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Wang J, He X, Jia Z, Yan A, Xiao K, Liu S, Hou M, Long Y, Ding X. Shenqi Fuzheng injection restores the sensitivity to gefitinib in non-small cell lung cancer by inhibiting the IL-22/STAT3/AKT pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2024; 62:33-41. [PMID: 38100532 PMCID: PMC10732196 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2292266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer. Gefitinib is a first-line treatment for NSCLC. However, its effectiveness is hindered by the development of drug resistance. At present, Shenqi Fuzheng injection (SFI) is widely accepted as an adjuvant therapy in NSCLC. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the molecular mechanism of SFI when combined with gefitinib in regulating cell progression among EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established gefitinib-resistant PC9-GR cells by exposing gefitinib escalation from 10 nM with the indicated concentrations of SFI in PC9 cells (1, 4, and 8 mg/mL). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to assess gene expression. PC9/GR and H1975 cells were treated with 50 ng/mL of interleukin (IL)-22 alone or in combination with 10 mg/mL of SFI. STAT3, p-STAT3, AKT, and p-AKT expression were evaluated using Western blot. The effects on cell proliferation, clonogenicity, and apoptosis in NSCLC cells were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), colony formation and flow cytometry assays. RESULTS SFI treatment alleviated the development of gefitinib resistance in NSCLC. PC9/GR and H1975 cells treated with SFI significantly exhibited a reduction in IL-22 protein and mRNA overexpression levels. SFI effectively counteracted the activation of the STAT3/AKT signaling pathway induced by adding exogenous IL-22 to PC9/GR and H1975 cells. Moreover, IL-22 combined with gefitinib markedly increased cell viability while reducing apoptosis. In contrast, combining SFI with gefitinib and the concurrent treatment of SFI with gefitinib and IL-22 demonstrated the opposite effect. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION SFI can be a valuable therapeutic option to address gefitinib resistance in NSCLC by suppressing the IL-22/STAT3/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianhai He
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhirong Jia
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiwen Yan
- Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College, Jiangsu Food Science College, Huanan, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengjun Hou
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaling Long
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuansheng Ding
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Xu J, Tian L, Qi W, Lv Q, Wang T. Advancements in NSCLC: From Pathophysiological Insights to Targeted Treatments. Am J Clin Oncol 2024; 47:291-303. [PMID: 38375734 PMCID: PMC11107893 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000001088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
With the global incidence of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) on the rise, the development of innovative treatment strategies is increasingly vital. This review underscores the pivotal role of precision medicine in transforming NSCLC management, particularly through the integration of genomic and epigenomic insights to enhance treatment outcomes for patients. We focus on the identification of key gene mutations and examine the evolution and impact of targeted therapies. These therapies have shown encouraging results in improving survival rates and quality of life. Despite numerous gene mutations being identified in association with NSCLC, targeted treatments are available for only a select few. This paper offers an exhaustive analysis of the pathogenesis of NSCLC and reviews the latest advancements in targeted therapeutic approaches. It emphasizes the ongoing necessity for research and development in this domain. In addition, we discuss the current challenges faced in the clinical application of these therapies and the potential directions for future research, including the identification of novel targets and the development of new treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Lin Tian
- Pulmonology Department, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Wenlong Qi
- Pulmonology Department, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Qingguo Lv
- Pulmonology Department, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Tan Wang
- Pulmonology Department, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, P.R. China
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3
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Tufail M, Wan WD, Jiang C, Li N. Targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling to overcome drug resistance in cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 396:111055. [PMID: 38763348 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
This review comprehensively explores the challenge of drug resistance in cancer by focusing on the pivotal PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, elucidating its role in oncogenesis and resistance mechanisms across various cancer types. It meticulously examines the diverse mechanisms underlying resistance, including genetic mutations, feedback loops, and microenvironmental factors, while also discussing the associated resistance patterns. Evaluating current therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway, the article highlights the hurdles encountered in drug development and clinical trials. Innovative approaches to overcome resistance, such as combination therapies and precision medicine, are critically analyzed, alongside discussions on emerging therapies like immunotherapy and molecularly targeted agents. Overall, this comprehensive review not only sheds light on the complexities of resistance in cancer but also provides a roadmap for advancing cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Dong Wan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Canhua Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China; Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China; Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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4
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Guo K, Jiang Y, Qiao W, Yuan P, Xue M, Liu J, Wei H, Wang B, Zhu X. Revealing the active ingredients and mechanism of P. sibiricumm in non-small-cell lung cancer based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, network pharmacology, and molecular docking. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29166. [PMID: 38617965 PMCID: PMC11015457 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The alcohol extraction of P. sibiricum has exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the production of free radicals and the proliferation of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) A549 cells. Despite the diverse components found in alcohol extraction of P. sibiricum and its multiple targets, the active components and associated targets remain largely unidentified. Hence, there is a need for additional investigation into the pharmacodynamic elements and mechanisms of action. This study aimed to analyze and identify the components responsible for the anti-tumor activity of alcohol extraction from P. sibiricum using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS for the first time. Subsequently, the targets of the active components were predicted using the SwissTargetPrediction database, whereas the targets for NSCLC were sourced from the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database (OMIM) and the GeneCards database. Next, the targets of chemical composition were integrated with disease targets via Venny online. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed utilizing DAVID. Subsequently, a network analysis of "components-targets-pathways" was established using Cytoscape 3.8.2 and assessed with the "network analyzer" plug-in. Molecular docking was conducted utilizing Autodock 1.5.6. The study aimed to examine the anti-proliferative impacts and underlying mechanisms of alcohol extraction from P. sibiricum on NSCLC through in vivo and in vitro investigations utilizing an animal model of transplanted tumor, CCK8 assay, cell scratch test, RT-qPCR, and western blotting. The study unveiled that 17 active components extracted from P. sibiricum alcohol demonstrated anti-non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) effects through the modulation of 191 targets and various significant signaling pathways. These pathways include Endocrine resistance, PI3K/AKT, Chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation, Proteoglycans in cancer, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, AMPK signaling pathway, and other related signaling pathways. Network analysis and molecular docking results indicated that specific compounds such as (25S)-26-O-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-furost-5-en3β,22α,26-triol3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-d-glucopyranoside, Timosaponin H1, Deapi-platycodin D3, (3R)-5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethyl-3-(4'-hydroxybenzyl)-chroman-4-one, Disporopsin, Funkioside F, Kingianoside E, Parisyunnanoside H, and Sibiricoside B primarily targeted 17 key proteins (BCL2, EGFR, ESR1, ESR2, GRB2, IGF1R, JUN, MAP2K1, MAPK14, MAPK8, MDM2, MMP9, mTOR, PIK3CA, RAF1, RPS6KB1, and SRC) collectively. In conclusion, the alcohol extraction of P. sibiricum demonstrated inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of metastasis through various pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi, Xianyang, 712046, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Xianyang, 712046, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Medicine Foundation and New Drug Research, Shaanxi, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi, Xianyang, 712046, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Xianyang, 712046, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Medicine Foundation and New Drug Research, Shaanxi, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Wei Qiao
- 521 Hospital of NORINCO GROUP, Shaanxi, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Panpan Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi, Xianyang, 712046, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Xianyang, 712046, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Medicine Foundation and New Drug Research, Shaanxi, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Miao Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi, Xianyang, 712046, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Xianyang, 712046, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Medicine Foundation and New Drug Research, Shaanxi, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Jiping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi, Xianyang, 712046, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Hao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Xingmei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi, Xianyang, 712046, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Xianyang, 712046, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Medicine Foundation and New Drug Research, Shaanxi, Xianyang, 712046, China
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Padinharayil H, George A. Small extracellular vesicles: Multi-functional aspects in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 198:104341. [PMID: 38575042 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) impact normal and pathological cellular signaling through bidirectional trafficking. Exosomes, a subset of EVs possess biomolecules including proteins, lipids, DNA fragments and various RNA species reflecting a speculum of their parent cells. The involvement of exosomes in bidirectional communication and their biological constituents substantiate its role in regulating both physiology and pathology, including multiple cancers. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common lung cancers (85%) with high incidence, mortality and reduced overall survival. Lack of efficient early diagnostic and therapeutic tools hurdles the management of NSCLC. Interestingly, the exosomes from body fluids similarity with parent cells or tissue offers a potential future multicomponent tool for the early diagnosis of NSCLC. The structural twinning of exosomes with a cell/tissue and the competitive tumor derived exosomes in tumor microenvironment (TME) promotes the unpinning horizons of exosomes as a drug delivery, vaccine, and therapeutic agent. Exosomes in clinical point of view assist to trace: acquired resistance caused by various therapeutic agents, early diagnosis, progression, and surveillance. In an integrated approach, EV biomarkers offer potential cutting-edge techniques for the detection and diagnosis of cancer, though the purification, characterization, and biomarker identification processes for the translational research regarding EVs need further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Padinharayil
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur-05, Kerala, India
| | - Alex George
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur-05, Kerala, India.
