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Ouyang W, Wu Z, Wang P, Cui X, Hao X, Zhu W, Jin R. Diffuse nutrient export dynamics from accumulated litterfall in forested watersheds with remote sensing data coupled model. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 209:117948. [PMID: 34952486 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients exported from forest litterfall significantly contribute to the global cycling of elements and the water quality in watersheds. Simulating the watershed discharge load is challenging because of the combined effects of the decomposing litterfall and topographic heterogeneity. We quantified the contribution of diffuse nutrient export from forest litterfall in a low temperature watershed using artificial rainfall experiments and watershed territorial modeling with remote sensing data, and therefore, the critical spatial factors and corresponding nutrient export dynamics were identified. Rainfall intensity and terrain slope were found to be the key factors for nutrient export under different litterfall decomposition conditions. Based on the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer data and field observations, the temporal patterns of litterfall biomass of two types of dominant forests (broad-leaved and mixed) were interpreted. The spatial patterns of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) exports from watershed litterfall were simulated by coupling the observed discharge parameters under artificial rainfall conditions and watershed surface flow modeling with the hydrological characteristics of the forested areas. The average watershed TOC, TN, and TP loads exported from the litterfall were approximately 58.22, 7.89, and 0.37 kg ha-1 a-1, respectively. The exported loads of TOC, TN, and TP varied with the forest types, and the loads from the litterfall of deciduous broad-leaved forest were found to be ∼50-70% of loads from the litterfall of mixed forest. A comparison with similar studies worldwide also indicated that low temperature decreased the litterfall decomposition rate and diffuse nutrient export. This study indicated that litterfall nutrients were a key contributor to watershed water pollution, and their spatial discharge trend varied intensively with the terrestrial conditions. The modified simulation methods were found to accurately assess the cycling of nutrients from the forest litterfall on a watershed scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ouyang
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China.
| | - Zeshan Wu
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Pengtao Wang
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xintong Cui
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xin Hao
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Weihong Zhu
- School of Geographic and Ocean Sciences, Key laboratory of Wetland Ecological Functions and Ecological Security, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133000, China
| | - Ri Jin
- School of Geographic and Ocean Sciences, Key laboratory of Wetland Ecological Functions and Ecological Security, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133000, China
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2
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Estimating dissolved carbon concentrations in global soils: a global database and model. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-03290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractDissolved carbon (C) leaching in and from soils plays an important role in C transport along the terrestrial-aquatic continuum. However, a global overview and analysis of dissolved carbon in soil solutions, covering a wide range of vegetation types and climates, is lacking. We compiled a global database on annual average dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in soil solutions, including potential governing factors, with 762 entries from 351 different sites covering a range of climate zones, land cover types and soil classes. Using this database we develop regression models to calculate topsoil concentrations, and concentrations versus depth in the subsoil at the global scale. For DIC, the lack of a proportional globally distributed cover inhibits analysis on a global scale. For DOC, annual average concentrations range from 1.7 to 88.3 (median = 25.27) mg C/L for topsoils (n = 255) and from 0.42 to 372.1 (median = 5.50) mg C/L for subsoils (n = 285, excluding lab incubations). Highest topsoil values occur in forests of cooler, humid zones. In topsoils, multiple regression showed that precipitation is the most significant factor. Our global topsoil DOC model ($${\mathrm{R}}^{2}=0.36$$
R
2
=
0.36
) uses precipitation, soil class, climate zone and land cover type as model factors. Our global subsoil model describes DOC concentrations vs. depth for different USDA soil classes (overall ($${\mathrm{R}}^{2}=0.45$$
R
2
=
0.45
). Highest subsoil DOC concentrations are calculated for Histosols.
