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Gürsel M, Bayat T, Dündar N, Yabacı Tak A, Karaduman B. Investigating the diagnostic potential of IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-36γ in gingival crevicular fluid in patients with different periodontal conditions. Biomarkers 2024; 29:118-126. [PMID: 38344835 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2024.2318256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to analyze cytokine levels, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10, and IL-36γ, to investigate the link between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in periodontal conditions and assess their potential as diagnostic biomarkers for distinguishing between different types of periodontal conditions. METHODS 80 systemically healthy non-smokers (25 periodontally healthy, 25 with gingivitis, 30 with periodontitis) were included. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were obtained. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to determine the diagnostic value of cytokines. RESULTS IL-36γ had the highest sensitivity for diagnosing periodontitis, although its specificity for identifying those without periodontitis was relatively low. The combination of IL-1β and IL-36γ was the most effective in differentiating periodontitis from periodontal health. IL-10 was found to be an acceptable discriminator for distinguishing gingivitis from healthy conditions. However, its sensitivity and specificity for identifying gingivitis were lower. The combination of the three cytokines showed the highest ability to distinguish between periodontitis and gingivitis. CONCLUSION The levels of IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-36γ in GCF may provide insights into periodontal health and disease status. Further studies are needed to validate these results and explore the potential of these cytokines in periodontal disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihtikar Gürsel
- Department of Periodontology,, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuba Bayat
- Department of Periodontology, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | | | - Ayşegül Yabacı Tak
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Karaduman
- Department of Periodontology, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Hussein HR, Abdulkareem AA, Milward MR, Cooper PR. Ability of gingival crevicular fluid volume, E-cadherin, and total antioxidant capacity levels for predicting outcomes of nonsurgical periodontal therapy for periodontitis patients. J Periodontal Res 2024; 59:289-298. [PMID: 38009442 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the potential of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume, E-cadherin and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels to predict the outcomes of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) for periodontitis patients. BACKGROUND NSPT is the gold-standard treatment for periodontal pockets < 6 mm in depth, however, successful outcomes are not always guaranteed due to several factors. Periodontitis-associated tissue destruction is evidenced by the increased level of soluble E-cadherin and reduced antioxidants in oral fluids which could be used as predictors for success/failure of NSPT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with periodontitis (n = 24) were included in this clinical trial and full-mouth periodontal charting was recorded for each patient. GCF samples from periodontal pockets with probing pocket depth (PPD) 4-6 mm from the interproximal surfaces of anterior and premolar teeth were obtained. These sites subsequently received NSPT and were clinically re-evaluated after 1 and 3 months. Levels of GCF E-cadherin and TAC levels were assayed using ELISA. RESULTS All clinical periodontal parameters were significantly improved 3 months after completion of NSPT. These outcomes were associated with a significant decrease in E-cadherin levels and GCF volume, while TAC levels were significantly increased in samples obtained in follow-up appointments. Binary regression model analysis showed that PPD, GCF volume, E-cadherin, and TAC levels could significantly (p < .05) predict the outcomes of NSPT. The cut-off points for PPD, GCF volume, E-cadherin and TAC were 5 mm, 4 × 10-3, 1267.97 pg/mL and 0.09 μmol/g, respectively. CONCLUSION NSPT improved clinical parameters along with increased antioxidants capacity and epithelial pocket lining integrity. Discrimination of favorable/unfavorable responsiveness of periodontally diseased sites to NSPT could be possible by using GCF volume, PPD, E-cadherin and TAC level assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind R Hussein
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
- Al-Noor Dental Center, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali A Abdulkareem
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mike R Milward
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul R Cooper
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Babun FK, Kayar NA, Hatipoğlu M. Investigating the role of salivary Interleukin-40 levels in diagnosing periodontal diseases. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38515006 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to analyze IL-40, IL-1β, and MMP-8 levels in periodontitis as well as gingivitis and periodontal health, and to explore potential correlations between these biomarkers and standard clinical parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected saliva samples from 120 systemically healthy, non-smoking individuals aged between 18 and 63 years. These individuals were divided into three groups: healthy controls [S], gingivitis [G], and stage III grade B periodontitis [P]. IL-40, IL-1β, and MMP-8 levels in saliva samples were analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS We observed significantly elevated salivary IL-40 levels in the G group compared to the S group (p = 0.003). We found significantly higher salivary IL-1β levels in the P group compared to both the S and G groups (p = 0.000). Salivary MMP-8 levels were significantly higher in the P group than in the S group (p = 0.016). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that IL-40 and IL-1β may serve as effective salivary biomarkers for diagnosing gingivitis, while MMP-8 and IL-1β may be effective for distinguishing periodontitis. Based on our study's findings, it can be stated that IL-40 may serve as a new and effective biomarker for distinguishing individuals with gingivitis from healthy ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Köksel Babun
- Department of Periodontology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Dentistry, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nezahat Arzu Kayar
- Department of Periodontology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Dentistry, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mükerrem Hatipoğlu
- Department of Periodontology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Dentistry, Antalya, Turkey
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Hussein HR, Abdulkareem AA, Milward MR, Cooper PR. E-cadherin and TAC in GCF accurately discriminate periodontal health and disease. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38181188 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the accuracy of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) E-cadherin and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) to discriminate periodontal health from disease. SUBJECTS AND METHODS GCF samples were collected from participants with periodontal health (control), gingivitis, and periodontitis (n = 25 each group). The latter group was further subdivided according to stage (S) and grade. Periodontal parameters were recorded then levels of biomarkers were assayed using ELISA and antioxidant status by use of the Total Antioxidant Capacity Assay for E-cadherin and TAC, respectively. RESULTS All periodontal parameters were significantly higher in periodontally diseased groups than controls. The GCF E-cadherin significantly increased in gingivitis and periodontitis (S2 to S4) cases as compared to controls. Level of this protein in GCF samples from periodontitis S3 was significantly higher than in gingivitis and S2 groups. The GCF-TAC level was significantly higher in controls than in periodontally diseased groups. No significant differences were observed in the levels of these proteins between grade B and C periodontitis. Both molecules could discriminate periodontal health from gingivitis and periodontitis stages and differentiating periodontitis S3 from gingivitis and other periodontitis stages. CONCLUSIONS Levels of TAC and unbounded E-cadherin in GCF samples exhibited promising diagnostic abilities to differentiate periodontal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind R Hussein
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
- Al-Noor Dental Center, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali A Abdulkareem
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mike R Milward
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul R Cooper
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Panahipour L, Abbasabadi AO, Gruber R. Gingival Fibroblasts Are Sensitive to Oral Cell Lysates Indicated by Their IL11 Expression. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1193. [PMID: 37892923 PMCID: PMC10604186 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Damaged cells that appear as a consequence of invasive dental procedures or in response to dental materials are supposed to release damage-associated signals. These damage-associated signals not only support tissue regeneration but might also contribute to unwanted fibrosis. The aim of this study was to identify a molecular target that reflects how fibroblasts respond to necrotic oral tissue cells. To simulate the cell damage, we prepared necrotic cell lysates by sonication of the osteocytic cell line IDG-SW3 and exposed them to gingival fibroblasts. RNAseq revealed a moderate increase in IL11 expression in the gingival fibroblasts, a pleiotropic cytokine involved in fibrosis and inflammation, and also in regeneration following trauma. Necrotic lysates of the human squamous carcinoma cell lines HSC2 and TR146, as well as of gingival fibroblasts, however, caused a robust increase in IL11 expression in the gingival fibroblasts. Consistently, immunoassay revealed significantly increased IL11 levels in the gingival fibroblasts when exposed to the respective lysates. Considering that IL11 is a TGF-β target gene, IL11 expression was partially blocked by SB431542, a TGF-β receptor type I kinase inhibitor. Moreover, lysates from the HSC2, TR146, and gingival fibroblasts caused a moderate smad2/3 nuclear translocation in the gingival fibroblasts. Taken together and based on IL11 expression, our findings show that fibroblasts are sensitive to damaged oral tissue cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Panahipour
- Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.P.); (A.O.A.)
| | - Azarakhsh Oladzad Abbasabadi
- Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.P.); (A.O.A.)
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.P.); (A.O.A.)
