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Brandenburg U, Braun G, Klein P, Reinhart E. The Multicomponent, Multitarget Therapy SUC in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Multicenter, Prospective, Observational, Nonrandomized Cohort Study. Complement Med Res 2020; 27:163-173. [PMID: 32213769 DOI: 10.1159/000506698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared the natural multicomponent, multitarget therapy SUC (Solidago compositum ad us. vet., Ubichinon compositum and Coenzyme compositum, Heel GmbH, Baden-Baden, Germany) to the well-known angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazepril in a prospective, observational, nonrandomized, two-arm cohort study of cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The objective was to assess the tolerability and the effectiveness of SUC in cats with CKD. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred thirty-six cats were screened for CKD, and 70 cats were eligible for the study. Thirty-three cats were assigned to the SUC treatment, and 35 cats received benazepril. All cats were diagnosed with CKD. The follow-up period was 168 days. Response was assessed as an improved or stable serum creatinine from baseline to the end of the study. Additionally, a clinical summary score, as measure of quality of life, was evaluated. RESULTS Serum creatinine remained close to baseline in both study groups with slightly improved values in the SUC group. The clinical summary score improved significantly in the SUC group on days 3, 7, 28, 56 and 112, but not on day 168. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of the study, the results carry implications for the usefulness of SUC as an interesting new treatment option for feline CKD. The results indicate that SUC might be more effective if given at least twice weekly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Klein
- d.s.h. statistical services GmbH, Rohrbach, Germany
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King JN, Martin M, Chetboul V, Ferasin L, French AT, Strehlau G, Seewald W, Smith SGW, Swift ST, Roberts SL, Harvey AM, Little CJL, Caney SMA, Simpson KE, Sparkes AH, Mardell EJ, Bomassi E, Muller C, Sauvage JP, Diquélou A, Schneider MA, Brown LJ, Clarke DD, Rousselot JF. Evaluation of benazepril in cats with heart disease in a prospective, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:2559-2571. [PMID: 31560137 PMCID: PMC6872620 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heart disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in cats, but there is limited evidence of the benefit of any medication. Hypothesis The angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor benazepril would delay the time to treatment failure in cats with heart disease of various etiologies. Animals One hundred fifty‐one client‐owned cats. Methods Cats with heart disease, confirmed by echocardiography, with or without clinical signs of congestive heart failure, were recruited between 2002 and 2005 and randomized to benazepril or placebo in a prospective, multicenter, parallel‐group, blinded clinical trial. Benazepril (0.5‐1.0 mg/kg) or placebo was administered PO once daily for up to 2 years. The primary endpoint was treatment failure. Analyses were conducted separately for all‐cause treatment failure (main analysis) and heart disease‐related treatment failure (supportive analysis). Results No benefit of benazepril versus placebo was detected for time to all‐cause treatment failure (P = .42) or time to treatment failure related to heart disease (P = .21). Hazard ratios (95% confidence interval [CI]) from multivariate analysis for benazepril compared with placebo were 1.00 (0.57‐1.74) for all‐cause failure, and 0.99 (0.50‐1.94) for forward selection and 0.93 (0.48‐1.81) for bidirectional selection models for heart disease‐related failure. There were no significant differences between groups over time after administration of the test articles in left atrium diameter, left ventricle wall thickness, quality of life scores, adverse events, or plasma biochemistry or hematology variables. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance Benazepril was tolerated well in cats with heart disease, but no evidence of benefit was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mike Martin
- Mike Martin Consultancy, Kenilworth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Luca Ferasin
- Lumbry Park Veterinary Specialists, Alton, United Kingdom
| | - Anne T French
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Simon T Swift
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eleanor J Mardell
- Chestergates Veterinary Specialists CVS (UK) Ltd, Chester, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Bomassi
- Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire des Cordeliers Meaux, Meaux, France
| | | | | | - Armelle Diquélou