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3
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Yu S, Mo Q, Li Y, Li Y, Zou B, Xia H, Li Z, Wang F. Changes in seasonal precipitation distribution but not annual amount affect litter decomposition in a secondary tropical forest. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:11344-11352. [PMID: 31641477 PMCID: PMC6802026 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the tropics of South China, climate change induced more rainfall events in the wet season in the last decades. Moreover, there will be more frequently spring drought in the future. However, knowledge on how litter decomposition rate would respond to these seasonal precipitation changes is still limited. In the present study, we conducted a precipitation manipulation experiment in a tropical forest. First, we applied a 60% rainfall exclusion in April and May to defer the onset of wet season and added the same amount of water in October and November to mimic a deferred wet season (DW); second, we increased as much as 25% mean annual precipitation into plots in July and August to simulate a wetter wet season (WW). Five single-species litters, with their carbon to nitrogen ratio ranged from 27 to 49, and a mixed litter were used to explore how the precipitation change treatments would affect litter decomposition rate. The interaction between precipitation changes and litter species was not significant. The DW treatment marginally accelerated litter decomposition across six litter types. Detailed analysis showed that DW increased litter decomposition rate in the periods of January to March and October to December, when soil moisture was increased by the water addition in the dry season. In contrast, WW did not significantly affect litter decomposition rate, which was consistent with the unchanged soil moisture pattern. In conclusion, the study indicated that regardless of litter types or litter quality, the projected deferred wet season would increase litter decomposition rate, whereas the wetter wet season would not affect litter decomposition rate in the tropical forests. This study improves our knowledge of how tropical forest carbon cycling in response to precipitation change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded EcosystemsSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal EcosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesMaomingChina
| | - Qifeng Mo
- College of Forestry and ArchitectureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yingwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded EcosystemsSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal EcosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesMaomingChina
| | - Yongxing Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded EcosystemsSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal EcosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesMaomingChina
| | - Bi Zou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded EcosystemsSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal EcosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesMaomingChina
| | - Hanping Xia
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded EcosystemsSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal EcosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesMaomingChina
| | - Zhi'an Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded EcosystemsSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal EcosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesMaomingChina
| | - Faming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded EcosystemsSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal EcosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesMaomingChina
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Yang Q, Zhang X, Almendinger JE, Huang M, Chen X, Leng G, Zhou Y, Zhao K, Asrar GR, Li X. Climate change will pose challenges to water quality management in the st. Croix River basin. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 251:302-311. [PMID: 31091494 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Responses of streamflow and nutrient export to changing climate conditions should be investigated for effective water quality management and pollution control. Using downscaled climate projections and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), we projected future streamflow, sediment export, and riverine nutrient export in the St. Croix River Basin (SCRB) during 2020-2099. Results show substantial increases in riverine water, sediment, and nutrient load under future climate conditions, particularly under the high greenhouse gas emission scenario. Intensified water cycling and enhanced nutrient export will pose challenges to water quality management and affect multiple Best Management Practices (BMPs) efforts, which are aimed at reducing nutrient loads in SCRB. In addition to the physical impacts of climate change on terrestrial hydrology, our analyses demonstrate significant reductions in ET under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Changes in plant physiology induced by climate change may markedly affect water cycling and associated sediment and nutrient export. Results of this study highlight the importance of examining climate change impacts on water and nutrient delivery for effective watershed management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichun Yang
- Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, College Park, MD, 20740, USA; Earth System Sciences Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA.
| | - James E Almendinger
- St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, 16910 152nd St. N, Marine on St. Croix, MN, 55082, USA
| | - Maoyi Huang
- Earth System Analysis and Modeling Group, Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Xingyuan Chen
- Atmospheric Measurement & Data Sciences Group, Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Guoyong Leng
- Earth System Analysis and Modeling Group, Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Yuyu Zhou
- Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Kaiguang Zhao
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Ghassem R Asrar
- Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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5
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Parihar M, Meena VS, Mishra PK, Rakshit A, Choudhary M, Yadav RP, Rana K, Bisht JK. Arbuscular mycorrhiza: a viable strategy for soil nutrient loss reduction. Arch Microbiol 2019; 201:723-735. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01653-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Tang J, Yurova AY, Schurgers G, Miller PA, Olin S, Smith B, Siewert MB, Olefeldt D, Pilesjö P, Poska A. Drivers of dissolved organic carbon export in a subarctic catchment: Importance of microbial decomposition, sorption-desorption, peatland and lateral flow. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 622-623:260-274. [PMID: 29216467 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tundra soils account for 50% of global stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC), and it is expected that the amplified climate warming in high latitude could cause loss of this SOC through decomposition. Decomposed SOC could become hydrologically accessible, which increase downstream dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export and subsequent carbon release to the atmosphere, constituting a positive feedback to climate warming. However, DOC export is often neglected in ecosystem models. In this paper, we incorporate processes related to DOC production, mineralization, diffusion, sorption-desorption, and leaching into a customized arctic version of the dynamic ecosystem model LPJ-GUESS in order to mechanistically model catchment DOC export, and to link this flux to other ecosystem processes. The extended LPJ-GUESS is compared to observed DOC export at Stordalen catchment in northern Sweden. Vegetation communities include flood-tolerant graminoids (Eriophorum) and Sphagnum moss, birch forest and dwarf shrub communities. The processes, sorption-desorption and microbial decomposition (DOC production and mineralization) are found to contribute most to the variance in DOC export based on a detailed variance-based Sobol sensitivity analysis (SA) at grid cell-level. Catchment-level SA shows that the highest mean DOC exports come from the Eriophorum peatland (fen). A comparison with observations shows that the model captures the seasonality of DOC fluxes. Two catchment simulations, one without water lateral routing and one without peatland processes, were compared with the catchment simulations with all processes. The comparison showed that the current implementation of catchment lateral flow and peatland processes in LPJ-GUESS are essential to capture catchment-level DOC dynamics and indicate the model is at an appropriate level of complexity to represent the main mechanism of DOC dynamics in soils. The extended model provides a new tool to investigate potential interactions among climate change, vegetation dynamics, soil hydrology and DOC dynamics at both stand-alone to catchment scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund Univeristy, Sweden; Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Permafrost, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Alla Y Yurova
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia; NANSEN International Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Guy Schurgers
- Center for Permafrost, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Paul A Miller
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund Univeristy, Sweden.
