1
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Ho SJ, Chaput D, Sinkey RG, Garces AH, New EP, Okuka M, Sang P, Arlier S, Semerci N, Steffensen TS, Rutherford TJ, Alsina AE, Cai J, Anderson ML, Magness RR, Uversky VN, Cummings DAT, Tsibris JCM. Proteomic studies of VEGFR2 in human placentas reveal protein associations with preeclampsia, diabetes, gravidity, and labor. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:221. [PMID: 38594674 PMCID: PMC11003095 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
VEGFR2 (Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2) is a central regulator of placental angiogenesis. The study of the VEGFR2 proteome of chorionic villi at term revealed its partners MDMX (Double minute 4 protein) and PICALM (Phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein). Subsequently, the oxytocin receptor (OT-R) and vasopressin V1aR receptor were detected in MDMX and PICALM immunoprecipitations. Immunogold electron microscopy showed VEGFR2 on endothelial cell (EC) nuclei, mitochondria, and Hofbauer cells (HC), tissue-resident macrophages of the placenta. MDMX, PICALM, and V1aR were located on EC plasma membranes, nuclei, and HC nuclei. Unexpectedly, PICALM and OT-R were detected on EC projections into the fetal lumen and OT-R on 20-150 nm clusters therein, prompting the hypothesis that placental exosomes transport OT-R to the fetus and across the blood-brain barrier. Insights on gestational complications were gained by univariable and multivariable regression analyses associating preeclampsia with lower MDMX protein levels in membrane extracts of chorionic villi, and lower MDMX, PICALM, OT-R, and V1aR with spontaneous vaginal deliveries compared to cesarean deliveries before the onset of labor. We found select associations between higher MDMX, PICALM, OT-R protein levels and either gravidity, diabetes, BMI, maternal age, or neonatal weight, and correlations only between PICALM-OT-R (p < 2.7 × 10-8), PICALM-V1aR (p < 0.006), and OT-R-V1aR (p < 0.001). These results offer for exploration new partnerships in metabolic networks, tissue-resident immunity, and labor, notably for HC that predominantly express MDMX.
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Grants
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida
- Lisa Muma Weitz Microscopy Laboratory, University of South Florida
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida
- Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, Florida
- Teasley Foundation
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida
- Department of Biology, University of Florida
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon J Ho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Dale Chaput
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Rachel G Sinkey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Amanda H Garces
- Lisa Muma Weitz Microscopy Laboratory, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Erika P New
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Maja Okuka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Peng Sang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sefa Arlier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nihan Semerci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Thomas J Rutherford
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Cancer Center, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Angel E Alsina
- Transplant Surgery Center, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Matthew L Anderson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Cancer Center, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ronald R Magness
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Derek A T Cummings
- Department of Biology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - John C M Tsibris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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2
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Lin W, Yan Y, Huang Q, Zheng D. MDMX in Cancer: A Partner of p53 and a p53-Independent Effector. Biologics 2024; 18:61-78. [PMID: 38318098 PMCID: PMC10839028 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s436629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor protein plays an important role in physiological and pathological processes. MDM2 and its homolog MDMX are the most important negative regulators of p53. Many studies have shown that MDMX promotes the growth of cancer cells by influencing the regulation of the downstream target gene of tumor suppressor p53. Studies have found that inhibiting the MDMX-p53 interaction can effectively restore the tumor suppressor activity of p53. MDMX has growth-promoting activities without p53 or in the presence of mutant p53. Therefore, it is extremely important to study the function of MDMX in tumorigenesis, progression and prognosis. This article mainly reviews the current research progress and mechanism on MDMX function, summarizes known MDMX inhibitors and provides new ideas for the development of more specific and effective MDMX inhibitors for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Yan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingling Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dali Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Zafar A, Khan MJ, Naeem A. MDM2- an indispensable player in tumorigenesis. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:6871-6883. [PMID: 37314603 PMCID: PMC10374471 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Murine double minute 2 (MDM2) is a well-recognized molecule for its oncogenic potential. Since its identification, various cancer-promoting roles of MDM2 such as growth stimulation, sustained angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, apoptosis evasion, metastasis, and immunosuppression have been established. Alterations in the expression levels of MDM2 occur in multiple types of cancers resulting in uncontrolled proliferation. The cellular processes are modulated by MDM2 through transcription, post-translational modifications, protein degradation, binding to cofactors, and subcellular localization. In this review, we discuss the precise role of deregulated MDM2 levels in modulating cellular functions to promote cancer growth. Moreover, we also briefly discuss the role of MDM2 in inducing resistance against anti-cancerous therapies thus limiting the benefits of cancerous treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasma Zafar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, 45550 Pakistan
| | | | - Aisha Naeem
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 20057 Washington, DC U.S
- Qatar University Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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4
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Han D, Wang L, Jiang S, Yang Q. The ubiquitin-proteasome system in breast cancer. Trends Mol Med 2023:S1471-4914(23)00096-5. [PMID: 37328395 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a selective proteolytic system that is associated with the expression or function of target proteins and participates in various physiological and pathological processes of breast cancer. Inhibitors targeting the 26S proteasome in combination with other drugs have shown promising therapeutic effects in the clinical treatment of breast cancer. Moreover, several inhibitors/stimulators targeting other UPS components are also effective in preclinical studies, but have not yet been applied in the clinical treatment of breast cancer. Therefore, it is vital to comprehensively understand the functions of ubiquitination in breast cancer and to identify potential tumor promoters or tumor suppressors among UPS family members, with the aim of developing more effective and specific inhibitors/stimulators targeting specific components of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianwen Han
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Qifeng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Research Institute of Breast Cancer, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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5
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The ubiquitin ligase RNF2 stabilizes ERα and modulates breast cancer progression. Hum Cell 2023; 36:353-365. [PMID: 36271315 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00810-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is the most common clinical marker used for breast cancer prognosis and the classification of breast cancer subtypes. Clinically, patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer can receive endocrine therapy. However, resistance to endocrine therapy has become an urgent clinical problem. A large number of previous studies have proven that posttranslational modification of the estrogen receptor is significantly related to endocrine therapy resistance. RNF2 is a member of the RING finger protein family that functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Several studies have clarified that RNF2 is a critical regulator of ERα transcriptional regulation. In our current study, we identified RNF2 as an important posttranslational modification regulator of the estrogen receptor. RNF2 depletion inhibited breast cancer cell progression and ERα signaling activity. TCGA data analysis indicated that RNF2 was elevated in breast malignancies, while RNF2 depletion could drastically inhibit estrogen response gene expression on a whole-genome scale. TCGA data analysis revealed that RNF2 was positively correlated with ERα target gene expression. Further mechanistic studies showed that RNF2 was mainly localized in the nucleus and associated with ERα. The association increased ERα stability by inhibiting ERα K48-linked polyubiquitination. In conclusion, our study implicates nongenomic regulation by RNF2 on ERα protein stability and suggests that targeting RNF2 could be a promising strategy for breast cancer treatments.
