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Impact of the Visual Performance Reinforcement Technique on Oral Hygiene Knowledge and Practices, Gingival Health, and Plaque Control in Hearing- and Speech-Impaired Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9121905. [PMID: 36553348 PMCID: PMC9777405 DOI: 10.3390/children9121905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of oral health education (OHE), incorporating a novel pre-validated visual performance reinforcement (VPR) technique and sign language, on gingival health, plaque control, and oral hygiene knowledge and practices in 12 to 15-year-old hearing- and speech-impaired adolescents. A double-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted in a government school for deaf children in Belagavi, Karnataka, India. A total of 80 adolescents, aged 12-15 years, were randomly assigned, using a computer-generated table of random numbers, into two groups: Group A receiving the VPR technique (n = 40), and Group B receiving sign language (n = 40). A specially designed pre-validated closed-ended questionnaire was administered to both groups, followed by clinical examination to obtain the gingival and plaque index, before intervention and at a 16-week follow-up period. Group A showed a significant increase in the knowledge gained when compared to Group B. Similarly, a significant improvement in oral hygiene practices was also observed in Group A. However, at the 16-week follow-up, there were no statistically significant differences in gingival and plaque scores between the groups. OHE using the VPR technique can be as effective and satisfactory as sign language in the reduction of gingival and plaque scores and in the improvement of knowledge and its application in oral hygiene maintenance among hearing- and speech-impaired adolescents.
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Colet R, Cotrin P, Oliveira RC, Valarelli FP, Gobbi de Oliveira RC, Salmeron S, Freitas KMS. Gingival recession in mandibular anterior teeth in patients with Class II malocclusion treated with elastics and Twin Force appliance. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022; 162:529-537. [PMID: 35842358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to compare the early results of gingival recession in patients with Class II malocclusion treated with Class II intermaxillary elastics and the Twin Force appliance. METHODS The sample comprised 55 patients with Class II malocclusion treated without extraction and divided into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of 23 patients treated with fixed appliances and Class II elastics, with mean initial age of 15.41 ± 5.65 years and a mean treatment time of 3.11 ± 0.91 years. Group 2 consisted of 32 patients treated with fixed appliances and the Twin Force mandibular protraction appliance, with a mean initial age of 18.45 ± 6.63 years and a mean treatment time of 3.17 ± 1.59 years. Dolphin software measured gingival recession in initial and final intraoral photographs. Initial and final lateral cephalograms were used to measure the position of the mandibular incisors. Intragroup and intergroup comparisons were performed by dependent and independent t tests, respectively. RESULTS In both groups, there was no significant increase in gingival recession with orthodontic treatment, and there was significant protrusion and buccal inclination of the mandibular incisors. When changes with treatment were compared between the groups, there was no statistically significant difference in gingival recession and mandibular incisor position. CONCLUSIONS There was no significant increase in gingival recession immediately after orthodontic treatment performed with intermaxillary elastics and the Twin Force appliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela Colet
- Department of Orthodontics, Ingá University Center Uningá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Paula Cotrin
- Department of Orthodontics, Ingá University Center Uningá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Samira Salmeron
- Department of Periodontics, Ingá University Center Uningá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Deleuse M, Meiffren C, Bruwier A, Maes N, Le Gall M, Charavet C. Smartphone application-assisted oral hygiene of orthodontic patients: a multicentre randomized controlled trial in adolescents. Eur J Orthod 2020; 42:605-611. [PMID: 32006440 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjz105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this trial was to test whether the use of a smartphone application (app) connected to a toothbrush improves the oral hygiene compliance of adolescent orthodontic patients. DESIGN The study was designed as a multicentre, randomized, controlled clinical trial. SETTING Two academic hospitals. ETHICAL APPROVAL The study was approved by the ethics committee. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This multicentre randomized controlled trial was conducted on 38 adolescents aged 12-18 years with full-fixed orthodontic appliances. Participants were randomly assigned either to a test group that used an interactive oscillating/rotating electric toothbrush connected to a brushing aid app or to a control group that used an oscillating/rotating electric toothbrush alone. At baseline, all patients received verbal and written oral hygiene instructions. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Data collection was performed at T1 (baseline), T2 (6 weeks), T3 (12 weeks) and T4 (18 weeks-end of the study). At each time point, the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and white spot lesion (WSL) score were recorded. Several app-related parameters were evaluated. Patient-related outcome measures were investigated in the test group. RESULTS Test and control groups were similar at baseline except for WSL score. Between T1 and T4, PI and GI decreased significantly in both groups but evolutions were globally similar in both groups. Interestingly, at T3 (12 weeks), the PI was significantly lower in the app group than in the control group (P = 0.014). Data showed a marked decline in the use of the app over time in the test group. CONCLUSIONS This trial, conducted over 18 weeks in two academic hospitals, showed no significant effect of the use of the app in promoting oral hygiene. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Deleuse