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6
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Liu X, Mei W, Zhang P, Zeng C. PIK3CA mutation as an acquired resistance driver to EGFR-TKIs in non-small cell lung cancer: Clinical challenges and opportunities. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107123. [PMID: 38432445 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have significantly enhanced the treatment outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring EGFR mutations. However, the occurrence of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs is an unavoidable outcome observed in these patients. Disruption of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway can contribute to the emergence of resistance to EGFR TKIs in lung cancer. The emergence of PIK3CA mutations following treatment with EGFR-TKIs can lead to resistance against EGFR-TKIs. This review provides an overview of the current perspectives regarding the involvement of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in the development of lung cancer. Furthermore, we outline the state-of-the-art therapeutic strategies targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in lung cancer. We highlight the role of PIK3CA mutation as an acquired resistance mechanism against EGFR-TKIs in EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Crucially, we explore therapeutic strategies targeting PIK3CA-mediated resistance to EGFR TKIs in lung cancer, aiming to optimize the effectiveness of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Wuxuan Mei
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Changchun Zeng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, China.
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7
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Ntzifa A, Marras T, Georgoulias V, Lianidou E. Liquid biopsy for the management of NSCLC patients under osimertinib treatment. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38305080 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2024.2302116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic management of NSCLC patients is quite challenging as they are mainly diagnosed at a late stage of disease, and they present a high heterogeneous molecular profile. Osimertinib changed the paradigm shift in treatment of EGFR mutant NSCLC patients achieving significantly better clinical outcomes. To date, osimertinib is successfully administered not only as first- or second-line treatment, but also as adjuvant treatment while its efficacy is currently investigated during neoadjuvant treatment or in stage III, unresectable EGFR mutant NSCLC patients. However, resistance to osimertinib may occur due to clonal evolution, under the pressure of the targeted therapy. The utilization of liquid biopsy as a minimally invasive tool provides insight into molecular heterogeneity of tumor clonal evolution and potent resistance mechanisms which may help to develop more suitable therapeutic approaches. Longitudinal monitoring of NSCLC patients through ctDNA or CTC analysis could reveal valuable information about clinical outcomes during osimertinib treatment. Therefore, several guidelines suggest that liquid biopsy in addition to tissue biopsy should be considered as a standard of care in the advanced NSCLC setting. This practice could significantly increase the number of NSCLC patients that will eventually benefit from targeted therapies, such as EGFR TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliki Ntzifa
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Lab, Lab of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Marras
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Lab, Lab of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilis Georgoulias
- First Department of Medical Oncology, Metropolitan General Hospital of Athens, Cholargos, Greece
| | - Evi Lianidou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Lab, Lab of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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8
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Zhang Q, Wang R, Xu L. Clinical advances in EGFR-TKI combination therapy for EGFR-mutated NSCLC: a narrative review. Transl Cancer Res 2023; 12:3764-3778. [PMID: 38192990 PMCID: PMC10774042 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objective Mutations located in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase domains have been described as the 'Achilles heel' of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and can be targeted by epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). However, the clinical benefits of EGFR-TKIs are limited, and drug resistance inevitably occurs in NSCLC patients after long-term exposure to certain drugs. EGFR-TKI combination therapies, including combined targeted therapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, have shown promise in addressing this issue. This literature review analyzed the rationale and controversies of clinical research related to various EGFR-TKI combination therapies. Methods The PubMed database was searched to retrieve articles published from January 1, 2001 to April 15, 2023 using the following Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms: "EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer" and "clinical trial". Google Scholar was also reviewed to retrieve additional articles. The search was limited to articles published in English. Key Content and Findings In this review, we summarized EGFR-TKI combination therapies, including combined targeted therapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, most of which have shown efficacy and safety in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC. A number of clinical studies with large sample sizes have analyzed the activity and toxicity of combined therapies and explored potential and well-tolerated treatment options. Conclusions EGFR mutations have been detected in many NSCLC patients and can be targeted by EGFR-TKIs. However, drug resistance after long-term exposure remains a significant challenge for this type of treatment. Most clinical trials have shown that the combination of EGFR-TKIs and targeted therapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or immunotherapy is efficacious and safe in the treatment of EGFR-mutated NSCLC. It should be noted that in some instances, serious adverse events have led to the termination of trials. However, EGFR-TKI combination therapy is indeed an effective approach for the treatment of patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC and deserves further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruo Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ahmad H, Ali A, Ali R, Khalil AT, Khan I, Khan MM, Alorini M. Mutational Landscape and In-Silico Analysis of TP53, PIK3CA, and PTEN in Patients with Breast Cancer from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:43318-43331. [PMID: 38024667 PMCID: PMC10652387 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the mutational spectrum of three breast cancer candidate genes (TP53, PIK3CA, and PTEN) using WES for identifying potential biomarkers. The WES data were thoroughly analyzed using SAMtools for variant calling and identification of the mutations. Various bioinformatic tools (SIFT, PolyPhen-2, Mutation Taster, ISPRED-SEQ, SAAFEQ-SEQ, ConSurf, PROCHECK etc.) were used to determine the pathogenicity and nature of the SNVs. Selected interaction site (IS) mutations were visualized in PyMOL after building 3D structures in Swiss-Model. Ramachandran plots were generated by using the PROCHECK server. The selected IS mutations were subjected to molecular dynamic simulation (MDS) studies using Gromacs 4.5. STRING and GeneMANIA were used for the prediction of gene-gene interactions and pathways. Our results revealed that the luminal A molecular subtype of the breast cancer was most common, whereas a high percentage of was Her2 negatives. Moreover, the somatic mutations were more common as compared to the germline mutations in TP53, PIK3CA, and PTEN. 20% of the identified mutations are reported for the first time from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. In the enrolled cohort, 23 mutations were nonsynonymous SNVs. The frequency of mutations was the highest in PIK3CA, followed by TP53 and PTEN. A total of 13 mutations were found to be highly pathogenic. Four novel mutations were identified on PIK3CA and one each on PTEN and TP53. SAAFEQ-SEQ predicted the destabilizing effect for all mutations. ISPRED-SEQ predicted 9 IS mutations (6 on TP53 and 3 on PIK3CA), whereas no IS mutation was predicted on PTEN. The TP53 IS mutations were TP53R43H, TP53Y73X, TP53K93Q, TP53K93R, TP53D149E, and TP53Q199X; whereas for PIK3CA, the IS mutations were PIK3CAL156V, PIK3CAM610K, and PIK3CAH1047R. Analysis from the ConSurf Web server revealed five SNVs with a highly conserved status (conservation score 9) across TP53 and PTEN. TP53P33R was found predominant in the grade 3 tumors, whereas PTENp.C65S was distributed on ER+, ER-, PR+, PR-, Her2+, and Her2- patients. TP53p.P33R mutation was found to be recurring in the 14/19 (73.6%) patients and, therefore, can be considered as a potential biomarker. Finally, these mutations were studied in the context of their potential association with different hormonal and social factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Ahmad
- Institute
of Basic Medical Sciences Khyber Medical University, Khyber Medical University, Phase V, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Asif Ali
- Institute
of Basic Medical Sciences Khyber Medical University, Khyber Medical University, Phase V, Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
- College
of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
- School
of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Roshan Ali
- Institute
of Basic Medical Sciences Khyber Medical University, Khyber Medical University, Phase V, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Ali Talha Khalil
- Department
of Pathology, Lady Reading Hospital Medical
Teaching Institution (LRH-MTI), Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25000, Pakistan
| | - Ishaq Khan
- Institute
of Basic Medical Sciences Khyber Medical University, Khyber Medical University, Phase V, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Mah Muneer Khan
- General Surgery, Khyber Teaching Hospital Medical Teaching Institute, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Alorini
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical
Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, 56219, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Jing L, Zhai ME, Qian MR, Li YM, Han MW, Wang K, Huang W, Nan G, Jiang JL. Targeting the up-regulated CNOT3 reverses therapeutic resistance and metastatic progression of EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:406. [PMID: 37919290 PMCID: PMC10622567 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01701-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. CNOT3, a subunit of the CCR4-NOT complex, has recently been suggested to be overexpressed in lung cancer and involved in tumor malignancy. However, its precise role and the underlying mechanisms still need to be fully revealed. In the present study, we found in lung cancer cells the expression of CNOT3 could be regulated by EGFR signaling pathway and c-Jun, a transcription factor downstream of EGFR, transcriptionally regulated its expression. Interestingly, CNOT3 could inversely regulate the expression of c-Jun via modulating its translation. Thus, a feedback loop existed between c-Jun and CNOT3. CNOT3 reduction post EGFR blockade facilitated the drug-induced cell death, and simultaneously inhibited cell proliferation via impacting TSC1/mTOR axis. Whereas, further up-regulation of the CNOT3 expression was observed in gefitinib-resistant cells, which dampened gefitinib sensitivity. Mechanically, the elevation of CNOT3 was induced by the bypass activation of HER2/c-Jun signaling. Depleting CNOT3 in vitro and in vivo sensitized the drug-resistant cells to gefitinib treatment and inhibited metastatic progression. These results give novel insights into the role of CNOT3 in lung cancer malignancy and provide a theoretical basis for the development of therapeutic strategies to solve acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jing