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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TNF-α, IL-1β, MMP-8 Crevicular Profile in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Periodontitis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12020736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence sustains the potential of periodontitis as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Our study aimed to analyze several periodontal specific inflammatory biomarkers within the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with CKD, compared to patients with normal kidney function, providing an inflammatory profile of the dialysis patient. The study comprised 79 patients divided into: group 1 (59 subjects with periodontitis and CKD) and group 2 (20 patients with periodontitis, without other systemic conditions). Clinical diagnosis was performed via dental and periodontal examination. GCF samples were collected from each patient, and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and MMP-8 were determined by using ELISA assay. In group 1, the average values were: 22.85 ± 5.87 pg/mL for TNF-α, 33.00 ± 39.68 pg/mL for IL-1β and 18.80 ± 27.75 ng/mL for MMP-8. In group 2, the mean values were: 2.10 ± 1.34 pg/mL for TNF-α, 0.71 ± 2.42 pg/mL for IL-1β and 5.35 ± 0.37 ng/mL for MMP-8. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between groups as referring to all three biomarkers and, TNF-α and MMP-8, in certain stages of periodontitis. The level of TNF-α, IL-1β and MMP-8 points out the increased inflammatory status of the dialysis patient with PD, supporting the mutual connection of the two pathologies.
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Dikilitaş A, Karaaslan F, Seçkin E. Comparison of gingival crevicular fluid levels of IL-1b and IL-6 in subjects with gingivitis and stage III grade C periodontitis. BALKAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/bjdm2203142d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: Periodontal diseases are inflammatory diseases that occur against microbial pathogens. Cytokines are biologically active molecules involved in this inflammatory process. This study aims to evaluate interleukin-1 beta (IL-1b) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokine levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of individuals with stage III grade C (SIIIGC) periodontitis, gingivitis (G) and periodontally healthy (PH). Material and Methods: A total of 64 individuals, including 22 PH, 22 G and 20 SIIIGC periodontitis were included in this study. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) parameters were evaluated. GCF samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Results: IL-1b and IL-6 levels in the GCF were significantly higher in the SIII-GC periodontitis group compared to the other groups (P <0.05). There was no significant difference between IL-1b and IL-6 levels in the PH and G groups (P > 0.05). GCF IL-1b and IL-6 levels were positively associated with the whole mouth and sampling area clinical periodontal parameters (P < 0.001). Conclusions: GCF IL-1b and IL-6 total amounts are effective in determining the regions and individuals under risk in SIII-GC periodontitis. Moreover, GCF IL-1b and IL-6 levels were seen to be effective determinants in differentiating gingivitis and periodontitis.
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Dikilitaş A, Karaaslan F, Seçkin E. Comparison of gingival crevicular fluid levels of IL-1b and IL-6 in subjects with gingivitis and stage III grade C periodontitis. BALKAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/bjdm20220824-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: Periodontal diseases are inflammatory diseases that occur against microbial pathogens. Cytokines are biologically active molecules involved in this inflammatory process. This study aims to evaluate interleukin-1 beta (IL-1b) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokine levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of individuals with stage III grade C (SIII-GC) periodontitis, gingivitis (G) and periodontally healthy (PH). Material and Methods: A total of 64 individuals, including 22 PH, 22 G and 20 SIII-GC periodontitis were included in this study. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) parameters were evaluated. GCF samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Results: IL-1b and IL-6 levels in the GCF were significantly higher in the SIII-GC periodontitis group compared to the other groups (P <0.05). There was no significant difference between IL-1b and IL-6 levels in the PH and G groups (P > 0.05). GCF IL-1b and IL-6 levels were positively associated with the whole mouth and sampling area clinical periodontal parameters (P < 0.001). Conclusions: GCF IL-1b and IL-6 total amounts are effective in determining the regions and individuals under risk in SIII-GC periodontitis. Moreover, GCF IL-1b and IL-6 levels were seen to be effective determinants in differentiating gingivitis and periodontitis.
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Ng E, Tay JRH, Ong MMA. Minimally Invasive Periodontology: A Treatment Philosophy and Suggested Approach. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:2810264. [PMID: 34257659 PMCID: PMC8245214 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2810264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe periodontitis is a highly prevalent dental disease. With the advent of implant dentistry, teeth are often extracted and replaced. Periodontal surgery, where indicated, could also result in increased trauma to the patient. This literature review discusses different treatment modalities for periodontitis and proposes a treatment approach emphasizing maximum preservation of teeth while minimizing morbidity to the patient. Scientific articles were retrieved from the MEDLINE/PubMed database up to January 2021 to identify appropriate articles that addressed the objectives of this review. This was supplemented with hand searching using reference lists from relevant articles. As tooth prognostication does not have a high predictive value, a more conservative approach in extracting teeth should be abided by. This may involve repeated rounds of nonsurgical periodontal therapy, and adjuncts such as locally delivered statin gels and subantimicrobial-dose doxycycline appear to be effective. Periodontal surgery should not be carried out at an early phase in therapy as improvements in nonsurgical therapy may be observed up to 12 months from initial treatment. Periodontal surgery, where indicated, should also be minimally invasive, with periodontal regeneration being shown to be effective over 20 years of follow-up. Biomarkers provide an opportunity for early detection of disease activity and personalised treatment. Quality of life is proposed as an alternative end point to the traditional biomedical paradigm focused on the disease state and clinical outcomes. In summary, minimally invasive therapy aims to preserve health and function of the natural dentition, thus improving the quality of life for patients with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Ng
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore 168938, Singapore
| | - John Rong Hao Tay
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore 168938, Singapore
| | - Marianne Meng Ann Ong
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore 168938, Singapore
- Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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Bibi T, Khurshid Z, Rehman A, Imran E, Srivastava KC, Shrivastava D. Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF): A Diagnostic Tool for the Detection of Periodontal Health and Diseases. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051208. [PMID: 33668185 PMCID: PMC7956529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The methodologies applicable for the evaluation of periodontal associated diseases are constantly evolving to provide quick, realistic, and scientifically proven results. Trends in the past followed a clinical evaluation of periodontal tissues and radiographic-based reports that formed the foundation for detection of diseases involving the structures supporting the teeth. As the confines and limitations of conventional strategies became obvious over the passage of time, hand in hand variety of techniques have evolved and experimentally justified. These improvisations are based on an improved understanding of the periodontal-pathogenic cascade. Periodontal pathogenesis and a paradigm shift from disease understanding to disease prevention and treatment entail few prerequisites that demand the objectivity of diagnostics procedure that includes sensitivity and specificity along with an explanation of the intensity of the disease, Gingival crevicular fluid an oral bio-fluid resides in the close proximity with gingival tissues have been widely used to understand and differentiate the periodontal health and diseased status. The biomarkers present in the GCF can be a reliable tool to detect the minute changes seen in the disease processes. The GCF consists of various host and bacterial-derived products as well as biomarkers which in turn can be evaluated for the diagnosis, prognosis as well as management of the periodontal disease. Thus, the review aims at describing GCF as a potential oral biofluid helpful in differentiating periodontal health and disease status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tauqeer Bibi
- Department of Orthodontics, Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi 75260, Pakistan;
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (Z.K.); (D.S.); Tel.: +966-558420410 (Z.K.); +966-500782498 (D.S.)
| | - Ambreen Rehman
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK;
| | - Eisha Imran
- Department of Dental Materials, HITEC Dental College, Institute of Medical Sciences, Taxilla 751010, Pakistan;
| | - Kumar Chandan Srivastava
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery & Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Deepti Shrivastava
- Periodontics, Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (Z.K.); (D.S.); Tel.: +966-558420410 (Z.K.); +966-500782498 (D.S.)