- Department of Orthodontics and Dento-Facial Orthopedics, University Hospital of Liège, Belgium
| | - Catherine Meiffren
- Department of Orthodontics and Dento-Facial Orthopedics, Faculty of Odontology of Aix Marseille, France
| | - Annick Bruwier
- Department of Orthodontics and Dento-Facial Orthopedics, University Hospital of Liège, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Maes
- Biostatistics and Medico-Economic Information Department, University Hospital of Liège, Belgium
| | - Michel Le Gall
- Department of Orthodontics and Dento-Facial Orthopedics, Faculty of Odontology of Aix Marseille, France
| | - Carole Charavet
- Department of Orthodontics and Dento-Facial Orthopedics, University Hospital of Liège, Belgium
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Vpk V, Mohanty VR, Balappanavar AY, Juneja M, Gupta V, Kapoor S. Effectiveness of different parenting interventions on oral hygiene of cerebral palsy children: A randomized controlled trial. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2020; 40:335-343. [PMID: 32488889 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the effectiveness of different parenting interventions for improving oral hygiene of cerebral palsy (CP) children aged 4-12 years. METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS A randomized controlled trial was done among 60 CP children and parents visiting a tertiary care center in New Delhi. The study population was randomly assigned to experimental or control group (30 in each group). Parents/caregivers in the experimental group (Group 1) received video-based dental health education (DHE) and the control group (Group 2) received conventional DHE. Each group also received two telephonic reinforcements at fourth and eighth week after the first intervention at baseline. The groups were assessed for sociodemographic, familial factors, medical history, oral hygiene practices, and oral hygiene status. At 3-month follow-up, the mean reduction in simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S), plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI) scores was 0.27, 0.17, and 0.09, respectively, in Group 1 (P-value < .05). The mean reductions seen in Group 2 were 0.03 in OHI-S, 0.14 in PI, and 0.04 in GI index (P-value < .05, except for GI score: P-value = .6). CONCLUSION Video-based DHE is effective and brings about significant improvement in oral hygiene status and oral health among CP children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedha Vpk
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikrant R Mohanty
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aswini Y Balappanavar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Monica Juneja
- Department of Pediatrics, Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Vaibhav Gupta
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Kapoor
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
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The influence of demonstration method education in the knowledge of tooth brushing in children age 10–12 years. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.07.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hadi E, Maftuchan M. Kiddie doctors education strategy in improving the knowledge, attitude, and oral hygiene status of elementary school children. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2020; 10:549-554. [PMID: 33282762 PMCID: PMC7685274 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_116_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the improvement in the knowledge, attitude, and oral hygiene scores of elementary school children after being provided education by kiddie doctors. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experiment design with pretest–posttest control group model was conducted on 143 students belonging ages 8–12 years old in two selected elementary schools. Kiddie doctors educated their peers three times at four-week intervals. Baseline data were collected a week before the education, and the final data were collected a month after the third education session. Data regarding knowledge and attitude were collected using questionnaires filled in by the respondents. The oral hygiene index simplified (OHIS) and patient hygiene performance (PHP) index data were obtained through intra-oral examinations. Data were analyzed using dependent and independent t tests and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: After receiving education, there was a change in the knowledge, attitude, OHIS, and PHP scores (P = 0.005). Kiddie doctors were estimated to decrease the OHIS and PHP scores by 0.312 and 0.579 points, respectively. Conclusions: The education provided by kiddie doctors improved the knowledge, attitude, and oral hygiene status of children. Kiddie doctors could help health workers who are still constrained in routine promotional activities.