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng-En Zhai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mei-Rui Qian
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming-Wei Han
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wan Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang Nan
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian-Li Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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11
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Haynes D, Morgan EE, Chu EY. Cutaneous adverse reactions resulting from targeted cancer therapies: histopathologic and clinical findings. Hum Pathol 2023; 140:129-143. [PMID: 37146945 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2023.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Targeted cancer treatments-designed to interfere with specific molecular signals responsible for tumor survival and progression-have shown benefit over conventional chemotherapies but may lead to diverse cutaneous adverse effects. This review highlights clinically significant dermatologic toxicities and their associated histopathologic findings, resulting from various targeted cancer drugs. Case reports and series, clinical trials, reviews, and meta-analyses are included for analysis and summarized herein. Cutaneous side effects resulting from targeted cancer therapies were reported with incidences as high as 90% for certain medications, and reactions are often predictable based on mechanism(s) of action of a given drug. Common and important reaction patterns included: acneiform eruptions, neutrophilic dermatoses, hand-foot skin reaction, secondary cutaneous malignancies, and alopecia. Clinical and histopathologic recognition of these toxicities remains impactful for patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Haynes
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Eric E Morgan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104 USA
| | - Emily Y Chu
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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12
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Hamouz M, Hammouz RY, Bajwa MA, Alsayed AW, Orzechowska M, Bednarek AK. A Functional Genomics Review of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer in Never Smokers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13314. [PMID: 37686122 PMCID: PMC10488233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is currently a dearth of information regarding lung cancer in never smokers (LCINS). Additionally, there is a difference in somatic mutations, tumour mutational burden, and chromosomal aberrations between smokers and never smokers (NS), insinuating a different disease entity in LCINS. A better understanding of actionable driver alterations prevalent in LCINS and the genomic landscape will contribute to identifying new molecular targets of relevance for NS that will drastically improve outcomes. Differences in treatment outcomes between NS and smokers, as well as sexes, with NSCLC suggest unique tumour characteristics. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase mutations and echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK) gene rearrangements are more common in NS and have been associated with chemotherapy resistance. Moreover, NS are less likely to benefit from immune mediators including PD-L1. Unravelling the genomic and epigenomic underpinnings of LCINS will aid in the development of not only novel targeted therapies but also more refined approaches. This review encompasses driver genes and pathways involved in the pathogenesis of LCINS and a deeper exploration of the genomic landscape and tumour microenvironment. We highlight the dire need to define the genetic and environmental aspects entailing the development of lung cancer in NS.
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13
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Araghi M, Mannani R, Heidarnejad maleki A, Hamidi A, Rostami S, Safa SH, Faramarzi F, Khorasani S, Alimohammadi M, Tahmasebi S, Akhavan-Sigari R. Recent advances in non-small cell lung cancer targeted therapy; an update review. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:162. [PMID: 37568193 PMCID: PMC10416536 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02990-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In the last decade, significant advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer, particularly NSCLC, have been achieved with the help of molecular translational research. Among the hopeful breakthroughs in therapeutic approaches, advances in targeted therapy have brought the most successful outcomes in NSCLC treatment. In targeted therapy, antagonists target the specific genes, proteins, or the microenvironment of tumors supporting cancer growth and survival. Indeed, cancer can be managed by blocking the target genes related to tumor cell progression without causing noticeable damage to normal cells. Currently, efforts have been focused on improving the targeted therapy aspects regarding the encouraging outcomes in cancer treatment and the quality of life of patients. Treatment with targeted therapy for NSCLC is changing rapidly due to the pace of scientific research. Accordingly, this updated study aimed to discuss the tumor target antigens comprehensively and targeted therapy-related agents in NSCLC. The current study also summarized the available clinical trial studies for NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Araghi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Reza Mannani
- Vascular Surgeon, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Adel Hamidi
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Arak Branch, karaj, Iran
| | - Samaneh Rostami
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Faramarzi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sahar Khorasani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Alimohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Safa Tahmasebi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Yu Y, Xiao Z, Lei C, Ma C, Ding L, Tang Q, He Y, Chen Y, Chang X, Zhu Y, Zhang H. BYL719 reverses gefitinib-resistance induced by PI3K/AKT activation in non-small cell lung cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:732. [PMID: 37553597 PMCID: PMC10408073 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation often obtain de novo resistance or develop secondary resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), which restricts the clinical benefit for the patients. The activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signal pathway is one of the most important mechanisms for the EGFR-TKIs resistance beyond T790M mutation. There are currently no drugs simultaneously targeting EGFR and PI3K signal pathways, and combination of these two pathway inhibitors may be a possible strategy to reverse theses resistances. To test whether this combinational strategy works, we investigated the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of combining BYL719, a PI3Kα inhibitor, with gefitinib, an EGFR-TKI inhibitor in EGFR-TKIs resistance NSCLC models induced by PI3K/AKT activation. Our results demonstrated that PIK3CA mutated cells showed increased growth rate and less sensitive or even resistant to gefitinib, associated with increased PI3K/AKT expression. The combination of BYL719 and gefitinib resulted in synergistic effect compared with the single agents alone in EGFR-mutated NSCLC cells with PI3K/AKT activation. The inhibition of AKT phosphorylation by BYL719 increased the antitumor efficacy of gefitinib in these cell lines. Moreover, the combined effect and mechanism of gefitinib and BYL719 were also confirmed in the NSCLC cells and patient-derived organoids under 3D culture condition, as well as in vivo. Taken together, the data indicate that PIK3CA mutation induces more aggressive growth and gefitinib resistance in NSCLC cells, and the combination treatment with gefitinib and BYL719 is a promising therapeutic approach to overcoming EGFR-TKIs resistance induced by PI3K/AKT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xiao
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenjing Lei
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changju Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lina Ding
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Tang
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihan He
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yadong Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuesong Chang
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjuan Zhu
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Haibo Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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15
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CBX5 loss drives EGFR inhibitor resistance and results in therapeutically actionable vulnerabilities in lung cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2218118120. [PMID: 36652476 PMCID: PMC9942844 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2218118120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Although epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFRi) are approved for treating EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), emergence of acquired resistance limits their clinical benefits. Several mechanisms for acquired resistance to EGFRi in LUAD have been identified; however, the molecular basis for this resistance remains unknown in ~30% of LUAD. Chromatin and DNA modifiers and their regulators play important roles in determining response to anticancer therapies. Therefore, to identify nongenetic mechanisms of EGFRi resistance in LUAD, we performed an epigenome-wide shRNA screen targeting 363 human epigenetic regulator genes. This screen identified loss of the transcriptional repressor chromobox homolog 5 (CBX5) as a driver of EGFRi resistance in EGFR-mutant LUAD. Loss of CBX5 confers resistance to multiple EGFRi in both cell culture and mice. We found that CBX5 loss in EGFR-mutant LUAD cells leads to increased expression of the transcription factor E2F1, which in turn stimulates expression of the antiapoptotic gene BIRC5 (survivin). This E2F1-mediated upregulation of BIRC5 in CBX5-knockdown LUAD cells attenuates apoptosis induction following EGFRi treatment. Consistent with these results, knockdown of E2F1 or BIRC5 partly rescues CBX5-knockdown-induced EGFRi resistance in cell culture and mice. EGFRi-resistant LUAD cell lines show reduced CBX5 expression compared to parental lines; however, bromo- and extra-terminal (BET)-domain inhibitors (BETi) restore CBX5 expression in these cells and sensitize them to EGFRi/BETi combination therapy. Similarly, treatment with a BIRC5 inhibitor suppresses growth of EGFRi-resistant LUAD cells. Collectively, these studies identify CBX5 loss as a driver of EGFRi resistance and reveal therapeutic opportunities for treating EGFRi-resistant LUAD.