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Folayan MO, Tantawi ME, Chukwumah NM, Alade M, Mapayi B, Oginni O, Arowolo O, Sam-Agudu NA. Associations between depression and gingivitis among adolescents resident in semi-urban South-West Nigeria. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:55. [PMID: 33557820 PMCID: PMC7869244 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE None of the past studies that had showed a linked between oral and mental health among adolescents was conducted in Nigeria. The objective of this study was to determine the association between gingivitis and depression among adolescents in Ile-Ife, South-West Nigeria. METHODS This cross-sectional study collected data through a household survey conducted between December 2018 and January 2019. Adolescents aged 10 to 19 years old were identified using multistage sampling. The study outcome measure was gingivitis, measured by the Löe and Silness gingival index. The explanatory variable was depression, measured by the Patient Health Questionnair. Confounders considered were age, sex, socioeconomic status, frequency of daily tooth brushing, oral hygiene status (measured by the plaque index), consumption of refined carbohydrates in-between meals, use of dental floss, and history of dental service utilization in the past 12 months. A logistic regression model was constructed to determine risk indicators for moderate/severe gingivitis. Additionally, modification of associations between dependent variables and the significant risk indicators of depression was assessed. RESULTS Mean plaque index for the 1,087 adolescent participants enrolled in the study was 0.80. We found a prevalence of 8.5% for moderate/severe gingivitis and 7.9% for depression. In adjusted regression, there were significant associations between the presence of moderate/severe gingivitis and consumption of refined carbohydrates in-between meals (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.14, 3.28) and plaque index (OR 16.56, 95% CI 10.03, 27.33). Depression also significantly modified the association between plaque index and the presence of moderate/severe gingivitis (P < 0.0001), with a stronger association observed with mild depression (OR 24.75, 95% CI 3.33, 184.00) compared with no depression (OR 15.47, 95% CI 9.31, 25.69), with no significant modification for the association with frequent consumption of refined carbohydrates (P = 0.06). CONCLUSION Although there was no significant association between gingivitis and depression among our adolescent Nigerian cohort, depression significantly modified the association between plaque index score and moderate/severe gingivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Michael Alade
- Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Boladale Mapayi
- Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Olakunle Oginni
- Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Olaniyi Arowolo
- Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Nadia A Sam-Agudu
- International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria.,Institute of Human Virology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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Keshani F, Tabari Z, Hematzadeh S. IL29 expression in gingival tissues of chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis patients: An immunohistochemical analysis. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.324025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Meraci B, Gunpinar S, Dundar N. Clinical importance of neuregulin-4 and its receptor ErbB4 in periodontal disease pathogenesis. Oral Dis 2020; 26:1326-1336. [PMID: 32274847 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this clinical trial was to evaluate the levels of Neuregulin-4 (Nrg4), Erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (ErbB4), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-2, and arginase (Arg)-1 in periodontal health and disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study includes systemically healthy 20 periodontally healthy (H), 20 gingivitis (G), 20 stage II periodontitis (P1), and 20 stage III periodontitis (P2) subjects. Periodontal clinical measurements and samples of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum were obtained at baseline and 4 weeks after non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine ErbB4, Nrg4, IL-6, IL-10, NOS2, and Arg1 levels in all samples. RESULTS GCF ErbB4 and Nrg4 total amounts and IL-6/IL-10 ratio were significantly higher in G, P1, and P2 groups than H group. Serum NOS2 levels were significantly lower, whereas serum Arg1 levels were higher in H group than the others. The GCF levels of ErbB4 and Nrg4 were significantly decreased after NSPT in G, P1, and P2 groups. Additionally, the GCF levels of ErbB4 and Nrg4 were positively correlated with all clinical parameters and IL-6/IL-10 ratio. CONCLUSIONS Nrg4 and its receptor ErbB4 might have crucial roles in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. These results should be verified with future prospective studies to further clarify the exact role of those biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Meraci
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Sadiye Gunpinar
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Niyazi Dundar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Research Center, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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de Alencar JB, Zacarias JMV, Tsuneto PY, de Souza VH, Silva CDOE, Visentainer JEL, Sell AM. Influence of inflammasome NLRP3, and IL1B and IL2 gene polymorphisms in periodontitis susceptibility. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227905. [PMID: 31978095 PMCID: PMC6980600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of periodontitis (PD) involves several molecules of the immune system that interact in a network to eliminate the periodontopathogens, yet, they contribute to periodontal tissue destruction. The different mechanisms that lead to periodontal tissue damage are not clear. Despite this, immune response genes have been related to the development of PD previously, such as those involved in inflammasomes which are multiprotein complexes and cytokines including Interleukin-1. The aim of the study was to evaluate the polymorphisms in NLRP3 inflammasome, cytokine and receptor of cytokines genes in the development of periodontitis. This case-control study was conducted in 186 patients with PD (stage II and III and grade B) and 208 controls (localized gingivitis and periodontally healthy individuals). Genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP for the SNP rs4612666 in NLRP3 and using PCR-SSP for IL1A, IL1B, IL1R, IL1RN, IL4RA, INFG, TGFB1, TNF, IL2, IL4, IL6, and IL10. Cytokine serum levels were measured using Luminex technology. SNPStats and OpenEpi software were used to perform statistical analysis. The higher frequencies of NLRP3 T/C and IL1B -511 T/T genotypes and IL2 (+166, -330) GT haplotype were observed in patients with PD compared to controls. The SNPs in NLRP3, IL1R +1970, IL6–174, TNF -308, IL2 +166 and -330, TGFB1 +869 and +915, IL4RA +1902, IL4–1098 and -590 were associated to PD in men. In conclusion, polymorphisms in NLRP3, IL1B and IL2 genes were associated to PD susceptibility. Men carrying the NLRP3, IL1R, IL6, TNF, IL2, TGFB1, IL4RA and IL4 polymorphisms had greater susceptibility than women for developing PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Bazzo de Alencar
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Post-Graduation Program in Biosciences and Physiophatology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Joana Maira Valentini Zacarias
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Post-Graduation Program in Biosciences and Physiophatology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Yumeko Tsuneto
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Post-Graduation Program in Biosciences and Physiophatology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo de Souza
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Post-Graduation Program in Biosciences and Physiophatology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Jeane Eliete Laguila Visentainer
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Post-Graduation Program in Biosciences and Physiophatology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Sell
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Post-Graduation Program in Biosciences and Physiophatology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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15
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Rathod S, Khan F, Kolte A, Gupta M, Chari S, Gonde N. Quantitative analysis of oncostatin M levels in chronic periodontitis patients. JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL CLINICAL DENTAL RESEARCH ORGANIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jicdro.jicdro_51_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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16
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Trombelli L, Farina R, Silva CO, Tatakis DN. Plaque-induced gingivitis: Case definition and diagnostic considerations. J Periodontol 2019; 89 Suppl 1:S46-S73. [PMID: 29926936 DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical gingival inflammation is a well-defined site-specific condition for which several measurement systems have been proposed and validated, and epidemiological studies consistently indicate its high prevalence globally. However, it is clear that defining and grading a gingival inflammatory condition at a site level (i.e. a "gingivitis site") is completely different from defining and grading a "gingivitis case" (GC) (i.e. a patient affected by gingivitis), and that a "gingivitis site" does not necessarily mean a "GC". The purpose of the present review is to summarize the evidence on clinical, biochemical, microbiologic, genetic markers as well as symptoms associated with plaque-induced gingivitis and to propose a set of criteria to define GC. IMPORTANCE A universally accepted case definition for gingivitis would provide the necessary information to enable oral health professionals to assess the effectiveness of their prevention strategies and treatment regimens; help set priorities for therapeutic actions/programs by health care providers; and undertake surveillance. FINDINGS Based on available methods to assess gingival inflammation, GC could be simply, objectively and accurately identified and graded using bleeding on probing score (BOP%) CONCLUSIONS: A patient with intact periodontium would be diagnosed as a GC according to a BOP score ≥ 10%, further classified as localized (BOP score ≥ 10% and ≤30%) or generalized (BOP score > 30%). The proposed classification may also apply to patients with a reduced periodontium, where a GC would characterize a patient with attachment loss and BOP score ≥ 10%, but without BOP in any site probing ≥4 mm in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Trombelli
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Operative Unit of Dentistry, University-Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Farina
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Operative Unit of Dentistry, University-Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cléverson O Silva
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Dimitris N Tatakis
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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17
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Bilichodmath S, Nair SK, Bilichodmath R, Mangalekar SB. mRNA expression of IFN-λs in the gingival tissue of patients with chronic or aggressive periodontitis: A polymerase chain reaction study. J Periodontol 2019; 89:867-874. [PMID: 29717481 DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have proven the existence of herpesviruses in periodontal pockets of patients with chronic or aggressive periodontitis. Recently discovered interferon lambda (IFN-λ) has antiviral properties and is induced by herpesviruses. The present study was a quantitative analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of IFN-λs (IFN-λ1, IFN-λ2, IFN-λ3) in the gingival tissues of patients with chronic or aggressive periodontitis. METHODS A total of 90 participants (50 men and 40 women; age range 19-50 years, mean age 31.50 ± 7.8) were categorized into three groups: healthy participants, patients with chronic periodontitis, and patients with aggressive periodontitis. mRNA expression of IFN-λs in gingival tissues was estimated using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and was correlated with clinical parameters such as gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). RESULTS mRNA of IFN-λ1, IFN-λ2, and IFN-λ3 was expressed in gingival tissues of healthy participants and in patients with chronic or aggressive periodontitis. The highest level of IFN-λ1 was observed in patients with aggressive periodontitis (3.049 ± 9.793), whereas IFN-λ2 (4.322 ± 11.310) and IFN-λ3 (11.932 ± 27.479) were highest in patients with chronic periodontitis. The difference in mRNA expression of IFN-λ1 (P = 0.008) and IFN-λ3 (P = 0.043) among three groups was statistically significant CONCLUSION: Increased quantity of IFN-λs in patients with chronic and patients with aggressive periodontitis suggests a role in periodontitis. Variation in the expression of IFN-λ1 and IFN-λ3 in patients with periodontitis needs to be further evaluated. The mRNA expression of antiviral IFN-λs in gingival tissues might enhance our understanding related to viral pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sruthi K Nair
- Department of Periodontology, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Rekha Bilichodmath
- Department of Periodontology, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Sachin B Mangalekar
- Deparment of Periodontology, Bharti Vidyapeeth Dental College, Wanlesswadi, Sangali, Maharashtra, India
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18