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Yavan MA, Kocahan S, Özdemir S, Sökücü O. The Effects of Using Plaque-Disclosing Tablets on the Removal of Plaque and Gingival Status of Orthodontic Patients. Turk J Orthod 2019; 32:207-214. [PMID: 32110465 DOI: 10.5152/turkjorthod.2019.18084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of using plaque-disclosing tablets (PDTs) on the plaque and gingival index scores of patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. Methods In group A (n=16), the subjects were motivated by conventional oral hygiene instructions, including verbal information about tooth brushing. The patients in group B (n=17) were motivated using PDTs used in the dentists' office to show the locations of biofilms in addition to the instructions given to group A. Both the chairside demonstration performed in group B and the at-home use of disclosing tablets were undertaken by those in group C (n=15). The periodontal parameters were recorded before applying the fixed appliance (T0) and after the first (T1) and third (T2) months. Results The plaque index (PI) scores of group C were significantly lower (p<0.05), when compared to groups A and B, after the first (T1) and third months (T2); however, no significant differences (p>0.05) were found between groups A and B. The gingival status of group C did not change significantly (p>0.05) over the three months and was statistically lower when compared to groups A and B. Conclusion The use of PDTs at home may enhance the plaque removal efficiency and gingival health stability, by facilitating self-examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ali Yavan
- Department of Orthodontics, Adıyaman University School of Dentistry, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Sayad Kocahan
- Department of Physiology, Adıyaman University School of Medicine, Adıyaman, Turkey.,International Scientific Center, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Serhat Özdemir
- Department of Orthodontics, Gaziantep University School of Dentistry, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Hashmi S, Mohanty VR, Balappanavar AY, Yadav V, Kapoor S, Rijhwani K. Effectiveness of dental health education on oral hygiene among hearing impaired adolescents in India: A randomized control trial. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2019; 39:274-280. [DOI: 10.1111/scd.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumbul Hashmi
- Department of Public Health DentistryMaulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences Delhi India
| | - Vikrant R Mohanty
- Department of Public Health DentistryMaulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences Delhi India
| | - Aswini Y Balappanavar
- Department of Public Health DentistryMaulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences Delhi India
| | - Vipul Yadav
- Department of Public Health DentistryPost Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences Rohtak India
| | - Shivam Kapoor
- Department of Public Health DentistryMaulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences Delhi India
| | - Kavita Rijhwani
- Department of Public Health DentistryMaulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences Delhi India
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Haque SE, Rahman M, Itsuko K, Mutahara M, Kayako S, Tsutsumi A, Islam MJ, Mostofa MG. Effect of a school-based oral health education in preventing untreated dental caries and increasing knowledge, attitude, and practices among adolescents in Bangladesh. BMC Oral Health 2016; 16:44. [PMID: 27016080 PMCID: PMC4807560 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a dearth of published literature that demonstrates the impact and effectiveness of school-based oral health education (OHE) program in Bangladesh and it is one of the most neglected activities in the field of public health. Keeping this in mind, the objectives of this study were to assess the effectiveness of OHE program in: 1) increasing oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices and 2) decreasing the prevalence of untreated dental caries among 6–8 grade school students in Bangladesh. Methods This intervention study was conducted in Araihazar Thana, Narayanganj district, Bangladesh during April 2012 to March 2013. The total participants were 944 students from three local schools. At baseline, students were assessed for oral health knowledge, attitude and practices using a self-administered structured questionnaire and untreated dental caries was assessed using clinical examination. Follow up study was done after 6 months from baseline. McNemar’s chi-square analysis was used to evaluate the impact of OHE program on four recurrent themes of oral health between the baseline and follow-up. