despite excellent clinical effects, HER2-targeted therapy remains in its infancy due to its resulting inherent and acquired resistance. Here, a comprehensive overview of HER2 in numerous cancers is presented, including its biological role, involved signaling pathways, and the status of HER2-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xi-Ya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning-Jie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen-Qing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shu-Wu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi-Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning Wang
- The School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Bo Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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11
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Wang Z, Tan M, Su W, Huang W, Zhang J, Jia F, Cao G, Liu X, Song H, Ran H, Nie G, Wang H. Persistent Degradation of HER2 Protein by Hybrid nanoPROTAC for Programmed Cell Death. J Med Chem 2023; 66:6263-6273. [PMID: 37092695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) has emerged as a promising strategy for degrading proteins of interest. Peptide-based PROTACs offer several advantages over small-molecule-based PROTACs, such as high specificity, low toxicity, and large protein-protein interaction surfaces. However, peptide-based PROTACs have several intrinsic shortcomings that strongly limit their application including poor cell permeability and low stability and potency. Herein, we designed a nanosized hybrid PROTAC (GNCTACs) to target and degrade human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in tumor cells. Gold nanoclusters (GNCs) were utilized to connect HER2-targeting peptides and cereblon (CRBN)-targeting ligands. GNCTACs could overcome the intrinsic barriers of peptide-based PROTACs, efficiently delivering HER2-targeting peptides in the cytoplasm and protecting them from degradation. Furthermore, a fasting-mimicking diet was applied to enhance the cellular uptake and proteasome activity. Consequently, more than 95% of HER2 in SKBR3 cells was degraded by GNCTACs, and the degradation lasted for at least 72 h, showing a catalytic-like reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mixiao Tan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Wen Su
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenping Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fuhao Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoliang Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xinyang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haohao Song
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haitao Ran
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hai Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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12
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Cabello P, Torres-Ruiz S, Adam-Artigues A, Forés-Martos J, Martínez MT, Hernando C, Zazo S, Madoz-Gúrpide J, Rovira A, Burgués O, Rojo F, Albanell J, Lluch A, Bermejo B, Cejalvo JM, Eroles P. miR-146a-5p Promotes Angiogenesis and Confers Trastuzumab Resistance in HER2+ Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072138. [PMID: 37046799 PMCID: PMC10093389 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab treatment has significantly improved the prognosis of HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Despite this, resistance to therapy still remains the main clinical challenge. In order to evaluate the implication of microRNAs in the trastuzumab response, we performed a microRNA array in parental and acquired trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines. Our results identified miR-146a-5p as the main dysregulated microRNA. Interestingly, high miR-146a-5p expression in primary tumor tissue significantly correlated with shorter disease-free survival in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. The gain- and loss-of-function of miR-146a-5p modulated the response to trastuzumab. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-146a-5p increased migration and angiogenesis, and promoted cell cycle progression by reducing CDKN1A expression. Exosomes from trastuzumab-resistant cells showed a high level of miR-146a-5p expression compared with the parental cells. In addition, the co-culture with resistant cells’ exosomes was able to decrease in sensitivity and increase the migration capacities in trastuzumab-sensitive cells, as well as angiogenesis in HUVEC-2 cells. Collectively, these data support the role of miR-146a-5p in resistance to trastuzumab, and demonstrate that it can be transferred by exosomes conferring resistance properties to other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Cabello
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- International University of Valencia—VIU, 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - María Teresa Martínez
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Clinical Hospital of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Hernando
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Clinical Hospital of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Zazo
- Department of Pathology, Jiménez Díaz Foundation, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Rovira
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Octavio Burgués
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, University Clinical Hospital of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Federico Rojo
- Department of Pathology, Jiménez Díaz Foundation, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Albanell
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Lluch
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Clinical Hospital of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Bermejo
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Clinical Hospital of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Cejalvo
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Clinical Hospital of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Eroles
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Biotechnology, Polytechnic University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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13
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Shariaty Vaziri Z, Shafiee F, Akbari V. Design and construction of scFv-PE35KDEL as a novel immunotoxin against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 for cancer therapy. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:537-550. [PMID: 36807722 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03360-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
PROPOSE Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed on the surface of some kinds of cancer cells including breast cancer. In this study, we designed and produced a novel immunotoxin consisting anti-HER2 single-chain Fv (scFv) from pertuzumab and a modified form of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE35KDEL). METHODS The three-dimensional (3D) structure of the fusion protein (anti-HER IT) was predicted by MODELLER 9.23 and its interaction with HER2 receptor was assessed using HADDOCK web server. Anti-HER2 IT, anti-HER2 scFv, and PE35KDEL proteins were expressed by Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). After purification of the proteins using Ni2+ affinity chromatography and refolding through dialysis, the cytotoxicity of proteins against breast cancer cell lines was examined by MTT assay. RESULTS In-silico studies showed that (EAAAK)2 linker can efficiently prevent the formation of salt bridges between two functional domains and the constructed fusion protein has a high affinity to HER2 receptor. The optimum condition of anti-HER2 IT expression was 25 °C and 1 mM IPTG. The protein was successfully purified and refolded by dialysis with a final yield of 45.7 mg per 1 L of bacterial culture. The cytotoxicity results showed that anti-HER2 IT was much more toxic on HER2-overexpressing cells, BT-474 (IC50 ~ 95 nM) compared with HER2-negative cells, MDA-MB-23 (IC50 ˃ 200 nM). CONCLUSION This novel immunotoxin has the potential to be applied as a therapeutic candidate for HER2-targeted cancer therapy. However further in vitro and in vivo evaluations are still required to confirm the efficacy and safety of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shariaty Vaziri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shafiee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vajihe Akbari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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14
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Sanomachi T, Okuma HS, Kitadai R, Kawachi A, Yazaki S, Tokura M, Arakaki M, Saito A, Kita S, Yamamoto K, Maejima A, Kojima Y, Nishikawa T, Sudo K, Shimoi T, Noguchi E, Fujiwara Y, Sugino H, Shiino S, Suto A, Yoshida M, Yonemori K. Low HER2 expression is a predictor of poor prognosis in stage I triple-negative breast cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1157789. [PMID: 37051545 PMCID: PMC10083471 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1157789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is negative for hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). In stage I TNBC, adjuvant therapy or follow-up are performed according to risk factors, but clinical trial data is scarce. In recent years, it has been reported that HER2-low cases (1+/2+ and in situ hybridization negative) have different prognoses than HER2-0 cases. However, the risk of recurrence and risk factors in this HER2-low population for stage I TNBC have not yet been investigated.MethodsHerein, out of 174 patients with TNBC who underwent surgery from June 2004 to December 2009 at the National Cancer Center Hospital (Tokyo), we retrospectively examined 42 cases diagnosed as T1N0M0 TNBC after excluding those treated with preoperative chemotherapy.ResultsAll patients were female, the median age was 60.5 years, and 11 cases were HER2-low and 31 cases were HER2-0. The median follow-up period was 121 months. Postoperative adjuvant therapy was administered in 30 patients and recurrence occurred in 8 patients. HER2-low cases showed a significantly shorter disease-free survival (HR: 7.0; 95% CI: 1.2– 40.2; P=0.0016) and a trend towards shorter overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58–31.4) compared with that of HER2-0 cases. HER2 was also identified as a factor for poor prognosis from the point- estimated values in univariate and multivariate analyses after confirming that there was no correlation between the other factors.ConclusionFor patients with stage I TNBC, the HER2-low population had a significantly worse prognosis than the HER2-0 population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Sanomachi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Sumiyoshi Okuma
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hitomi Sumiyoshi Okuma,
| | - Rui Kitadai
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asuka Kawachi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Yazaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Momoko Tokura
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoko Arakaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Saito
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shosuke Kita
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kasumi Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aiko Maejima
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Kojima
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Nishikawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sudo
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Shimoi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi Noguchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fujiwara
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Sugino
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Shiino
- Department of Breast Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Suto
- Department of Breast Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yoshida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kan Yonemori
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Targeting receptor tyrosine kinases in ovarian cancer: Genomic dysregulation, clinical evaluation of inhibitors, and potential for combinatorial therapies. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 28:293-306. [PMID: 36911068 PMCID: PMC9999170 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have long been sought as therapeutic targets for EOC, as they are frequently hyperactivated in primary tumors and drive disease relapse, progression, and metastasis. More recently, these oncogenic drivers have been implicated in EOC response to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and epigenome-interfering agents. This evidence revives RTKs as promising targets for therapeutic intervention of EOC. This review summarizes recent studies on the role of RTKs in EOC malignancy and the use of their inhibitors for clinical treatment. Our focus is on the ERBB family, c-Met, and VEGFR, as they are linked to drug resistance and targetable using commercially available drugs. The importance of these RTKs and their inhibitors is highlighted by their impact on signal transduction and intratumoral heterogeneity in EOC and successful use as maintenance therapy in the clinic through suppression of the VEGF/VEGFR axis. Finally, the therapeutic potential of RTK inhibitors is discussed in the context of combinatorial targeting via co-inhibiting proliferative and anti-apoptotic pathways, epigenomic/transcriptional programs, and harnessing the efficacy of PARP inhibitors and programmed cell death 1/ligand 1 immune checkpoint therapies.