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MDM4: What do we know about the association between its polymorphisms and cancer? MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 40:61. [PMID: 36566308 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01929-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
MDM4 is an important p53-negative regulator, consequently, it is involved in cell proliferation, DNA repair, and apoptosis regulation. MDM4 overexpression and amplification are described to lead to cancer formation, metastasis, and poor disease prognosis. Several MDM4 SNPs are in non-coding regions, and some affect the MDM4 regulation by disrupting the micro RNA binding site in 3'UTR (untranslated region). Here, we gathered several association studies with different MDM4 SNPs and populations to understand the relationship between its SNPs and solid tumor risk. Many studies failed to replicate their results regarding different populations, cancer types, and risk genotypes, leading to conflicting conclusions. We suggested that distinct haplotype patterns in different populations might affect the association between MDM4 SNPs and cancer risk. Thus, we propose to investigate some linkage SNPs in specific haplotypes to provide informative MDM4 markers for association studies with cancer.
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7
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Zhang S, Wang Y, Sun Y, Zhao G, Wang J, Liu L, Liu F, Wang P, Yang J, Xu X. Hinokiflavone, as a MDM2 inhibitor, activates p53 signaling pathway to induce apoptosis in human colon cancer HCT116 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 594:93-100. [PMID: 35078113 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hinokiflavone (HF), a natural biflavonoid that possesses various biological activities, has reported that HF could be a pre-mRNA splicing modulator, whereas its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study, we identified HF as a potential MDM2 inhibitor. What's more, we found that HF suppressed mdm2 mRNA synthesis at the transcriptional level. Then, this MDM2 inhibition led in turn to increase p53 protein expression and activate p53 pathway, which could decrease the survival of HCT116 colon cells by G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis induction. Then, bioinformatics suggested that ESR1 was a predicted and potential target of HF. Finally, we used molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation to demonstrate the binding patterns of HF and ESR1. To sum up, our study unearthed that HF was a feasible agent for MDM2 inhibitor through down-regulating mdm2 RNA level and activating p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhang
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Guangjian Zhao
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, China; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China; Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation Platform (QNLM), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, China; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China; Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation Platform (QNLM), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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8
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Mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus Alleviating Acquired Hyperlipidemia Induced by High-Fat Diet through Regulating Lipid Metabolism. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050954. [PMID: 35267929 PMCID: PMC8912611 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus (AM) is a food and medicinal homologous plant. The current research is aimed to investigate the beneficial effects and mechanisms of AM in treating acquired hyperlipidemia. The network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis results showed 481 AM-related targets and 474 acquired hyperlipidemia-associated targets, and 101 candidate targets were obtained through the intersection, mainly enriched in endocrine resistance, AGE-RAGE in diabetic complications and p53 signaling pathways. Quercetin, kaempferol, calycosin, formononetin and isorhamnetin were determined as the candidate active components of AM in the treatment of acquired hyperlipidemia. Moreover, key targets of AM, namely, AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), cyclin D1 (CCND1) and estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), were screened out, which were closely related to adipogenesis, fatty acid metabolism and bile acid metabolism. The subsequent animal experiments showed that AM extract treatment improved the lipid profiles of the high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice by reducing lipogenesis and increasing lipolysis and lipid β-oxidation, which were associated with the downregulating of AKT1 and CCND1, and the upregulating of VEGFA and ESR1 in liver and adipose tissue. Overall, AM alleviated acquired hyperlipidemia through regulating lipid metabolism, and AKT1, VEGFA, CCND1 and ESR1 might be the key targets.
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Rajan A, Varghese GR, Yadev I, Anandan J, Latha NR, Patra D, Krishnan N, Kuppusamy K, Warrier AV, Bhushan S, Nadhan R, Ram Kumar RM, Srinivas P. Modulation of BRCA1 mediated DNA damage repair by deregulated ER-α signaling in breast cancers. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:17-47. [PMID: 35141003 PMCID: PMC8822286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 mutation carriers have a greater risk of developing cancers in hormone-responsive tissues like breasts and ovaries. However, this tissue-specific incidence of BRCA1 related cancers remains elusive. The majority of the BRCA1 mutated breast cancers exhibit typical histopathological features of high-grade tumors, with basal epithelial phenotype, classified as triple-negative molecular subtype and have a higher percentage of DNA damage and chromosomal abnormality. Though there are many studies relating BRCA1 with ER-α (Estrogen receptor-α), it has not been reported whether E2 (Estrogen) -ER-α signaling can modulate the DNA repair activities of BRCA1. The present study analyzes whether deregulation of ER-α signaling, arising as a result of E2/ER-α deficiency, could impact the BRCA1 dependent DDR (DNA Damage Response) pathways, predominantly those of DNA-DSB (Double Strand break) repair and oxidative damage response. We demonstrate that E2/E2-stimulated ER-α can augment BRCA1 mediated high fidelity repairs like HRR (Homologous Recombination Repair) and BER (Base Excision Repair) in breast cancer cells. Conversely, a condition of ER-α deficiency itself or any interruption in ligand-dependent ER-α transactivation resulted in delayed DNA damage repair, leading to persistent activation of γH2AX and retention of unrepaired DNA lesions, thereby triggering tumor progression. ER-α deficiency not only limited the HRR in cells but also facilitated the DSB repair through error prone pathways like NHEJ (Non Homologous End Joining). ER-α deficiency associated persistence of DNA lesions and reduced expression of DDR proteins were validated in human mammary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arathi Rajan
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for BiotechnologyThiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
- Department of Biotechnology, University of KeralaThiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Geetu R Varghese
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for BiotechnologyThiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Induprabha Yadev
- Goverment Medical CollegeThiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Jaimie Anandan
- Goverment Medical CollegeThiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Neetha R Latha
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for BiotechnologyThiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Dipyaman Patra
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for BiotechnologyThiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Neethu Krishnan
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for BiotechnologyThiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Krithiga Kuppusamy