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the impact of the intervention group on our outcome variables. Results Significant improvement was observed regarding school aged adolescents’ self-reported higher knowledge, attitude and practices scores (p < 0.001) at follow-up compared with baseline. The prevalence of untreated dental caries of the study population after the OHE program was significantly (p < 0.01) reduced to 42.5 %. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the OHE intervention remained a significant predictor in reducing the risk of untreated dental caries (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =0.51; 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 0.37, 0.81). In the follow-up period participants were 2.21 times (95 % CI = 1.87, 3.45) more likely to have higher level of knowledge regarding oral health compared to baseline. Compared with baseline participants in the follow-up were 1.89 times (95 % CI = 1.44–2.87) more likely to have higher attitude towards oral health. In addition, OHE intervention was found to be significantly associated with higher level of practices toward oral health (AOR = 1.64; 95 % CI = 1.12, 3.38). Conclusions This study indicated that OHE intervention was effective in increasing i) knowledge, ii) attitude, and iii) practices towards oral health; it also significantly reduced the prevalence of untreated dental caries among school aged adolescents from grade 6–8 in a deprived rural area of Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Emdadul Haque
- UChicago Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,United Nations University-International Institute for Global Health (UNU-IIGH), UKM Medical Centre, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mosiur Rahman
- Global Health Promotion, Division of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Medical and Dental University Yushima, 1-5-45 Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan. .,Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Kawashima Itsuko
- Honjo International Scholarship Foundation, 1-14-9 Tomigaya, Tokyo, 151-0063, Japan
| | - Mahmuda Mutahara
- Social Science Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sakisaka Kayako
- Faculty of Policy Studies, Chuo University, 742-1 Higashi-Nakano, Hachioji-shi Tokyo, 192-0393, Japan
| | - Atsuro Tsutsumi
- United Nations University-International Institute for Global Health (UNU-IIGH), UKM Medical Centre, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Md Jahirul Islam
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice Mt Gravatt Campus, Griffith University, 176 Messines Ridge Road, Mount Gravatt, QLD, 4122 Queensland, Australia
| | - Md Golam Mostofa
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
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Sex Hormones Enhance Gingival Inflammation without Affecting IL-1β and TNF-α in Periodontally Healthy Women during Pregnancy. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:4897890. [PMID: 27034591 PMCID: PMC4791509 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4897890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormones (progesterone and estradiol) change greatly during pregnancy; however, the mechanism of hormonal changes on gingival inflammation is still unclear. This study is to evaluate the effects of hormonal changes during pregnancy on gingival inflammation and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). 30 periodontally healthy pregnant women were evaluated in the first, second, and third trimesters. 20 periodontally healthy nonpregnant women were evaluated twice (once per subsequent month). Clinical parameters including probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding index (BI), gingival index (GI), clinical attachment level (CAL), and plaque index (PLI) were recorded. GCF levels of IL-1β and TNF-α and serum levels of progesterone and estradiol were measured. From the data, despite low PLI, BI and GI increased significantly during pregnancy; however, no significant changes in PLI, CAL, IL-1β, or TNF-α GCF levels were observed. Although IL-1β, not TNF-α, was higher in pregnant group than in nonpregnant group, they showed no correlation with serum hormone levels during pregnancy. GI and BI showed significant positive correlation with serum hormone levels during pregnancy. This study suggests that sex hormone increase during pregnancy might have an effect on inflammatory status of gingiva, independent of IL-1β and TNF-α in GCF.
