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Wheeler BD, Gagnon JD, Zhu WS, Muñoz-Sandoval P, Wong SK, Simeonov DS, Li Z, DeBarge R, Spitzer MH, Marson A, Ansel KM. The lncRNA Malat1 inhibits miR-15/16 to enhance cytotoxic T cell activation and memory cell formation. eLife 2023; 12:RP87900. [PMID: 38127070 PMCID: PMC10735224 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper activation of cytotoxic T cells via the T cell receptor and the costimulatory receptor CD28 is essential for adaptive immunity against viruses, intracellular bacteria, and cancers. Through biochemical analysis of RNA:protein interactions, we uncovered a non-coding RNA circuit regulating activation and differentiation of cytotoxic T cells composed of the long non-coding RNA Malat1 (Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1) and the microRNA family miR-15/16. miR-15/16 is a widely and highly expressed tumor suppressor miRNA family important for cell proliferation and survival. miR-15/16 play important roles in T cell responses to viral infection, including the regulation of antigen-specific T cell expansion and memory. Comparative Argonaute-2 high-throughput sequencing of crosslinking immunoprecipitation (AHC) combined with gene expression profiling in normal and miR-15/16-deficient mouse T cells revealed a large network of hundreds of direct miR-15/16 target mRNAs, many with functional relevance for T cell activation, survival and memory formation. Among these targets, Malat1 contained the largest absolute magnitude miR-15/16-dependent AHC peak. This binding site was among the strongest lncRNA:miRNA interactions detected in the T cell transcriptome. We used CRISPR targeting with homology directed repair to generate mice with a 5-nucleotide mutation in the miR-15/16-binding site in Malat1. This mutation interrupted Malat1:miR-15/16 interaction, and enhanced the repression of other miR-15/16 target genes, including CD28. Interrupting Malat1 interaction with miR-15/16 decreased cytotoxic T cell activation, including the expression of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and a broader CD28-responsive gene program. Accordingly, Malat1 mutation diminished memory cell persistence in mice following LCMV Armstrong and Listeria monocytogenes infection. This study marks a significant advance in the study of long non-coding RNAs in the immune system by ascribing cell-intrinsic, sequence-specific in vivo function to Malat1. These findings have implications for T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases, antiviral and anti-tumor immunity, as well as lung adenocarcinoma and other malignancies where Malat1 is overexpressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Wheeler
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Program, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - John D Gagnon
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Program, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Wandi S Zhu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Program, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Priscila Muñoz-Sandoval
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Program, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Simon K Wong
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Dimitre S Simeonov
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Zhongmei Li
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic ImmunologySan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Rachel DeBarge
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic ImmunologySan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Matthew H Spitzer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic ImmunologySan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Alexander Marson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic ImmunologySan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Medicine, University of California San FranciscoLexingtonUnited States
| | - K Mark Ansel
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Program, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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2
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Hirner-Eppeneder H, Öcal E, Stechele M, Öcal O, Gu S, Kimm MA, Wildgruber M, Salvermoser L, Kazmierczak P, Corradini S, Rudelius M, Piontek G, Pech M, Goldberg SN, Ricke J, Alunni-Fabbroni M. Post-therapeutic microRNA-146a in liquid biopsies may determine prognosis in metastatic gastrointestinal cancer patients receiving 90Y-radioembolization. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:13017-13026. [PMID: 37466799 PMCID: PMC10587196 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of microRNA-146a (miR-146a) in defining the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is well established. The aim of this study was to evaluate circulating miR-146a as an early prognostic marker of 90Y-radioembolization (90Y-RE) in metastatic liver cancer and to assess the correlation between circulating miR-146a and TIME cellular composition in distant, yet untreated metastases. METHODS Twenty-one patients with bilobar liver lesions from gastro-intestinal cancer underwent lobar 90Y-RE. Biopsy of contralateral lobe abscopal tumors was acquired at the onset of a second treatment session at a median of 21 days after initial RE, immediately prior to ablation therapy of the contralateral lobe tumor. miR-146a was measured by RT-qPCR in plasma collected 24 h before (T1) and 48 h after (T2) initial unilobar 90Y-RE. The level of miR-146a was correlated with the infiltration of CD4 + , CD8 + , FoxP3 T cells, CD163 + M2 macrophages and immune-exhausted T cells in the abscopal tumor tissue acquired before the second treatment session. RESULTS Plasma samples collected at T2 showed a higher concentration of miR-146a with respect to T1 in 43% of the patients (p = 0.002). In these patients, tumors revealed a pro-tumorigenic immune composition with enrichment of Tim3 + immune exhausted cells (p = 0.021), in combination with a higher infiltration of CD163 + M2 macrophages and a lower infiltration of CD8 + T cells. Patients with a higher level of miR-146a after 90Y-RE showed a trend to shorter OS (p = 0.055). CONCLUSION miR-146a may represent a novel prognostic biomarker for 90Y-radioembolization in metastatic liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Hirner-Eppeneder
- Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Elif Öcal
- Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Stechele
- Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Osman Öcal
- Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sijing Gu
- Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie A Kimm
- Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Wildgruber
- Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Salvermoser
- Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Kazmierczak
- Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Corradini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Rudelius
- Department of Pathology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Guido Piontek
- Department of Pathology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maciej Pech
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - S Nahum Goldberg
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy and Division of Image-Guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jens Ricke
- Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Marianna Alunni-Fabbroni
- Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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3
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Autin P, Deshayes S, Lea J, Boisgerault N, Dupré E, Labarrière N, Leguevel R, Fonteneau JF, Blanquart C, Fradin D. The DCMU Herbicide Shapes T-cell Functions By Modulating Micro-RNA Expression Profiles. Front Immunol 2022; 13:925241. [PMID: 35967413 PMCID: PMC9366666 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.925241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
DCMU [N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-dimethylurea] or diuron is a widely used herbicide, which can cause adverse effects on human, especially on immune cells, due to their intrinsic properties and wide distribution. These cells are important for fighting not only against virus or bacteria but also against neoplastic cell development. We developed an approach that combines functional studies and miRNA and RNA sequencing data to evaluate the effects of DCMU on the human immune response against cancer, particularly the one carried out by CD8+ T cells. We found that DCMU modulates the expression of miRNA in a dose-dependent manner, leading to a specific pattern of gene expression and consequently to a diminished cytokine and granzyme B secretions. Using mimics or anti-miRs, we identified several miRNA, such as hsa-miR-3135b and hsa-miR-21-5p, that regulate these secretions. All these changes reduce the CD8+ T cells’ cytotoxic activity directed against cancer cells, in vitro and in vivo in a zebrafish model. To conclude, our study suggests that DCMU reduces T-cell abilities, participating thus to the establishment of an environment conducive to cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Autin
- Nantes Université, INSERM UMR1307, CNRS UMR6075, Université d’Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Deshayes
- Nantes Université, INSERM UMR1307, CNRS UMR6075, Université d’Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
| | - Juliette Lea
- Université de Rennes, ImPACcell Plateform, BIOSIT, Rennes, France
| | - Nicolas Boisgerault
- Nantes Université, INSERM UMR1307, CNRS UMR6075, Université d’Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
| | - Emilie Dupré
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302/EMR6001, Nantes, France
| | - Nathalie Labarrière
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302/EMR6001, Nantes, France
| | - Rémy Leguevel
- Université de Rennes, ImPACcell Plateform, BIOSIT, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-François Fonteneau
- Nantes Université, INSERM UMR1307, CNRS UMR6075, Université d’Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
| | - Christophe Blanquart
- Nantes Université, INSERM UMR1307, CNRS UMR6075, Université d’Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
| | - Delphine Fradin
- Nantes Université, INSERM UMR1307, CNRS UMR6075, Université d’Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
- *Correspondence: Delphine Fradin,
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4
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Rashidi S, Mansouri R, Ali-Hassanzadeh M, Ghani E, Karimazar M, Muro A, Nguewa P, Manzano-Román R. miRNAs in the regulation of mTOR signaling and host immune responses: The case of Leishmania infections. Acta Trop 2022; 231:106431. [PMID: 35367408 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Micro RNAs (miRNAs), as regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, can respond to/or interact with cell signaling and affect the pathogenesis of different diseases/infections. The interaction/crosstalk of miRNAs with various cellular signaling networks including mTOR (as a master regulator of signaling relevant to different cellular mechanisms) might lead to the initiation, progression or restriction of certain disease processes. There are numerous studies that have identified the crosstalk between regulatory miRNA expression and the mTOR pathway (or mTOR signaling regulated by miRNAs) in different diseases which has a dual function in pathogenesis. However, the corresponding information in parasitic infections remains scarce. miRNAs have been suggested as specific targets for therapeutic strategies in several disorders such as parasitic infections. Thus, the targeting of miRNAs (as the modulators/regulators of mTOR) by small molecules and RNA-based therapeutics and consequently managing and modulating mTOR signaling and the downstream/related cell signaling/pathways might shed some light on the design of new therapeutic strategies against parasitic diseases, including Leishmaniasis. Accordingly, the present study attempts to highlight the importance of the crosstalk between regulatory miRNAs and mTOR signaling, and to review the relevant insights into parasitic infections by focusing specifically on Leishmania.