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for BiotechnologyThiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Arathy V Warrier
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for BiotechnologyThiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Satej Bhushan
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for BiotechnologyThiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Revathy Nadhan
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for BiotechnologyThiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer CentreOklahoma, United State
| | - Ram Mohan Ram Kumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for BiotechnologyThiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Priya Srinivas
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for BiotechnologyThiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
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Portman N, Chen J, Lim E. MDM2 as a Rational Target for Intervention in CDK4/6 Inhibitor Resistant, Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:777867. [PMID: 34804982 PMCID: PMC8596371 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.777867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the adoption of inhibitors of cyclin dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6i) in combination with endocrine therapy as standard of care for the treatment of advanced and metastatic estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer, the search is now on for novel therapeutic options to manage the disease after the inevitable development of resistance to CDK4/6i. In this review we will consider the integral role that the p53/MDM2 axis plays in the interactions between CDK4/6, ERα, and inhibitors of these molecules, the current preclinical evidence for the efficacy of MDM2 inhibitors in ER+ breast cancer, and discuss the possibility of targeting the p53/MDM2 via inhibition of MDM2 in the CDK4/6i resistance setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Portman
- Cancer Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Julia Chen
- Cancer Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Elgene Lim
- Cancer Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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Onozato Y, Sasaki Y, Abe Y, Sato H, Yagi M, Mizumoto N, Kon T, Sakai T, Ito M, Umehara M, Koseki A, Ueno Y. Novel genomic alteration in superficial esophageal squamous cell neoplasms in non-smoker non-drinker females. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20150. [PMID: 34635759 PMCID: PMC8505482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99790-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption and smoking pose a significant risk for esophageal squamous cell neoplasia (ESCN) development in males; however, ESCN is often diagnosed in non-drinking and non-smoking females. The mechanisms underlying these differences remain elusive, and understanding them can potentially identify novel pathways involved in ESCN development. We performed short-read sequencing to identify somatic variants on a cancer panel targeting 409 genes using DNA extracted from the superficial squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues and adjacent non-neoplastic epithelium (NE), and immunohistochemical staining of the protein encoded by the target gene. All male patients (n = 117) were drinkers or smokers, whereas 45% of the female patients (n = 33) were not. Somatic variants were compared among three age-matched groups: 13 female ESCC patients with smoking and drinking habits (known-risk group, F-KR), 13 female ESCC patients without these habits (unknown-risk group, F-UR), and 27 males with ESCC and smoking and drinking habits (M-KR). In the NE, the frequencies of CDKN2A variants were significantly higher in F-UR than in F-KR and M-KR. In both ESCC and NE, p14ARF was significantly overexpressed in F-UR than in the other groups. In conclusion, CDKN2A might be important in ESCC development, independent of known risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Onozato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Yu Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiko Abe
- Division of Endoscopy, Yamagata University Hospital, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Hidenori Sato
- Genomic Information Analysis Unit, Department of Genomic Cohort Research, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Makoto Yagi
- Division of Endoscopy, Yamagata University Hospital, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Naoko Mizumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Takashi Kon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sakai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Minami Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Matsuki Umehara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Ayumi Koseki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
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12
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Jilishitz I, Quiñones JL, Patel P, Chen G, Pasetsky J, VanInwegen A, Schoninger S, Jogalekar MP, Tsiperson V, Yan L, Wu Y, Gottesman SRS, Somma J, Blain SW. NP-ALT, a Liposomal:Peptide Drug, Blocks p27Kip1 Phosphorylation to Induce Oxidative Stress, Necroptosis, and Regression in Therapy-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1929-1945. [PMID: 34446542 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to cyclin D-CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) represents an unmet clinical need and is frequently caused by compensatory CDK2 activity. Here we describe a novel strategy to prevent CDK4i resistance by using a therapeutic liposomal:peptide formulation, NP-ALT, to inhibit the tyrosine phosphorylation of p27Kip1(CDKN1B), which in turn inhibits both CDK4/6 and CDK2. We find that NP-ALT blocks proliferation in HR+ breast cancer cells, as well as CDK4i-resistant cell types, including triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). The peptide ALT is not as stable in primary mammary epithelium, suggesting that NP-ALT has little effect in nontumor tissues. In HR+ breast cancer cells specifically, NP-ALT treatment induces ROS and RIPK1-dependent necroptosis. Estrogen signaling and ERα appear required. Significantly, NP-ALT induces necroptosis in MCF7 ESRY537S cells, which contain an ER gain of function mutation frequently detected in metastatic patients, which renders them resistant to endocrine therapy. Here we show that NP-ALT causes necroptosis and tumor regression in treatment naïve, palbociclib-resistant, and endocrine-resistant BC cells and xenograft models, demonstrating that p27 is a viable therapeutic target to combat drug resistance. IMPLICATIONS: This study reveals that blocking p27 tyrosine phosphorylation inhibits CDK4 and CDK2 activity and induces ROS-dependent necroptosis, suggesting a novel therapeutic option for endocrine and CDK4 inhibitor-resistant HR+ tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Jilishitz
- Department of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Jason Luis Quiñones
- Department of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Priyank Patel
- Concarlo Holdings, LLC, Downstate Biotechnology Incubator, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Grace Chen
- Concarlo Holdings, LLC, Downstate Biotechnology Incubator, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Jared Pasetsky
- College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Allison VanInwegen
- Department of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Scott Schoninger
- College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Manasi P Jogalekar
- Department of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Vladislav Tsiperson
- Department of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Lingyue Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Susan R S Gottesman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Jonathan Somma
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Los Angeles
| | - Stacy W Blain
- Department of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York.