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Haleem A, Khan MK, Sufia S, Chaudhry S, Siddiqui MI, Khan AA. The role of repetition and reinforcement in school-based oral health education-a cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:2. [PMID: 26728002 PMCID: PMC4700643 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2676-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Repetition and reinforcement have been shown to play a crucial role in the sustainability of the effect of Oral Health Education (OHE) programs. However, its relevance to school-based OHE imparted by different personnel is not depicted by the existing dental literature. The present study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of the repeated and reinforced OHE (RR-OHE) compared to one-time OHE intervention and to assess its role in school-based OHE imparted by dentist, teachers and peers. Methods The study was a cluster randomized controlled trial that involved 935 adolescents aged 10-11 years. Twenty four boys’ and girls’ schools selected at random in two towns of Karachi, Pakistan were randomly assigned to three groups to receive OHE by dentist (DL), teachers (TL) and peer-leaders (PL). The groups received a single OHE session and were evaluated post-intervention and 6 months after. The three groups were then exposed to OHE for 6 months followed by 1 year of no OHE activity. Two further evaluations at 6-month and 12-month intervals were conducted. The data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire preceded by a structured interview and followed by oral examination of participants. Results The adolescents’ oral health knowledge (OHK) in the DL and PL groups increased significantly by a single OHE session compared to their baseline knowledge (p < 0.05) and the increase was sustained over 6 months. Although one-time OHE resulted in a significant improvement in adolescents’ oral health behavior (OHB) related to the prevention of gingivitis in the two groups (p < 0.05), no significant change was observed in their behavior towards prevention of oral cancer. One-time teacher-led OHE was ineffective in improving adolescents’ OHK and OHB. The oral hygiene status (OHS) of the participants in all three groups did not change statistically after one-time OHE. The OHK, OHB and OHS indices increased significantly 6 months after RR-OHE than the initial scores (p < 0.001) irrespective of OHE strategy. Although the OHK scores of the DL and PL groups decreased significantly at 12-month evaluation of RR-OHE (p < 0.05), the said score of the TL group; and OHB and OHS scores of all three groups remained statistically unchanged during this period. Conclusions The repetition and reinforcement play a key role in school-based OHE irrespective of educators. The trained teachers and peers can play a complementary role in RR-OHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Haleem
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Federal Postgraduate Medical Institute, Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Khalil Khan
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Federal Postgraduate Medical Institute, Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan.
| | - Shamta Sufia
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, de' Montmorency College of Dentistry, Fort Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Saima Chaudhry
- Department of Oral Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Irfanullah Siddiqui
- Department of Community Medicine and Pilgrims, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Al-Mukarrama-7607, Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ayyaz Ali Khan
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Federal Postgraduate Medical Institute, Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan.
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Pareek S, Nagaraj A, Yousuf A, Ganta S, Atri M, Singh K. Effectiveness of supervised oral health maintenance in hearing impaired and mute children- A parallel randomized controlled trial. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2015; 5:176-82. [PMID: 26236676 PMCID: PMC4515799 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.159953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Individuals with special needs may have great limitations in oral hygiene performance due to their potential motor, sensory, and intellectual disabilities. Thus, oral health care utilization is low among the disabled people. Hearing disorders affect the general behavior and impair the level of social functioning. OBJECTIVES The present study was conducted to assess the dental health outcomes following supervised tooth brushing among institutionalized hearing impaired and mute children in Jaipur, Rajasthan. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study followed a single-blind, parallel, and randomized controlled design. A total of 315 students were divided into three groups of 105 children each. Group A included resident students, who underwent supervised tooth brushing under the supervision of their parents. The non-resident students were further divided into two groups: Group B and Group C. Group B children were under the supervision of a caregiver and Group C children were under the supervision of both investigator and caregiver. RESULTS There was an average reduction in plaque score during the subsequent second follow-up conducted 3 weeks after the start of the study and in the final follow-up conducted at 6 weeks. There was also a marked reduction in the gingival index scores in all the three groups. CONCLUSION The program of teacher and parent supervised toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste can be safely targeted to socially deprived communities and can enable a significant reduction in plaque and gingival scores. Thus, an important principle of oral health education is the active involvement of parents and caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Pareek
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anup Nagaraj
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Jaipur Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Asif Yousuf
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College, Shireen Bagh, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shravani Ganta
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Jaipur Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mansi Atri