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Leite SADM, Casanovas RC, Rodrigues VP, Pereira ADFV, Ferreira TCA, Nascimento FRFD, Nascimento JRD, Gomes-Filho IS, Bastos MG, Pereira ALA. The effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on hepcidin and on inflammatory and iron marker levels. Braz Oral Res 2019; 33:e055. [PMID: 31531562 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum hepcidin levels may increase in response to infection and inflammation. The present study investigated the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on levels of serum hepcidin, inflammatory markers, and iron markers. An interventional study was conducted on 67 patients (age 30-65 years) without other diseases, except for chronic periodontitis (CP). Patients were allocated to either CP or control groups. The CP group received supragingival and subgingival scaling and root planing procedures, whereas the control group received supragingival scaling. Probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level (CAL), visible plaque index (VPI), serum hepcidin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), hematological markers, and iron markers were measured at baseline and at 90 days after NSPT. The CP group had statistically significant lower mean values for mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) (p ≤ 0.05). The control group had statistically significant reductions in hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, and MCH (p ≤ 0.05). Serum hepcidin, IL-6, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) levels were significantly decreased in both groups after NSPT. Periodontal markers were more markedly reduced in the CP group compared with the control group (p ≤ 0.05). These findings suggest that NSPT may reduce the serum levels of IL-6, hepcidin, and periodontal parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosana Costa Casanovas
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA, Graduate Program in Dentistry, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Isaac Suzart Gomes-Filho
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana - UEFS, Department of Health, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - Marcus Gomes Bastos
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Department of Nephrology, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
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19
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Huang W, Wu J, Mao Y, Zhu S, Huang GF, Petritis B, Huang RP. Developing a periodontal disease antibody array for the prediction of severe periodontal disease using machine learning classifiers. J Periodontol 2019; 91:232-243. [PMID: 31397883 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to simultaneously and quantitatively assess the expression levels of 20 periodontal disease-related proteins in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from normal controls (NOR) and severe periodontitis (SP) patients with an antibody array. METHODS Antibodies against 20 periodontal disease-related proteins were spotted onto a glass slide to create a periodontal disease antibody array (PDD). The array was then incubated with GCF samples collected from 25 NOR and 25 SP patients. Differentially expressed proteins between NOR and SP patients were then used to build receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves and compare five classification models, including support vector machine, random forest, k nearest neighbor, linear discriminant analysis, and Classification and Regression Trees. RESULTS Seven proteins (C-reactive protein, interleukin [IL]-1α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-8, matrix metalloproteinase-13, osteoprotegerin, and osteoactivin) were significantly upregulated in SP patients compared with NOR, while receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa was significantly downregulated. The highest diagnostic accuracy using a ROC curve was observed for IL-1β with an area under the curve of 0.984. Five of the proteins (IL-1β, IL-8, MMP-13, osteoprotegerin, and osteoactivin) were identified as important features for classification. Linear discriminant analysis had the highest classification accuracy across the five classification models that were tested. CONCLUSION This study highlights the potential of antibody arrays to diagnose periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- RayBiotech, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Third Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | | | - Siwei Zhu
- RayBiotech, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | | | | | - Ruo-Pan Huang
- RayBiotech, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,RayBiotech, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA.,South China Biochip Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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20
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Nascimento PC, Castro MML, Magno MB, Almeida APCPSC, Fagundes NCF, Maia LC, Lima RR. Association Between Periodontitis and Cognitive Impairment in Adults: A Systematic Review. Front Neurol 2019; 10:323. [PMID: 31105630 PMCID: PMC6492457 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an oral inflammatory disease and may contribute to low-grade systemic inflammation. Based on the contribution of periodontitis to systemic inflammation and the potential role of systemic inflammation in neuroinflammation, many epidemiological studies have investigated a possible association between periodontitis and mild cognitive impairment or dementia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical/epidemiological evidence regarding the association between periodontitis and cognitive decline in adult patients. A search conducted between September and October 2018 was performed in the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, LILACS, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar, with no publication date or language restrictions. Analytical observational studies in adults (P—Participants), with (E—Exposure) and without periodontitis (C—Comparison) were included in order to determine the association between periodontitis and cognitive decline (O—Outcome). The search identified 509 references, of which eight observational studies were accorded with the eligibility criteria and evaluated. The results should, however, be interpreted cautiously due to the limited number of studies. This systematic review points to the need for further well-designed studies, such as longitudinal observational studies with control of modifiable variables, as diagnostic criteria and time since diagnosis of periodontitis and cognitive impairment, to confirm the proposed association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Cunha Nascimento
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém, Brazil
| | - Micaele Maria Lopes Castro
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém, Brazil
| | - Marcela Baraúna Magno
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém, Brazil
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21
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Tasdemir Z, Oskaybas MN, Alkan AB, Cakmak O. The effects of ozone therapy on periodontal therapy: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Oral Dis 2019; 25:1195-1202. [PMID: 30739369 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this randomized split-mouth clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of ozone therapy on clinical and biochemical parameters of moderate to severe generalized periodontitis patients after non-surgical periodontal therapy. METHODS A total of 36 moderate to severe generalized periodontitis patients were included in the study. The patients were systemically healthy and 18 to 64 years of age. Periodontal parameters, including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), percentage of bleeding on probing, percentage of pockets deeper than 5 mm and clinical attachment level (CAL), and percentage of ≥3 mm CAL, were evaluated at baseline and 3 months following periodontal therapy. All participants were treated non-surgically. Topical gaseous ozone was applied into periodontal pockets twice a week for 2 weeks during active periodontal therapy. Gingival crevicular fluid pentraxin-3 (PTX-3), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) were evaluated. All statistical data were analyzed using SPSS software. RESULTS Total of 36 participants completed the study (18 males, 18 females). PI, GI, PD, percentage of bleeding on probing, percentage of pockets deeper than 5 mm and CAL, and percentage of ≥3 mm CAL were improved, and there were no significant differences between the two sides. All inflammatory parameters, PTX-3, Hs-CRP, and IL-1, were reduced at 3-month follow-up. Only the decrease in PTX-3 levels between baseline and 3-month follow-up was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Ozone therapy did not have any additional effect on periodontal parameters. All cytokines were reduced after periodontal therapy. Only PTX-3 levels were significantly lower at ozone sites compared to those at the control sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekeriya Tasdemir
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Merve N Oskaybas
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Arzu B Alkan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Bezm-i Alem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer Cakmak
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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22
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Ebersole JL, Peyyala R, Gonzalez OA. Biofilm-induced profiles of immune response gene expression by oral epithelial cells. Mol Oral Microbiol 2019; 34. [PMID: 30407731 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the oral epithelial immunotranscriptome response patterns modulated by oral bacterial planktonic or biofilm challenge. We assessed gene expression patterns when epithelial cells were challenged with a multispecies biofilm composed of Streptococcus gordonii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis representing a type of periodontopathic biofilm compared to challenge with the same species of planktonic bacteria. Of the 579 human immunology genes, a substantial signal of the epithelial cells was observed to 181 genes. Biofilm challenged stimulated significant elevations compared to planktonic bacteria for IL32, IL8, CD44, B2M, TGFBI, NFKBIA, IL1B, CD59, IL1A, CCL20 representing the top 10 signals comprising 55% of the overall signal for the epithelial cell responses. Levels of PLAU, CD9, IFITM1, PLAUR, CD24, TNFSF10, and IL1RN were all elevated by each of the planktonic bacterial challenge vs the biofilm responses. While the biofilms up-regulated 123/579 genes (>2-fold), fewer genes were increased by the planktonic species (36 [S gordonii], 30 [F nucleatum], 44 [P gingivalis]). A wide array of immune genes were regulated by oral bacterial challenge of epithelial cells that would be linked to the local activity of innate and adaptive immune response components in the gingival tissues. Incorporating bacterial species into a structured biofilm dramatically altered the number and level of genes expressed. Additionally, a specific set of genes were significantly decreased with the multispecies biofilms suggesting that some epithelial cell biologic pathways are down-regulated when in contact with this type of pathogenic biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada.,College of Dentistry, Center for Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Rebecca Peyyala
- College of Dentistry, Center for Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Octavio A Gonzalez
- College of Dentistry, Center for Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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23
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Interleukin-1 Gene Variability and Plasma Levels in Czech Patients with Chronic Periodontitis and Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Dent 2019; 2019:6802349. [PMID: 30755772 PMCID: PMC6348895 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6802349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested a bidirectional relationship between chronic periodontitis (CP) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Immunoregulatory factors such as cytokines play an important role in etiopathogenesis of both diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze variability in interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene cluster and IL-1β plasma levels in patients with CP, DM, and a combination of both diseases. A total of 1016 individuals participating in this case-control study—225 healthy controls, 264 patients with CP, 132 with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), and 395 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM)—were genotyped using methods based on polymerase chain reaction for IL-1 gene polymorphisms (IL-1A (−889C/T, rs1800587), IL-1B (+3953C/T, rs1143634), and IL-1RN (gene for IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-1RA, 86 bp tandem repeats in intron 2)). Levels of IL-1β were measured by Luminex methods in subgroups of controls, CP, T1DM + CP, and T2DM + CP subjects. Although no significant associations were found in the genotype and allele frequencies of IL-1A (−889C/T), significant differences in the allele frequencies of IL-1B (+3953C/T) were observed between controls and CP patients (P < 0.05). In T1DM patients, IL-1RN∗S “short” allele and IL-1RN 12 genotype were significantly less frequent than those in controls (P < 0.01). In haplotype analysis, TTL haplotype decreased the risk of CP development (P < 0.01), whereas CCS and CTL haplotypes (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05) were associated with T1DM. Although IL-1β levels were measured significantly higher in mononuclear cells after stimulation by mitogens, HSP70, or selected periodontal bacteria than in unstimulated cells, IL-1 genotypes did not correlate with circulating IL-1β levels. In the Czech population, significant associations between the IL-1B polymorphism with CP and the IL-1RN variant with T1DM were found. Haplotype analysis suggests that variability in IL-1 gene cluster may be one of the factors in the CP and T1DM pathogenesis, although single variants of these polymorphisms are not substantial for protein production.