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13
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Gandhi N, Oturkar CC, Das GM. Estrogen Receptor-Alpha and p53 Status as Regulators of AMPK and mTOR in Luminal Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143612. [PMID: 34298826 PMCID: PMC8306694 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Luminal breast cancer (LBC) driven by dysregulated estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) signaling accounts for 70% of the breast cancer cases diagnosed. Although endocrine therapy (ET) is effective against LBC, about one-third of these patients fail to respond to therapy owing to acquired or inherent resistance mechanisms. Aberrant signaling via ERα, oncogenes, growth factor receptors, and mutations in tumor suppressors such as p53 impinge on downstream regulators such as AMPK and mTOR. While both AMPK and mTOR have been reported to play important roles in determining sensitivity of LBC to ET, how the ERα-p53 crosstalk impinges on regulation of AMPK and mTOR, thereby influencing therapeutic efficacy remains unknown. Here, we have addressed this important issue using isogenic breast cancer cell lines, siRNA-mediated RNA knockdown, and different modes of drug treatments. Interaction of p53 with ERα and AMPK was determined by in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA), and endogenous gene transcripts were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Further, the effect of concurrent and sequential administration of Fulvestrant-Everolimus combination on colony formation was determined. The studies showed that in cells expressing wild type p53, as well as in cells devoid of p53, ERα represses AMPK, whereas in cells harboring mutant p53, repression of AMPK is sustained even in the absence of ERα. AMPK is a major negative regulator of mTOR, and to our knowledge, this is the first study on the contribution of AMPK-dependent regulation of mTOR by ERα. Furthermore, the studies revealed that independent of the p53 mutation status, combination of Fulvestrant and Everolimus may be a viable first line therapeutic strategy for potentially delaying resistance of ERα+/HER2- LBC to ET.
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14
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Mancini F, Giorgini L, Teveroni E, Pontecorvi A, Moretti F. Role of Sex in the Therapeutic Targeting of p53 Circuitry. Front Oncol 2021; 11:698946. [PMID: 34307167 PMCID: PMC8298065 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.698946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex profoundly affects cancer incidence and susceptibility to therapy, with sex hormones highly contributing to this disparity. Various studies and omics data suggest a relationship between sex and the oncosuppressor p53 circuitry, including its regulators MDM2 and MDM4. Association of this network with genetic variation underlies sex-related altered cancer risk, age of onset, and cancer sensitivity to therapy. Moreover, sex-related factors, mainly estrogenic hormones, can affect the levels and/or function of the p53 network both in hormone-dependent and independent cancer. Despite this evidence, preclinical and clinical studies aimed to evaluate p53 targeted therapy rarely consider sex and related factors. This review summarizes the studies reporting the relationship between sex and the p53 circuitry, including its associated regulators, MDM2 and MDM4, with particular emphasis on estrogenic hormones. Moreover, we reviewed the evaluation of sex/hormone in preclinical studies and clinical trials employing p53-target therapies, and discuss how patients’ sex and hormonal status could impact these therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mancini
- Research Unit on Human Reproduction, International Scientific Institute Paul VI, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Giorgini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Monterotondo, Italy.,Catholic University of the Sacred Heart of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Teveroni
- Research Unit on Human Reproduction, International Scientific Institute Paul VI, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiola Moretti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Monterotondo, Italy
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15
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Timmerman DM, Remmers TL, Hillenius S, Looijenga LHJ. Mechanisms of TP53 Pathway Inactivation in Embryonic and Somatic Cells-Relevance for Understanding (Germ Cell) Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105377. [PMID: 34065345 PMCID: PMC8161298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The P53 pathway is the most important cellular pathway to maintain genomic and cellular integrity, both in embryonic and non-embryonic cells. Stress signals induce its activation, initiating autophagy or cell cycle arrest to enable DNA repair. The persistence of these signals causes either senescence or apoptosis. Over 50% of all solid tumors harbor mutations in TP53 that inactivate the pathway. The remaining cancers are suggested to harbor mutations in genes that regulate the P53 pathway such as its inhibitors Mouse Double Minute 2 and 4 (MDM2 and MDM4, respectively). Many reviews have already been dedicated to P53, MDM2, and MDM4, while this review additionally focuses on the other factors that can deregulate P53 signaling. We discuss that P14ARF (ARF) functions as a negative regulator of MDM2, explaining the frequent loss of ARF detected in cancers. The long non-coding RNA Antisense Non-coding RNA in the INK4 Locus (ANRIL) is encoded on the same locus as ARF, inhibiting ARF expression, thus contributing to the process of tumorigenesis. Mutations in tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins deregulate P53 signaling through their ubiquitin ligase activity. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) inactivate the P53 pathway through inhibition of translation. CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) maintains an open chromatin structure at the TP53 locus, explaining its inactivation of CTCF during tumorigenesis. P21, a downstream effector of P53, has been found to be deregulated in different tumor types. This review provides a comprehensive overview of these factors that are known to deregulate the P53 pathway in both somatic and embryonic cells, as well as their malignant counterparts (i.e., somatic and germ cell tumors). It provides insights into which aspects still need to be unraveled to grasp their contribution to tumorigenesis, putatively leading to novel targets for effective cancer therapies.
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16
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Identification of crucial aberrantly methylated and differentially expressed genes related to cervical cancer using an integrated bioinformatics analysis. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:223801. [PMID: 32368784 PMCID: PMC7218222 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20194365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylation functions in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. In the present study, we applied an integrated bioinformatics analysis to identify the aberrantly methylated and differentially expressed genes (DEGS), and their related pathways in cervical cancer. Data of gene expression microarrays (GSE9750) and gene methylation microarrays (GSE46306) were gained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Hub genes were identified by ‘limma’ packages and Venn diagram tool. Functional analysis was conducted by FunRich. Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes Database (STRING) was used to analyze protein–protein interaction (PPI) information. Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), immunohistochemistry staining, and ROC curve analysis were conducted for validation. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was also performed to identify potential functions.We retrieved two upregulated-hypomethylated oncogenes and eight downregulated-hypermethylated tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) for functional analysis. Hypomethylated and highly expressed genes (Hypo-HGs) were significantly enriched in cell cycle and autophagy, and hypermethylated and lowly expressed genes (Hyper-LGs) in estrogen receptor pathway and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), Erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 like 3 (EPB41L3), Endothelin receptor B (EDNRB), Inhibitor of DNA binding 4 (ID4) and placenta-specific 8 (PLAC8) were hub genes. Kaplan–Meier method was used to evaluate survival data of each identified gene. Lower expression levels of ESR1 and EPB41L3 were correlated with a shorter survival time. GSEA results showed that ‘cell adhesion molecules’ was the most enriched item. This research inferred the candidate genes and pathways that might be used in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cervical cancer.