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16
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Yekula A, Hsia T, Kitchen RR, Chakrabortty SK, Yu W, Batool SM, Lewis B, Szeglowski AJ, Weissleder R, Lee H, Chi AS, Batchelor T, Carter BS, Breakefield XO, Skog J, Balaj L. Longitudinal analysis of serum-derived extracellular vesicle RNA to monitor dacomitinib treatment response in EGFR-amplified recurrent glioblastoma patients. Neurooncol Adv 2023; 5:vdad104. [PMID: 37811539 PMCID: PMC10559837 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive and invasive brain tumor associated with high patient mortality. A large fraction of GBM tumors have been identified as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplified and ~50% also are EGFRvIII mutant positive. In a previously reported multicenter phase II study, we have described the response of recurrent GBM (rGBM) patients to dacomitinib, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). As a continuation of that report, we leverage the tumor cargo-encapsulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) and explore their genetic composition as carriers of tumor biomarker. Methods Serum samples were longitudinally collected from EGFR-amplified rGBM patients who clinically benefitted from dacomitinib therapy (responders) and those who did not (nonresponders), as well as from a healthy cohort of individuals. The serum EV transcriptome was evaluated to map the RNA biotype distribution and distinguish GBM disease. Results Using long RNA sequencing, we show enriched detection of over 10 000 coding RNAs from serum EVs. The EV transcriptome yielded a unique signature that facilitates differentiation of GBM patients from healthy donors. Further analysis revealed genetic enrichment that enables stratification of responders from nonresponders prior to dacomitinib treatment as well as following administration. Conclusion This study demonstrates that genetic composition analysis of serum EVs may aid in therapeutic stratification to identify patients with dacomitinib-responsive GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anudeep Yekula
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tiffaney Hsia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert R Kitchen
- Exosome Diagnostics, Inc., a Bio-Techne Brand, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Wei Yu
- Exosome Diagnostics, Inc., a Bio-Techne Brand, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Syeda M Batool
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian Lewis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Antoni J Szeglowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew S Chi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tracy Batchelor
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bob S Carter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xandra O Breakefield
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Johan Skog
- Exosome Diagnostics, Inc., a Bio-Techne Brand, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leonora Balaj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Quan Z, Yang Y, Zheng H, Zhan Y, Luo J, Ning Y, Fan S. Clinical implications of the interaction between PD-1/PD-L1 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in progression and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer 2022; 13:3434-3443. [PMID: 36313041 PMCID: PMC9608206 DOI: 10.7150/jca.77619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of immune checkpoints has been well known to provide novel clues for cancer treatments. Immunotherapy against the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) /programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-L1), one of the most popular auxiliary treatments in recent years, has been applied in various tumor treatments, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, inevitable issues such as side effects and drug resistance emerge following the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway may participate in the regulation of PD-L1 expression. Abnormal PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activation results in increased PD-L1 protein translation, whereas PD-L1 overexpression can activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inversely. Via downstream proteins, including 4E-BP1, STAT3, NF-κB, c-MYC, and AMPK in aberrant energy status, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway can regulate PD-L1 post-transcription and translation. Besides, the regulation of the PI3K pathway by the PD-1/PD-L1 axis involves both tumor cells and the tumor immune microenvironment. Inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 have been successfully applied in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer and breast cancer. Meanwhile, drug resistance from alternative pathway activation also evidently affects clinical progress. To achieve a better therapeutic effect and quality of survival, the combination of multiple treatment modalities presents great research value. Here we reviewed the interaction between PD-1/PD-L1 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the progression and treatment of NSCLC and summarized its clinical implications. The intracellular interactions between PD-1/PD-L1 and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway indicate that PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have a wide range of potential applications. And we presented the mechanism for combining therapy with monoclonal antibody PD-1/PD-L1 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors in this review, to broaden the therapies for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Songqing Fan
- ✉ Corresponding author: Songqing Fan, Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China. E-mail address:
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18
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Protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in malignant tumors: molecular mechanisms and future perspective. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:329. [PMID: 36115852 PMCID: PMC9482625 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractProtein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are a class of proteins with tyrosine kinase activity that phosphorylate tyrosine residues of critical molecules in signaling pathways. Their basal function is essential for maintaining normal cell growth and differentiation. However, aberrant activation of PTKs caused by various factors can deviate cell function from the expected trajectory to an abnormal growth state, leading to carcinogenesis. Inhibiting the aberrant PTK function could inhibit tumor growth. Therefore, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), target-specific inhibitors of PTKs, have been used in treating malignant tumors and play a significant role in targeted therapy of cancer. Currently, drug resistance is the main reason for limiting TKIs efficacy of cancer. The increasing studies indicated that tumor microenvironment, cell death resistance, tumor metabolism, epigenetic modification and abnormal metabolism of TKIs were deeply involved in tumor development and TKI resistance, besides the abnormal activation of PTK-related signaling pathways involved in gene mutations. Accordingly, it is of great significance to study the underlying mechanisms of TKIs resistance and find solutions to reverse TKIs resistance for improving TKIs efficacy of cancer. Herein, we reviewed the drug resistance mechanisms of TKIs and the potential approaches to overcome TKI resistance, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for improving the efficacy of TKIs.