| | - Stefan Olin
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund Univeristy, Sweden.
| | - Benjamin Smith
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund Univeristy, Sweden.
| | - Matthias B Siewert
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Sweden; Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - David Olefeldt
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
| | - Petter Pilesjö
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund Univeristy, Sweden.
| | - Anneli Poska
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund Univeristy, Sweden; Institute of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia.
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7
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Effects of non-native Asian earthworm invasion on temperate forest and prairie soils in the Midwestern US. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Currie WS, Goldberg DE, Martina J, Wildova R, Farrer E, Elgersma KJ. Emergence of nutrient-cycling feedbacks related to plant size and invasion success in a wetland community–ecosystem model. Ecol Modell 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Serna A, Richards JH, Scinto LJ. Plant decomposition in wetlands: effects of hydrologic variation in a re-created everglades. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2013; 42:562-572. [PMID: 23673849 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2012.0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of water depth and flow on marsh plant litter decomposition and soil chemistry were measured in the Loxahatchee Impoundment Landscape Assessment (LILA) facility (Boynton Beach, FL), where macrocosms mimic Everglades ridge-and-slough landscape features. Experiments were conducted in two macrocosms that differed in flow but had ridge, shallow slough, and deep slough habitats that differed in water depth. Decomposition of three common Everglades species, Crantz, Torr., and Aiton, were measured using litter bags incubated in the macrocosms under both wet and dry conditions. Litter decomposition was similar among flow treatments and habitats but differed by species and between wet and dry conditions. Decomposition rates from fastest to slowest were > > litter had more total P than the other two species, confirming the importance of P availability in controlling decomposition in the Everglades. Planted species had no effect on soil nutrient content during the ~4 yr of plant growth. Average water velocities of ~0.5 cm s attained in the flow treatment had no effect on decomposition or soil chemistry. The plant species used in this study are major contributors to Everglades' organic soils, so their decomposition rates can be used to parameterize models for how restoration manipulations will affect soil-building processes and to predict the temporal sequence of landscape responses to these manipulations. The results suggest that longer periods and flows greater than studied here may be necessary to see restoration effects on soil building processes.