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Coleman AE, Brown SA, Traas AM, Bryson L, Zimmering T, Zimmerman A. Safety and efficacy of orally administered telmisartan for the treatment of systemic hypertension in cats: Results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:478-488. [PMID: 30851066 PMCID: PMC6430933 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information regarding the efficacy of telmisartan for feline systemic arterial hypertension is limited. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the safety and efficacy of PO administered telmisartan solution in hypertensive cats. ANIMALS Client-owned cats with indirect systolic arterial blood pressure (SBP) of 160-200 mm Hg, based on multiple measurements. METHODS This multicenter trial consisted a 28-day, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, efficacy phase and a 154-day extended-use telmisartan phase. Hypertensive cats were randomly assigned to receive 1.5 mg telmisartan/kg PO q12h for 14 days, followed by 2 mg telmisartan/kg PO q24h, or equivalent volume of placebo. Systolic blood pressure was measured on days 0, 14, and 28. Change in SBP compared to baseline was calculated for days 14 and 28. Telmisartan efficacy was defined as significant decrease in SBP at day 14 compared to placebo and a clinically relevant (>20 mm Hg) decrease in SBP at day 28. RESULTS Two-hundred twenty-one cats were included. On day 14, least squares mean (95% confidence interval) SBP decrease was significantly larger in telmisartan-treated (-23.3 mm Hg [-28.2 to -18.3]) versus placebo-treated (-7.5 mm Hg [-13.6 to -1.5]) cats (P = .0005). On day 28, telmisartan treatment resulted in a clinically relevant SBP decrease (-23.9 mm Hg [-27.8 to -20.0]), whereas placebo did not (-11.6 mm Hg [-17.4 to -5.9 mm Hg]). The decrease in SBP persisted over the 6-month trial in telmisartan-treated cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Telmisartan significantly decreased SBP to a clinically relevant extent and was well tolerated in hypertensive cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E. Coleman
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Georgia College of Veterinary MedicineAthensGeorgia
| | - Scott A. Brown
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Georgia College of Veterinary MedicineAthensGeorgia
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Georgia College of Veterinary MedicineAthensGeorgia
| | - Anne M. Traas
- Pharmaceutical Clinical Research and Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc.St. JosephMissouri
| | - Lawrence Bryson
- Pharmaceutical Clinical Research and Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc.St. JosephMissouri
| | - Tanja Zimmering
- Global PetVet Business Unit, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbHIngelheim am RheinGermany
| | - Alicia Zimmerman
- Pharmaceutical Clinical Research and Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc.St. JosephMissouri
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Acierno MJ, Brown S, Coleman AE, Jepson RE, Papich M, Stepien RL, Syme HM. ACVIM consensus statement: Guidelines for the identification, evaluation, and management of systemic hypertension in dogs and cats. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:1803-1822. [PMID: 30353952 PMCID: PMC6271319 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An update to the 2007 American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) consensus statement on the identification, evaluation, and management of systemic hypertension in dogs and cats was presented at the 2017 ACVIM Forum in National Harbor, MD. The updated consensus statement is presented here. The consensus statement aims to provide guidance on appropriate diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Acierno
- Department of Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, 5715 W. Utopia Rd, Glendale Arizona 85308
| | - Scott Brown
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Amanda E Coleman
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Rosanne E Jepson
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Papich
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Rebecca L Stepien
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Harriet M Syme
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
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Takenaka M, Iio A, Sato R, Sakamoto T, Kurumatani H. A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized Study of Beraprost Sodium Treatment for Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 32:236-248. [PMID: 29131397 PMCID: PMC5787173 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common progressive and irreversible disease in cats. The efficacy and safety of beraprost sodium (BPS) in cats with CKD have not been evaluated. Hypothesis/Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and safety of BPS in the treatment of cats with CKD, as compared to placebo. Animals Seventy‐four client‐owned cats with naturally occurring CKD. Methods Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter, prospective, randomized trial. The cats received BPS (55 μg/cat) or a placebo PO q12 h for 180 days. The primary endpoint was prospectively defined as a change in the serum creatinine (sCr), serum phosphorus‐to‐calcium ratio or urine specific gravity (USG). Results The sCr increased significantly (P = 0.0030) in the placebo group (mean ± SD: 2.8 ± 0.7 to 3.2 ± 1.3 mg/dL) but not in the BPS group (2.4 ± 0.7 to 2.5 ± 0.7 mg/dL). The difference between the groups at day 180 was significant (0.8 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.2 to 1.3 mg/dL, P = 0.0071). The serum phosphorus‐to‐calcium ratio was significantly (P = 0.0037) increased in the placebo group (0.46 ± 0.10 to 0.52 ± 0.21 mg/dL) but not in the BPS group (0.50 ± 0.08 to 0.51 ± 0.11 mg/dL). There was no significant change in the USG in either group. An adverse event judged as being treatment‐related included vomiting that occurred in 1 case in the placebo group. No clinically relevant change was observed in the CBC and other blood chemistry tests. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Beraprost sodium treatment was well tolerated and safe in cats with CKD. BPS inhibited the reduction in renal filtration function as measured by sCr increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Takenaka