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19
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Pang LL, Gan JD, Tan JR, Huang YH, Liao J, Liang WT, Deng PB, Fang WF. Efficacy and potential resistance mechanisms of afatinib in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients with EGFR G719X/L861Q/S768I. Cancer 2022; 128:3804-3814. [PMID: 36069292 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Afatinib is the only currently approved EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR G719X/L861Q/S768I. However, there are limited real-world data concerning the benefits and resistance mechanisms of afatinib in patients with these nonclassical mutations. To fill this gap, the present study was conducted. METHODS All NSCLC patients treated with afatinib were screened, and patients with EGFR G719X/L861Q/S768I were enrolled into the analysis. Either tumor tissue or blood specimens were detected by the commercial next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels or amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to figure out the mutation genotype. RESULTS A total of 106 advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR G719X/L861Q/S768I received afatinib treatment. The benefits of afatinib exhibited heterogeneity in different mutation genotypes. Notably, at baseline, NGS testing was performed in 59 patients, and TP53 was the most frequently coexisting mutation. Patients with TP53 mutations obtained fewer survival benefits than those with TP53 wild-type. A total of 68 patients ultimately experienced progression, and 27 patients received NGS testing to clarify the potential resistance mechanisms. EGFR-T790M, CDK4 amplification, FGFR1 amplification, PIK3CA, MET amplification, RET fusions, HER2, and BRAF mutations were identified in three (11.1%), three (11.1%), three (11.1%), three (11.1%), three (11.1%), one (3.7%), one (3.7%), and one (3.7%) of the cases, respectively. Five patients underwent ARMS-PCR testing for detecting EGFR-T790M mutation, and only one patient was T790M-positive. CONCLUSIONS The present study elucidated the differential benefits of afatinib within different mutation genotypes and first revealed the spectrum of potential resistance mechanisms in patients with EGFR G719X/L861Q/S768I. The results of this study may provide practical clinical information that can guide optimal treatment in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Lan Pang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Di Gan
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Rong Tan
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Hua Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liao
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ting Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Bo Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Feng Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
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20
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Casarrubios M, Provencio M, Nadal E, Insa A, Del Rosario García-Campelo M, Lázaro-Quintela M, Dómine M, Majem M, Rodriguez-Abreu D, Martinez-Marti A, De Castro Carpeño J, Cobo M, López Vivanco G, Del Barco E, Bernabé R, Viñolas N, Barneto Aranda I, Massuti B, Sierra-Rodero B, Martinez-Toledo C, Fernández-Miranda I, Serna-Blanco R, Romero A, Calvo V, Cruz-Bermúdez A. Tumor microenvironment gene expression profiles associated to complete pathological response and disease progression in resectable NSCLC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-005320. [PMID: 36171009 PMCID: PMC9528578 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has improved pathological responses and survival rates compared with chemotherapy alone, leading to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of nivolumab plus chemotherapy for resectable stage IB-IIIA NSCLC (AJCC 7th edition) without ALK or EGFR alterations. Unfortunately, a considerable percentage of tumors do not completely respond to therapy, which has been associated with early disease progression. So far, it is impossible to predict these events due to lack of knowledge. In this study, we characterized the gene expression profile of tumor samples to identify new biomarkers and mechanisms behind tumor responses to neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy and disease recurrence after surgery. METHODS Tumor bulk RNA sequencing was performed in 16 pretreatment and 36 post-treatment tissue samples from 41 patients with resectable stage IIIA NSCLC treated with neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy from NADIM trial. A panel targeting 395 genes related to immunological processes was used. Tumors were classified as complete pathological response (CPR) and non-CPR, based on the total absence of viable tumor cells in tumor bed and lymph nodes tested at surgery. Differential-expressed genes between groups and pathway enrichment analysis were assessed using DESeq2 and gene set enrichment analysis. CIBERSORTx was used to estimate the proportions of immune cell subtypes. RESULTS CPR tumors had a stronger pre-established immune infiltrate at baseline than non-CPR, characterized by higher levels of IFNG, GZMB, NKG7, and M1 macrophages, all with a significant area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) >0.9 for CPR prediction. A greater effect of neoadjuvant therapy was also seen in CPR tumors with a reduction of tumor markers and IFNγ signaling after treatment. Additionally, the higher expression of several genes, including AKT1, BST2, OAS3, or CD8B; or higher dendritic cells and neutrophils proportions in post-treatment non-CPR samples, were associated with relapse after surgery. Also, high pretreatment PD-L1 and tumor mutational burden levels influenced the post-treatment immune landscape with the downregulation of proliferation markers and type I interferon signaling molecules in surgery samples. CONCLUSIONS Our results reinforce the differences between CPR and non-CPR responses, describing possible response and relapse immune mechanisms, opening the possibility of therapy personalization of immunotherapy-based regimens in the neoadjuvant setting of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Casarrubios
- Medical Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda-Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Provencio
- Medical Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda-Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernest Nadal
- Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell Program, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amelia Insa
- Medical Oncology, Fundación INCLIVA, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Manuel Dómine
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Majem
- Medical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Servei de Oncologia Medica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Delvys Rodriguez-Abreu
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Canarias, Spain
| | - Alex Martinez-Marti
- Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Cobo
- Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Edel Del Barco
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Reyes Bernabé
- Medical Oncology, Hospital U. Virgen Rocio, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Belén Sierra-Rodero
- Medical Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda-Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Martinez-Toledo
- Medical Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda-Madrid, Spain
| | - Ismael Fernández-Miranda
- Medical Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda-Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Serna-Blanco
- Medical Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda-Madrid, Spain
| | - Atocha Romero
- Medical Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda-Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Calvo
- Medical Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda-Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Cruz-Bermúdez
- Medical Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda-Madrid, Spain
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Yan LD, Yang L, Li N, Wang M, Zhang YH, Zhou W, Yu ZQ, Peng XC, Cai J. Prognostic role of multiple abnormal genes in non-small-cell lung cancer. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:7772-7784. [PMID: 36158484 PMCID: PMC9372825 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i22.7772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has the highest morbidity and mortality rates among all malignant tumor types. Although therapies targeting the mutated genes such as KRAS have been used in the clinic for many years, the prognosis remains poor. Therefore, it is necessary to further study the aberrant expression or mutation of non-target genes affecting the survival and prognosis.
AIM To explore the impact of simultaneous abnormalities of multiple genes on the prognosis and survival of patients.
METHODS We used R packages to analyze gene expression data and clinical data downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We also collected samples from 85 NSCLC patients from the First People’s Hospital of Jingzhou City and retrospectively followed the patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis and survival analysis were performed.
RESULTS Analysis of gene expression data from TCGA revealed that the overexpression of the following single genes affected overall survival: TP53 (P = 0.79), PTEN (P = 0.94), RB1 (P = 0.49), CTNNB1 (P = 0.24), STK11 (P = 0.32), and PIK3CA (P = 0.013). However, the probability of multiple genes (TP53, PTEN, RB1, and STK11) affecting survival was 0.025. Retrospective analysis of clinical data revealed that sex (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.29; [95%CI: 0.64-2.62]), age (HR = 1.05; [95%CI: 1.02-1.07]), smoking status (HR = 2.26; [95%CI: 1.16-4.39]), tumor histology (HR = 0.58; [95%CI: 0.30-1.11]), cancer stage (HR = 16.63; [95%CI: 4.8-57.63]), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation (HR = 1.82; [95%CI: 1.05-3.16]), abundance (HR = 4.95; [95%CI: 0.78-31.36]), and treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) (HR = 0.58; [95%CI: 0.43-0.78]) affected patient survival. Co-occurring mutations of TP53, PTEN, RB1, and STK11 did not significantly affect the overall survival of patients receiving chemotherapy (P = 0.96) but significantly affected the overall survival of patients receiving TKIs (P = 0.045).
CONCLUSION Co-occurring mutation or overexpression of different genes has different effects on the overall survival and prognosis of NSCLC patients. Combined with TKI treatment, the co-occurring mutation of some genes may have a synergistic effect on the survival and prognosis of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Da Yan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yan-Hua Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhi-Qiong Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
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22
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Vaquero J, Pavy A, Gonzalez-Sanchez E, Meredith M, Arbelaiz A, Fouassier L. Genetic alterations shaping tumor response to anti-EGFR therapies. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 64:100863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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23
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Babuta J, Hall Z, Athersuch T. Dysregulated Metabolism in EGFR-TKI Drug Resistant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070644. [PMID: 35888768 PMCID: PMC9316206 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a common barrier to continued effective treatment in cancer. In non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), tyrosine kinase inhibitors that target the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR-TKIs) exhibit good efficacy in cancer treatment until acquired resistance occurs. It has been observed that drug resistance is accompanied by numerous molecular-level changes, including significant shifts in cellular metabolism. The purpose of this study was to critically and systematically review the published literature with respect to how metabolism differs in drug-resistant compared to drug-sensitive NSCLC. Understanding the differences between resistant and sensitive cells is vital and has the potential to allow interventions that enable the re-sensitisation of resistant cells to treatment, and consequently reinitiate the therapeutic effect of EGFR-TKIs. The main literature search was performed using relevant keywords in PubMed and Ovid (Medline) and reviewed using the Covidence platform. Of the 1331 potentially relevant literature records retrieved, 27 studies were subsequently selected for comprehensive analysis. Collectively, the literature revealed that NSCLC cell lines resistant to EGFR-TKI treatment possess characteristic metabolic and lipidomic phenotypic signatures that differentiate them from sensitive lines. Further exploration of these reported differences suggests that drug-resistant cell lines are differentially reliant on cellular energy sources and that modulation of relative energy production pathways may lead to the reversal of drug resistance.