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10
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Zhang C, Jamieson RC, Meng FR, Gordon RJ, Bourque CPA. Simulation of monthly dissolved organic carbon concentrations in small forested watersheds. Ecol Modell 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Schreeg LA, Mack MC, Turner BL. Nutrient-specific solubility patterns of leaf litter across 41 lowland tropical woody species. Ecology 2013; 94:94-105. [DOI: 10.1890/11-1958.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Whittinghill KA, Currie WS, Zak DR, Burton AJ, Pregitzer KS. Anthropogenic N Deposition Increases Soil C Storage by Decreasing the Extent of Litter Decay: Analysis of Field Observations with an Ecosystem Model. Ecosystems 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-012-9521-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Lummer D, Scheu S, Butenschoen O. Connecting litter quality, microbial community and nitrogen transfer mechanisms in decomposing litter mixtures. OIKOS 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.20073.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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15
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Jutras MF, Nasr M, Castonguay M, Pit C, Pomeroy JH, Smith TP, Zhang CF, Ritchie CD, Meng FR, Clair TA, Arp PA. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations and fluxes in forest catchments and streams: DOC-3 model. Ecol Modell 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Currie WS. Units of nature or processes across scales? The ecosystem concept at age 75. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 190:21-34. [PMID: 21294739 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03646.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The ecosystem has served as a central organizational concept in ecology for nearly a half century and continues to evolve. As a level in the biotic hierarchy, ecosystems are often viewed as ecological communities integrated with their abiotic environments. This has always been imperfect because of a mismatch of scales between communities and ecosystem processes as they are made operational for field study. Complexity theory has long been forecasted to provide a renewed foundation for ecosystem theory but has been slow to do so. Partly this has arisen from a difficulty in translating theoretical tenets into operational terms for testing in field studies. Ecosystem science has become an important applied science for studying global change and human environmental impacts. Vigorous and important directions in the study of ecosystems today include a growing focus on human-dominated landscapes and development of the concept of ecosystem services for human resource supply and well-being. Today, terrestrial ecosystems are viewed less as well-defined entities or as a level in the biotic hierarchy. Instead, ecosystem processes are being increasingly viewed as the elements in a hierarchy. These occur alongside landscape processes and socioeconomic processes, which combine to form coupled social-ecological systems across a range of scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Currie
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, 440 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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17
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Zhang C, Jamieson RC, Meng FR, Gordon RJ, Bhatti J, Bourque CPA. Long-term forest-floor litter dynamics in Canada's boreal forest: Comparison of two model formulations. Ecol Modell 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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19
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Wieder WR, Cleveland CC, Townsend AR. Controls over leaf litter decomposition in wet tropical forests. Ecology 2010; 90:3333-41. [PMID: 20120803 DOI: 10.1890/08-2294.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tropical forests play a substantial role in the global carbon (C) cycle and are projected to experience significant changes in climate, highlighting the importance of understanding the factors that control organic matter decomposition in this biome. In the tropics, high temperature and rainfall lead to some of the highest rates of litter decomposition on earth, and given the near-optimal abiotic conditions, litter quality likely exerts disproportionate control over litter decomposition. Yet interactions between litter quality and abiotic variables, most notably precipitation, remain poorly resolved, especially for the wetter end of the tropical forest biome. We assessed the importance of variation in litter chemistry and precipitation in a lowland tropical rain forest in southwest Costa Rica that receives >5000 mm of precipitation per year, using litter from 11 different canopy tree species in conjunction with a throughfall manipulation experiment. In general, despite the exceptionally high rainfall in this forest, simulated throughfall reductions consistently suppressed rates of litter decomposition. Overall, variation between species was greater than that induced by manipulating throughfall and was best explained by initial litter solubility and lignin:P ratios. Collectively, these results support a model of litter decomposition in which mass loss rates are positively correlated with rainfall up to very high rates of mean annual precipitation and highlight the importance of phosphorus availability in controlling microbial processes in many lowland tropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Wieder
- Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
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Manzoni S, Trofymow JA, Jackson RB, Porporato A. Stoichiometric controls on carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus dynamics in decomposing litter. ECOL MONOGR 2010. [DOI: 10.1890/09-0179.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 506] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Cardelús CL. Litter Decomposition Within the Canopy and Forest Floor of Three Tree Species in a Tropical Lowland Rain forest, Costa Rica. Biotropica 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00590.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Uselman SM, Qualls RG, Lilienfein J. Production of Total Potentially Soluble Organic C, N, and P Across an Ecosystem Chronosequence: Root versus Leaf Litter. Ecosystems 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-008-9220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Modeling forest leaf-litter decomposition and N mineralization in litterbags, placed across Canada: A 5-model comparison. Ecol Modell 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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25