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17
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Bartnykaitė A, Savukaitytė A, Ugenskienė R, Daukšaitė M, Korobeinikova E, Gudaitienė J, Juozaitytė E. Associations of MDM2 and MDM4 Polymorphisms with Early-Stage Breast Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040866. [PMID: 33669778 PMCID: PMC7922970 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MDM2 and MDM4 have been associated with various cancers. However, the influence on clinical characteristics of breast cancer has not been sufficiently investigated yet. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between SNPs in MDM2 (rs2279744, rs937283, rs937282) and MDM4 (rs1380576, rs4245739) and I-II stage breast cancer. For analysis, the genomic DNA was extracted from 100 unrelated women peripheral blood. Polymorphisms were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. The study showed that MDM2 rs937283 and rs937282 were significantly associated with estrogen receptor status and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status. SNPs rs1380576 and rs4245739, located in MDM4, were significantly associated with status of estrogen and progesterone receptors. Our findings suggest that rs937283 AG, rs937282 CG, rs1380576 CC, and rs4245739 AA genotypes were linked to hormonal receptor positive breast cancer and may be useful genetic markers for disease assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnė Bartnykaitė
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Oncology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.S.); (R.U.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +3-703-778-7317
| | - Aistė Savukaitytė
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Oncology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.S.); (R.U.); (M.D.)
| | - Rasa Ugenskienė
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Oncology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.S.); (R.U.); (M.D.)
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Monika Daukšaitė
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Oncology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.S.); (R.U.); (M.D.)
| | - Erika Korobeinikova
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.K.); (J.G.); (E.J.)
| | - Jurgita Gudaitienė
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.K.); (J.G.); (E.J.)
| | - Elona Juozaitytė
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.K.); (J.G.); (E.J.)
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18
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Deregulated estrogen receptor signaling and DNA damage response in breast tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188482. [PMID: 33260050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carriers of BRCA1 mutations have a higher chance of developing cancers in hormone-responsive tissues like the breast, ovary and prostate, compared to other tissues. These tumors generally exhibit basal-like characters and do not express estrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PR). Intriguingly, BRCA1 mutated breast cancers have a less favorable clinical outcome, as they will not respond to hormone therapy. BRCA1 has been reported to exhibit ligand dependent and independent transcriptional inhibition of ER-α; however, there exists a controversy on whether BRCA1 induces or inhibits ER-α expression. The mechanisms associated with resistance of BRCA1 mutated cancers to hormone therapy, as well as the tissue restriction exhibited by BRCA1 mutated tumors are still largely unknown. BRCA1 mutated tumors possess increased DNA damages and decreased genomic integrity, as BRCA1 plays a cardinal role in high fidelity DNA damage repair pathways, like homologous recombination (HR). The existence of cross regulatory signaling networks between ER-α and BRCA1 speculates a role of ER on BRCA1 dependent DDR pathways. Thus, the loss or haploinsufficiency of BRCA1 and the consequential deregulation of ER-α signaling may result in persistence of unrepaired DNA damages, eventually leading to tumorigenesis. Therefore, understanding of this cross-talk between ER-α and BRCA1, with regard to DDR, will provide critical insights to steer drug development and therapy for breast/ovarian cancers. This review discusses the mechanisms by which estrogen and ER signaling influence BRCA1 mediated DNA damage response and repair pathways in the mammalian system.
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19
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The 40bp Indel Polymorphism rs150550023 in the MDM2 Promoter is Associated with Intriguing Shifts in Gene Expression in the p53-MDM2 Regulatory Hub. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113363. [PMID: 33202864 PMCID: PMC7697608 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Most low-penetrance genetic risk factors for cancer are located in noncoding regions, presumably altering the regulation of neighboring genes. The poorly characterized Indel polymorphism rs150550023 (rs3730485; del1518) in the promoter of MDM2 (human homolog of mouse double minute 2) is a biologically plausible candidate genetic risk factor, which might influence the expression of MDM2, a key negative regulator of the central tumor suppressor p53. Here, we genotyped rs150550023 in a Central European hospital-based case-control study of 407 breast cancer patients and 254 female controls. mRNA levels of MDM2, p53, and the p53 target genes p21, BAX, and PERP were quantified with qRT-PCR, and p53 protein was assessed with immune histochemistry in ≈100 primary breast tumors with ascertained rs150550023 genotype. We found no evidence for an association of rs150550023 with the risk, age at onset, or prognosis of breast cancer. A possible synergism was observed with SNP309 in promoter P2 of MDM2. Mean mRNA levels of MDM2, p53, p21, and BAX were ≈1.5-3 fold elevated in TP53 wildtype tumors with the minor homozygous Del/Del genotype. However, systematic shifts in p53 protein levels or mutation rates were not observed, suggesting that the elevated p53 mRNA levels are due to regulatory feedback loops that compensate for the effects of rs150550023 on MDM2 expression.
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20
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Portman N, Milioli HH, Alexandrou S, Coulson R, Yong A, Fernandez KJ, Chia KM, Halilovic E, Segara D, Parker A, Haupt S, Haupt Y, Tilley WD, Swarbrick A, Caldon CE, Lim E. MDM2 inhibition in combination with endocrine therapy and CDK4/6 inhibition for the treatment of ER-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:87. [PMID: 32787886 PMCID: PMC7425060 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01318-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to endocrine therapy is a major clinical challenge in the management of oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. In this setting, p53 is frequently wildtype and its activity may be suppressed via upregulation of its key regulator MDM2. This underlies our rationale to evaluate MDM2 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in treatment-resistant ER-positive breast cancer. Methods We used the MDM2 inhibitor NVP-CGM097 to treat in vitro and in vivo models alone and in combination with fulvestrant or palbociclib. We perform cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis and senescence assays to evaluate anti-tumour effects in p53 wildtype and p53 mutant ER-positive cell lines (MCF-7, ZR75-1, T-47D) and MCF-7 lines resistant to endocrine therapy and to CDK4/6 inhibition. We further assess the drug effects in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of endocrine-sensitive and endocrine-resistant ER-positive breast cancer. Results We demonstrate that MDM2 inhibition results in cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis in p53-wildtype in vitro and in vivo breast cancer models, leading to potent anti-tumour activity. We find that endocrine therapy or CDK4/6 inhibition synergises with MDM2 inhibition but does not further enhance apoptosis. Instead, combination treatments result in profound regulation of cell cycle-related transcriptional programmes, with synergy achieved through increased antagonism of cell cycle progression. Combination therapy pushes cell lines resistant to fulvestrant or palbociclib to become senescent and significantly reduces tumour growth in a fulvestrant-resistant patient-derived xenograft model. Conclusions We conclude that MDM2 inhibitors in combination with ER degraders or CDK4/6 inhibitors represent a rational strategy for treating advanced, endocrine-resistant ER-positive breast cancer, operating through synergistic activation of cell cycle co-regulatory programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Portman