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Suppression of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor-Alpha Overcomes Resistance to Trastuzumab through STAT3-Dependent IL-6 Reduction in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030675. [PMID: 36979654 PMCID: PMC10045855 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) plays an essential role in the proliferation and invasion of malignant cancer cells. However, the functional role of PDGFR alpha (PDGFRA) in HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer has not been fully clarified yet. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of PDGFRA and the therapeutic potential of PDGFR inhibitors as part of an effort to overcome trastuzumab (TRZ) resistance. Aberrant PDGFRA expression is closely associated with decreased survival in HER2+ breast cancers. Therefore, we established BT474 trastuzumab-sensitive (TRZ_S) and trastuzumab-resistant (TRZ_R) cells to investigate the association between PDGFR signaling and TRZ resistance. We found that PDGFRA was significantly upregulated in the BT474 TRZ_R cells. In addition, IL-6 expression, which was also found to be upregulated in the TRZ_R cells, was induced by PDGFC, a ligand of PDGFR. Next, we investigated the effects of ponatinib and sunitinib, PDGFR inhibitors, on the BT474 TRZ_R and HCC1954 (TRZ-resistant cell line) cells. These inhibitors decreased cell viability and migration in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, IL-6 expression was decreased by ponatinib in both the BT474 TRZ_R and HCC1954 cells. In contrast, IL-6 was not suppressed by TRZ, implying that the PDGFRA/STAT3/IL-6 axis is associated with resistance to TRZ. In addition, we found that STAT3 and ERK phosphorylation were increased in the BT474 TRZ_R cells. IL-6 expression was suppressed by a STAT3 inhibitor, indicating that IL-6 expression is modulated downstream of STAT3. Taken together, these results suggest that PDGFRA could serve as a therapeutic target to overcome TRZ resistance.
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Unlocking the Resistance to Anti-HER2 Treatments in Breast Cancer: The Issue of HER2 Spatial Distribution. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051385. [PMID: 36900178 PMCID: PMC10000152 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 15% of breast cancers are classified as HER2-positive, with an amplification of the ERBB2 gene and/or an overexpression of the HER2 protein. Up to 30% of HER2-positive breast cancers shows heterogeneity in HER2 expression and different patterns of spatial distribution, i.e., the variability in the distribution and expression of the HER2 protein within a single tumour. Spatial heterogeneity may potentially affect treatment, response, assessment of HER2 status and consequently, may impact on the best treatment strategy. Understanding this feature can help clinicians to predict response to HER2-targeted therapies and patient outcomes, and to fine tune treatment decisions. This review summarizes the available evidence on HER2 heterogeneity and spatial distribution and how this may affect current available treatment choices, exploring possible opportunities for overcoming this issue, such as novel pharmacological agents, belonging to the group of antibody-drug conjugates.
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Olaleye O, Spanov B, Bults P, van der Voort A, Govorukhina N, Sonke GS, Horvatovich P, van de Merbel NC, Bischoff R. Biotransformation of Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab in Breast Cancer Patients Assessed by Affinity Enrichment and Ion-Exchange Chromatography. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:249-256. [PMID: 36379709 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.001094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins (TPs) are known to be heterogeneous due to modifications that occur during the production process and storage. Modifications may also occur in TPs after their administration to patients due to in vivo biotransformation. Ligand binding assays, which are widely used in the bioanalysis of TPs in body fluids, are typically unable to distinguish such modifications. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry is being increasingly used to study modifications in TPs, but its use to study in vivo biotransformation has been limited until now. We present a novel approach that combines affinity enrichment using Affimer reagents with ion-exchange chromatography (IEX) to analyze charge variants of the TPs trastuzumab and pertuzumab in plasma of patients undergoing therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer. Affimer reagents were immobilized via engineered Cys tags to maleimide beads, and the TPs were eluted under acidic conditions followed by rapid neutralization. The enriched TPs were analyzed by cation-exchange chromatography (IEX) using pH-gradient elution, resulting in the separation of about 20 charge variants for trastuzumab and about five charge variants for pertuzumab. A comparison between in vitro stressed TPs spiked into plasma, and TPs enriched from patient plasma showed that the observed profiles were highly similar. This indicates that in vitro stress testing in plasma can mimic the situation in patient plasma, as far as the generation of charge variants is concerned. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This research attempts to elucidate the modifications that occur in therapeutic proteins (TPs) after they have been administered to patients. This is important because there is little knowledge about the fate of TPs in this regard, and certain modifications could affect their efficiency. Our results show that the modifications discovered are most likely due to a chemical process and are not patient specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladapo Olaleye
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Baubek Spanov
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Bults
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna van der Voort
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Natalia Govorukhina
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gabe S Sonke
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Horvatovich
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nico C van de Merbel
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Bischoff
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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19
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Petrova M, Vlahova Z, Schröder M, Todorova J, Tzintzarov A, Gospodinov A, Velkova L, Kaynarov D, Dolashki A, Dolashka P, Ugrinova I. Antitumor Activity of Bioactive Compounds from Rapana venosa against Human Breast Cell Lines. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:181. [PMID: 37259331 PMCID: PMC9959655 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study is the first report describing the promising antitumor activity of biologically active compounds isolated from the hemolymph of marine snail Rapana venosa-a fraction with Mw between 50 and 100 kDa and two structural subunits (RvH1 and RvH2), tested on a panel of human breast cell lines-six lines of different molecular subtypes of breast cancer MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, BT-474, BT-549, SK-BR-3, and MCF-7 and the non-cancerous MCF-10A. The fraction with Mw 50-100 kDa (HRv 50-100) showed good antitumor activity manifested by a significant decrease in cell viability, altered morphology, autophagy, and p53 activation in treated cancer cells. An apparent synergistic effect was observed for the combination of HRv 50-100 with cis-platin for all tested cell lines. The combination of HRv 50-100 with cisplatin and/or tamoxifen is three times more effective compared to treatment with classical chemotherapeutics alone. The main proteins in the active fraction, with Mw at ~50 kDa, ~65 kDa, ~100 kDa, were identified by MALDI-MS, MS/MS analyses, and bioinformatics. Homology was established with known proteins with antitumor potential detected in different mollusc species: peroxidase-like protein, glycoproteins Aplysianin A, L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO), and the functional unit with Mw 50 kDa of RvH. Our study reveals new perspectives for application of HRv 50-100 as an antitumor agent used alone or as a booster in combination with different chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Petrova
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Acad. Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bld. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Zlatina Vlahova
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Acad. Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bld. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Schröder
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Acad. Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bld. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jordana Todorova
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Acad. Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bld. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexander Tzintzarov
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Acad. Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bld. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anastas Gospodinov
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Acad. Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bld. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lyudmila Velkova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bld. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dimitar Kaynarov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bld. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Aleksandar Dolashki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bld. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Pavlina Dolashka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bld. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iva Ugrinova
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Acad. Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bld. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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20
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Swain SM, Shastry M, Hamilton E. Targeting HER2-positive breast cancer: advances and future directions. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:101-126. [PMID: 36344672 PMCID: PMC9640784 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00579-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The long-sought discovery of HER2 as an actionable and highly sensitive therapeutic target was a major breakthrough for the treatment of highly aggressive HER2-positive breast cancer, leading to approval of the first HER2-targeted drug - the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab - almost 25 years ago. Since then, progress has been swift and the impressive clinical activity across multiple trials with monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and antibody-drug conjugates that target HER2 has spawned extensive efforts to develop newer platforms and more targeted therapies. This Review discusses the current standards of care for HER2-positive breast cancer, mechanisms of resistance to HER2-targeted therapy and new therapeutic approaches and agents, including strategies to harness the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. Swain
- grid.516085.f0000 0004 0606 3221Department of Medicine, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and MedStar Health, Washington, DC USA
| | - Mythili Shastry
- grid.419513.b0000 0004 0459 5478Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Erika Hamilton
- grid.419513.b0000 0004 0459 5478Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN USA ,grid.492963.30000 0004 0480 9560Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN USA
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21
