1
|
Tissue motion annular displacement to assess the left ventricular systolic function in healthy cats. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:823-836. [PMID: 35258757 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09907-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The tissue motion annular displacement (TMAD) measures the longitudinal displacement of the mitral annulus during systole, using speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE). The main objective was to determine the TMAD means in healthy cats, exploring the correlations with systolic surrogates. The influence of age, body surface area (BSA), heart rate, and systemic blood pressure on the indices was also analyzed. One hundred ninety-three healthy, client-owned cats participated in this prospective, cross-sectional observational study undergoing conventional and STE. Apical four-chamber (AP4) and two-chamber (AP2) images were recorded for offline calculations. Mean TMAD values were similar to mitral annulus plane systolic excursion (MAPSE), varying between 4 to 4.8 mm depending on the annulus and image used. No significant differences between age and BSA categories were detected, except for AP4 MP%, reduced in the heavier group. TMAD variables showed moderate correlation with longitudinal strain (LSt) and MAPSE, but not with fraction shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF). The median time required for the offline calculation was 12.2 s for AP4 and 11.8 s for AP2. The technique showed moderate inter and intraobserver variation, proving a reliable tool for assessing left ventricular longitudinal systolic function in cats.
Collapse
|
2
|
Saito T, Suzuki R, Yuchi Y, Teshima T, Matsumoto H, Koyama H. Early detection of myocardial dysfunction in a cat that gradually progressed to endomyocardial form of restrictive cardiomyopathy. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:274. [PMID: 34391430 PMCID: PMC8364115 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02987-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a common myocardial disease in cats, characterized by diastolic dysfunction and atrial enlargement without myocardial hypertrophy. Especially, endomyocardial form of RCM, one of the subtypes in RCM, is characterized by endocardial fibrosis, endocardial scar bridging the interventricular septum and left ventricular (LV) free wall, and deformation and distortion of the LV. However, it is unclear how the myocardial dysfunction and the endocardial scar contribute to the pathophysiology of RCM disease progression. Case presentation A 3 years and 2 months old, intact male, Domestic shorthaired cat was presented for consultation of cardiac murmur. At the first visit (day 0), the notable abnormal finding was echocardiography-derived chordae tendineae-like structure bridging the interventricular septum and the LV free wall, resulting high-speed blood flow in the left ventricle. Electrocardiography, thoracic radiography and noninvasive blood pressure measurements were normal. No left atrial enlargement was observed, and LV inflow velocity showed an abnormal relaxation pattern. Although there was no abnormality in tissue Doppler imaging-derived myocardial velocity, two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) revealed a decrease in the LV longitudinal strain and an increase in endocardial to epicardial ratio of the LV circumferential strain on day 0. On day 468, obvious left atrium enlargement and smoke like echo in the left atrium were observed. The LV inflow velocity was fused, and the tissue Doppler imaging-derived early-diastolic myocardial velocity of the septal mitral annulus decreased. Regarding 2D-STE, LV circumferential strain was further decreased, and right ventricular strain was additionally decreased. Although the general condition was good, we made a clinical diagnosis of endomyocardial RCM based on the above findings. On day 503, the cat showed the radiographic evidence of pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure signs. Conclusions Cats with abnormal LV structure and associated myocardial dysfunction like this case needs careful observation. Additionally, 2D-STE indices may be useful for early detection of myocardial dysfunction in feline RCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Saito
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, 180-8602, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, Japan.,Sagamihara Animal Medical Center, 10-17-2 Kobuchi, Minami-ku, 252-0344, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryohei Suzuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, 180-8602, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yunosuke Yuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, 180-8602, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Teshima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, 180-8602, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, 180-8602, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Koyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, 180-8602, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Left and Right Myocardial Functionality Assessed by Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography in Cats with Restrictive Cardiomyopathy. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061578. [PMID: 34071192 PMCID: PMC8226601 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The endomyocardial form of restrictive cardiomyopathy, a primary disorder of the myocardium, is one of the diseases with poor prognosis in cats. While two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography has been known to identify myocardial deformations, its function relative to cats with the endomyocardial form of restrictive cardiomyopathy has yet to be characterized. We hypothesized that both the left and right myocardial functional abnormalities may occur in cats with the endomyocardial form of restrictive cardiomyopathy, causing this disease pathophysiology and clinical status. In the current study, cats were assessed for layer-specific myocardial function (whole, endocardial, and epicardial) in the left ventricular longitudinal and circumferential directions, and right ventricular longitudinal direction, via two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. Our study indicated that cats with restrictive cardiomyopathy have reduced left ventricular myocardial function. Notably, left ventricular systolic circumferential endocardial strain and circumferential endocardial-to-epicardial strain ratio were lower in cats with restrictive cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, some right ventricular myocardial deformations were also differerent in cats with restrictive cardiomyopathy. Myocardial function assessed by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography could reveal left and right myocardial dysfunction. Abstract The endomyocardial form of restrictive cardiomyopathy (EMF-RCM), a primary disorder of the myocardium, is one of the diseases with poor prognosis in cats. We hypothesized that both the left and right myocardial functional abnormalities may occur in cats with EMF-RCM, causing this disease pathophysiology and clinical status. Out of the 25 animals included in this study, 10 were client-owned cats with EMF-RCM, and 15 were healthy cats. In this study, cats were assessed for layer-specific myocardial function (whole, endocardial, and epicardial) in the left ventricular longitudinal and circumferential directions, and right ventricular longitudinal direction, via two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D-STE). Cats with EMF-RCM had depressed left ventricular myocardial deformations both in systole (whole longitudinal strain, epicardial longitudinal strain, and endocardial circumferential strain) and diastole (early and late diastolic longitudinal strain rates, and late diastolic circumferential strain rate) compared to controls. Furthermore, some right ventricular myocardial deformations (systolic longitudinal strain in epicardial layers, and endocardial-to-epicardial strain ratio) were significantly differerent in cats with EMF-RCM. Myocardial function assessed by 2D-STE could reveal left and right myocardial dysfunction.
Collapse
|
4
|
Kiatsilapanan A, Surachetpong SD. Assessment of left atrial function in feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by using two- dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:344. [PMID: 32948164 PMCID: PMC7501631 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02557-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left atrial (LA) function plays an important role in diastolic dysfunction in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) is a technique for assessing LA function. This study aimed to evaluate the LA function in HCM cats compared to normal cats, using 2D-STE. RESULTS Seventeen client-owned cats affected with HCM and twenty healthy control cats were studied. Conventional echocardiographic and 2D-STE variables were measured and compared between groups (control and HCM groups). Variability of the peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS) displayed good reproducibility with 4.7% intra-observer and 14% inter-observer repeatability. The mean value of PALS in the HCM group (13.16 ± 8.64) was lower than that in the control group (28.54 ± 10.31) (P < 0.001). PALS was lowest in the LA roof region. The atrial longitudinal strains of septal and lateral regions were significantly lower in the HCM group than in the normal group. The PALS correlated with the percentage of the LA fractional shortening (LA-FS) (r = 0.538, P = 0.001), the percentage of the LA ejection fraction (LA-EF) (r = 0.797, P < 0.001), and the LA fractional area change (FAC) (r = 0.746, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS PALS is a feasible and reproducible method to evaluate the LA function in cats affected with HCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arisara Kiatsilapanan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirilak Disatian Surachetpong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kiatsilapanan A, Surachetpong SD. Assessment of left atrial function in feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by using two- dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography. BMC Vet Res 2020. [PMID: 32948164 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02557-3.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left atrial (LA) function plays an important role in diastolic dysfunction in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) is a technique for assessing LA function. This study aimed to evaluate the LA function in HCM cats compared to normal cats, using 2D-STE. RESULTS Seventeen client-owned cats affected with HCM and twenty healthy control cats were studied. Conventional echocardiographic and 2D-STE variables were measured and compared between groups (control and HCM groups). Variability of the peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS) displayed good reproducibility with 4.7% intra-observer and 14% inter-observer repeatability. The mean value of PALS in the HCM group (13.16 ± 8.64) was lower than that in the control group (28.54 ± 10.31) (P < 0.001). PALS was lowest in the LA roof region. The atrial longitudinal strains of septal and lateral regions were significantly lower in the HCM group than in the normal group. The PALS correlated with the percentage of the LA fractional shortening (LA-FS) (r = 0.538, P = 0.001), the percentage of the LA ejection fraction (LA-EF) (r = 0.797, P < 0.001), and the LA fractional area change (FAC) (r = 0.746, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS PALS is a feasible and reproducible method to evaluate the LA function in cats affected with HCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arisara Kiatsilapanan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirilak Disatian Surachetpong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wallner M, Eaton DM, Berretta RM, Liesinger L, Schittmayer M, Gindlhuber J, Wu J, Jeong MY, Lin YH, Borghetti G, Baker ST, Zhao H, Pfleger J, Blass S, Rainer PP, von Lewinski D, Bugger H, Mohsin S, Graier WF, Zirlik A, McKinsey TA, Birner-Gruenberger R, Wolfson MR, Houser SR. HDAC inhibition improves cardiopulmonary function in a feline model of diastolic dysfunction. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:eaay7205. [PMID: 31915304 PMCID: PMC7065257 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay7205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a major health problem without effective therapies. This study assessed the effects of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition on cardiopulmonary structure, function, and metabolism in a large mammalian model of pressure overload recapitulating features of diastolic dysfunction common to human HFpEF. Male domestic short-hair felines (n = 31, aged 2 months) underwent a sham procedure (n = 10) or loose aortic banding (n = 21), resulting in slow-progressive pressure overload. Two months after banding, animals were treated daily with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (b + SAHA, 10 mg/kg, n = 8), a Food and Drug Administration-approved pan-HDAC inhibitor, or vehicle (b + veh, n = 8) for 2 months. Echocardiography at 4 months after banding revealed that b + SAHA animals had significantly reduced left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (P < 0.0001) and left atrium size (P < 0.0001) versus b + veh animals. Left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure and mean pulmonary arterial pressure were significantly reduced in b + SAHA (P < 0.01) versus b + veh. SAHA increased myofibril relaxation ex vivo, which correlated with in vivo improvements of LV relaxation. Furthermore, SAHA treatment preserved lung structure, compliance, blood oxygenation, and reduced perivascular fluid cuffs around extra-alveolar vessels, suggesting attenuated alveolar capillary stress failure. Acetylation proteomics revealed that SAHA altered lysine acetylation of mitochondrial metabolic enzymes. These results suggest that acetylation defects in hypertrophic stress can be reversed by HDAC inhibitors, with implications for improving cardiac structure and function in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wallner
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, CBmed GmbH, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Deborah M Eaton
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Remus M Berretta
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Laura Liesinger
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
- Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
- Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Matthias Schittmayer
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
- Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
- Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Juergen Gindlhuber
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
- Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
- Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Jichuan Wu
- CENTRe: Consortium for Environmental and Neonatal Therapeutics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Pediatrics, Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mark Y Jeong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ying H Lin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Giulia Borghetti
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Sandy T Baker
- CENTRe: Consortium for Environmental and Neonatal Therapeutics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Pediatrics, Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Jessica Pfleger
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Sandra Blass
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Peter P Rainer
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Dirk von Lewinski
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Heiko Bugger
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Andreas Zirlik
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
| | - Timothy A McKinsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
- Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria
- Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Analytical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Marla R Wolfson
- CENTRe: Consortium for Environmental and Neonatal Therapeutics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Pediatrics, Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Steven R Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sugimoto K, Kawase N, Aoki T, Fujii Y. Effects of dehydration on echocardiographic diastolic parameters in healthy cats. J Vet Sci 2019; 20:e18. [PMID: 31161736 PMCID: PMC6538523 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2019.20.e18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effects of dehydration on echocardiographic indices in healthy cats: specifically, it aimed to assess the effects of volume depletion on diastolic function. Nine experimental cats were subjected to both a dehydration and placebo protocol separated by a 21-day washout period. Echocardiography was performed at baseline and on completion of each protocol. Results were compared between the two protocols. Volume depletion was induced by intravenous administration of furosemide. Volume depletion showed a significant association with increased interventricular septal and left ventricular free wall thickness at end-diastole, decreased left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole, and left atrial diameter at end-systole. The peak early (E) and late (A) diastolic filling velocities, and the peak early diastolic velocities (E′) were significantly decreased by dehydration. Volume depletion did not affect peak longitudinal strain rate during early diastole, E/A, or E/E′. Volume depletion significantly affected the echocardiographic diastolic indices and conventional echocardiographic parameters in healthy cats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Sugimoto
- Laboratory of Surgery 1, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan.