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Larocque G, Bhatti J, Gordon A, Luckai N, Wattenbach M, Liu J, Peng C, Arp P, Liu S, Zhang CF, Komarov A, Grabarnik P, Sun J, White T. Chapter Eighteen Uncertainty and Sensitivity Issues in Process-based Models of Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles in Terrestrial Ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING, SOFTWARE AND DECISION SUPPORT 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1574-101x(08)00618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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26
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Peterson EE, Urquhart NS. Predicting water quality impaired stream segments using landscape-scale data and a regional geostatistical model: a case study in Maryland. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2006; 121:615-38. [PMID: 16967209 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-005-9163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2005] [Accepted: 12/19/2005] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, probability-based water quality surveys are typically used to meet the requirements of Section 305(b) of the Clean Water Act. The survey design allows an inference to be generated concerning regional stream condition, but it cannot be used to identify water quality impaired stream segments. Therefore, a rapid and cost-efficient method is needed to locate potentially impaired stream segments throughout large areas. We fit a set of geostatistical models to 312 samples of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) collected in 1996 for the Maryland Biological Stream Survey using coarse-scale watershed characteristics. The models were developed using two distance measures, straight-line distance (SLD) and weighted asymmetric hydrologic distance (WAHD). We used the Corrected Spatial Akaike Information Criterion and the mean square prediction error to compare models. The SLD models predicted more variability in DOC than models based on WAHD for every autocovariance model except the spherical model. The SLD model based on the Mariah autocovariance model showed the best fit (r(2) = 0.72). DOC demonstrated a positive relationship with the watershed attributes percent water, percent wetlands, and mean minimum temperature, but was negatively correlated to percent felsic rock type. We used universal kriging to generate predictions and prediction variances for 3083 stream segments throughout Maryland. The model predicted that 90.2% of stream kilometers had DOC values less than 5 mg/l, 6.7% were between 5 and 8 mg/l, and 3.1% of streams produced values greater than 8 mg/l. The geostatistical model generated more accurate DOC predictions than previous models, but did not fit the data equally well throughout the state. Consequently, it may be necessary to develop more than one geostatistical model to predict stream DOC throughout Maryland. Our methodology is an improvement over previous methods because additional field sampling is not necessary, inferences about regional stream condition can be made, and it can be used to locate potentially impaired stream segments. Further, the model results can be displayed visually, which allows results to be presented to a wide variety of audiences easily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Peterson
- CSIRO Mathematical & Information Sciences, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.
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Cleveland CC, Reed SC, Townsend AR. Nutrient regulation of organic matter decomposition in a tropical rain forest. Ecology 2006; 87:492-503. [PMID: 16637373 DOI: 10.1890/05-0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Terrestrial biosphere-atmosphere CO2 exchange is dominated by tropical forests, so understanding how nutrient availability affects carbon (C) decomposition in these ecosystems is central to predicting the global C cycle's response to environmental change. In tropical rain forests, phosphorus (P) limitation of primary production and decomposition is believed to be widespread, but direct evidence is rare. We assessed the effects of nitrogen (N) and P fertilization on litter-layer organic matter decomposition in two neighboring tropical rain forests in southwest Costa Rica that are similar in most ways, but that differ in soil P availability. The sites contain 100-200 tree species per hectare and between species foliar nutrient content is variable. To control for this heterogeneity, we decomposed leaves collected from a widespread neotropical species, Brosimum utile. Mass loss during decomposition was rapid in both forests, with B. utile leaves losing >80% of their initial mass in <300 days. High organic matter solubility throughout decomposition combined with high rainfall support a model of litter-layer decomposition in these rain forests in which rapid mass loss in the litter layer is dominated by leaching of dissolved organic matter (DOM) rather than direct CO2 mineralization. While P fertilization did not significantly affect mass loss in the litter layer, it did stimulate P immobilization in decomposing material, leading to increased P content and a lower C:P ratio in soluble DOM. In turn, increased P content of leached DOM stimulated significant increases in microbial mineralization of DOM in P-fertilized soil. These results show that, while nutrients may not affect mass loss during decomposition in nutrient-poor, wet ecosystems, they may ultimately regulate CO2 losses (and hence C storage) by limiting microbial mineralization of DOM leached from the litter layer to soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory C Cleveland
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado, Boulder 80303, USA.