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Abdulkareem NM, Bhat R, Powell RT, Chikermane S, Yande S, Trinh L, Abdelnasser HY, Tabassum M, Ruiz A, Sobieski M, Nguyen ND, Park JH, Johnson CA, Kaipparettu BA, Bond RA, Johnson M, Stephan C, Trivedi MV. Screening of GPCR drugs for repurposing in breast cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1049640. [PMID: 36561339 PMCID: PMC9763283 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1049640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing can overcome both substantial costs and the lengthy process of new drug discovery and development in cancer treatment. Some Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs have been found to have the potential to be repurposed as anti-cancer drugs. However, the progress is slow due to only a handful of strategies employed to identify drugs with repurposing potential. In this study, we evaluated GPCR-targeting drugs by high throughput screening (HTS) for their repurposing potential in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and drug-resistant human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer (BC), due to the dire need to discover novel targets and drugs in these subtypes. We assessed the efficacy and potency of drugs/compounds targeting different GPCRs for the growth rate inhibition in the following models: two TNBC cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468) and two HER2+ BC cell lines (BT474 and SKBR3), sensitive or resistant to lapatinib + trastuzumab, an effective combination of HER2-targeting therapies. We identified six drugs/compounds as potential hits, of which 4 were FDA-approved drugs. We focused on β-adrenergic receptor-targeting nebivolol as a candidate, primarily because of the potential role of these receptors in BC and its excellent long-term safety profile. The effects of nebivolol were validated in an independent assay in all the cell line models. The effects of nebivolol were independent of its activation of β3 receptors and nitric oxide production. Nebivolol reduced invasion and migration potentials which also suggests its inhibitory role in metastasis. Analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare dataset found numerically but not statistically significant reduced risk of all-cause mortality in the nebivolol group. In-depth future analyses, including detailed in vivo studies and real-world data analysis with more patients, are needed to further investigate the potential of nebivolol as a repurposed therapy for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Mazin Abdulkareem
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, United states
| | - Raksha Bhat
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, United states
| | - Reid T. Powell
- Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, United states
| | - Soumya Chikermane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United states
| | - Soham Yande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United states
| | - Lisa Trinh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, United states
| | - Hala Y. Abdelnasser
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, United states
| | - Mantasha Tabassum
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, United states
| | - Alexis Ruiz
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, United states
| | - Mary Sobieski
- Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, United states
| | - Nghi D. Nguyen
- Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, United states
| | - Jun Hyoung Park
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United states
| | - Camille A. Johnson
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, United states
| | - Benny A. Kaipparettu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United states
| | - Richard A. Bond
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, United states
| | - Michael Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United states
| | - Clifford Stephan
- Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, United states
| | - Meghana V. Trivedi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, United states,Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, United states,*Correspondence: Meghana V. Trivedi,
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22
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Margetuximab and trastuzumab deruxtecan: New generation of anti-HER2 immunotherapeutic agents for breast cancer. Mol Immunol 2022; 152:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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23
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Furrer D, Dragic D, Chang SL, Fournier F, Droit A, Jacob S, Diorio C. Association between genome-wide epigenetic and genetic alterations in breast cancer tissue and response to HER2-targeted therapies in HER2-positive breast cancer patients: new findings and a systematic review. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 5:995-1015. [PMID: 36627894 PMCID: PMC9771759 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2022.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that genetic and epigenetic mechanisms might be associated with acquired resistance to cancer therapies. The aim of this study was to assess the association of genome-wide genetic and epigenetic alterations with the response to anti-HER2 agents in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. PubMed was screened for articles published until March 2021 on observational studies investigating the association of genome-wide genetic and epigenetic alterations, measured in breast cancer tissues or blood, with the response to targeted treatment in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Sixteen studies were included in the review along with ours, in which we compared the genome-wide DNA methylation pattern in breast tumor tissues of patients who acquired resistance to treatment (case group, n = 6) to that of patients who did not develop resistance (control group, n = 6). Among genes identified as differentially methylated between the breast cancer tissue of cases and controls, one of them, PRKACA, was also reported as differentially expressed in two studies included in the review. Although included studies were heterogeneous in terms of methodology and study population, our review suggests that genes of the PI3K pathway may play an important role in developing resistance to anti-HER2 agents in breast cancer patients. Genome-wide genetic and epigenetic alterations measured in breast cancer tissue or blood might be promising markers of resistance to anti-HER2 agents in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Further studies are needed to confirm these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Furrer
- Centre de Recherche sur le cancer de l’Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.,Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada. ,Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Dzevka Dragic
- Centre de Recherche sur le cancer de l’Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.,Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada. ,Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.,Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP U1018, Exposome and Heredity Team, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif 94807, France
| | - Sue-Ling Chang
- Centre de Recherche sur le cancer de l’Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.,Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Frédéric Fournier
- Centre de Recherche sur le cancer de l’Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.,Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada. ,Département de médecine moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Centre de Recherche sur le cancer de l’Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.,Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada. ,Département de médecine moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Simon Jacob
- Centre de Recherche sur le cancer de l’Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.,Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada. ,Département de biologie moléculaire, de biochimie médicale et de pathologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.,Centre des Maladies du Sein, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Caroline Diorio
- Centre de Recherche sur le cancer de l’Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.,Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada. ,Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.,Centre des Maladies du Sein, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada.,Correspondence to: Prof. Caroline Diorio, Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 1050 chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada. E-mail:
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24
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Klc TR, Wu S, Wilhite AM, Jones NL, Powell MA, Olawaiye A, Girda E, Brown J, Puechl A, Ali-Fehmi R, Winer IS, Herzog TJ, Korn WM, Erickson BK. HER2 in Uterine Serous Carcinoma: Testing platforms and implications for targeted therapy. Gynecol Oncol 2022; 167:289-294. [PMID: 36114027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HER2 is an important prognostic and therapeutic target in uterine serous carcinoma (USC). Optimal HER2 testing platforms have not been defined and guidelines for testing have changed over time. Our objective is to assess the concordance of HER2 positivity based on chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and next generation sequencing (NGS) and to determine the rate of downstream mutations that may affect response to HER2 directed therapy. METHODS Utilizing the Caris tumor registry, 2192 USC tumors were identified and analyzed using NGS (NextSeq, 592 Genes and WES, NovaSEQ), IHC, and CISH. PD-L1 expression was tested by IHC. Microsatellite instability was tested by fragment analysis, IHC, and NGS. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was measured by totaling somatic mutations per tumor. HER2 positivity through IHC and CISH was determined based on 2007 and 2018 ASCO/CAP HER2 breast cancer guidelines. RESULTS There was a higher rate of HER2 positivity by IHC when using the 2018 guidelines compared to the 2007 guidelines (16.3% vs 12.3%). Concordance between IHC and CISH was 98.9%. ERBB2 amplification was identified by NGS in 10.5% of tumors. Compared to CISH results, this corresponds to a concordance rate of 91.6% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 60.3%. Single gene alterations in HER2 amplified tumors that may implicate HER2 therapy resistance included PI3K (33.1%), KRAS (2.5%), and PTEN (1.3%). CONCLUSIONS There was high concordance between HER2 positivity based on CISH and IHC. Rate of HER2 positivity is the lowest by NGS. Ultimately these testing platforms need to be validated by response to targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenley R Klc
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sharon Wu
- Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Annelise M Wilhite
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel L Jones
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States of America
| | - Matthew A Powell
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Alex Olawaiye
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Eugenia Girda
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
| | - Jubilee Brown
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, United States of America
| | - Allison Puechl
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, United States of America
| | - Rouba Ali-Fehmi
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Ira S Winer
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Thomas J Herzog
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Institute, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - W Michael Korn
- Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Britt K Erickson
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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25
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de Abreu Pereira D, Sandim V, Fernandes TFB, Almeida VH, Rocha MR, do Amaral RJFC, Rossi MID, Kalume DE, Zingali RB. Proteomic Analysis of HCC-1954 and MCF-7 Cell Lines Highlights Crosstalk between αv and β1 Integrins, E-Cadherin and HER-2. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710194. [PMID: 36077593 PMCID: PMC9456615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) occurs in 20% of all breast cancer subtypes, especially those that present the worst prognostic outcome through a very invasive and aggressive tumour. HCC-1954 (HER-2+) is a highly invasive, metastatic cell line, whereas MCF-7 is mildly aggressive and non-invasive. We investigated membrane proteins from both cell lines that could have a pivotal biological significance in metastasis. Membrane protein enrichment for HCC-1954 and MCF-7 proteomic analysis was performed. The samples were analysed and quantified by mass spectrometry. High abundance membrane proteins were confirmed by Western blot, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. Protein interaction prediction and correlations with the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) patient data were conducted by bioinformatic analysis. In addition, β1 integrin expression was analysed by Western blot in cells upon trastuzumab treatment. The comparison between HCC-1954 and MCF-7 membrane-enriched proteins revealed that proteins involved in cytoskeleton organisation, such as HER-2, αv and β1 integrins, E-cadherin, and CD166 were more abundant in HCC-1954. β1 integrin membrane expression was higher in the HCC-1954 cell line resistant after trastuzumab treatment. TCGA data analysis showed a trend toward a positive correlation between HER-2 and β1 integrin in HER-2+ breast cancer patients. Differences in protein profile and abundance reflected distinctive capabilities for aggressiveness and invasiveness between HCC-1954 and MCF-7 cell line phenotypes. The higher membrane β1 integrin expression after trastuzumab treatment in the HCC-1954 cell line emphasised the need for investigating the contribution of β1 integrin modulation and its effect on the mechanism of trastuzumab resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise de Abreu Pereira