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24
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Treating non-small cell lung cancer by targeting the PI3K signaling pathway. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:1272-1284. [PMID: 35830272 PMCID: PMC9433080 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The phosphosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is one of the most important intracellular signal transduction pathways affecting cell functions, such as apoptosis, translation, metabolism, and angiogenesis. Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality rates in the world. It can be divided into two groups, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). NSCLC accounts for >85% of all lung cancers. There are currently many clinical treatment options for NSCLC; however, traditional methods such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have not been able to provide patients with good survival benefits. The emergence of molecular target therapy has improved the survival and prognosis of patients with NSCLC. In recent years, there have been an increasing number of studies on NSCLC and PI3K signaling pathways. Inhibitors of various parts of the PI3K pathway have appeared in various phases of clinical trials with NSCLC as an indication. This article focuses on the role of the PI3K signaling pathway in the occurrence and development of NSCLC and summarizes the current clinical research progress and possible development strategies.
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25
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Resistance to TKIs in EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: From Mechanisms to New Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143337. [PMID: 35884398 PMCID: PMC9320011 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in advanced mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes a therapeutic challenge. Resistance may occur as a result of EGFR-dependent and independent molecular pathways. The first commonly includes T790M, C797S, L792X and L718X mutations, while the latter pertains to HER2 and MET amplifications, gene rearrangements, disruption in PIK3CA, MAPK signaling and SCLC and epithelial–mesenchymal cells transformation. Liquid biopsies detecting mutant cell-free DNA (cfDNA) have a major potential in the detection of mutant clones before they become clinically apparent. Newer-generation TKIs, bispecific antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates or combinations of TKIs with other TKIs or chemotherapy, immunotherapy and anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGFs) are currently in use or under investigation in EGFR mutant NSCLC. In EGFR mutant NSCLC metastatic to the brain, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) decreases the ability of TKIs to reach the central nervous system (CNS), acting as an additional resistance factor, which can presently be addressed with osimertinib. The potential of rechallenging EFGR TKIs after chemotherapy and combining it with anti-PD-1 immunotherapeutics remains ambivalent. Harnessing nanocarriers to improve drug delivery in EGFR TKIs-resistant NSCLC has been promising in preclinical settings, but it is yet to be determined in a clinical context. Abstract Resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in advanced mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) constitutes a therapeutic challenge. This review intends to summarize the existing knowledge about the mechanisms of resistance to TKIs in the context of EGFR mutant NSCLC and discuss its clinical and therapeutic implications. EGFR-dependent and independent molecular pathways have the potential to overcome or circumvent the activity of EGFR-targeted agents including the third-generation TKI, osimertinib, negatively impacting clinical outcomes. CNS metastases occur frequently in patients on EGFR-TKIs, due to the inability of first and second-generation agents to overcome both the BBB and the acquired resistance of cancer cells in the CNS. Newer-generation TKIs, TKIs targeting EGFR-independent resistance mechanisms, bispecific antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates or combinations of TKIs with other TKIs or chemotherapy, immunotherapy and Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (anti-VEGFs) are currently in use or under investigation in EGFR mutant NSCLC. Liquid biopsies detecting mutant cell-free DNA (cfDNA) provide a window of opportunity to attack mutant clones before they become clinically apparent. Overall, EGFR TKIs-resistant NSCLC constitutes a multifaceted therapeutic challenge. Mapping its underlying mutational landscape, accelerating the detection of resistance mechanisms and diversifying treatment strategies are essential for the management of the disease.
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26
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Li A, Guan Y, Shen P, Ni Y, Han X. PP2A regulates metastasis and vasculogenic mimicry formation via PI3K/AKT/ZEB1 axis in non-small cell lung cancers. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 150:56-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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27
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Peng M, Zheng Z, Chen S, Fang L, Feng R, Zhang L, Tang Q, Liu X. Sensitization of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells to Gefitinib and Reversal of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Aloe-Emodin Via PI3K/Akt/TWIS1 Signal Blockage. Front Oncol 2022; 12:908031. [PMID: 35677158 PMCID: PMC9168594 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.908031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the impacts of AE (aloe-emodin) in gefitinib-resistant NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer) cells and the corresponding mechanism. Methods PC9 and PC9-GR cells were cultured and treated by gefitinib, AE, or the combination of the two drugs. Then, viability, apoptosis, migration and invasion of cells were investigated using CCK-8, TUNEL, wound healing assay, and transwell assay, respectively. Female BALB/c nude mice were employed for the establishment of xenograft tumor models to examine the role of AE in tumor growth. Results PC9-GR cells showed reduced apoptosis and enhanced cell viability, migration and invasion upon treatment by gefitinib, compared with PC9 cells. E-cahherin in PC9-GR cells was down-regulated, while Vimentin, Snail2 (or Slug) and Twist1 in PC9-GR cells were up-regulated, compared with PC9 cells. Meanwhile, treatment by a combination of gefitinib and AE significantly strengthened apoptosis of PC9-GR cells, while attenuated their migration and invasion, compared with the control group or treatment by gefitinib or AE alone. WB results showed that AE could reverse EMT and activation of PI3K/AKT signalling pathway in PC9-GR cells. In vivo experiments showed that tumor growth and EMT of PC9-GR cells were dramatically repressed after treatment by a combination of AE and gefitinib. Additionally, the use of SC97 (a PI3K/Akt pathway activator) could counteract the effects of AE in gefitinib-resistant PC9 cells. Conclusions AE could enhance the gefitinib sensitivity of PC9-GR cells and reverse EMT by blocking PI3K/Akt/TWIS1 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Peng
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuifeng Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shaoyang Chen
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Le Fang
- Department of Oncology, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, China
| | - Rongxiu Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Changde, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Huaihua First People's Hospital, Changde, China
| | - Qingnan Tang
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuewen Liu
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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28
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CRISPR/Cas9 application in cancer therapy: a pioneering genome editing tool. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:35. [PMID: 35508982 PMCID: PMC9066929 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The progress of genetic engineering in the 1970s brought about a paradigm shift in genome editing technology. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system is a flexible means to target and modify particular DNA sequences in the genome. Several applications of CRISPR/Cas9 are presently being studied in cancer biology and oncology to provide vigorous site-specific gene editing to enhance its biological and clinical uses. CRISPR's flexibility and ease of use have enabled the prompt achievement of almost any preferred alteration with greater efficiency and lower cost than preceding modalities. Also, CRISPR/Cas9 technology has recently been applied to improve the safety and efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies and defeat tumor cell resistance to conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The current review summarizes the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in cancer therapy. We also discuss the present obstacles and contemplate future possibilities in this context.
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29
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Vadla GP, Daghat B, Patterson N, Ahmad V, Perez G, Garcia A, Manjunath Y, Kaifi JT, Li G, Chabu CY. Combining plasma extracellular vesicle Let-7b-5p, miR-184 and circulating miR-22-3p levels for NSCLC diagnosis and drug resistance prediction. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6693. [PMID: 35461372 PMCID: PMC9035169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10598-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) Non-Small Cell Lung (NSCLC) screening is associated with high false-positive rates, leading to unnecessary expensive and invasive follow ups. There is a need for minimally invasive approaches to improve the accuracy of NSCLC diagnosis. In addition, NSCLC patients harboring sensitizing mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR (T790M, L578R) are treated with Osimertinib, a potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). However, nearly all patients develop TKI resistance. The underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Plasma extracellular vesicle (EV) and circulating microRNA (miRNA) have been proposed as biomarkers for cancer screening and to inform treatment decisions. However, the identification of highly sensitive and broadly predictive core miRNA signatures remains a challenge. Also, how these systemic and diverse miRNAs impact cancer drug response is not well understood. Using an integrative approach, we examined plasma EV and circulating miRNA isolated from NSCLC patients versus screening controls with a similar risk profile. We found that combining EV (Hsa-miR-184, Let-7b-5p) and circulating (Hsa-miR-22-3p) miRNAs abundance robustly discriminates between NSCLC patients and high-risk cancer-free controls. Further, we found that Hsa-miR-22-3p, Hsa-miR-184, and Let-7b-5p functionally converge on WNT/βcatenin and mTOR/AKT signaling axes, known cancer therapy resistance signals. Targeting Hsa-miR-22-3p and Hsa-miR-184 desensitized EGFR-mutated (T790M, L578R) NSCLC cells to Osimertinib. These findings suggest that the expression levels of circulating hsa-miR-22-3p combined with EV hsa-miR-184 and Let-7b-5p levels potentially define a core biomarker signature for improving the accuracy of NSCLC diagnosis. Importantly, these biomarkers have the potential to enable prospective identification of patients who are at risk of responding poorly to Osimertinib alone but likely to benefit from Osimertinib/AKT blockade combination treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Vadla
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - B Daghat
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - N Patterson
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - V Ahmad
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - G Perez
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - A Garcia
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Y Manjunath
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - J T Kaifi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - G Li
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - C Y Chabu
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Acquired Mechanisms of Resistance to Osimertinib-The Next Challenge. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081931. [PMID: 35454838 PMCID: PMC9027936 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Osimertinib has revolutionized the treatment of EGFR-mutated tumors. Its current applications include the first-line setting, second-line setting, as well as the adjuvant setting. Although it represents a milestone in the context of targeted therapy, inevitably all tumors develop an acquired resistance, some mechanisms involve EGFR, others do so through alternative pathways leading to a bypass in osimertinib inhibition. It is key to understand these acquired mechanisms of resistance, both in the clinical setting, as well as in preclinical models, in order to develop and contribute to the identification of possible therapeutic strategies to overcome this acquired resistance. Abstract EGFR-mutated tumors represent a significant percentage of non-small cell lung cancer. Despite the increasing use of osimertinib, a treatment that has demonstrated an outstanding clinical benefit with a tolerable toxicity profile, EGFR tumors eventually acquire mechanisms of resistance. In the last years, multiple mechanisms of resistance have been identified; however, after progressing on osimertinib, treatment options remain bleak. In this review, we cover the most frequent alterations and potential therapeutic strategies to overcome them.