| | - Nana Kawase
- Laboratory of Surgery 1, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Takuma Aoki
- Laboratory of Surgery 1, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Yoko Fujii
- Laboratory of Surgery 1, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Spalla I, Payne JR, Borgeat K, Pope A, Fuentes VL, Connolly DJ. Mitral Annular Plane Systolic Excursion and Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion in Cats with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:691-699. [PMID: 28370313 PMCID: PMC5435071 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction is associated with increased risk of death in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Mitral and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE and TAPSE, respectively) are measures of longitudinal systolic function and are reduced in human patients with HCM. Hypotheses Cats with HCM have lower MAPSE and TAPSE compared to control cats; lower MAPSE and TAPSE are associated with the presence of congestive heart failure (CHF) and reduced survival time. Animals 64 cats with HCM and 27 healthy cats. Forty‐five cats with HCM were not showing clinical signs, and 19 had CHF. Methods Retrospective study. Anatomic M‐mode from the left apical 4‐chamber view was used to record MAPSE from the free wall (MAPSE FW) and septum (MAPSE IVS) and TAPSE. Results Compared to controls, cats with HCM had lower MAPSE IVS (controls 5.2 [4.6–5.6] mm, asymptomatic HCM 4.7 [4.1–5.2] mm, HCM with CHF 2.6 [2.5–3.2] mm, P < .001), MAPSE FW (controls 5.9 [5.3–6.2] mm, asymptomatic HCM 4.7 [4.1–5.1] mm, HCM with CHF 2.8 [2.4–3.2] mm) and TAPSE (controls 8.6 [7.4–10.2] mm, asymptomatic HCM 7.2 [6.3–8.2] mm, HCM with CHF 4.6 [4.1–5.4] mm), with the lowest in the CHF group. Univariate survival analysis showed a shorter survival in cats displaying lower MAPSE IVS, MAPSE FW, and TAPSE. Conclusions and Clinical Importance MAPSE and TAPSE were lower in cats with HCM than in control cats and were lowest in CHF, suggesting that systolic longitudinal dysfunction is present in cats with HCM. MAPSE and TAPSE have potential prognostic significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Spalla
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - J R Payne
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK.,Highcroft Veterinary Referrals, Whitchurch, Bristol, UK
| | - K Borgeat
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK.,Highcroft Veterinary Referrals, Whitchurch, Bristol, UK
| | - A Pope
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - V Luis Fuentes
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - D J Connolly
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sugimoto K, Fujii Y, Sunahara H, Aoki T. Assessment of left ventricular longitudinal function in cats with subclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using tissue Doppler imaging and speckle tracking echocardiography. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:1101-8. [PMID: 25877405 PMCID: PMC4591151 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in cats is characterized by concentric left
ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and both diastolic and systolic dysfunction. Although
impaired cardiac function detected by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in cats with HCM was
previously reported, reference ranges of TDI in normal cats and cats with HCM have been
reported as widely variable. Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) was
useful for assessment of cardiac function in human patients with HCM, but clinical utility
was not known in cats. The aim of this study was to assess global and segmental LV
myocardial function using STE in cats with HCM whose TDI variables were within the
reference range. A total of 35 cats of different breeds were enrolled in this study. The
HCM group (n=22) was cats diagnosed as HCM without left atrial enlargement and with normal
TDI measurements. HCM cats were further divided into a segmental hypertrophy (S-HCM) group
and a diffuse hypertrophy (D-HCM) group. The control group consisted of 13 clinically
healthy cats. No cats in any group showed any clinical symptoms. Conventional
echocardiography, TDI, and global and segmental STE indices were evaluated and compared
between groups. Only the longitudinal strain rate during early diastole was significantly
decreased in both HCM groups, even in all segments including those without hypertrophy in
S-HCM group. This study suggests that STE parameters are the more sensitive variables
compared with conventional TDI parameters to detect early myocardial diastolic dysfunction
in cats with HCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Sugimoto
- Laboratory of Surgery 1, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Takano H, Isogai T, Aoki T, Wakao Y, Fujii Y. Feasibility of radial and circumferential strain analysis using 2D speckle tracking echocardiography in cats. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 77:193-201. [PMID: 25373881 PMCID: PMC4363022 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to investigate the feasibility of strain analysis using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in cats and to evaluate STE variables in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Sixteen clinically healthy cats and 17 cats with HCM were used. Radial and circumferential strain and strain rate variables in healthy cats were measured using STE to assess the feasibility. Comparisons of global strain and strain variables between healthy cats and cats with HCM were performed. Segmental assessments of left ventricle (LV) wall for strain and strain rate variables in cats with HCM were also performed. As a result, technically adequate images were obtained in 97.6% of the segments for STE analysis. Sedation using buprenorphine and acepromazine did not affect any global strain nor strain rate variable. In LV segments of cats with HCM, reduced segmental radial strain and strain rate variables had significantly related with segmental LV hypertrophy.