- Programa de Oncobiologia Celular e Molecular (POCM), Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil
- Unidade de Espectrometria de Massas e Proteômica (UEMP), Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Sandim
- Unidade de Espectrometria de Massas e Proteômica (UEMP), Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Laboratório de Hemostase e Venenos (LABHEMOVEN), Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Thais F. B. Fernandes
- Programa de Oncobiologia Celular e Molecular (POCM), Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil
| | - Vitor Hugo Almeida
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Murilo Ramos Rocha
- Programa de Oncobiologia Celular e Molecular (POCM), Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo J. F. C. do Amaral
- Laboratório de Proliferação e Diferenciação Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel D. Rossi
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas e Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil
| | - Dário Eluan Kalume
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas (LIPMed), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Russolina B. Zingali
- Unidade de Espectrometria de Massas e Proteômica (UEMP), Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Laboratório de Hemostase e Venenos (LABHEMOVEN), Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Zhang X, Li Z, Han L, Lv Z, Teng Y, Cui X, Zhou C, Wu H, Fang W, Xu L, Zhao S, Song C, Zheng Y, Gao T, Li M. Efficacy and Safety of Pyrotinib in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer: A Multicenter, Retrospective, Real-World Study. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:1067-1078. [PMID: 36199295 PMCID: PMC9527812 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s379591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pyrotinib, a novel human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has led to remarkable survival outcomes in HER2-positive advanced breast cancer (ABC) in clinical trials and was approved for second-line standards of treatment for HER2+ ABC in China. However, the clinical trials could not fully reflect reality of clinical practice, and predictive factors were still lacking. This study aimed to assess the actual efficacy and safety of pyrotinib in HER2+ ABC in real-world setting. Patients and Methods In this multicenter, retrospective, observational real-world study, we analyzed 171 patients with HER2+ ABC, who received pyrotinib-based treatment from November 2017 to November 2020. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary end points included overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), clinical benefit rate (CBR) and safety. Results Up to November 30, 2021, the median PFS (mPFS) was 12.0 months for all patients. One hundred and sixty-two patients (94.7%) with measurable lesions had been included in efficacy assessment. The ORR and CBR were 45.1% and 81.5%, respectively. A significantly longer PFS was reported in patients who received pyrotinib as first-line treatment, had the ECOG-PS of 0–1, as well as those who were lapatinib-naive. In addition, multivariable analysis indicated that ECOG-PS of 2–4, positive hormone receptor (HR) status, and presence of visceral metastasis were independent negative predictors of PFS. As far as we know, this study first reported the survival outcome of pyrotinib cross-line treatment, with a mPFS of 5.0 months. All grades of adverse events (AEs) occurred in 171 patients (100%), and the most common AE was diarrhea (86.5%). Conclusion This study further demonstrated the outstanding efficacy and safety of pyrotinib and reported the potential predictors of survival in HER2+ ABC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Department of Oncology, Anshan Cancer Hospital, Anshan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linlin Han
- Health Management Center, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Lv
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuee Teng
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiujie Cui
- Department of Oncology, Chaoyang Center Hospital, Chaoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caiyun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Huludao Center Hospital, Huludao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Department of Oncology, Yingkou Center Hospital, Yingkou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Oncology, Yingkou Center Hospital, Yingkou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingzhi Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Song
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Gao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Man Li, Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-0411-84671291, Fax +86-411-84672130, Email
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Xu H, Zhang H, Guo W, Zhong X, Sun J, Zhang T, Wang Z, Ma X. Safety and efficacy profile of Trastuzumab deruxtecan in solid cancer: pooled reanalysis based on clinical trials. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:923. [PMID: 36028823 PMCID: PMC9414434 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the efficiency and safety of the new generation antibody-drug conjugate Trastuzumab deruxtecan (DS-8201a) in treating HER2-positive solid cancers. METHOD By searching PubMed, Medline and Ovid for all clinical trials related to the safety and efficacy of DS-8201a. Event rates were calculated for all adverse events (AEs) to evaluate the safety of DS-8201a. Objective response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS) were summarized to assess the potency of DS-8201a. RESULT The AEs with event rates greater than 30% regardless of grades were nausea, decreased appetite, vomiting, fatigue, anemia, decreased neutrophil count, alopecia and diarrhea. In the grade 3 or more, decreased neutrophil count, anemia and decreased white blood cell count were the only three AEs with event rates greater than 10% (20.3, 15.0 and 10.3%). The median PFS of patients with breast cancer, gastric cancer and other HER2-positive solid cancers were 9.0-22.1, 3.0-8.3 and 4.1-11.9 months. The median ORR was 37-79.9% in patients with breast and gastric cancer and 28.3-55% in patients with other HER2-positive cancers. CONCLUSION DS-8201a plays an active role in treating HER2-positive cancers, especially breast and gastric cancer, which have HER2 amplification. The most common AEs of DS-8201a were related to gastrointestinal and hematological system. Decreased white blood cell count and appetite were the AEs occurred with high grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyue Xu
- Department of Biotherapy, West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Wen Guo
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Xi Zhong
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, West China HospitalSichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Department, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Zhoufeng Wang
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Networks, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China.
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China.
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HER2-Displaying M13 Bacteriophages induce Therapeutic Immunity against Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14164054. [PMID: 36011047 PMCID: PMC9406369 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14164054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The high incidence and death rates of breast cancer make the development of new therapies an urgent need. The introduction into the clinic of the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab considerably improved the overall survival and time-to-disease progression of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. However, many patients do not benefit from it because of resistance to therapy. Cancer vaccines, by inducing into the patient an anti-cancer specific immunity, might represent an alternative immunotherapeutic approach, but despite promises, so far no anti-HER2 cancer vaccine has been approved for human use. In this study, we propose therapeutic phage-based vaccines, against HER2 and its aggressive isoform Δ16HER2, able to elicit a protective immunity and potentially capable of preventing relapse in HER2-positive breast cancer patients, even in those who develop trastuzumab resistance. Abstract The advent of trastuzumab has significantly improved the prognosis of HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer patients; nevertheless, drug resistance limits its clinical benefit. Anti-HER2 active immunotherapy represents an attractive alternative strategy, but effective immunization needs to overcome the patient’s immune tolerance against the self-HER2. Phage display technology, taking advantage of phage intrinsic immunogenicity, permits one to generate effective cancer vaccines able to break immune tolerance to self-antigens. In this study, we demonstrate that both preventive and therapeutic vaccination with M13 bacteriophages, displaying the extracellular (EC) and transmembrane (TM) domains of human HER2 or its Δ16HER2 splice variant on their surface (ECTM and Δ16ECTM phages), delayed mammary tumor onset and reduced tumor growth rate and multiplicity in ∆16HER2 transgenic mice, which are tolerant to human ∆16HER2. This antitumor protection correlated with anti-HER2 antibody production. The molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effect of vaccine-elicited anti-HER2 antibodies were analyzed in vitro against BT-474 human breast cancer cells, sensitive or resistant to trastuzumab. Immunoglobulins (IgG) purified from immune sera reduced cell viability mainly by impairing ERK phosphorylation and reactivating retinoblastoma protein function in both trastuzumab-sensitive and -resistant BT-474 cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that phage-based HER2 vaccines impair mammary cancer onset and progression, opening new perspectives for HER2+ breast cancer treatment.
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Barakat A, Abu-Serie MM, Ali M, Al-Majid AM, Ashraf S, Zia K, Ul-Haq Z, Al-Dhfyan A, Abdel-Aziz HA, El-Faham A, Domingo LR. Synthesis, In Vitro and in Cell Study of a New Spirooxindoles-Based N-Alkylated Maleimides Targeting HER2/3 Signaling Pathway. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2101486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Assem Barakat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa M. Abu-Serie
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El Arab, Egypt
| | - M. Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sajda Ashraf
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Komal Zia
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Al-Dhfyan
- Stem Cell Therapy and Tissue Re-Engineering Program, King Faisal Specialized Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem A. Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Luis R. Domingo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Kwon NY, Sung SH, Sung HK, Park JK. Anticancer Activity of Bee Venom Components against Breast Cancer. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070460. [PMID: 35878198 PMCID: PMC9318616 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
While the survival rate has increased due to treatments for breast cancer, the quality of life has decreased because of the side effects of chemotherapy. Various toxins are being developed as alternative breast cancer treatments, and bee venom is drawing attention as one of them. We analyzed the effect of bee venom and its components on breast cancer cells and reviewed the mechanism underlying the anticancer effects of bee venom. Data up to March 2022 were searched from PubMed, EMBASE, OASIS, KISS, and Science Direct online databases, and studies that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Among 612 studies, 11 were selected for this research. Diverse drugs were administered, including crude bee venom, melittin, phospholipase A2, and their complexes. All drugs reduced the number of breast cancer cells in proportion to the dose and time. The mechanisms of anticancer effects included cytotoxicity, apoptosis, cell targeting, gene expression regulation, and cell lysis. Summarily, bee venom and its components exert anticancer effects on human breast cancer cells. Depending on the mechanisms of anticancer effects, side effects are expected to be reduced by using various vehicles. Bee venom and its components have the potential to prevent and treat breast cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Yoen Kwon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Korean Medicine, Ga-Chon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea;
| | - Soo-Hyun Sung
- Department of Policy Development, National Institute of Korean Medicine Development, Seoul 04554, Korea;
| | - Hyun-Kyung Sung
- Department of Korean Medicine Pediatrics, School of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-K.S.); (J.-K.P.); Tel.: +82-43-841-1739 (H.-K.S.); +82-55-360-5978 (J.-K.P.)
| | - Jang-Kyung Park
- Department of Korean Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-K.S.); (J.-K.P.); Tel.: +82-43-841-1739 (H.-K.S.); +82-55-360-5978 (J.-K.P.)