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, ESIC Dental College and Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Kushpal Singh
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, The Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, India
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Peng Y, Wu R, Qu W, Wu W, Chen J, Fang J, Chen Y, Farella M, Mei L. Effect of visual method vs plaque disclosure in enhancing oral hygiene in adolescents and young adults: A single-blind randomized controlled trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2014; 145:280-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Geisinger ML, Geurs NC, Bain JL, Kaur M, Vassilopoulos PJ, Cliver SP, Hauth JC, Reddy MS. Oral health education and therapy reduces gingivitis during pregnancy. J Clin Periodontol 2013; 41:141-8. [PMID: 24164645 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women demonstrate increases in gingivitis despite similar plaque levels to non-pregnant counterparts. AIM To evaluate an intensive protocol aimed at reducing gingivitis in pregnant women and provide pilot data for large-scale randomized controlled trials investigating oral hygiene measures to reduce pregnancy gingivitis and alter maternity outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and twenty participants between 16 and 24 weeks gestation with Gingival Index (GI) scores ≥2 at ≥50% of tooth sites were enrolled. Plaque index (PI), gingival inflammation (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment levels (CAL) were recorded at baseline and 8 weeks. Dental prophylaxis was performed at baseline and oral hygiene instructions at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks. Pregnancy outcomes were recorded at parturition. Mixed-model analysis of variance was used to compare clinical measurements at baseline and 8 weeks. RESULTS Statistically significant reductions in PI, GI, PD, and CAL occurred over the study period. Mean whole mouth PI and GI scores decreased approximately 50% and the percentage of sites with PI and GI ≥2 decreased from 40% to 17% and 53% to 21.8%, respectively. Mean decreases in whole mouth PD and CAL of 0.45 and 0.24 mm, respectively, were seen. CONCLUSIONS Intensive oral hygiene regimen decreased gingivitis in pregnant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Geisinger
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Haleem A, Siddiqui MI, Khan AA. Oral hygiene assessment by school teachers and peer leaders using simplified method. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2013; 6:174-84. [PMID: 23580896 DOI: 10.12816/0005992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant proportion of children in developing countries are having plaque-induced gingivitis. A public health strategy may involve teachers and peer leaders to motivate and train school children for regular and thorough removal of dental plaque. The monitoring and evaluation of such a strategy may require teachers and peer leaders to assess oral hygiene status of children at periodic intervals. OBJECTIVE To validate the simplified dental examination performed by teachers and peer leaders to detect dental plaque and calculus. METHODOLOGY This longitudinal study involved 632 adolescents studying in sixteen schools of Karachi, Pakistan. Eight schools each were randomly allocated to the peer-led and teacher-led strategies of examination. One section of class six was selected at random in each school to be included in the study. In each selected section of class six the trained teacher-in-charge or a peer-leader undertook dental examinations at baseline, 6-month and 18-month intervals and their findings were compared with those of a dentist. The outcome measures included the Kappa values for examiner agreement as well as the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. RESULTS All teachers and peer leaders showed a substantial degree of agreement (Kappa ≥ 0.8) with the dentist in detecting plaque and calculus at all three examinations. The values of validity measures for teachers' and peer leaders' examination were in the range of 87-90%. CONCLUSIONS The examinations performed by teachers and peer leaders were reasonably valid to detect plaque and calculus. However, booster training sessions are needed to maintain their performance as dental examiners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Haleem
- Department of Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraidah-51452, Qassim, Saudi Arabia, P O Box: 6700, E.mail:
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Abstract
This review highlights current issues in the provision of restorative dentistry both in primary and secondary care settings. Current challenges in the provision of restorative procedures are reviewed and methods in improving care and efficiency are proposed. Possible changes to the infrastructure and delivery of care are suggested in order to improve effectiveness and the patient pathway.
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Sharma R, Hebbal M, Ankola AV, Murugabupathy V. Mobile-phone text messaging (SMS) for providing oral health education to mothers of preschool children in Belgaum City. J Telemed Telecare 2011; 17:432-6. [PMID: 22025742 DOI: 10.1258/jtt.2011.110416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We compared the effectiveness of two media (text messages and pamphlets) in imparting health education to mothers of preschool children. Mothers and their children were randomized into two groups. There were 72 mothers and their children in the pamphlet group and 71 in the text message group. The mothers were given health education by one of the two modes for four weeks. Knowledge, attitude and practices of the mothers were assessed by a questionnaire pre- and post-intervention. Visible plaque scores of their children were also recorded pre- and post-intervention. There were significant improvements in knowledge (P < 0.001), attitude (P < 0.001) and practices (P < 0.001) in both groups. There was also a significant reduction in visible plaque scores (P < 0.001) in both groups. Text messaging was more effective than pamphlets in improving knowledge, attitude and practices of mothers, but the comparative reduction in plaque score between groups was not significant. Text messaging appears to be an effective means of imparting oral health education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratika Sharma
- KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE University, Belgaum, India.