- Animal Clinical Research Foundation, Kurayoshi, Tottori, Japan
| | - A Iio
- Toray Industries, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - R Sato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
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King J, Font A, Rousselot J, Ash R, Bonfanti U, Brovida C, Crowe I, Lanore D, Pechereau D, Seewald W, Strehlau G. Effects of Benazepril on Survival of Dogs with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Multicenter, Randomized, Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:1113-1122. [PMID: 28669137 PMCID: PMC5508345 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in dogs. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy in prolonging survival and safety of benazepril administration to dogs with CKD. ANIMALS Forty-nine client-owned dogs with CKD. METHODS Dogs were randomized to benazepril (0.25 to <0.5 mg/kg) or placebo once daily for up to 2 years in a prospective, multicenter, blinded clinical trial. The primary endpoint variable was the renal survival time, defined as the time from inclusion in the study to the treatment failure endpoint of death or euthanasia or need for administration of parenteral fluids related to renal failure. RESULTS No benefit of benazepril versus placebo was detected for renal survival time in all dogs; median (95% confidence interval (CI)) survival times were 305 (53-575) days in the benazepril group and 287 (152-not available) in the placebo group (P = .53). Renal survival times were not significantly longer with benazepril compared to placebo for subgroups: hazard ratios (95% CI) were 0.50 (0.21-1.22) with P = .12 for initial urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPC) >0.5, and 0.38 (0.12-1.19) with P = .080 for initial UPC >0.5 plus plasma creatinine ≤440 μmol/L. Proteinuria, assessed from the UPC, was significantly (P = .0032) lower after treatment with benazepril compared to placebo. There were no significant differences between groups for clinical signs or frequencies of adverse events. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Benazepril significantly reduced proteinuria in dogs with CKD. Insufficient numbers of dogs were recruited to allow conclusions on survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.N. King
- Elanco Animal HealthBaselSwitzerland
| | - A. Font
- Hospitar Ars VeterinariaBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - R.A. Ash
- Grove Lodge Veterinary GroupBrightonUK
| | - U. Bonfanti
- La Vallonèa Veterinary Diagnostic LaboratoryAlessanoItaly
| | - C. Brovida
- ANUBI Ospedale per Animali da CompagniaMoncalieri/TorinoItaly
| | | | - D. Lanore
- Clinique Vétérinaire AllianceBordeauxFrance
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Effect of benazepril, robenacoxib and their combination on glomerular filtration rate in cats. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:124. [PMID: 27338786 PMCID: PMC4917992 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Combined use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may induce acute kidney injury in humans, especially when combined with diuretics. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of benazepril, robenacoxib and their combination in healthy cats. In each of two studies (study 1 followed by study 2), 32 healthy cats were randomised to one of four groups (n = 4 male and 4 female cats per group) in a parallel-group design. The groups received orally once daily for 7 days either placebo (control group), benazepril, robenacoxib or benazepril plus robenacoxib. In study 2, all groups received in addition 0.5 mg/kg furosemide twice daily by subcutaneous injection for 7 days. Results Benazepril, robenacoxib and their combination were well tolerated as evidenced from lack of clinical signs and no negative effects on body weight, feed consumption and clinical chemistry, haematology and urinalysis variables. The primary endpoint of the study was the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which was estimated from the plasma clearance of iohexol. In the absence of furosemide, GFR was significantly higher in cats receiving the combination of benazepril plus robenacoxib compared to the other three groups, and was also significantly higher in females receiving only benazepril compared to the control. Administration of furosemide induced diuresis, reduced GFR and activated the renin-aldosterone-angiotensin system, evidenced from increased plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentrations. Compared to the control group in cats treated with furosemide, GFR was increased by benazepril (females only) but decreased by robenacoxib (males only). Benazepril, robenacoxib and their combination significantly inhibited the increase in plasma aldosterone induced by furosemide. Conclusions The combination of benazepril and robenacoxib was well tolerated and either increased or had a neutral effect on GFR in healthy cats without or with concomitant furosemide. The combination of benazepril and robenacoxib reduced plasma aldosterone concentrations increased by furosemide. It is recommended to test the efficacy and safety of the combined use of benazepril and robenacoxib in cats with clinical disease, notably proteinuric chronic kidney disease.