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Ma J, Chen W, Hu Z, Huang J, Guo C, Zou C, Yang G. Rare ocular toxicity induced by pertuzumab/QL1209 in healthy chinese subjects: case reports and whole-exome sequencing analysis. Invest New Drugs 2022; 40:861-867. [PMID: 35596833 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-022-01256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pertuzumab is a recombinant anti-HER2 humanized monoclonal antibody widely used for the adjuvant treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. Its safety is well established with the most common adverse effects being diarrhea and rash. To our knowledge, severe pertuzumab-induced ocular adverse events have never been reported. Herein, we describe several cases of pertuzumab/QL1209 (pertuzumab biosimilar)-induced blurred vision in healthy Chinese male subjects after a single injection of 420 mg pertuzumab/QL1209. Persistent optic nerve damage and vision loss occurred in the most severe case even after ophthalmic treatment. We conducted whole-exome sequencing (WES) of DNA samples from 5 cases and 13 controls to analyze the potential genetic factors and identified some associated variants (rs80303690 in RBM24, rs117375173 in CASR, rs1805097 in IRS2, and rs1227049 in CDH23). Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways and Gene Ontology (GO) terms gene enrichment analyses were carried out for differentially expressed genes clustered in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Ras/Raf/MAPK signaling pathways, which were exactly activated by HER2 phosphorylation. In summary, this is the first report describing the occurrence of ocular toxicity induced by pertuzumab in the Chinese population and exploring the possible genetic mechanisms. These findings could provide evidence for clinicians to raise concerns about the risk of ocular toxicity with the clinical use of pertuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlong Ma
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Zhanqing Hu
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Chengxian Guo
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Chan Zou
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Guoping Yang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Stucci LS, Pisino M, D’Addario C, Grassi T, Toss A. Management of HER2-Positive Early Breast Cancer in Italy: A Maze Presenting Opportunities and Challenges. Front Oncol 2022; 12:871160. [PMID: 35664788 PMCID: PMC9160375 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.871160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive early-stage breast cancer (BC) has changed in recent years thanks to the introduction of anti-HER2 agents in clinical practice as standard of care in the neoadjuvant setting. In this scenario, we probed the issue of which HER2-positive BC patients are eligible for neoadjuvant or for adjuvant treatment, since these therapeutic strategies seem to be mutually exclusive in clinical practice according to an Italian drug surveillance system. We reviewed both alternatives to establish which is more suitable, considering the anti-HER2 drugs available in Italy. Randomized clinical trials demonstrated a similar clinical benefit for chemotherapy administered as neoadjuvant therapy or adjuvant therapy. A meta-analysis, including 11,955 patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy, demonstrated an improvement in event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS). Moreover, the recent APHINITY trial, analyzed at 6 years follow-up, demonstrated the superiority of the combination pertuzumab–trastuzumab versus trastuzumab–placebo in previously untreated patients. A greater benefit was found in patients with positive lymph nodes treated in the adjuvant setting. Our analysis underlines the need for a therapeutic decision-making algorithm, which is still unavailable, to support clinicians in identifying patients suitable for neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy. Further prospective clinical trials should be performed in collaboration with other Italian Breast Cancer Centers to establish the best strategy to be adopted in early HER2+ BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigia Stefania Stucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria (A.O.U.), Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Luigia Stefania Stucci,
| | - Marco Pisino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia D’Addario
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Teresa Grassi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria (A.O.U.), Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Toss
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, Genetic Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
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Regulation of a Novel Splice Variant of Early Growth Response 4 (EGR4-S) by HER+ Signalling and HSF1 in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061567. [PMID: 35326716 PMCID: PMC8946690 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary EGR4 is known to play an important role in the proliferation of small cell lung cancer. Our research identified a new, shortened version of this protein (which we named EGR4-S), found in breast cancer but not detectable in normal breast tissue. Interestingly, our findings show that the EGR4-S expressed by breast cancer cells could be reduced by treating the cells with certain targeted cancer therapeutics. However, sustained, high-dose treatment led to EGR4-S becoming less responsive. In addition, we identified an inverse relationship between EGR4-S and molecular stress. When cancer cells were in conditions of increased molecular stress, reduced EGR4-S levels were associated with lower growth rate but enhanced properties associated with higher metastatic potential. Taken together, our research suggests further investigation of EGR4-S is warranted in order to determine its potential as a biomarker for differentiating tumours from normal tissue at the molecular level, as well as its possible resistance to targeted therapies. Abstract The zinc finger transcription factor EGR4 has previously been identified as having a critical role in the proliferation of small cell lung cancer. Here, we have identified a novel, shortened splice variant of this transcription factor (EGR4-S) that is regulated by Heat Shock Factor-1 (HSF1). Our findings demonstrate that the shortened variant (EGR4-S) is upregulated with high EGFR, HER2, and H-Rasv12-expressing breast cell lines, and its expression is inhibited in response to HER pathway inhibitors. Protein and mRNA analyses of HER2+ human breast tumours indicated the novel EGR4-S splice variant to be preferentially expressed in tumour tissue and not detectable in patient-matched normal tissue. Knockdown of EGR4-S in the HER2-amplified breast cancer cell line SKBR3 reduced cell growth, suggesting that EGR4-S supports the growth of HER2+ tumour cells. In addition to chemical inhibitors of the HER2 pathway, EGR4-S expression was also found to be suppressed by chemical stressors and the overexpression of HSF1. Under these conditions, reduced EGR4-S levels were associated with the observed lower cell growth rate, but the augmentation of properties associated with higher metastatic potential. Taken together, these findings identify EGR4-S as a potential biomarker for HER2 pathway activation in human tumours that is regulated by HSF1.
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Gu CL, Zhu HX, Deng L, Meng XQ, Li K, Xu W, Zhao L, Liu YQ, Zhu ZP, Huang HM. Bispecific antibody simultaneously targeting PD1 and HER2 inhibits tumor growth via direct tumor cell killing in combination with PD1/PDL1 blockade and HER2 inhibition. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:672-680. [PMID: 33990766 PMCID: PMC8888617 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade has shown significant clinical benefit in multiple cancer indications, but many patients are either refractory or become resistant to the treatment over time. HER2/neu oncogene overexpressed in invasive breast cancer patients associates with more aggressive diseases and poor prognosis. Anti-HER2 mAbs, such as trastuzumab, are currently the standard of care for HER2-overexpressing cancers, but the response rates are below 30% and patients generally suffer relapse within a year. In this study we developed a bispecific antibody (BsAb) simultaneously targeting both PD1 and HER2 in an attempt to combine HER2-targeted therapy with immune checkpoint blockade for treating HER2-positive solid tumors. The BsAb was constructed by fusing scFvs (anti-PD1) with the effector-functional Fc of an IgG (trastuzumab) via a flexible peptide linker. We showed that the BsAb bound to human HER2 and PD1 with high affinities (EC50 values were 0.2 and 0.14 nM, respectively), and exhibited potent antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the BsAb exhibited both HER2 and PD1 blockade activities and was effective in killing HER2-positive tumor cells via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. In addition, the BsAb could crosslink HER2-positive tumor cells with T cells to form PD1 immunological synapses that directed tumor cell killing without the need of antigen presentation. Thus, the BsAb is a new promising approach for treating late-stage metastatic HER2-positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-ling Gu
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 3SBio Inc. Company, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Hai-xia Zhu
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 3SBio Inc. Company, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Lan Deng
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 3SBio Inc. Company, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Xiao-qing Meng
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 3SBio Inc. Company, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Kai Li
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 3SBio Inc. Company, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Wei Xu
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 3SBio Inc. Company, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Le Zhao
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 3SBio Inc. Company, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Yue-qin Liu
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 3SBio Inc. Company, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Zhen-ping Zhu
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 3SBio Inc. Company, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Hao-min Huang
- Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 3SBio Inc. Company, Shanghai, 201203 China
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A comprehensive review on immuno-nanomedicine for breast cancer therapy: Technical challenges and troubleshooting measures. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 103:108433. [PMID: 34922248 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanosized drug carriers have received a major attention in cancer therapeutics and theranostics. The immuno-nanomedicine is a combination of monoclonal antibody (mAb)/mAb-drug-nanoparticles. The immuno-nanomedicine offers a promising strategy to target cancer cells. However, the understating of nanotechnology, cancer biology, immunomedicine, and nanoparticle surface chemistry has provided a better clue to prepare the effective immuno-nanomedicine for cancer therapy. Moreover, the selection of nanoparticles type and its composition is essential for development of efficient drug delivery system (DDS) to target the cancer cell site. Immuno-nanomedicine works in the ligand-receptor binding mechanism through the interaction of mAb conjugated nanoparticles and specific antigen over expressed on target cancer cells. Therefore, the selection of specific receptors in the cancer cell and their ligand is important to prepare the active immuno-nanomedicines. Moreover, the factors such as drug loading, entrapment efficiency, size, shape, and ligand conjugation of a nanocarrier are considered as major factors for a better cancer cell, internalization, drug release, and cancer cell ablation. The target-based over-expression of antigen, mAb is engineered and conjugated with nanoparticles for successful targeting of the cancer cells without causing adverse effects to normal cells. Therefore, this review analyzed the fundamental factors in the immuno-nanomedicine for breast cancer and its technical challenges in the fabrication of the antibody alone/and drug conjugated nanoparticles.