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24
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Schmidt J, Strecker P, Kreuz M, Löffler M, Kiess W, Hirsch C, Thiery J, Baber R, Bae YJ, Kratzsch J, Haak R, Ziebolz D. Stress-related hormones in association with periodontal condition in adolescents-results of the epidemiologic LIFE Child study. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:1793-1802. [PMID: 30187257 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2599-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between blood levels of stress-related hormones and early signs of periodontal disease in children and adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Within the LIFE (Leipzig research center for civilization diseases) Child study, 498 adolescents (10 to 18 years) were included. Early signs of periodontal inflammation were measured by probing depth (PD) at six index teeth (16, 11, 26, 36, 31, 46). Blood levels of stress-related hormones (cortisol, dehydroepiandosterone-sulfate [DHEA-S]) and, additionally interleukine-6 (IL-6) were measured. Socioeconomic status, oral hygiene, orthodontic appliances, and nutritional status, recorded by body-mass-index-standard-deviation-score (BMI-SDS), were considered as confounding factors. Additionally, in 98 participants, an oral chairside active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) test was performed. Statistical tests are the Mann-Whitney U tests, chi-squared tests and multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS IL-6, BMI-SDS as well as positive aMMP-8 test result were significantly associated with maximum PD > 3 mm (p < 0.05). However, no statistically significant associations between stress-related hormones (cortisol and DHEA-S) and presence of maximum PD > 3 mm were found (p > 0.05). Higher DHEA-S and BMI were associated with positive aMMP-8 result, even after adjusting for age and gender (p = 0.027, padj = 0.026). CONCLUSION The results reveal no associations between PD and stress-related hormones cortisol and DHEA-S. aMMP-8 test result might be associated with DHEA-S level. Nutritional status seems to influence periodontal disease in adolescents. CLINICAL RELEVANCE DHEA-S and BMI-SDS show associations with early signs of periodontal disease in adolescents aged 10 to 18 years. This association should be confirmed by the investigation of high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schmidt
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pia Strecker
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Kreuz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Löffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany.,LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthalstrasse 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthalstrasse 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthalstrasse 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Hirsch
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joachim Thiery
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Paul-List-Strasse 13/15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ronny Baber
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthalstrasse 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Paul-List-Strasse 13/15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yoon Ju Bae
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Paul-List-Strasse 13/15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kratzsch
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Paul-List-Strasse 13/15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rainer Haak
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Ziebolz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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Kaiser F, Donos N, Henderson B, Alagarswamy R, Pelekos G, Boniface D, Nibali L. Association between circulating levels of heat-shock protein 27 and aggressive periodontitis. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:847-856. [PMID: 29766408 PMCID: PMC6111086 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0891-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock protein (Hsp) 27 is a major intracellular molecular chaperone and controller of intracellular responses to inflammatory signals. In the extracellular space, recombinant Hsp27 has been described to exert anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of this study was to assess the association between circulating levels of Hsp27 and different types of periodontitis. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the stress proteins Hsp27 and Hsp60 with proposed anti- and pro-inflammatory properties, respectively, were measured by two-site ELISA in the serum of patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP, n = 30), chronic periodontitis (CP, n = 29) and periodontally healthy controls (H, n = 28). Furthermore, Hsp27 and Hsp60 levels were also measured longitudinally in 12 AgP patients at 6 time points up to 3 months after treatment. AgP patients had lower levels of Hsp27 compared to CP patients and healthy subjects (adjusted one-way ANOVA, p < 0.001, followed by post hoc Tukey HSD comparisons), while no differences in levels of Hsp60 or cytokines between the three groups were detected. In CP patients and H subjects, the systemic Hsp27 levels correlated with Hsp60 (r = 0.43, p < 0.001; r = 0.59, p < 0.001, respectively) and with pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α (r = 0.48, p < 0.001; r = 0.55, p < 0.001, respectively) and IL-6 (r = 0.44, p < 0.01). However, no such correlations were detected in AgP cases. No consistent temporal patterns of changes of Hsp27 concentration were detected across AgP patients following periodontal treatment. This study provides the first evidence that Hsp27 may be differentially expressed and regulated in AgP patients as compared with CP patients and healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Kaiser
- Department of Microbial Diseases, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nikos Donos
- Centre for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, Turner Street E1 2AD, London, UK
| | - Brian Henderson
- Department of Microbial Diseases, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rajesh Alagarswamy
- Department of Microbial Diseases, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - George Pelekos
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - David Boniface
- Biostatistics Unit, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Luigi Nibali
- Centre for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, Turner Street E1 2AD, London, UK.