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31
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Design, Synthesis and Biological evaluation of novel Quinazoline Derivatives as potential NF-κb inhibitors. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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32
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Ganthala PD, Alavala S, Chella N, Andugulapati SB, Bathini NB, Sistla R. Co-encapsulated nanoparticles of Erlotinib and Quercetin for targeting lung cancer through nuclear EGFR and PI3K/AKT inhibition. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 211:112305. [PMID: 34998178 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Erlotinib-based EGFR targeted therapy has proven significant clinical improvement against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the anticancer activity of Erlotinib (Ertb) is limited by the development of Ertb resistance and possess a challenge to clinicians and patients. To explore a better therapeutic strategy, we evaluated Ertb in combinations with different natural products. We identified that Ertb and Quercetin (Quer) combination is more synergistic against A549 and NCI H460 cells compared to Ertb with Fisetin/Carnosic acid/Luteolin. To further improve the efficacy and overcome the limitation of free therapeutics, Ertb and Quer loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (EQNPs) were prepared using Chitosan-MA-TPGS polymer by hot homogenization method. The drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) have shown high encapsulation efficiency (77% Ertb and 71.4% Quer) as well as small particle size of 87.3 ± 0.78 nm and positive zeta potential + 13.4 ± 1.12 mV. At pH 5.5, Ertb and Quer were released at their highest levels. We found that, EQNPs decreased the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and nuclear epidermal growth factor receptor (nEGFR). EQNPs increased the uptake of Ertb and Quer, and apoptosis induction in Ertb resistant A549/ER cells. Further, in vivo EQNPs formulation have shown increased uptake of nanoparticles in the lung tissue and significantly reduced the expression of nEGFR. Thus, EQNPs may be developed as a targeted medicine with minimum side effects for treatment of NSCLC to improve the quality of life and survival of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parimala Devi Ganthala
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India; Department of Fluoro-Agrochemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Sateesh Alavala
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Naveen Chella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Sai Balaji Andugulapati
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Nagendra Babu Bathini
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India; Department of Fluoro-Agrochemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.
| | - Ramakrishna Sistla
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
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Exosome-mediated miR-7-5p delivery enhances the anticancer effect of Everolimus via blocking MNK/eIF4E axis in non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:129. [PMID: 35136028 PMCID: PMC8827062 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04565-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Everolimus is a kind of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. Activated mitogen-activated protein kinase interacting kinases/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (MNK/eIF4E) axis plays a crucial role in resistance to Everolimus in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The eIF4E phosphorylation increased by mTOR inhibitors is mainly mediated by MNKs. However, the mechanisms are poorly understood. Recently, extensive reprogramming of miRNA profiles has also been found after long-term mTOR inhibitor exposure. Our previous studies have confirmed that tumor suppressor miR-7-5p is decreased in A549 cells after treatment with Everolimus. Exactly, MNK1 is the target of miR-7-5p. In this study, we investigated the biological functions and potential molecular mechanisms of miR-7-5p in the NSCLC undergoing treatment with Everolimus. We confirmed that Everolimus targeted mTORC1 inducing NSCLC cells to secrete miR-7-5p-loaded exosomes in Rab27A and Rab27B-dependent manners. Loss of intracellular miR-7-5p induced phosphorylation of MNK/eIF4E axis, but a supplement of extra exosomal miR-7-5p could reverse it. Of note, both low expression of miR-7-5p and elevated MNK1 protein were associated with a poor prognosis of NSCLC. Both endogenous miR-7-5p and exo-miR-7-5p enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of Everolimus by inhibiting the proliferation, migration, and metastasis of NSCLC in vitro and in vivo. The combination of miR-7-5p with Everolimus induced apoptosis to exhibit a synergistic anticancer therapeutic efficacy through dual abrogation of MNK/eIF4E and mTOR in NSCLC. In conclusion, Everolimus decreases the intracellular miR-7-5p by releasing of miR-7-5p loaded exosomes from NSCLC cells in Rab27A and Rab27B dependent manners. Either endogenous miR-7-5p or exo-miR-7-5p combined with Everolimus can enhance the anticancer efficacy by targeting MNK/eIF4E axis and mTOR. Besides, both low levels of miR-7-5p and positive expression of MNK1 act as independent poor prognostic biomarkers for NSCLC. Therefore, restoring miR-7-5p carried by exosome may be a promising novel combined therapeutic strategy with Everolimus for NSCLC.
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Liu J, Xu WY, Ye M, Liu Z, Li C. Genetic Alteration Profiling of Chinese Lung Adenocarcinoma and Its Effect on Targeted Therapy Efficacy. Front Oncol 2022; 11:726547. [PMID: 34970478 PMCID: PMC8712938 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.726547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer and a highly heterogeneous disease with a diversity of phenotypes and genotypes in different populations. The purpose of this study is to investigate oncogenic alterations of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) in eastern China and their significance in targeted therapies. Methods This study enrolled 101 LUAD patients and used a customized DNA panel to detect molecular alterations. Comprehensive analysis of mutations and clinical application of genomic profiling was carried out. Results The most commonly mutated genes were epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (53%) and tumor protein p53 (TP53) (32%). The less frequently mutated genes were erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2) (25%), ATR serine/threonine kinase (ATR) (20%), CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (CEBPA) (16%), RB transcriptional corepressor 1 (RB1) (16%), transcription factor 7 like 2 (TCF7L2) (14%), ROS proto-oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1) (12%) and spectrin alpha, erythrocytic 1 (SPTA1) (12%). Among them, the frequency of ERBB2, ATR, CEBPA, RB1 and TCF7L2 mutations was much higher than that in the databases. Seventy percent of the patients harbored at least one actionable alteration according to the OncoKB evidence. CEBPA mutations affected the efficacy of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors. ERBB2, CEBPA and TCF7L2 mutated tumors tend to have higher tumor mutation burden (TMB). Conclusions LUAD patients from eastern China have a unique profile of mutations. The targeted DNA panel is helpful for personalized treatment decision of LUAD patients, and specific mutations may affect the efficacy of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang-Yang Xu
- Department of Medicine, Singlera Genomics (Shanghai) Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Maosong Ye
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilong Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Leelawat S, Leelawat K, Wannakup T, Saingam W, Khamthong N, Madaka F, Maha A, Pathompak P, Sueree L, Songsak T. Anticancer activity of Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol in vitro and in human lung cancer xenograft. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.350180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Zughaibi TA, Suhail M, Tarique M, Tabrez S. Targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway by Different Flavonoids: A Cancer Chemopreventive Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212455. [PMID: 34830339 PMCID: PMC8621356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is, globally, one of the main causes of death. Even though various therapies are available, they are still painful because of their adverse side effects. Available treatments frequently fail due to unpromising responses, resistance to classical anticancer drugs, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and low accessibility to tumor tissues. Developing novel strategies to minimize adverse side effects, improve chemotherapy sensitivity, and control cancer progression is needed. Many studies have suggested small dietary molecules as complementary treatments for cancer patients. Different components of herbal/edible plants, known as flavonoids, have recently garnered attention due to their broad biological properties (e.g., antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective). These flavonoids have shown anticancer activity by affecting different signaling cascades. This article summarizes the key progress made in this area and discusses the role of flavonoids by specifically inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torki A. Zughaibi
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Suhail
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (S.T.); Tel.: +966-533018148 (M.S.); +966-126401000 (ext. 25185) (S.T.); Fax: +966-126952076 (S.T.)
| | - Mohammad Tarique
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA;
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (S.T.); Tel.: +966-533018148 (M.S.); +966-126401000 (ext. 25185) (S.T.); Fax: +966-126952076 (S.T.)