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Jeong J, Shin JH, Li W, Hong JY, Lim J, Hwang JY, Chung JJ, Yan Q, Liu Y, Choi J, Wysolmerski J. MAL2 mediates the formation of stable HER2 signaling complexes within lipid raft-rich membrane protrusions in breast cancer cells. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110160. [PMID: 34965434 PMCID: PMC8762588 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid raft-resident protein, MAL2, has been implicated as contributing to the pathogenesis of several malignancies, including breast cancer, but the underlying mechanism for its effects on tumorigenesis is unknown. Here, we show that MAL2-mediated lipid raft formation leads to HER2 plasma membrane retention and enhanced HER2 signaling in breast cancer cells. We demonstrate physical interactions between HER2 and MAL2 in lipid rafts using proximity ligation assays. Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy imaging displays the structural organization of the HER2/Ezrin/NHERF1/PMCA2 protein complex. Formation of this protein complex maintains low intracellular calcium concentrations in the vicinity of the plasma membrane. HER2/MAL2 protein interactions in lipid rafts are enhanced in trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer cells. Our findings suggest that MAL2 is crucial for lipid raft formation, HER2 signaling, and HER2 membrane stability in breast cancer cells, suggesting MAL2 as a potential therapeutic target. Jeong et al. show that the formation of MAL2-mediated lipid raft-rich membrane protrusions is crucial for HER2 signaling in breast cancer cells. MAL2 is required for the formation of HER2/Ezrin/NHERF1/PMCA2 protein complexes. Formation of these protein complexes leads to a low calcium environment in the plasma membrane
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Clark AS, Yau C, Wolf DM, Petricoin EF, van 't Veer LJ, Yee D, Moulder SL, Wallace AM, Chien AJ, Isaacs C, Boughey JC, Albain KS, Kemmer K, Haley BB, Han HS, Forero-Torres A, Elias A, Lang JE, Ellis ED, Yung R, Tripathy D, Nanda R, Wulfkuhle JD, Brown-Swigart L, Gallagher RI, Helsten T, Roesch E, Ewing CA, Alvarado M, Crane EP, Buxton M, Clennell JL, Paoloni M, Asare SM, Wilson A, Hirst GL, Singhrao R, Steeg K, Asare A, Matthews JB, Berry S, Sanil A, Melisko M, Perlmutter J, Rugo HS, Schwab RB, Symmans WF, Hylton NM, Berry DA, Esserman LJ, DeMichele AM. Neoadjuvant T-DM1/pertuzumab and paclitaxel/trastuzumab/pertuzumab for HER2 + breast cancer in the adaptively randomized I-SPY2 trial. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6428. [PMID: 34741023 PMCID: PMC8571284 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26019-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2-targeted therapy dramatically improves outcomes in early breast cancer. Here we report the results of two HER2-targeted combinations in the neoadjuvant I-SPY2 phase 2 adaptive platform trial for early breast cancer at high risk of recurrence: ado-trastuzumab emtansine plus pertuzumab (T-DM1/P) and paclitaxel, trastuzumab and pertuzumab (THP). Eligible women have >2.5 cm clinical stage II/III HER2+ breast cancer, adaptively randomized to T-DM1/P, THP, or a common control arm of paclitaxel/trastuzumab (TH), followed by doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide, then surgery. Both T-DM1/P and THP arms 'graduate' in all subtypes: predicted pCR rates are 63%, 72% and 33% for T-DM1/P (n = 52), THP (n = 45) and TH (n = 31) respectively. Toxicity burden is similar between arms. Degree of HER2 pathway signaling and phosphorylation in pretreatment biopsy specimens are associated with response to both T-DM1/P and THP and can further identify highly responsive HER2+ tumors to HER2-directed therapy. This may help identify patients who can safely de-escalate cytotoxic chemotherapy without compromising excellent outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Clark
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Christina Yau
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Denise M Wolf
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Douglas Yee
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | - A Jo Chien
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hyo S Han
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Julie E Lang
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Erin Roesch
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Cheryl A Ewing
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Smita M Asare
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amy Wilson
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gillian L Hirst
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ruby Singhrao
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Steeg
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam Asare
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hope S Rugo
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Nola M Hylton
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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38
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Miranda F, Prazeres H, Mendes F, Martins D, Schmitt F. Resistance to endocrine therapy in HR + and/or HER2 + breast cancer: the most promising predictive biomarkers. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:717-733. [PMID: 34739691 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06863-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. It is a heterogeneous disease, encompassing different biological subtypes that differ in histological features, outcomes, clinical behaviour and different molecular subtypes. Therapy has progressed substantially over the past years with a reduction both for locoregional and systemic therapy. Endocrine therapies have considerably reduced cancer recurrence and mortality. Despite the major diagnostic and therapeutic innovations, resistance to therapy has become a main challenge, especially in metastatic breast cancer, and became a major factor limiting the use of endocrine therapeutic agents in ER positive breast cancers. Approximately 50% of patients with ER positive metastatic disease achieve a complete or partial response with endocrine therapy. However, in the remaining patients, the benefit is limited due to resistance, intrinsic or acquired, resulting in disease progression and poor outcome.Tumour heterogeneity as well as acquired genetic changes and therapeutics pressure have been involved in the endocrine therapy resistance. Nowadays, targeted sequencing of genes involved in cancer has provided insights about genomic tumour evolution throughout treatment and resistance driver mutations. Several studies have described multiple alterations in receptor tyrosine kinases, signalling pathways such as Phosphoinositide-3-kinase-protein kinase B/Akt/mTOR (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) and Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), cell cycle machinery and their implications in endocrine treatment failure.One of the current concern in cancer is personalized therapy. The focus has been the discovery of new potentially predictive biomarkers capable to identify reliably the most appropriate therapy regimen and which patients will experience disease relapse. The major concern is also to avoid overtreatment/undertreatment and development of resistance.This review focuses on the most promising predictive biomarkers of resistance in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer and the emerging role of circulating free-DNA as a powerful tool for longitudinal monitoring of tumour molecular profile throughout treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Miranda
- Politécnico de Coimbra, ESTeSC, DCBL, Rua 5 de Outubro-SM Bispo, Apartado, 7006, 3046-854, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Hugo Prazeres
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,U-Monitor Lda, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernando Mendes
- Politécnico de Coimbra, ESTeSC, DCBL, Rua 5 de Outubro-SM Bispo, Apartado, 7006, 3046-854, Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Biophysics Institute of Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal.,European Association for Professions in Biomedical Sciences, Brussels, Belgique
| | - Diana Martins
- Politécnico de Coimbra, ESTeSC, DCBL, Rua 5 de Outubro-SM Bispo, Apartado, 7006, 3046-854, Coimbra, Portugal. .,i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal. .,University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Biophysics Institute of Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Fernando Schmitt
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
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39
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Wei Z, Sijia F, Rui T, Yang L, Jianjun H, Bin W, Jing X. Analysis of differentially expressed proteins between HER2 positive and triple negative breast cancer and their prognostic significance. Ann Diagn Pathol 2021; 55:151834. [PMID: 34610510 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2021.151834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Both triple negative breast cancer (TNBA) and HER2-positive breast cancer lack expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), while human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in TNBC is also negative. This study aimed to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between TNBC and HER2-positive breast cancer and to improve understanding of their role in the prognosis of breast cancer. By analyzing the breast cancer data set in The Cancer Proteome Atlas (TCPA) database, 15 DEPs between TNBC and HER2-positive breast cancer were identified. GO and pathway enrichment analysis were performed on DEPs, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. The overall survival (OS) analysis of the breast cancer protein dataset in the Kaplan-Meier plotter showed that low expression of ACC1 suggested a higher OS of HER2-positive breast cancer (HR = 5.34, P < 0.05) and TNBC (HR = 2.88, P < 0.05). And TNBC patients with high TBA1B (HR = 0.16, P < 0.01) or low INPP4B (HR = 3.47, P < 0.05) expression have a better prognosis. Our research provides new insights into the prognostic indicators of TNBC and HER2-positive breast cancer, which could be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Fei Sijia
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Tong Rui
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - He Jianjun
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wan Bin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xu Jing
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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40
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Sahu R, Pattanayak SP. Strategic Developments & Future Perspective on Gene Therapy for Breast Cancer: Role of mTOR and Brk/ PTK6 as Molecular Targets. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 20:237-258. [PMID: 32807051 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220999200731002408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a serious health issue and a major concern in biomedical research. Alteration in major signaling (viz. PI3K-AKT-mTOR, Ras-Raf-MEK-Erk, NF-kB, cyclin D1, JAK-STAT, Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog signaling and apoptotic pathway) contributes to the development of major subtypes of mammary carcinoma such as HER2 positive, TNBC, luminal A and B and normal-like breast cancer. Further, mutation and expression parameters of different genes involved in the growth and development of cells play an important role in the progress of different types of carcinoma, making gene therapy an emerging new therapeutic approach for the management of life-threatening diseases like cancer. The genetic targets (oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes) play a major role in the formation of a tumor. Brk/PTK6 and mTOR are two central molecules that are involved in the regulation of numerous signaling related to cell growth, proliferation, angiogenesis, survival, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and autophagy. Since these two proteins are highly upregulated in mammary carcinogenesis, this can be used as targeted genes for the treatment of breast cancer. However, not much work has been done on them. This review highlights the therapeutic significance of Brk and mTOR and their associated signaling in mammary carcinogenesis, which may provide a strategy to develop gene therapy for breast cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roja Sahu
- Division of Advanced Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand- 835 215, India
| | - Shakti P Pattanayak
- Division of Advanced Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand- 835 215, India,Department of Pharmacy, Central University of South Bihar (Gaya), Bihar-824 236, India
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41