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Sent U, Gössl R, Elliott J, Syme HM, Zimmering T. Comparison of Efficacy of Long-term Oral Treatment with Telmisartan and Benazepril in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29:1479-87. [PMID: 26474314 PMCID: PMC4895689 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The efficacy and benefits of telmisartan in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have not previously been reported. Hypothesis Long‐term treatment of cats with CKD using telmisartan decreases urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio (UP/C) similar to benazepril. Animals Two‐hundred and twenty‐four client‐owned adult cats with CKD. Methods Prospective, multicenter, controlled, randomized, parallel group, blinded clinical trial with noninferiority design. Cats were allocated in a 1 : 1 ratio to either telmisartan (1 mg/kg; n = 112) or benazepril (0.5–1.0 mg/kg; n = 112) PO q24 h. The primary endpoint was prospectively defined as the change in proteinuria (benazepril:telmisartan) based on a log transformed weighted average of UP/C change from baseline (AUC 0→t/t) as a percentage compared using a confidence interval (CI) approach. Changes of UP/C from baseline were assessed on all study days and corrected for multiple comparisons. Results Telmisartan proved noninferior to benazepril in controlling proteinuria (CI, −0.035 to 0.268). At Day 180, UP/C compared to baseline in the telmisartan group was significantly lower (−0.05 ± 0.31; P = .016), whereas in the benazepril group the change (−0.02 ± 0.48) was not statistically significant (P = .136). Similar results were obtained at all assessment points with significant decrease in UP/C occurring with telmisartan but not benazepril. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Both telmisartan and benazepril were well tolerated and safe. Telmisartan proved to be noninferior to benazepril and significantly decreased proteinuria relative to baseline at all assessment points whereas benazepril did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Sent
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - R Gössl
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - J Elliott
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - H M Syme
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Herts, UK
| | - T Zimmering
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
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Geddes RF, Elliott J, Syme HM. Relationship between Plasma Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 Concentration and Survival Time in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29:1494-501. [PMID: 26403212 PMCID: PMC4895675 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) are commonly increased in cats with azotemic chronic kidney disease (CKD). Both are predictors of survival time in human patients, but these relationships have not previously been examined in the cat. OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between plasma FGF-23 and PTH concentrations at diagnosis of CKD in cats with survival time and with disease progression over 12 months. ANIMALS 214 azotemic, client-owned cats (≥9 years). METHODS Retrospective study: Biochemical and urinary variables at diagnosis of azotemic CKD, including plasma FGF-23 and PTH concentrations were assessed as predictors of survival time (all-cause mortality) using Cox regression, and as predictors of CKD progression over 12 months using logistic regression. RESULTS In the final multivariable Cox regression model, survival was negatively associated with plasma creatinine (P = .002) and FGF-23 concentrations (P = .014), urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (P < .001) and age (P < .001). Survival was positively associated with PCV (P = .004). In the final multivariable logistic regression model, independent predictors of CKD progression included logFGF-23 and age. Neither plasma phosphate nor PTH was found to be an independent predictor of survival time or of CKD progression. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Plasma FGF-23 concentration is a novel prognostic indicator in cats with CKD, independent of other factors including plasma creatinine and phosphate concentrations. Further work is required to assess if FGF-23 contributes directly to CKD progression, but regardless these findings may make FGF-23 a useful biomarker for predicting poorer outcomes in cats with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Geddes
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, UK
| | - J Elliott
- Department of Comparative Biological Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Camden, London, UK
| | - H M Syme
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, UK
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Bartlett PC, Van Buren JW, Bartlett AD, Zhou C. Case-control study of risk factors associated with feline and canine chronic kidney disease. Vet Med Int 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20885927 PMCID: PMC2946592 DOI: 10.4061/2010/957570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An age-matched case-control study was initiated to determine the major risk factors associated with CKD in cats and dogs and to determine what clinical signs cat and dog owners observed before their veterinarian diagnosed their pet with CKD. When compared to controls, the feline cases were more likely to have had polydipsia and polyuria in the year before the owners' cats were diagnosed with CKD. In the dogs, increased water intake, increased urination, small size and a recent history of weight loss and bad breath were noticed by the dog owners before veterinary CKD diagnosis. Dog owners recognized abnormal drinking and urination behavior over half a year before their pet's veterinary diagnosis with CKD, and they recognized weight loss almost 4 months before CKD diagnosis. Bad breath was noticed 1.2 years before recognition of CKD by a veterinarian. Given that earlier CKD diagnosis should have been possible in most cases, clinical trials should proceed to measure the efficacy of early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Bartlett
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 171 Food Safety Building, E. Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Ishikawa Y, Uechi M, Ishikawa R, Wakao Y, Higuchi SI. Effect of Isoflurane Anesthesia on Hemodynamics Following the Administration of an Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor in Cats. J Vet Med Sci 2007; 69:869-71. [PMID: 17827900 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.69.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the hemodynamics of the anesthetic isoflurane in healthy cats given angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI). The 7 healthy young cats and 3 old cats were received placebo or enalapril 0.5 mg/kg orally. The change in systolic arterial pressure from the baseline to 30 min postanesthesia in the ACEI group was significantly higher than in the placebo group (mean +/- SD: -39 +/- 13% vs. -17 +/- 12%, respectively). The present study indicated that general anesthesia may induce hypotension after the administration of an ACEI.
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