It is concluded that STE analysis using short axis images of LV appeared to be clinically feasible in cats, having the possibility to be useful for detecting myocardial dysfunctions in cats with diseased heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Takano
- Department of Surgery 1, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Choi J, Kim H, Yoon J. Pulsed tissue Doppler imaging of the left ventricular septal mitral annulus in healthy dogs. J Vet Sci 2013; 14:85-90. [PMID: 23388437 PMCID: PMC3615237 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2013.14.1.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated pulsed TDI variables including the isovolumic time interval and duration of the major wave in a population of large healthy dogs. Longitudinal myocardial motion at the septal mitral annulus was evaluated with pulsed TDI in 45 healthy adult dogs. Maximal myocardial velocities, isovolumic time intervals, and duration of the myocardial waves were measured. The correlation between time intervals and velocity variables was also investigated. The mean maximal systolic velocity was 6.92 ± 1.78 cm/sec, the mean early diastolic velocity (Em) was 6.58 ± 1.81 cm/sec, the mean late diastolic velocity (Am) was 5.10 ± 2.00 cm/sec, the mean isovolumic contraction time (IVCT) was 53.61 ± 95.13 msec, and the mean isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) was 26.74 ± 57.24 msec. The early diastolic mitral inflow velocity (E)/Em ratio was 10.94 ± 3.27 while the Em/Am ratio was 1.40 ± 0.40. There was a negative correlation between Am duration and Am amplitude, and a positive correlation between the IVRT and Em/Am ratio (p < 0.05). The normal LV parameter using pulsed TDI method could be used as the reference range for identifying myocardial dysfunction in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Simpson KE, Devine BC, Gunn-Moore DA, French AT, Dukes-McEwan J, Koffas H, Moran CM, Corcoran BM. ASSESSMENT OF THE REPEATABILITY OF FELINE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY USING CONVENTIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY AND SPECTRAL PULSE-WAVE DOPPLER TISSUE IMAGING TECHNIQUES. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2007; 48:58-68. [PMID: 17236362 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2007.00205.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the intraoperator, intraobserver, and interobserver repeatability in a series of conventional echocardiographic parameters and in some of the newer measurements of diastolic function, including color M-mode flow propagation velocity, isovolumic relaxation time and pulsed-wave Doppler tissue imaging velocities. Four healthy cats were each scanned five times over a 3-day period. The repeatability of these echocardiographic analyses was compared using Bland-Altman analysis (intraoperator repeatability). After a minimum of 5 weeks, one scan was randomly selected from each cat, and was remeasured by the original observer and the results compared using a standard paired Student's t-test (intraobserver repeatability). One scan from each cat was then randomly selected and two observers, with similar levels of experience, measured each of these scans. The repeatability of these echocardiographic analyses was compared using Bland-Altman analysis (interobserver repeatability). The conventional two-dimensional (2D), M-mode and spectral Doppler measurements were repeatable in both their acquisition and measurement by a single investigator; there was a greater degree of variation between the two observers. The predominant (S', E', and A') pulsed-wave Doppler tissue imaging velocities from the left apical four-chambered view, generally had a coefficient of variation of approximately 20% (range 9.62-34.08%). However, with pulsed-wave Doppler tissue imaging, velocities recorded during the isovolumic phases, the velocity of the tricuspid annulus, and the radial fiber velocity within the interventricular septum, frequently had coefficients of variation in excess of 20% and should therefore be interpreted with caution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry E Simpson
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|