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Pellegrini M. Accurate prediction of breast cancer survival through coherent voting networks with gene expression profiling. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14645. [PMID: 34282236 PMCID: PMC8289832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94243-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For a patient affected by breast cancer, after tumor removal, it is necessary to decide which adjuvant therapy is able to prevent tumor relapse and formation of metastases. A prediction of the outcome of adjuvant therapy tailored for the patient is hard, due to the heterogeneous nature of the disease. We devised a methodology for predicting 5-years survival based on the new machine learning paradigm of coherent voting networks, with improved accuracy over state-of-the-art prediction methods. The 'coherent voting communities' metaphor provides a certificate justifying the survival prediction for an individual patient, thus facilitating its acceptability in practice, in the vein of explainable Artificial Intelligence. The method we propose is quite flexible and applicable to other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pellegrini
- Institute of Informatics and Telematics (IIT), CNR, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
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42
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Janiszewska M, Stein S, Metzger Filho O, Eng J, Kingston NL, Harper NW, Rye IH, Alečković M, Trinh A, Murphy KC, Marangoni E, Cristea S, Oakes B, Winer EP, Krop IE, Russnes HG, Spellman PT, Bucher E, Hu Z, Chin K, Gray JW, Michor F, Polyak K. The impact of tumor epithelial and microenvironmental heterogeneity on treatment responses in HER2+ breast cancer. JCI Insight 2021; 6:147617. [PMID: 33886505 PMCID: PMC8262355 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.147617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of multiple human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-targeted (HER2-targeted) treatments, therapeutic resistance in HER2+ breast cancer remains a clinical challenge. Intratumor heterogeneity for HER2 and resistance-conferring mutations in the PIK3CA gene (encoding PI3K catalytic subunit α) have been investigated in response and resistance to HER2-targeting agents, while the role of divergent cellular phenotypes and tumor epithelial-stromal cell interactions is less well understood. Here, we assessed the effect of intratumor cellular genetic heterogeneity for ERBB2 (encoding HER2) copy number and PIK3CA mutation on different types of neoadjuvant HER2-targeting therapies and clinical outcome in HER2+ breast cancer. We found that the frequency of cells lacking HER2 was a better predictor of response to HER2-targeted treatment than intratumor heterogeneity. We also compared the efficacy of different therapies in the same tumor using patient-derived xenograft models of heterogeneous HER2+ breast cancer and single-cell approaches. Stromal determinants were better predictors of response than tumor epithelial cells, and we identified alveolar epithelial and fibroblastic reticular cells as well as lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1-positive (Lyve1+) macrophages as putative drivers of therapeutic resistance. Our results demonstrate that both preexisting and acquired resistance to HER2-targeting agents involve multiple mechanisms including the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, our data suggest that intratumor heterogeneity for HER2 should be incorporated into treatment design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Janiszewska
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Shayna Stein
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Otto Metzger Filho
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer Eng
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Natalie L Kingston
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas W Harper
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Inga H Rye
- Department of Pathology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, and Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maša Alečković
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anne Trinh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine C Murphy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Simona Cristea
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin Oakes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric P Winer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ian E Krop
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hege G Russnes
- Department of Pathology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, and Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paul T Spellman
- OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Elmar Bucher
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Zhi Hu
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Koei Chin
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Joe W Gray
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Franziska Michor
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Cancer Evolution, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Ludwig Center at Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Cancer Evolution, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Ludwig Center at Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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43
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Borrero-García LD, Del Mar Maldonado M, Medina-Velázquez J, Troche-Torres AL, Velazquez L, Grafals-Ruiz N, Dharmawardhane S. Rac inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy for EGFR/HER2 targeted therapy resistant breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:652. [PMID: 34074257 PMCID: PMC8170972 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Even though targeted therapies are available for cancers expressing oncogenic epidermal growth receptor (EGFR) and (or) human EGFR2 (HER2), acquired or intrinsic resistance often confounds therapy success. Common mechanisms of therapy resistance involve activating receptor point mutations and (or) upregulation of signaling downstream of EGFR/HER2 to Akt and (or) mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. However, additional pathways of resistance may exist thus, confounding successful therapy. Methods To determine novel mechanisms of EGFR/HER2 therapy resistance in breast cancer, gefitinib or lapatinib resistant variants were created from SKBR3 breast cancer cells. Syngenic therapy sensitive and resistant SKBR3 variants were characterized for mechanisms of resistance by mammosphere assays, viability assays, and western blotting for total and phospho proteins. Results Gefitinib and lapatinib treatments reduced mammosphere formation in the sensitive cells, but not in the therapy resistant variants, indicating enhanced mesenchymal and cancer stem cell-like characteristics in therapy resistant cells. The therapy resistant variants did not show significant changes in known therapy resistant pathways of AKT and MAPK activities downstream of EGFR/HER2. However, these cells exhibited elevated expression and activation of the small GTPase Rac, which is a pivotal intermediate of GFR signaling in EMT and metastasis. Therefore, the potential of the Rac inhibitors EHop-016 and MBQ-167 to overcome therapy resistance was tested, and found to inhibit viability and induce apoptosis of therapy resistant cells. Conclusions Rac inhibition may represent a viable strategy for treatment of EGFR/HER2 targeted therapy resistant breast cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08366-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis D Borrero-García
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Maria Del Mar Maldonado
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Julia Medina-Velázquez
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Angel L Troche-Torres
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Luis Velazquez
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Nilmary Grafals-Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Suranganie Dharmawardhane
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
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44
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Zhao Y, Zheng X, Zheng Y, Chen Y, Fei W, Wang F, Zheng C. Extracellular Matrix: Emerging Roles and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:650453. [PMID: 33968752 PMCID: PMC8100244 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.650453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that the extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important regulator of breast cancer (BC). The ECM comprises of highly variable and dynamic components. Compared with normal breast tissue under homeostasis, the ECM undergoes many changes in composition and organization during BC progression. Induced ECM proteins, including fibrinogen, fibronectin, hyaluronic acid, and matricellular proteins, have been identified as important components of BC metastatic cells in recent years. These proteins play major roles in BC progression, invasion, and metastasis. Importantly, several specific ECM molecules, receptors, and remodeling enzymes are involved in promoting resistance to therapeutic intervention. Additional analysis of these ECM proteins and their downstream signaling pathways may reveal promising therapeutic targets against BC. These potential drug targets may be combined with new nanoparticle technologies. This review summarizes recent advances in functional nanoparticles that target the ECM to treat BC. Accurate nanomaterials may offer a new approach to BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Lab Women's Reproductive Health, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Lab Women's Reproductive Health, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Lab Women's Reproductive Health, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Lab Women's Reproductive Health, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Lab Women's Reproductive Health, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Lab Women's Reproductive Health, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caihong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Lab Women's Reproductive Health, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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HER2-Targeted Immunotherapy and Combined Protocols Showed Promising Antiproliferative Effects in Feline Mammary Carcinoma Cell-Based Models. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092007. [PMID: 33919468 PMCID: PMC8122524 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mammary tumors are common in cats, presenting an aggressive behavior with high tumor recurrence. Therefore, new and efficient therapeutic protocols are urgent. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs; ADC) are widely used in human breast cancer therapy, inhibiting the HER2 dimerization and leading to cell apoptosis. Furthermore, drug combinations, with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKi) are valuable in patients’ therapeutic protocols. In this study, two mAbs, and an ADC, as well as combined protocols between mAbs and mAbs plus lapatinib (TKi) were tested to address if the drugs could be used as new therapeutic options in feline mammary tumors. All the compounds and the combined treatments revealed valuable antiproliferative effects, and a conserved cell death mechanism, by apoptosis, in the feline cell lines, where the mutations found in the extracellular domain of the HER2 suggest no immunotherapy resistance. Abstract Feline mammary carcinoma (FMC) is a highly prevalent tumor, showing aggressive clinicopathological features, with HER2-positive being the most frequent subtype. While, in human breast cancer, the use of anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is common, acting by blocking the extracellular domain (ECD) of the HER2 protein and by inducing cell apoptosis, scarce information is available on use these immunoagents in FMC. Thus, the antiproliferative effects of two mAbs (trastuzumab and pertuzumab), of an antibody–drug conjugate compound (T-DM1) and of combined treatments with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (lapatinib) were evaluated on three FMC cell lines (CAT-MT, FMCm and FMCp). In parallel, the DNA sequence of the her2 ECD (subdomains II and IV) was analyzed in 40 clinical samples of FMC, in order to identify mutations, which can lead to antibody resistance or be used as prognostic biomarkers. Results obtained revealed a strong antiproliferative effect in all feline cell lines, and a synergistic response was observed when combined therapies were performed. Additionally, the mutations found were not described as inducing resistance to therapy in breast cancer patients. Altogether, our results suggested that anti-HER2 mAbs could become useful in the treatment of FMC, particularly, if combined with lapatinib, since drug-resistance seems to be rare.