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Cleveland CC, Townsend AR. Nutrient additions to a tropical rain forest drive substantial soil carbon dioxide losses to the atmosphere. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:10316-10321. [PMID: 16793925 PMCID: PMC1502455 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0600989103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial biosphere-atmosphere carbon dioxide (CO(2)) exchange is dominated by tropical forests, where photosynthetic carbon (C) uptake is thought to be phosphorus (P)-limited. In P-poor tropical forests, P may also limit organic matter decomposition and soil C losses. We conducted a field-fertilization experiment to show that P fertilization stimulates soil respiration in a lowland tropical rain forest in Costa Rica. In the early wet season, when soluble organic matter inputs to soil are high, P fertilization drove large increases in soil respiration. Although the P-stimulated increase in soil respiration was largely confined to the dry-to-wet season transition, the seasonal increase was sufficient to drive an 18% annual increase in CO(2) efflux from the P-fertilized plots. Nitrogen (N) fertilization caused similar responses, and the net increases in soil respiration in response to the additions of N and P approached annual soil C fluxes in mid-latitude forests. Human activities are altering natural patterns of tropical soil N and P availability by land conversion and enhanced atmospheric deposition. Although our data suggest that the mechanisms driving the observed respiratory responses to increased N and P may be different, the large CO(2) losses stimulated by N and P fertilization suggest that knowledge of such patterns and their effects on soil CO(2) efflux is critical for understanding the role of tropical forests in a rapidly changing global C cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan R Townsend
- *Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, Campus Box 450, and
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
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Tonitto C, Powell TM. Development of a spatial terrestrial nitrogen model for application to Douglas-fir forest ecosystems. Ecol Modell 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Litter decomposition affected by climate and litter quality—Testing the Yasso model with litterbag data from the Canadian intersite decomposition experiment. Ecol Modell 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Czepinska-Kaminska D, Konecka-Betley K, Janowska E. The dynamics of exchangeable cations in the environment of soils at Kampinoski National Park. CHEMOSPHERE 2003; 52:581-584. [PMID: 12738295 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(03)00239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A set of physico-chemical properties of soils: soil pH, hydrolytic acidity, alkaline exchangeable cations, cation exchangeable capacity (CEC), and base saturation were studied in six-year long investigations of ecto-humus (organic layer) and endo-humus (Ah horizon) horizons of forest soils at the Kampinoski National Park in Poland. The soil properties determined in the present study showed differentiated values, depending on the actual horizon, the type and degree of soil development advancement, the genesis of the soil parent material (bedrock) as well as on the development of plant community prevailing in given site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Czepinska-Kaminska
- Department of Soil Environment Sciences, Warsaw Agricultural University, Rakowiecka 26/30, 02-528, Warsaw, Poland.
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Ludwig B, Heil B, Flessa H, Beese F. Use of 13C and 15N mass spectrometry to study the decomposition of Calamagrostis epigeios in soil column experiments with and without ash additions. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2000; 36:49-61. [PMID: 11022325 DOI: 10.1080/10256010008032932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of C and N in terrestrial ecosystems are not completely understood and the use of stable isotopes may be useful to gain further insight in the pathways of CO2 emissions and leaching of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) during decomposition of litter. Objectives were (i) to study the decomposition dynamics of Calamagrostis epigeios, a common grass species in forests, using 13C-depleted and 15N-enriched plants and (ii) to quantify the effect wood ash addition on the decomposition and leaching of DOC and DON. Decomposition was studied for 128 days under aerobic conditions at 8 degrees C and moisture close to field capacity in a spodic dystric Cambisol with mor-moder layer. Variants included control plots and additions of (i) Calamagrostis litter and (ii) Calamagrostis litter plus 4 kg ash m-2. (i) Decomposition of Calamagrostis resulted in a CO2 production of 76.2 g CO2-C m-2 (10% of added C) after 128 days and cumulative DOC production was 14.0 g C m-2 out of which 0.9 g C m-2 was Calamagrostis-derived (0.1% of added C). The specific CO2 formation and specific DOC production from Calamagrostis were 6 times higher (CO2) and 4 times smaller (DOC) than those from the organic layer. The amount of Calamagrostis-derived total N (NH4+, NO3-, DON) leached was 0.7 g N m-2 (4.8% of added N). Cumulative DON production was 0.8 g N m-2 which was slightly higher than for the control. During soil passage, much of the DOC and DON was removed due to sorption or decomposition. DOC and DON releases from the mineral soil (17 cm depth) were 6.3 g C m-2 and 0.5 g N m-2. (ii) Addition of ash resulted in a complete fixing of CO2 for 40 days due to carbonatisation. Afterwards, the CO2 production rates were similar to the variant without ash addition. Production of DOC (98.6 g C m-2) and DON (2.5 g N m-2) was marked, mainly owing to humus decay. However, Calamagrostis-derived DOC and Calamagrostis-derived total N were only 3.9 g C m-2 (0.5% of added C) and 0.5 g N m-2 (3.4% of added N). The specific DOC production rate from the organic layer was 6 times higher than that from Calamagrostis. The results suggest that with increasing humification from fresh plant residues to more decomposed material (OF and OH layers) the production ratio of DOC/CO2-C increases. Addition of alkaline substances to the forest floor can lead to a manifold increase in DOC production.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ludwig
- Institute of Soil Science and Forest Nutrition, Göttingen, Germany.
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