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Blancas Sánchez IM, Aristizábal-Duque CH, Cabeza JF, Vaquero Álvarez M, Aparicio-Martínez P, Abellán MV, Ruíz Ortiz M, Mesa Rubio MD, Fonseca del Pozo FJ. Influence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Metabolic Syndrome on Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness in Rural Spanish Children and Adolescents. Nutrients 2024; 16:3321. [PMID: 39408289 PMCID: PMC11479227 DOI: 10.3390/nu16193321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2024] [Revised: 09/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The presence of visceral adipose tissue implies a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases than subcutaneous adiposity, the most dangerous heart fat. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) could have great potential as a detection indicator of cardiovascular diseases, although it has seldom been studied in Spanish children. OBJECTIVE The objective of the current research was to describe the values of EAT in a Spanish pediatric population and to investigate the associations between EAT and anthropometric measures, blood pressure, lipid and glucose profiles, and metabolic syndrome. METHOD An analytical cross-sectional study of elementary and high school students (aged 6 to 17) measured anthropometrics, blood pressure, lipid and glycemic profiles, and echocardiographic fat thickness. The analysis was based on regression and discriminant analysis. RESULTS The results of this study (N = 227) showed that the body mass index (BMI) was 20.29 ± 4.54, with an overweight set of 49.77%, and the percentage for metabolic syndrome was 5.3%. EAT was linked to being male, BMI percentile, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio (p < 0.001), hypertension, higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, and metabolic syndrome (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This paper argues that in children with higher elevated EAT thickness values, this correlates with cardiovascular risk factors including high blood pressure, elevated LDL levels, and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel María Blancas Sánchez
- Centro de Salud de Occidente Azahara, Street Campo, 14005 Córdoba, Spain;
- Grupo Investigación GC09 Nutrigenomics, Metabolic Syndrome, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Cristhian H. Aristizábal-Duque
- Cardiology Department, Reina Sofia’s University Hospital, Av. Menéndez Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (C.H.A.-D.); (J.F.C.); (M.R.O.); (M.D.M.R.)
| | - Juan Fernández Cabeza
- Cardiology Department, Reina Sofia’s University Hospital, Av. Menéndez Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (C.H.A.-D.); (J.F.C.); (M.R.O.); (M.D.M.R.)
| | - Manuel Vaquero Álvarez
- Grupo Investigación GC09 Nutrigenomics, Metabolic Syndrome, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Pilar Aparicio-Martínez
- Grupo Investigación GE10 Clinical and Epidemiological Research in Primary Care, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (P.A.-M.); (F.J.F.d.P.)
- Departamento de Enfermería, Farmacología y Fisioterapia, Campus de Menéndez Pidal, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Vaquero Abellán
- Grupo Investigación GE10 Clinical and Epidemiological Research in Primary Care, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (P.A.-M.); (F.J.F.d.P.)
- Departamento de Enfermería, Farmacología y Fisioterapia, Campus de Menéndez Pidal, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Martín Ruíz Ortiz
- Cardiology Department, Reina Sofia’s University Hospital, Av. Menéndez Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (C.H.A.-D.); (J.F.C.); (M.R.O.); (M.D.M.R.)
- Grupo Investigación GC15 Cardiovascular Diseases, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Internacional Isabel I de Castilla, Campus Fernán González, 09003 Burgos, Spain
| | - María Dolores Mesa Rubio
- Cardiology Department, Reina Sofia’s University Hospital, Av. Menéndez Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (C.H.A.-D.); (J.F.C.); (M.R.O.); (M.D.M.R.)
- Grupo Investigación GC15 Cardiovascular Diseases, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Fonseca del Pozo
- Grupo Investigación GE10 Clinical and Epidemiological Research in Primary Care, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (P.A.-M.); (F.J.F.d.P.)
- Distrito Sanitario Córdoba Guadalquivir, Noroeste, 14011 Córdoba, Spain
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