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Qiu Y, Yang L, Liu H, Luo X. Cancer stem cell-targeted therapeutic approaches for overcoming trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2021; 39:1125-1136. [PMID: 33837587 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Application of the anti-HER2 drug trastuzumab has significantly improved the prognosis of patients with the HER2-positive subtype of breast cancer. However, 50% of patients with HER2 amplification relapse due to trastuzumab resistance. Accumulating evidence indicates that breast cancer is driven by a small subset of cancer-initiating cells or breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), which have the capacity to self-renew and differentiate to regenerate the tumor cell hierarchy. Increasing data suggest that BCSCs are resistant to conventional therapy, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and endocrine therapy, which drives distant metastasis and breast cancer relapse. In recent years, the trastuzumab resistance of breast cancer has been closely related to the prevalence of BCSCs. Here, our primary focus is to discuss the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of BCSCs in the setting of trastuzumab resistance and approaches of reducing or eradicating BCSCs in HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Libo Yang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghong Liu
- Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Ubbiali D, Orlando M, Kovačič M, Iacobucci C, Semrau MS, Bajc G, Fortuna S, Ilc G, Medagli B, Oloketuyi S, Storici P, Sinz A, Grandori R, de Marco A. An anti-HER2 nanobody binds to its antigen HER2 via two independent paratopes. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:502-511. [PMID: 33848543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution structural data of complexes between antibodies and membrane receptors still represent a demanding task. In this study, we used complementary sets of experimental data to obtain a structural model of the complex formed by the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and its specific nanobody A10. First we identified by NMR the residues that bind or rearrange as a consequence of the complex formation. In parallel, the complex was cross-linked, digested and the resulting peptides were characterized by mass-spectrometry to define maximal distance restraints between HER2 and A10 amino acids in their complex. These independent datasets guided a docking process, refined by molecular dynamics simulations, to develop a model of the complex and estimate per-residue free-energy contributions. Such a model explains the experimental data and identifies a second, non-canonical paratope, located in the region opposite to the conventional nanobody paratope, formed by the hypervariable loop regions LH1 and LH3. Both paratopes contributed substantially to the overall affinity by binding to independent HER2 epitopes. Nanobody mutants with substitution of key interaction residues, as indicated by the model, possess significantly lower affinity for HER2. This is the first described case of a "natural" biparatopic nanobody, directly selected by in-vitro panning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Ubbiali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Marco Orlando
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy; Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Matic Kovačič
- Slovenian NMR Center, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Claudio Iacobucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Marta S Semrau
- Structural Biology Lab, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy; CIBIO, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, Povo 38123, Italy
| | - Gregor Bajc
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sara Fortuna
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gregor Ilc
- Slovenian NMR Center, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Medagli
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sandra Oloketuyi
- Lab of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska cesta 13, 5000 Rožna Dolina, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Paola Storici
- Structural Biology Lab, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Sinz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Rita Grandori
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Ario de Marco
- Lab of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska cesta 13, 5000 Rožna Dolina, Nova Gorica, Slovenia.
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Sheikh-Hosseini M, Larijani B, Gholipoor Kakroodi Z, Shokoohi M, Moarefzadeh M, Sayahpour FA, Goodarzi P, Arjmand B. Gene Therapy as an Emerging Therapeutic Approach to Breast Cancer: New Developments and Challenges. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:1330-1345. [PMID: 33307949 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, which is the consequence of several genetic and environmental factors. Also, it is one of the most common causes of cancer death and second leading cancer among women all around the world. Therefore, it is necessary to develop novel therapeutic approaches useful for the successful treatment of breast cancer. As conventional treatments had limited success, alternative approaches for the treatment of breast cancer have been applied in recent years. Hence, the molecular basis of breast cancer has provided the opportunity of using genetic materials for therapeutic uses. In this regard, gene therapy as one of the potentially efficient and beneficial treatments among various techniques became a popular treatment for different cancers, especially breast cancer. Accordingly, there are plenty of targets available for gene therapy of breast cancer. Gene therapy strategies have the potential to correct molecular defects that contributed to the cancer progression. These techniques should selectively target tumor cells without affecting normal cells. Moreover, data of clinical trials in gene therapy for breast cancer indicated that this approach has little toxicity compared to other therapeutic approaches. In this study, different aspects of breast neoplasm, gene therapy techniques, challenges, and recent developments will be mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahareh Sheikh-Hosseini
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Gholipoor Kakroodi
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Shokoohi
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Moarefzadeh
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Azam Sayahpour
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Goodarzi
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Th1 cytokine interferon gamma improves response in HER2 breast cancer by modulating the ubiquitin proteasomal pathway. Mol Ther 2021; 29:1541-1556. [PMID: 33412308 PMCID: PMC8058490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
HER2 breast cancer (BC) remains a significant problem in patients with locally advanced or metastatic BC. We investigated the relationship between T helper 1 (Th1) immune response and the proteasomal degradation pathway (PDP), in HER2-sensitive and -resistant cells. HER2 overexpression is partially maintained because E3 ubiquitin ligase Cullin5 (CUL5), which degrades HER2, is frequently mutated or underexpressed, while the client-protective co-chaperones cell division cycle 37 (Cdc37) and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) are increased translating to diminished survival. The Th1 cytokine interferon (IFN)-γ caused increased CUL5 expression and marked dissociation of both Cdc37 and Hsp90 from HER2, causing significant surface loss of HER2, diminished growth, and induction of tumor senescence. In HER2-resistant mammary carcinoma, either IFN-γ or Th1-polarizing anti-HER2 vaccination, when administered with anti-HER2 antibodies, demonstrated increased intratumor CUL5 expression, decreased surface HER2, and tumor senescence with significant therapeutic activity. IFN-γ synergized with multiple HER2-targeted agents to decrease surface HER2 expression, resulting in decreased tumor growth. These data suggest a novel function of IFN-γ that regulates HER2 through the PDP pathway and provides an opportunity to impact HER2 responses through anti-tumor immunity.
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Rau A, Kocher K, Rommel M, Kühl L, Albrecht M, Gotthard H, Aschmoneit N, Noll B, Olayioye MA, Kontermann RE, Seifert O. A bivalent, bispecific Dab-Fc antibody molecule for dual targeting of HER2 and HER3. MAbs 2021; 13:1902034. [PMID: 33752566 PMCID: PMC7993124 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1902034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual targeting of surface receptors with bispecific antibodies is attracting increasing interest in cancer therapy. Here, we present a novel bivalent and bispecific antagonistic molecule (Dab-Fc) targeting human epidermal growth factors 2 and 3 (HER2 and HER3) derived from the Db-Ig platform, which was developed for the generation of multivalent and multispecific antibody molecules. Dab-Fc comprises the variable domains of the anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab and the anti-HER3 antibody 3-43 assembled into a diabody-like structure stabilized by CH1 and CL domains and further fused to a human γ1 Fc region. The resulting Dab-Fc 2 × 3 molecule retained unhindered binding to both antigens and was able to bind both antigens sequentially. In cellular experiments, the Dab-Fc 2 × 3 molecule strongly bound to different tumor cell lines expressing HER2 and HER3 and was efficiently internalized. This was associated with potent inhibition of the proliferation and migration of these tumor cell lines. Furthermore, IgG-like pharmacokinetics and anti-tumoral activity were demonstrated in a xenograft tumor model of the gastric cancer cell-line NCI-N87. These results illustrate the suitability of our versatile Db-Ig platform technology for the generation of bivalent bispecific molecules, which has been successfully used here for the dual targeting of HER2 and HER3.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bispecific/pharmacokinetics
- Antibodies, Bispecific/pharmacology
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/drug effects
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacokinetics
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/pharmacology
- MCF-7 Cells
- Mice, SCID
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Receptor, ErbB-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, ErbB-2/immunology
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, ErbB-3/immunology
- Receptor, ErbB-3/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Stomach Neoplasms/immunology
- Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rau
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katharina Kocher
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mirjam Rommel
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lennart Kühl
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maximilian Albrecht
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hannes Gotthard
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nadine Aschmoneit
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bettina Noll
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Monilola A. Olayioye
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology (SRCSB), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roland E. Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology (SRCSB), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Oliver Seifert
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology (SRCSB), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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