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Guarnelli ME, Franceschetti G, Manfrini R, Trombelli L. Adjunctive effect of chlorhexidine in ultrasonic instrumentation of aggressive periodontitis patients: a pilot study. J Clin Periodontol 2008; 35:333-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01199.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Julien MG. The effect of behaviour modification techniques on oral hygiene and gingival health of 10-year-old Canadian children. Int J Paediatr Dent 1994; 4:3-11. [PMID: 7748845 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.1994.tb00094.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Good oral hygiene habits in children are most desirable but are difficult to establish through conventional health education programmes. This study was designed to test the efficacy of a programme based on the use of several behaviour modification strategies. A sample of sixteen classes of 10-year-old children was randomly selected and assigned to either an experimental or control group. To monitor the oral health comparability of the groups, data were collected on caries experience, sugar intake and oral hygiene behaviour several times during the study period. The programme included the following elements: (1) dental examinations, (2) periodic visits by dental hygienists to the schools to teach brushing and flossing techniques and to monitor the quality of the children's performance, and (3) 'contracts' agreed by each child with the director of the programme and with one parent, to encourage commitment and to reinforce the desired behaviour. Loë and Silness plaque and gingival indices were used to measure the efficacy of the programme. For both indices, the difference between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups were statistically significant after a 4-month intensive phase of the programme. One year after all activities had stopped, the plaque index of the experimental group was still lower than that of the control group but insufficient to maintain a significant difference on the gingival index.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Julien
- Department of Oral Health, University of Montreal, Canada
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Abstract
Despite improvements in children's dental health, and significant resource allocation to health education programs, few recent studies have investigated the associations of oral health knowledge, behaviors, and status. This study of 11-year-old children (N = 6,329) in northeastern Ontario used a supervised self-complete questionnaire and a clinical examination to gather baseline data on, and test associations of, caries and periodontal knowledge, self-reported oral health behaviors and source of knowledge, and oral health status. Results show the children had poor knowledge of caries preventive measures such as water fluoridation, dental sealants, and choice of snack foods. Periodontal knowledge was better, but children confused plaque and calculus. Respondents claimed good oral health habits, with 73 percent claiming to brush at least twice daily, 88 percent claiming to use toothpaste, 42 percent claim to floss at least twice weekly, and 84 percent claiming an annual dental visit. Children with the best knowledge claimed dentist and school as the sources. High knowledge was associated with good oral health habits (P less than .001) and low DMFT score (P less than .001). Good habits were not related to DMFT score (P = .1095). Logistic regression showed high knowledge was associated with English cultural status, urban school area, good habits, having a dental sealant, and attending a fluoride-rinse school (P less than .05). Findings suggest a need to reinforce caries preventive teaching, to investigate the effect of cultural status, dental experience, and residence status on oral health knowledge, and to further test the efficacy of different oral health education programs delivered by different sources.
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Abstract
The gingival and periodontal health of 62 adolescent orthodontic patients was assessed before and again after orthodontic treatment in a controlled clinical study. Before the commencement of orthodontic treatment, the experimental group received an oral hygiene program consisting of 4 weekly sessions of oral health education, instruction on plaque-control techniques and reviews in plaque removal performance. The control group did not receive this program. It was found that there was a general trend in the study population for improved gingival health as measured by the bleeding index, gingival index, plaque index and gingival crevicular fluid volume. Furthermore, the oral hygiene program induced in the experimental group significantly lower scores in the measured clinical indices compared to the control group. However, no significant difference was noted in the measured probing depths in all subjects before or after the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Yeung
- Dental Clinical School, Westmead Hospital, Australia
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Bloem TJ, Razzoog ME, Chamberlain BB, Lang B. Efficacy of tissue brushing as measured by the prosthodontic tissue index. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 1984; 4:70-6. [PMID: 6585994 DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-4505.1984.tb00150.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Proceedings from the State of the Art Workshop on Surgical Therapy for Periodontitis. Sponsored by National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health May 13-14, 1981 Workshop background paper. J Periodontol 1982; 53:475-501. [PMID: 6750075 DOI: 10.1902/jop.1982.53.8.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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