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Heloisa H Milioli
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Sarah Alexandrou
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Rhiannon Coulson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Aliza Yong
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Kristine J Fernandez
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Kee Ming Chia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Ensar Halilovic
- Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Davendra Segara
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Andrew Parker
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Sue Haupt
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Wayne D Tilley
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Alex Swarbrick
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - C Elizabeth Caldon
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Elgene Lim
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia. .,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
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21
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Haupt S, Mejía-Hernández JO, Vijayakumaran R, Keam SP, Haupt Y. The long and the short of it: the MDM4 tail so far. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:231-244. [PMID: 30689920 PMCID: PMC6478121 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse double minute 4 (MDM4) is emerging from the shadow of its more famous relative MDM2 and is starting to steal the limelight, largely due to its therapeutic possibilities. MDM4 is a vital regulator of the tumor suppressor p53. It restricts p53 transcriptional activity and also, at least in development, facilitates MDM2's E3 ligase activity toward p53. These functions of MDM4 are critical for normal cell function and a proper response to stress. Their importance for proper cell maintenance and proliferation identifies them as a risk for deregulation associated with the uncontrolled growth of cancer. MDM4 tails are vital for its function, where its N-terminus transactivation domain engages p53 and its C-terminus RING domain binds to MDM2. In this review, we highlight recently identified cellular functions of MDM4 and survey emerging therapies directed to correcting its dysregulation in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Haupt
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Reshma Vijayakumaran
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon P Keam
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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22
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Tian Y, Xu Z, Fu J. CircularRNA-9119 promotes the proliferation of cervical cancer cells by sponging miR-126/MDM4. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 470:53-62. [PMID: 32385717 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03745-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of circular RNA-9119 (circ9119) in cervical cancer (CC) and the microRNA-126-3p (miR-126)-based molecular mechanism underlying CC. circ9119 and MDM4 were initially overexpressed, and miR-126 expression was found to be reduced in CC cells and tissues. A series of mimics, inhibitors, overexpressing plasmids or siRNAs were introduced into CC cells to alter the circ9119, miR-126, and MDM4 expressions. Cell-based experiments showed that silencing of circ9119 or the upregulation of miR-126 resulted in suppressed proliferation, accompanied by the induced apoptosis of CC cells. The dual-luciferase reporter assay highlighted that circ9119 functioned as an miR-126 ceRNA to increase MDM4 expression. In vivo experiments further confirmed the suppressed tumor growth caused by circ9119 silencing. Our findings demonstrated that circ9119 acts as an oncogene in CC. Our study provides evidence for targeting circ9119 for the treatment of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Tian
- Gynecology Second Ward, Linyi Central Hospital, No. 17, Health Road, Yishui County, Linyi, 276400, Shandong, China.
| | - Zonglan Xu
- Gynecology Second Ward, Linyi Central Hospital, No. 17, Health Road, Yishui County, Linyi, 276400, Shandong, China
| | - Jingjing Fu
- Gynecology Second Ward, Linyi Central Hospital, No. 17, Health Road, Yishui County, Linyi, 276400, Shandong, China
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Estrogens Counteract Platinum-Chemosensitivity by Modifying the Subcellular Localization of MDM4. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091349. [PMID: 31547268 PMCID: PMC6770881 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen activity towards cancer-related pathways can impact therapeutic intervention. Recent omics data suggest possible crosstalk between estrogens/gender and MDM4, a key regulator of p53. Since MDM4 can either promote cell transformation or enhance DNA damage-sensitivity, we analysed in vivo impact of estrogens on both MDM4 activities. In Mdm4 transgenic mouse, Mdm4 accelerates the formation of fibrosarcoma and increases tumor sensitivity to cisplatin as well, thus confirming in vivo Mdm4 dual mode of action. Noteworthy, Mdm4 enhances chemo- and radio-sensitivity in male but not in female animals, whereas its tumor-promoting activity is not affected by mouse gender. Combination therapy of transgenic females with cisplatin and fulvestrant, a selective estrogen receptor degrader, was able to recover tumor cisplatin-sensitivity, demonstrating the relevance of estrogens in the observed sexual dimorphism. Molecularly, estrogen receptor-α alters intracellular localization of MDM4 by increasing its nuclear fraction correlated to decreased cell death, in a p53-independent manner. Importantly, MDM4 nuclear localization and intra-tumor estrogen availability correlate with decreased platinum-sensitivity and apoptosis and predicts poor disease-free survival in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. These data demonstrate estrogen ability to modulate chemo-sensitivity of MDM4-expressing tumors and to impinge on intracellular trafficking. They support potential usefulness of combination therapy involving anti-estrogenic drugs.
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Frequent amplifications of ESR1, ERBB2 and MDM4 in primary invasive lobular breast carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2019; 461:21-30. [PMID: 31229512 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common histological subtype of breast cancer following invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). To identify potential genetic drivers of ILC progression, we used NanoString nCounter technology to investigate the DNA copy number (CN) in 70 well-curated primary ILC samples. We confirmed prior observations of frequent amplification of CCND1 (33%), and MYC (17%) in ILC, but additionally identified a substantial subset of ILCs with ESR1 and ERBB2 (19%) amplifications. Of interest, tumors with ESR1 CN gains (14%) and amplification (10%) were more likely to recur compared to those with normal CN. Finally, we observed that MDM4 (MDMX) was amplified in 17% of ILC samples. MDM4 knockdown in TP53 wild-type ILC cell lines caused increased apoptosis, decreased proliferation associated with cell cycle arrest, and concomitant activation of TP53 target genes. Similar effects were seen in TP53 mutant cells, indicting a TP53-independent role for MDM4 in ILC. To conclude, amplification of ESR1 and MDM4 are potential genetic drivers of ILC. These amplifications may represent actionable, targetable tumor dependencies, and thus have potential clinical implications and warrant further study.