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5
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Zandhuis ND, Nicolet BP, Wolkers MC. RNA-Binding Protein Expression Alters Upon Differentiation of Human B Cells and T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:717324. [PMID: 34867946 PMCID: PMC8635512 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.717324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells and T cells are key players in the defence against infections and malignancies. To exert their function, B cells and T cells differentiate into effector and memory cells. Tight regulation of these differentiation processes is key to prevent their malfunction, which can result in life-threatening disease. Lymphocyte differentiation relies on the appropriate timing and dosage of regulatory molecules, and post-transcriptional gene regulation (PTR) is a key player herein. PTR includes the regulation through RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), which control the fate of RNA and its translation into proteins. To date, a comprehensive overview of the RBP expression throughout lymphocyte differentiation is lacking. Using transcriptome and proteome analyses, we here catalogued the RBP expression for human B cells and T cells. We observed that even though the overall RBP expression is conserved, the relative RBP expression is distinct between B cells and T cells. Differentiation into effector and memory cells alters the RBP expression, resulting into preferential expression of different classes of RBPs. For instance, whereas naive T cells express high levels of translation-regulating RBPs, effector T cells preferentially express RBPs that modulate mRNA stability. Lastly, we found that cytotoxic CD8+ and CD4+ T cells express a common RBP repertoire. Combined, our study reveals a cell type-specific and differentiation-dependent RBP expression landscape in human lymphocytes, which will help unravel the role of RBPs in lymphocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nordin D. Zandhuis
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Benoit P. Nicolet
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Monika C. Wolkers
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
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6
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Nicolet BP, Zandhuis ND, Lattanzio VM, Wolkers MC. Sequence determinants as key regulators in gene expression of T cells. Immunol Rev 2021; 304:10-29. [PMID: 34486113 PMCID: PMC9292449 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
T cell homeostasis, T cell differentiation, and T cell effector function rely on the constant fine-tuning of gene expression. To alter the T cell state, substantial remodeling of the proteome is required. This remodeling depends on the intricate interplay of regulatory mechanisms, including post-transcriptional gene regulation. In this review, we discuss how the sequence of a transcript influences these post-transcriptional events. In particular, we review how sequence determinants such as sequence conservation, GC content, and chemical modifications define the levels of the mRNA and the protein in a T cell. We describe the effect of different forms of alternative splicing on mRNA expression and protein production, and their effect on subcellular localization. In addition, we discuss the role of sequences and structures as binding hubs for miRNAs and RNA-binding proteins in T cells. The review thus highlights how the intimate interplay of post-transcriptional mechanisms dictate cellular fate decisions in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit P. Nicolet
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Nordin D. Zandhuis
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - V. Maria Lattanzio
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Monika C. Wolkers
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
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7
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Renrick AN, Thounaojam MC, de Aquino MTP, Chaudhuri E, Pandhare J, Dash C, Shanker A. Bortezomib Sustains T Cell Function by Inducing miR-155-Mediated Downregulation of SOCS1 and SHIP1. Front Immunol 2021; 12:607044. [PMID: 33717088 PMCID: PMC7946819 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.607044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Suppressive mechanisms operating within T cells are linked to immune dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment. We have previously reported using adoptive T cell immunotherapy models that tumor-bearing mice treated with a regimen of proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib - a dipeptidyl boronate, show increased antitumor lymphocyte effector function and survival. Here, we identify a mechanism for the improved antitumor CD8+ T cell function following bortezomib treatment. Intravenous administration of bortezomib at a low dose (1 mg/kg body weight) in wild-type or tumor-bearing mice altered the expression of a number of miRNAs in CD8+ T cells. Specifically, the effect of bortezomib was prominent on miR-155 - a key cellular miRNA involved in T cell function. Importantly, bortezomib-induced upregulation of miR-155 was associated with the downregulation of its targets, the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase (SHIP1). Genetic and biochemical analysis confirmed a functional link between miR-155 and these targets. Moreover, activated CD8+ T cells treated with bortezomib exhibited a significant reduction in programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) expressing SHIP1+ phenotype. These data underscore a mechanism of action by which bortezomib induces miR-155-dependent downregulation of SOCS1 and SHIP1 negative regulatory proteins, leading to a suppressed PD-1-mediated T cell exhaustion. Collectively, data provide novel molecular insights into bortezomib-mediated lymphocyte-stimulatory effects that could overcome immunosuppressive actions of tumor on antitumor T cell functions. The findings support the approach that bortezomib combined with other immunotherapies would lead to improved therapeutic outcomes by overcoming T cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana N Renrick
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States.,School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Menaka C Thounaojam
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Maria Teresa P de Aquino
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Evan Chaudhuri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States.,School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jui Pandhare
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States.,School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States.,Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Chandravanu Dash
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States.,Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Anil Shanker
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Host-Tumor Interactions Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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8
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Wells AC, Pobezinskaya EL, Pobezinsky LA. Non-coding RNAs in CD8 T cell biology. Mol Immunol 2020; 120:67-73. [PMID: 32085976 PMCID: PMC7093237 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CD8 T cells are among the most vigorous soldiers of the immune system that fight viral infections and cancer. CD8 T cell development, maintenance, activation and differentiation are under the tight control of multiple transcriptional and post-transcriptional networks. Over the last two decades it has become clear that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which consist of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), have emerged as global biological regulators. While our understanding of the function of specific miRNAs has increased since the discovery of RNA interference, it is still very limited, and the field of lncRNAs is just starting to blossom. Here we will summarize our knowledge on the role of ncRNAs in CD8 T cell biology, including differentiation into memory and exhausted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria C Wells
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, United States.
| | - Elena L Pobezinskaya
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States.
| | - Leonid A Pobezinsky
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States.
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