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Peyyala R, Emecen-Huja P, Ebersole JL. Environmental lead effects on gene expression in oral epithelial cells. J Periodontal Res 2018; 53:961-971. [PMID: 30152021 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Host responses in periodontitis span a range of local and emigrating cell types and biomolecules. Accumulating evidence regarding the expression of this disease across the population suggests some component of genetic variation that controls onset and severity of disease, in concert with the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the oral microbiome at sites of disease. However, there remains little information regarding the capacity of accruing environmental stressors or modifiers over a lifespan at both the host genetic and microbial ecology levels to understand fully the population variation in disease. This study evaluated the impact of environmental lead exposure on the responses of oral epithelial cells to challenge with a model pathogenic oral biofilm. METHODS AND RESULTS Using NanoString technology to quantify gene expression profiles of an array of 511 host response-associated genes in the epithelial cells, we identified an interesting primary panel of basal responses of the cells with numerous genes not previously considered as major response markers for epithelial cells, eg, interleukin (IL)-32, CTNNB1, CD59, MIF, CD44 and CD99. Even high levels of environment lead had little effect on these constitutive responses. Challenge of the cells with the biofilms (Streptococcus gordonii/Fusobacterium nucleatum/Porphyromonas gingivalis) resulted in significant increases in an array of host immune-related genes (134 of 511). The greatest magnitude in differential expression was observed with many genes not previously described as major response genes in epithelial cells, including IL-32, CD44, NFKBIA, CTSC, TNFAIP3, IL-1A, IL-1B, IL-8 and CCL20. The effects of environmental lead on responses to the biofilms were mixed, although levels of IL-8, CCL20 and CD70 were significantly decreased at lead concentrations of 1 and/or 5 μmol/L. CONCLUSION The results provided new information on a portfolio of genes expressed by oral epithelial cells, targeted substantial increases in an array of immune-related genes post-biofilm challenge, and a focused impact of environmental lead on these induced responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Peyyala
- Center for Oral Health Research and Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Pinar Emecen-Huja
- Center for Oral Health Research and Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Jeffrey L Ebersole
- Center for Oral Health Research and Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Trombelli L, Farina R, Silva CO, Tatakis DN. Plaque-induced gingivitis: Case definition and diagnostic considerations. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45 Suppl 20:S44-S67. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Trombelli
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
- Operative Unit of Dentistry; University-Hospital of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Roberto Farina
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
- Operative Unit of Dentistry; University-Hospital of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | | | - Dimitris N. Tatakis
- Division of Periodontology; College of Dentistry; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
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The ratios of pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokines in the serum of chronic periodontitis patients with and without type 2 diabetes and/or smoking habit. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:641-650. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2471-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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29
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Tegels B, Oliver L, Miller D, Marconi R. Plasminogen binding and degradation byTreponema denticola:Identification of the plasminogen binding interface on the FhbB protein. Mol Oral Microbiol 2018; 33:249-256. [DOI: 10.1111/omi.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B.K. Tegels
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center; Richmond VA USA
| | - L.D. Oliver
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center; Richmond VA USA
| | - D.P. Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center; Richmond VA USA
| | - R.T. Marconi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center; Richmond VA USA
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30
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Ghallab NA. Diagnostic potential and future directions of biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva of periodontal diseases: Review of the current evidence. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 87:115-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Concentration of MMP-8 and IL-1β in gingival crevicular fluid in patients with chronic and aggressive periodontitis. Cent Eur J Immunol 2017; 42:342-346. [PMID: 29472810 PMCID: PMC5820986 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2017.72824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern research confirms the role of inflammatory mediators in the pathomechanism of periodontal tissue destruction. The aim of the study was to determine concentrations of MMP-8 and IL-1β in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in patients with advanced chronic and aggressive periodontitis. The authors measured the concentrations of the above inflammatory mediators in gingival crevicular fluid of deep pockets (PD ≥ 6 mm) and shallow pockets (PD 4-5 mm) in 33 patients with advanced chronic periodontitis and in 16 patients with aggressive periodontitis. The control group consisted of 16 individuals with healthy periodontium. In all patients levels of MMP-8 and IL-1β in GCF were determined with the ELISA method. The study showed significantly higher concentrations of MMP-8 and IL-1β in GCF of both deep and shallow pockets in patients with periodontitis compared to healthy subjects. No difference in concentrations of the tested mediators was observed with reference to diagnosis of aggressive periodontitis (AP) or chronic periodontitis (CP).
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32
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Gunjiganur Vemanaradhya G, Emani S, Mehta DS, Bhandari S. Effect of 1.2% of simvastatin gel as a local drug delivery system on Gingival Crevicular Fluid interleukin-6 & interleukin-8 levels in non surgical treatment of chronic periodontitis patients. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 82:55-61. [PMID: 28601733 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of 1.2% simvastatin gel as local drug delivery (LDD) system on Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) Interleukin -6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels in chronic periodontitis patients, in addition to scaling and root planing (SRP). METHODS A total of 46 chronic periodontitis patients were equally divided into two groups. Group I patients were treated by SRP; Group II patients were treated by SRP followed by LDD of 1.2% simvastatin (SMV) gel. Plaque index (PI), Gingival index(GI), Sulcus Bleeding Index (SBI), Probing pocket depth (PPD) and Relative clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded & GCF samples were collected at baseline (0day) and at 45th day from both the groups. The collected GCF samples were analysed for IL-6 and IL-8 levels with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Both the groups showed significant reduction in all the clinical parameters scores and IL-6 and IL-8 levels after non-surgical periodontal therapy (SRP for group I/SRP+1.2% SMV gel for group II) in contrast to baseline values. However, a greater reduction was observed in group II. A non-significant positive correlation was observed between clinical parameters and IL-6 and IL-8 levels except at baseline, a significant correlation was observed between PPD &IL 6 levels in group II. CONCLUSIONS In adjunct to SRP, 1.2% Simvastatin gel acts as an effective local drug delivery agent for the management of chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shilpa Emani
- Department of Periodontics, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, 577004, Karnataka, India.
| | - Dhoom Singh Mehta
- Department of Periodontics, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, 577004, Karnataka, India.
| | - Shilpy Bhandari
- Department of Periodontics, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, 577004, Karnataka, India.
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Zekeridou A, Giannopoulou C, Cancela J, Courvoisier D, Mombelli A. Effect of initial periodontal therapy on gingival crevicular fluid cytokine profile in subjects with chronic periodontitis. Clin Exp Dent Res 2017; 3:62-68. [PMID: 29744180 PMCID: PMC5719814 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Because periodontal disease is known for its inhomogeneous distribution within the dentition, it is unclear to what extent the detection of various cytokines at different sites correlates with presence of disease. We evaluated whether levels of 12 cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) discriminated periodontally diseased sites from healthy ones, or periodontally diseased persons from healthy ones, and assessed the impact of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on these readings. This study included 20 periodontally healthy persons (H) and 24 patients with chronic periodontitis (P). In every participant, we measured the plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth (PD), bleeding on probing, and recession at six sites of every tooth. GCF was collected with Durapore® filter strips from two healthy sites (PD<4 mm; HH) in group H, and from two periodontally diseased sites (PD≥5 mm; PP) and two periodontally healthy sites (PD≤3 mm; PH) in group P. The periodontally diseased participants underwent comprehensive nonsurgical periodontal therapy including deep scaling and root planing under local anesthesia. In these participants, GCF samples were again collected at the same sites 1 and 3 months after therapy. Twelve cytokines (il‐1β, il‐1ra, il‐6, il‐8, il‐17, b‐fgf, g‐csf, gm‐csf, ifn‐γ, mip‐1β, vegf, and tnf‐α) were assessed using the Bio‐Plex suspension array system. Mean plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, PD, and recession were significantly different between groups H and P. Differences between PP and PH sites were not significant for any of the cytokines. Il‐1ra, il‐6, il‐17, b‐fgf, gm‐csf, mip‐1β, and tnf‐α differed significantly between HH sites and both PH and PP sites, whereas il‐8 was significantly higher only at PP sites. Periodontal treatment increased gm‐csf and decreased il‐1ra levels in PP sites. Il‐1ra, il‐6, il‐8, il‐17, b‐fgf, gm‐csf, mip‐1β, and tnf‐α identified patients with chronic periodontitis, rather than diseased sites, suggesting a generalized inflammatory state that is not limited to clinically diseased sites only.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zekeridou
- School of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology University of Geneva Rue Barthélemy-Menn 19 CH-1205 Geneva Switzerland
| | - C Giannopoulou
- School of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology University of Geneva Rue Barthélemy-Menn 19 CH-1205 Geneva Switzerland
| | - J Cancela
- School of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology University of Geneva Rue Barthélemy-Menn 19 CH-1205 Geneva Switzerland
| | - D Courvoisier
- Division of Rheumatology University Hospitals of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Mombelli
- School of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology University of Geneva Rue Barthélemy-Menn 19 CH-1205 Geneva Switzerland