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Bauer M, Kantelhardt EJ, Stiewe T, Nist A, Mernberger M, Politt K, Hanf V, Lantzsch T, Uleer C, Peschel S, John J, Buchmann J, Weigert E, Bürrig KF, Wickenhauser C, Thomssen C, Bartel F, Vetter M. Specific allelic variants of SNPs in the MDM2 and MDMX genes are associated with earlier tumor onset and progression in Caucasian breast cancer patients. Oncotarget 2019; 10:1975-1992. [PMID: 30956778 PMCID: PMC6443004 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic factors play a substantial role in breast cancer etiology. Genes encoding proteins that have key functions in the DNA damage response, such as p53 and its inhibitors MDM2 and MDMX, are most likely candidates to harbor allelic variants that influence breast cancer susceptibility. The aim of our study was to comprehensively analyze the impact of SNPs in the TP53, MDM2, and MDMX genes in conjunction with TP53 mutational status regarding the onset and progression of breast cancer. Methods In specimen from 815 breast cancer patients, five SNPs within the selected genes were analyzed: TP53 – Arg72Pro (rs1042522), MDM2 – SNP285 (rs2279744), SNP309 (rs117039649); MDMX – SNP31826 (rs1563828), and SNP34091 (rs4245739). Classification of the tumors was evaluated by histomorphology. Subtyping according hormone receptor status, HER2-status and proliferation rate enabled provision of the clinico-pathological surrogate of intrinsic subtypes. Results The homozygous C-allele of MDM2 SNP285 was significantly associated with a younger age-at-diagnosis of 44.2 years, in contrast to G/G- and G/C-patients (62.4, 62.7 yrs., respectively; p = 0.0007; log-Rank-test). In contrast, there was no difference regarding the age-at-diagnosis for patients with the respective genotypes of MDM2 SNP309 (p = 0.799; log-Rank-test). In patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and TP53-mutated tumors, however, the T/T-genotype of the MDM2 SNP309 was significantly associated with an earlier average age-at-diagnosis compared with T/G+G/G-patients (53.5 vs. 68.2 yrs; p = 0.002; log-Rank-test). In the triple-negative subgroup, the G/G-patients had an average age-at-diagnosis of 51 years compared with 63 years for SNP309T carriers (p = 0.004; log-Rank-test) indicating a susceptibility of the G/G genotype for the development of triple negative breast cancer. Patients with the A/A-genotype of MDMX SNP31826 with ER-negative tumors were diagnosed 11 years earlier compared with patients and ER-positive tumors (53.2 vs. 64.4 yrs; p = 0.025, log-Rank-test). Furthermore, in luminal B-like patients (HER2-independent) the C/C-genotype of MDMX SNP34091 was significantly correlated with a decreased event-free survival compared with the A/A-genotype (p < 0.001; log-Rank-test). Conclusions We showed that SNPs in the MDM2 and MDMX genes affect at least in part the onset and progression of breast cancer dependent on the ER-status. Our findings provide further evidence for the distinct etiological pathways in ER-negative and ER-positive breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Bauer
- Institute of Pathology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Eva Johanna Kantelhardt
- Department of Gynaecology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany.,Genomics Core Facility, Philipps-University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Nist
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Marco Mernberger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Politt
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Volker Hanf
- Department of Gynaecology, Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
| | - Tilmann Lantzsch
- Department of Gynaecology, Hospital St. Elisabeth and St. Barbara, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Susanne Peschel
- Department of Gynaecology, St. Bernward Hospital, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Jutta John
- Department of Gynaecology, Helios Hospital Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Jörg Buchmann
- Institute of Pathology, Hospital Martha-Maria, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Edith Weigert
- Institute of Pathology, Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Wickenhauser
- Institute of Pathology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christoph Thomssen
- Department of Gynaecology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Frank Bartel
- Institute of Pathology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Martina Vetter
- Department of Gynaecology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Cai H, Zhang P, Xu M, Yan L, Liu N, Wu X. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0000263 participates in cervical cancer development by regulating target gene of miR-150-5p. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:11391-11400. [PMID: 30569515 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a new class of noncoding RNA, and plays an important role in many pathological processes. Cervical cancer is the most common gynecologic malignant tumor. Recently, studies have shown that there is a variety of circRNA involved in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. We screened out the highly expressed hsa_circ_0000263 from GSE102686 by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay in cervical cancer cell lines. In this study, we investigated whether hsa_circ_0000263 might affect cell proliferation, migration, cell cycle and apoptosis in cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo. The luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay confirmed the direct interaction between miR-150-5p and hsa_circ_0000263. By using western blot and immunohistochemistry, we confirmed that hsa_circ_0000263 can regulate the expression of murine double minute 4 (MDM4) by affecting miR-150-5p, and finally affect the expression of p53 gene. We found that hsa_circ_0000263 was significantly upregulated in cervical cancer cells. In addition, the knockdown of hsa_circ_0000263, would inhibit cell proliferation and migration ability. In conclusion, our current research reveals the important role of hsa_circ_0000263/miR-150-5p/MDM4/p53 regulatory network in cervical cancer and provides a new insight into the pathogenesis of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongning Cai
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nian Liu
- Department of Women Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Xufeng Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
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MDM4 contributes to the increased risk of glioma susceptibility in Han Chinese population. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11093. [PMID: 30038284 PMCID: PMC6056491 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, MDM4 gene has been reported to be a susceptibility gene for glioma in Europeans, but the molecular mechanism of glioma pathogenesis remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether common variants of MDM4 contribute to the risk of glioma in Han Chinese individuals. A total of 24 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MDM4 gene were assessed in a dataset of 562 glioma patients (non-glioblastoma) and 1,192 cancer-free controls. The SNP rs4252707 was found to be strongly associated with the risk of non-GBM (P = 0.000101, adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.16–1.55). Further analyses indicated that there was a significant association between A allele of rs4252707 associated with the increased non-GBM risk. Haplotype analysis also confirmed a result similar to that of the single-SNP analysis. Using stratification analyses, we found the association of rs4252707 with an increased non-GBM risk in adults (≥18 years, P = 0.0016) and individuals without IR exposure history (P = 0.0013). Our results provide strong evidence that the MDM4 gene is tightly linked to genetic susceptibility for non-GBM risk in Han Chinese population, indicating a important role for MDM4 gene in the etiology of glioma.