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Gunpinar S, Alptekin NO, Dundar N. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in patients with aggressive periodontitis. Oral Dis 2017; 23:763-769. [PMID: 28231622 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and whether GCF MCP-1 levels differ among localized (L) AgP and generalized (G) AgP. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 160 subjects including 80 AgP and 80 age- and gender-matched periodontally healthy (H) controls were recruited in this cross-sectional study (NCT02927704). GCF samples were collected from 160 patients including 50 LAgP, 30 GAgP, and 80 H. Volume of GCF was measured by Periotron 8000® , and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to assess MCP-1 levels. RESULTS Compared to H controls, all clinical parameters and total amounts (pg 30 s-1 ) of MCP-1 were significantly higher in subjects with LAgP and GAgP (P < 0.05). Although concentrations of GCF MCP-1 did not differ between LAgP and GAgP (P > 0.05), total amounts of MCP-1 were higher in GAgP than LAgP (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION It can be concluded that the total amount of MCP-1 level in GCF may be a potential determinant in AgP subjects. Increased MCP-1 levels in line with the degree of periodontal destruction in GAgP patients reveal that MCP-1 can be used to understand the disease pathogenesis of LAgP and GAgP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gunpinar
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - N O Alptekin
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - N Dundar
- Research Center of Dental Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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35
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PIRIM GORGUN E, TOKER H, KORKMAZ EM, POYRAZ O. IL-6 and IL-10 gene polymorphisms in patients with aggressive periodontitis: effects on GCF, serum and clinic parameters. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e12. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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36
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Haro A, Saxlin T, Suominen AL, Jula A, Knuuttila M, Ylöstalo P. Serum lipids modify periodontal infection - interleukin-6 association. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 44:275-282. [PMID: 28032903 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate whether the systemic response against a local inflammatory process in periodontium is dependent on the individual's serum lipid composition. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study was based on a subpopulation of the Health 2000 Survey that included 878 subjects who were aged between 45 and 64 years, dentate, non-diabetic and non-rheumatic. The inflammatory condition of periodontium was measured by means of the number of teeth with deepened (4 mm or deeper) periodontal pockets. Systemic inflammation was assessed by means of the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). The association between an inflammatory condition in the periodontium and the systemic inflammatory response was analysed using linear regression models. RESULTS The number of teeth with deepened periodontal pockets was associated with elevated serum IL-6 levels among subjects with an unfavourable lipid composition (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥3.7 mmol/l or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <1.3 mmol/l). There was no association between serum TNF-α levels and the number of teeth with deepened periodontal pockets in these data. CONCLUSION The systemic response against the inflammatory condition of periodontium varied between individuals. The variation appeared to be dependent on the serum lipid composition or related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniina Haro
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,City of Äänekoski, Public Health Centre, Oral Health Care Services, Äänekoski, Finland
| | - Tuomas Saxlin
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna Liisa Suominen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,The Living Environment and Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland.,The Health Monitoring Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Knuuttila
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and Oulu University, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pekka Ylöstalo
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and Oulu University, Oulu, Finland
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Nazar Majeed Z, Philip K, Alabsi AM, Pushparajan S, Swaminathan D. Identification of Gingival Crevicular Fluid Sampling, Analytical Methods, and Oral Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:1804727. [PMID: 28074077 PMCID: PMC5198140 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1804727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background. Several studies in the last decades have focused on finding a precise method for the diagnosis of periodontal disease in its early stages. Aim. To evaluate from current scientific literature the most common and precise method for gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) sample collection, biomarker analytical methods, and the variability of biomarker quantification, even when using the same analytical technique. Methodology. An electronic search was conducted on in vivo studies that presented clinical data on techniques used for GCF collection and biomarker analysis. Results. The results showed that 71.1%, 24.7%, and 4.1% of the studies used absorption, microcapillary, and washing techniques, respectively, in their gingival crevicular fluid collection. 73.1% of the researchers analyzed their samples by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 22.6%, 19.5%, and 18.5% of the researchers included interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), respectively, in their studies as biomarkers for periodontal disease. Conclusion. IL-1β can be considered among the most common biomarkers that give precise results and can be used as an indicator of periodontal disease progression. Furthermore, paper strips are the most convenient and accurate method for gingival crevicular fluid collection, while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay can be considered the most conventional method for the diagnosis of biofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyad Nazar Majeed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Koshy Philip
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A. M. Alabsi
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saravanan Pushparajan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dasan Swaminathan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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38
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Zhang Q, Chen B, Zhu D, Yan F. Biomarker levels in gingival crevicular fluid of subjects with different periodontal conditions: A cross-sectional study. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 72:92-98. [PMID: 27565354 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare five biomarker levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in different tooth-sites of subjects with healthy periodontium, aggressive periodontitis and severe chronic periodontitis, and to evaluate the value of these biomarker levels for diagnosis of the type and activity of periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prior to therapy, GCF samples were collected using filter paper strip at different tooth-sites of 10 subjects with healthy periodontium (H), 15 with severe chronic periodontitis (CP) and 15 with aggressive periodontitis (AgP). The strips were weighed and the periodontal clinical parameters were recorded. Levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in GCF were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The volumes of the GCF samples obtained in CP and AgP subjects were significantly higher than those from subjects with healthy periodontium (P<0.05). Levels of IL-6, TNF-α, CRP and ALP were significantly higher in the untreated disease sites in the CP and AgP groups compared to those in control sites in the H group, while IL-10 levels were lower in the CP and AgP groups than those in the control sites in the H group. However, the levels of all five biomarker levels showed significant correlation with the clinical parameters. CONCLUSION The measurement of five biomarker levels in GCF may facilitate overall screening of periodontitis patients in epidemiological studies and allow estimation of periodontitis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Dinggui Zhu
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China.
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39
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Shirmohamadi A, Chitsazi MT, Faramarzi M, Salari A, Naser Alavi F, Pashazadeh N. Effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on transferrin serum levels in patients with chronic periodontitis. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2016; 10:169-75. [PMID: 27651883 PMCID: PMC5025218 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2016.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Transferrin is a negative acute phase protein, which decreases during inflammation and infection. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate changes in the transferrin serum levels subsequent to non-surgical treatment of chronic periodontal disease. Methods. Twenty patients with chronic periodontitis and 20 systemically healthy subjects without periodontal disease, who had referred to Tabriz Faculty of Dentistry, were selected. Transferrin serum levels and clinical periodontal parameters (pocket depth, clinical attachment level, gingival index, bleeding index and plaque index) were measured at baseline and 3 months after non-surgical periodontal treatment. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistical methods (means ± standard deviations). Independent samples t-test was used to compare transferrin serum levels and clinical variables between the test and control groups. Paired samples t-test was used in the test group for comparisons before and after treatment. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results. The mean transferrin serum level in patients with chronic periodontitis (213.1 ± 9.2 mg/dL) was significantly less than that in periodontally healthy subjects (307.8 ± 11.7 mg/dL). Three months after periodontal treatment, the transferrin serum level increased significantly (298.3 ± 7.6 mg/dL) and approached the levels in periodontally healthy subjects (P < 0.05). Conclusion. The decrease and increase in transferrin serum levels with periodontal disease and periodontal treatment, respectively, indicated an inverse relationship between transferrin serum levels and chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adileh Shirmohamadi
- Professor, Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohamad Taghi Chitsazi
- Professor, Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Faramarzi
- Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ashkan Salari
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Naser Alavi
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazila Pashazadeh
- Nurse, Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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EMD in periodontal regenerative surgery modulates cytokine profiles: A randomised controlled clinical trial. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23060. [PMID: 26976446 PMCID: PMC4791659 DOI: 10.1038/srep23060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The enamel matrix derivative (EMD) contains hundreds of peptides in different levels of proteolytic processing that may provide a range of biological effects of importance in wound healing. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of EMD and its fractions on the cytokine profiles from human gingival fibroblasts in vitro and in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in a randomized controlled split-mouth clinical study (n = 12). Levels of cytokines in cell culture medium and in GCF were measured by Luminex over a 2-week period. In the clinical study, levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were increased, whereas the levels of transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) were reduced. The in vitro study showed that EMD and its high and low molecular weight fractions reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines compared to untreated cells. EMD had an effect on levels of cytokines related to fibroplasia, angiogenesis, inflammation and chemotaxis both in vitro and in vivo, however, the anti-inflammatory effect induced by EMD observed in the in vitro study could not be confirmed clinically.