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28
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Kundu N, Brekman A, Kim JY, Xiao G, Gao C, Bargonetti J. Estrogen-activated MDM2 disrupts mammary tissue architecture through a p53-independent pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 8:47916-47930. [PMID: 28615518 PMCID: PMC5564615 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data indicate that high MDM2 expression correlates with all subtypes of breast cancer. Overexpression of MDM2 drives breast oncogenesis in the presence of wild-type or mutant p53 (mtp53). Importantly, estrogen-receptor positive (ER+) breast cancers overexpress MDM2 and estrogen mediates this expression. We previously demonstrated that this estrogen-MDM2 axis activates the proliferation of breast cancer cell lines T47D (mtp53 L194F) and MCF7 (wild-type p53) in a manner independent of increased degradation of wild-type p53 (ie, p53-independently). Herein we present data supporting the role of the estrogen-MDM2 axis in regulating cell proliferation and mammary tissue architecture of MCF7 and T47D cells in a p53-independent manner. Inducible shRNA mediated MDM2 knockdown inhibited colony formation in soft agar, decreased mass size and induced lumen formation in matrigel and also significantly reduced mitosis as seen by decreased phospho-histone H3 positive cells. The knockdown of MDM2 in both cell lines decreased Rb phosphorylation and the level of E2F1 protein. This signaling was through the estrogen receptor because fulvestrant (a selective estrogen receptor degrader) decreased MDM2 protein levels and decreased phosphorylation of Rb. Taken together these data indicate that in some ER+ breast cancers the estrogen-MDM2-Rb-E2F1 axis is a central hub for estrogen-mediated p53-independent signal transduction. This is the first indication that estrogen signaling utilizes the estrogen-MDM2 axis to provoke phosphorylation of Rb and increase E2F1 while promoting abnormal mammary architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Kundu
- The Department of Biological Sciences Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA.,PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Angelika Brekman
- The Department of Biological Sciences Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA.,PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jun Yeob Kim
- The Department of Biological Sciences Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gu Xiao
- The Department of Biological Sciences Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chong Gao
- The Department of Biological Sciences Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA.,PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jill Bargonetti
- The Department of Biological Sciences Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA.,PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA.,PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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29
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Haupt S, Vijayakumaran R, Miranda PJ, Burgess A, Lim E, Haupt Y. The role of MDM2 and MDM4 in breast cancer development and prevention. J Mol Cell Biol 2017; 9:53-61. [PMID: 28096293 PMCID: PMC5439375 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjx007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The major cause of death from breast cancer is not the primary tumour, but relapsing, drug-resistant, metastatic disease. Identifying factors that contribute to aggressive cancer offers important leads for therapy. Inherent defence against carcinogens depends on the individual molecular make-up of each person. Important molecular determinants of these responses are under the control of the mouse double minute (MDM) family: comprised of the proteins MDM2 and MDM4. In normal, healthy adult cells, the MDM family functions to critically regulate measured, cellular responses to stress and subsequent recovery. Proper function of the MDM family is vital for normal breast development, but also for preserving genomic fidelity. The MDM family members are best characterized for their negative regulation of the major tumour suppressor p53 to modulate stress responses. Their impact on other cellular regulators is emerging. Inappropriately elevated protein levels of the MDM family are highly associated with an increased risk of cancer incidence. Exploration of the MDM family members as cancer therapeutic targets is relevant for designing tailored anti-cancer treatments, but successful approaches must strategically consider the impact on both the target cancer and adjacent healthy cells and tissues. This review focuses on recent findings pertaining to the role of the MDM family in normal and malignant breast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Haupt
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Reshma Vijayakumaran
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Panimaya Jeffreena Miranda
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Andrew Burgess
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Elgene Lim
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia.,Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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30
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Variations within 3'-UTR of MDM4 gene contribute to clinical outcomes of advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients following platinum-based chemotherapy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:16313-16324. [PMID: 27462918 PMCID: PMC5369965 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in microRNA (miRNA)-binding sites may modulate the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression and explain individual sensitivity to platinum agents. This study aimed to investigate the impact of SNPs located at 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of MDM4 gene, on clinical outcomes of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Four SNPs were genotyped by using DNA from blood samples of advanced NSCLC patients (642 in the Discovery set and 330 in the Replication set) and were analyzed the relationships with clinical outcomes. Carriers with rs10900598 CC genotype and rs4245739 AC genotype showed increased overall survival (OS) than those with AA genotype (P = 0.017 and P = 0.037, respectively) in the Discovery set and after pooling results from the Replication set. A combined effect on survival of variant alleles was also concluded and validated. Stratification analysis revealed that the effect of MDM4 SNPs was more pronounced in lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) subgroups. A reduced expression of the reporter gene for the C allele of rs4245739 was observed in NSCLC cells using luciferase reporter gene assays. Taken together, our results demonstrate that genetic variations in 3′-UTR of MDM4 gene may influence outcomes of advanced NSCLC by miRNAs-mediated regulation.
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31
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Masoodi TA, Banaganapalli B, Vaidyanathan V, Talluri VR, Shaik NA. Computational Analysis of Breast Cancer GWAS Loci Identifies the Putative Deleterious Effect of STXBP4 and ZNF404 Gene Variants. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4296-4307. [PMID: 28422318 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled us in identifying different breast cancer (BC) susceptibility loci. However, majority of these are non-coding variants with no annotated biological function. We investigated such 78 noncoding genome wide associated SNPs of BC and further expanded the list to 2,162 variants with strong linkage-disequilibrium (LD, r2 ≥0.8). Using multiple publically available algorithms such as CADD, GWAVA, and FATHAMM, we classified all these variants into deleterious, damaging, or benign categories. Out of total 2,241 variants, 23 (1.02%) variants were extreme deleterious (rank 1), 70 (3.12%) variants were deleterious (rank 2), and 1,937 (86.43%) variants were benign (rank 3). The results show 14% of lead or associated variants are under strong negative selection (GERP++ RS ≥2), and ∼22% are under balancing selection (Tajima's D score >2) in CEU population of 1KGP-the regions being positively selected (GERP++ RS <0) in mammalian evolution. The expression quantitative trait loci of highest deleteriously ranked genes were tested on relevant adipose and breast tissues, the results of which were extended for protein expression on breast tissues. From the concordance analysis of ranking system of GWAVA, CADD, and FATHMM, eQTL and protein expression, we identified the deleterious SNPs localized in STXBP4 and ZNF404 genes which might play a role in BC development by dysregulating its gene expression. This simple approach will be easier to implement and to prioritize large scale GWAS data for variety of diseases and link to the potentially unrecognized functional roles of genes. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4296-4307, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Ahmad Masoodi
- Department of Biotechnology, K L University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Hyderabad Science Society, Hyderabad, 500004, India
| | - Babajan Banaganapalli
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah
| | - Venkatesh Vaidyanathan
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, FMHS, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Venkateswar R Talluri
- Department of Biotechnology, K L University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.,Prof. TNA Innovation Center, Varsha Bioscience and Technology India Private Limited, Hyderabad, India
| | - Noor A Shaik
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah
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