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Xu L, Wang Y, Nguyen VT, Chen J. Effects of Topical Antibiotic Prophylaxis on Wound Healing After Flapless Implant Surgery: A Pilot Study. J Periodontol 2016; 87:275-80. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ohshima M, Yamaguchi Y, Ambe K, Horie M, Saito A, Nagase T, Nakashima K, Ohki H, Kawai T, Abiko Y, Micke P, Kappert K. Fibroblast VEGF-receptor 1 expression as molecular target in periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43:128-37. [PMID: 26932322 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Degradation of extracellular matrices is an integral part in periodontitis. For antagonizing this pathophysiological mechanism, we aimed at identifying gene expression profiles in disease progression contributing periodontitis-associated fibroblasts (PAFs) versus normal gingival fibroblasts to determine their molecular repertoire, and exploit it for therapeutic intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS Applying an exploratory analysis using a small number of microarrays in combination with a three dimensional (3D) in vitro culture model that incorporates some aspects of periodontitis, PAFs were initially characterized by gene-expression analyses, followed by targeted gene down-regulation and pharmacological intervention in vitro. Further, immunohistochemistry was applied for phosphorylation analyses in tissue specimens. RESULTS PAFs were characterized by 42 genes being commonly up-regulated >1.5-fold, and by five genes that were concordantly down-regulated (<0.7-fold). Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-receptor 1 (Flt-1) was highly enhanced, and was thus further explored in in vitro culture models of periodontal fibroblasts without accounting for the microbiome. Phosphorylation of the VEGF-receptor 1 was enhanced in PAFs. Receptor inhibition by a specific VEGF-receptor inhibitor or intrinsic down-regulation by RNAi of the VEGF-receptor kinase in 3D gel cultures resulted in significant reduction in collagen degradation associated with increased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase expression, suggesting that Flt-1 may contribute to periodontitis. CONCLUSION Based on the finding that VEGF-receptor kinase inhibition impaired collagen degradation pathways, Flt-1 may represent a candidate for therapeutic approaches in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Ohshima
- Department of Biochemistry, Ohu University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamaguchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimiharu Ambe
- Department of Morphological Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masafumi Horie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakashima
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidero Ohki
- First Department of Oral Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- Department of Immunology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yoshimitsu Abiko
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Patrick Micke
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kai Kappert
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Sonnenschein SK, Meyle J. Local inflammatory reactions in patients with diabetes and periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2015; 69:221-54. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Suma S, Naito M, Wakai K, Sasakabe T, Hattori Y, Okada R, Kawai S, Hishida A, Morita E, Nakagawa H, Tamura T, Hamajima N. Effects ofIL6C-634G polymorphism on tooth loss and their interaction with smoking habits. Oral Dis 2015; 21:807-13. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Suma
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - M Naito
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - K Wakai
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - T Sasakabe
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Y Hattori
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - R Okada
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - S Kawai
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - A Hishida
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - E Morita
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - H Nakagawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
- Division of Epidemiology & Prevention; Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute; Nagoya Japan
| | - T Tamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine; Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine; Gifu Japan
| | - N Hamajima
- Department of Healthcare Administration; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
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Gürkan A, Becerik S, Öztürk VÖ, Atmaca H, Atilla G, Emingil G. Interleukin-6 Family of Cytokines in Crevicular Fluid of Renal Transplant Recipients With and Without Cyclosporine A-Induced Gingival Overgrowth. J Periodontol 2015; 86:1069-77. [PMID: 25927423 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-6 family of cytokines, including IL-6, oncostatin M (OSM), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and IL-11, have fibrogenic features. The current study determines gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of fibrosis-related IL-6-type cytokines in cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced gingival overgrowth (GO). METHODS Eighty non-smokers were included (40 CsA-medicated renal transplant patients with GO [GO+; n = 20] or without GO [GO-; n = 20], 20 individuals with gingivitis, and 20 healthy participants). Probing depth and plaque, papilla bleeding, and hyperplastic index scores were recorded. GCF samples were obtained from the mesio-buccal aspects of two teeth. GCF IL-6, IL-1β, OSM, LIF, and IL-11 levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The GO+ and GO- groups had higher IL-6 total amounts than the healthy group (P <0.008). IL-1β total amounts in the GO+ group were significantly higher than in both the healthy and GO- groups (P <0.008). OSM total amount was elevated in the GO+ and GO- groups compared with both the gingivitis and healthy groups (P <0.008). All groups had similar LIF and IL-11 total amounts (P >0.008). Moderate positive correlations were detected among IL-6, IL-1β, OSM, and IL-11 total amount in GCF and clinical parameters (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS IL-6 and OSM increases in GCF as a result of CsA usage or an immunosuppressed state irrespective of the severity of inflammation and the presence of GO. The IL-6 family of cytokines might not be directly involved in biologic mechanisms associated with CsA-induced GO. Lack of an association between assessed IL-6 cytokines and CsA-induced GO might indicate distinct effects of these cytokines on fibrotic changes of different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gürkan
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sema Becerik
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Veli Özgen Öztürk
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Harika Atmaca
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Gül Atilla
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gülnur Emingil
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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Shivaprasad BM, Pradeep AR. Correlation of the interleukin-29 levels in crevicular fluid and plasma with the genetic polymorphism in chronic and aggressive periodontitis patients. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:37-44. [PMID: 25255471 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on the Interleukin (IL-29) quantity in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and plasma of chronic and aggressive periodontitis patients. DESIGN Patients with periodontal health (n=30), chronic generalized periodontitis (n=30) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (n=30) were subjected to IL-29 quantity estimation in GCF and plasma using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and was correlated with IL-29 SNP (rs30461) using polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS IL-29 concentration in GCF and plasma was highest in aggressive periodontitis patients (114.17 ± 95.07pg/ml and 149.69 ± 109.90pg/ml respectively). The least concentration was found in subjects with healthy periodontium (47.50 ± 37.75pg/ml and 54.52 ± 37.53pg/ml) and in chronic periodontitis it was found to be 65.01 ± 41.26pg/ml and 81.17 ± 46.23pg/ml. The difference in the quantity of IL-29 in GCF and plasma among different groups was statistically significant (p<0.001 and p<0.001 respectively). rs30461 polymorphism of IL-29 analysis revealed that difference in the prevalence of A/A, A/G and G/G genotype among three groups was not statistically significant (p=0.097). CONCLUSION Increased quantity of IL-29 in GCF and plasma of subjects with periodontitis suggests a role in pathogenesis of periodontitis and the SNP (rs30461) is not related to susceptibility to periodontitis in this population of Indian individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Shivaprasad
- Ph.D Research Scholar, Department of Periodontology, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India; Reader, Department of Periodontology, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, India.
| | - A R Pradeep
- Professor and Head, Department of Periodontology, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India.
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Schmidt J, Jentsch H, Stingu CS, Sack U. General immune status and oral microbiology in patients with different forms of periodontitis and healthy control subjects. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109187. [PMID: 25299619 PMCID: PMC4192146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Immunological processes in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis, especially the aggressive form, are not well understood. This study examined clinical as well as systemic immunological and local microbiological features in healthy controls and patients with different forms of periodontitis. Materials and Methods 14 healthy subjects, 15 patients diagnosed with aggressive periodontitis, and 11 patients with chronic periodontitis were recruited. Periodontal examination was performed and peripheral blood was collected from each patient. Lymphocyte populations as well as the release of cytokines by T-helper cells were determined by flow cytometry and enzyme linked immunosorbent spot assay. Subgingival plaque samples were taken from each individual and immediately cultivated for microbiological examination. Results When stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with lipopolysaccharide, a higher IL-1β release was found in patients with moderate chronic periodontitis compared to the other groups (p<0.01). Numbers of B-cells, naïve and transitional B-cells, memory B-cells, and switched memory B-cells were within the reference range for all groups, but patients with chronic periodontitis showed the highest percentage of memory B-cells without class switch (p = 0.01). The subgingival plaque differed quantitatively as well as qualitatively with a higher number of Gram-negative anaerobic species in periodontitis patients. Prevotella denticola was found more often in patients with aggressive periodontitis (p<0.001) but did not show an association to any of the systemic immunological findings. Porphyromonas gingivalis, which was only found in patients with moderate chronic periodontitis, seems to be associated with an activation of the systemic immune response. Conclusion Differences between aggressive periodontitis and moderate chronic periodontitis are evident, which raises the question of an inadequate balance between systemic immune response and bacterial infection in aggressive periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schmidt
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Holger Jentsch
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Catalina-Suzana Stingu
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sack
- Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Keles ZP, Keles GC, Avci B, Cetinkaya BO, Emingil G. Analysis of YKL-40 Acute-Phase Protein and Interleukin-6 Levels in Periodontal Disease. J Periodontol 2014; 85:1240-6. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.130631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Khongkhunthian S, Kongtawelert P, Ongchai S, Pothacharoen P, Sastraruji T, Jotikasthira D, Krisanaprakornkit S. Comparisons between two biochemical markers in evaluating periodontal disease severity: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2014; 14:107. [PMID: 25174345 PMCID: PMC4236641 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to compare two biochemical markers, which have been previously used to determine the degrees of alveolar bone destruction, in evaluating periodontal disease severity. Methods The WF6 epitope of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were determined in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples collected from patients with various degrees of disease severity, including ten patients with gingivitis (50 gingivitis sites) and 33 patients with chronic periodontitis (including gingivitis, slight, moderate, and severe periodontitis sites; n = 50 each), as well as from ten healthy volunteers (50 healthy sites) by Periopaper strips. The levels of CS and ALP were measured by an ELISA and a fluorometric assay, respectively. Results The results demonstrated low levels of CS and ALP in non-destructive and slightly destructive periodontitis sites, whereas significantly high levels of these two biomolecules were shown in moderately and severely destructive sites (p < 0.05). Although a significant difference in CS levels was found between moderate and severe periodontitis sites, no difference in ALP levels was found. Stronger correlations were found between CS levels and periodontal parameters, including probing depth, loss of clinical attachment levels, gingival index and plaque index, than between ALP levels and these parameters. Conclusions It is suggested that the CS level is a better diagnostic marker than the ALP level for evaluating distinct severity of chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Suttichai Krisanaprakornkit
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Chakraborty S, Tewari S, Sharma RK, Narula SC. Effect of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy on Serum Ferritin Levels: An Interventional Study. J Periodontol 2014; 85:688-96. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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