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Chen F, Liu J, Flight RM, Naughton KJ, Lukyanchuk A, Edgin AR, Song X, Zhang H, Wong K, Moseley HNB, Wang C, Brainson CF. Cellular Origins of EGFR-Driven Lung Cancer Cells Determine Sensitivity to Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101999. [PMID: 34622577 PMCID: PMC8596110 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is one of the major precision medicine treatment options for lung adenocarcinoma. Due to common development of drug resistance to first- and second-generation TKIs, third-generation inhibitors, including osimertinib and rociletinib, have been developed. A model of EGFR-driven lung cancer and a method to develop tumors of distinct epigenetic states through 3D organotypic cultures are described here. It is discovered that activation of the EGFR T790M/L858R mutation in lung epithelial cells can drive lung cancers with alveolar or bronchiolar features, which can originate from alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells or bronchioalveolar stem cells, but not basal cells or club cells of the trachea. It is also demonstrated that these clones are able to retain their epigenetic differences through passaging orthotopically in mice and crucially that they have distinct drug vulnerabilities. This work serves as a blueprint for exploring how epigenetics can be used to stratify patients for precision medicine decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chen
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
- Present address:
Department of Medical OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Jinpeng Liu
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
| | - Robert M. Flight
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
- Markey Cancer CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
| | - Kassandra J. Naughton
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
| | - Alexsandr Lukyanchuk
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
| | - Abigail R. Edgin
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
| | - Xiulong Song
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
| | - Haikuo Zhang
- DNAtrix10355 Science Center Drive, Suite 110San DiegoCA92121USA
| | - Kwok‐Kin Wong
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer CenterNYU Langone Medical CenterNew York UniversityNew YorkNY10016USA
| | - Hunter N. B. Moseley
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
- Markey Cancer CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
| | - Chi Wang
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
- Markey Cancer CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
| | - Christine F. Brainson
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
- Markey Cancer CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
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Qing-Kai-Ling Injection Acts Better Than Shen-Fu Injection in Enhancing the Antitumor Effect of Gefitinib in Resistant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Models. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9911935. [PMID: 34646330 PMCID: PMC8505102 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9911935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Patients with EGFR gene mutation often obtain de novo resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) or develop secondary resistance to EGFR-TKIs after taking EGFR-TKI therapy. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with different treatment principles, in combination with EGFR-TKIs, plays an important role in the treatment of cancers including resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, inappropriate use of TCM herbs may induce resistance to gefitinib. Therefore, it is of a great value to evaluate which TCM treatment principle should be combined with EGFR-TKIs, and which one should be avoided, and find out the potential mechanisms. The lentiviral transfection assay was used for overexpression of PIK3CA mutation gene in PC-9 cells to construct PC-9-PIK3CA-mutation (PC-9-PIK3CA-M) cells. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the expression of EGFR/PI3K/AKT and EGFR/RAS/RAF/ERK in PC-9-PIK3CA-M and H1975 cells treated by the typical cooling-heat drug, Qing-kai-ling (QKL) and Tan-re-qing (TRQ), or the typical warming-yang drug, Shen-fu (SF) and gefitinib treatment, were detected by MTT, Annexin V/PI double labeling, and Western blot assays, respectively. Tumor xenograft and immunohistochemistry experiments were carried out to confirm the in vitro findings. PC-9-PIK3CA-M cells were less sensitive to gefitinib, when compared with PC-9 cells. QKL injection and TRQ injection, not SF injection, combined with gefitinib induced significantly increased cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in PC-9-PIK3CA-M and H1975 cells. SF injection antagonized the effect of gefitinib in promoting cancer cell apoptosis. QKL injection and TRQ injection increased the sensitivity of gefitinib by inhibiting the phosphorylation of AKT or ERK in H1975 and PC-9-PIK3CA-M cells. Similar findings were observed in vivo in H1975 xenograft mouse model. QKL and TRQ, with cooling-heat TCM treatment principle, should be combined with gefitinib in the treatment of NSCLC. Furthermore, warming-yang drug SF should be avoided to be used together with EGFR-TKIs.
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Kwon YM, Kim SH, Jung YS, Kwak JH. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of ( S)-2-(Substituted arylmethyl)-1-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrazino[1,2- a]indole-3-carboxamide Analogs and Their Synergistic Effect against PTEN-Deficient MDA-MB-468 Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100974. [PMID: 34681198 PMCID: PMC8537755 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of twenty-six compounds of furfuryl or benzyl tetrahydropyrazino[1,2-a]indole analogs were synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxic activity against the estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) over-expressed triple-negative breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-468). Among them, compounds 2b, 2f and 2i showed more potent activity and selectivity against MDA-MB-468 cells than gefitinib, as an EGFR- tyrosine kinase inhibitor. In addition, it was confirmed by means of isobologram analysis of combinational treatment with gefitinib that they have a synergistic effect, especially compounds 2b and 2f, which inhibit Akt T308 phosphorylation. Moreover, it was confirmed that 2-benzyl-1-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrazino[1,2-a]indole-3-carboxamide analogs (2b, 2f, and Ref 2) tend to selectively inhibit PI3Kβ, which is involved in the phosphorylation of Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Mi Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Korea;
| | - Sou Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.J.); (J.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-51-510-2816 (Y.-S.J.); +82-51-663-4889 (J.-H.K.)
| | - Jae-Hwan Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Korea;
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.J.); (J.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-51-510-2816 (Y.-S.J.); +82-51-663-4889 (J.-H.K.)
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Li Y, Xiao X, Wang H, Zhou Q, Jin Z, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yue F, Zhou S, Yang J. Integrating network pharmacology and experimental models to investigate the mechanisms of dihydroartemisinin in preventing NSCLC progression via mTOR/HIF-1α signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 909:174411. [PMID: 34390710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Advanced Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer with a poor prognosis. The anti-malaria compounds dihydroartemisinin (DHA) have shown to regulate multiple targets and signaling pathways in cancers, but a global view of its mechanism of action remains elusive. In present study, we integrated network pharmacology and in vitro and in vivo experimental models to investigate the mechanisms of DHA in preventing NSCLC proliferation. We first proved that DHA inhibits the growth of lung cancer via inducing cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, then we integrated information from publicly available databases to predict interactions between DHA and its potential targets in NSCLC, as well as the signaling pathways involved. In this way we identified 118 common targets of DHA and NSCLC, and further analyzed with the correlation between these targets by KEGG and GO analysis. Our data indicate that mTOR/HIF-1α signaling is one of potential critical pathways involved in DHA-induced tumor inhibition in NSCLC. Finally, the data from human and mouse lung cancer cell lines and in mouse Lewis lung cancer models showed that DHA does decrease the expression level of mTOR and HIF-1α which supported the potential roles of mTOR/HIF-1α Signaling in NSCLC and deserves further investigation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Artemisinins/pharmacology
- Artemisinins/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Progression
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Network Pharmacology
- Protein Interaction Maps/drug effects
- Protein Interaction Maps/genetics
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiaoqian Xiao
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Huili Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qi Zhou
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhao Jin
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Fuping Yue
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Shiyi Zhou
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jiahui Yang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Wei Y, Chen X, Ren X, Wang B, Zhang Q, Bu H, Qian J, Shao P. Identification of MX2 as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker for Sunitinib Resistance in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:680369. [PMID: 34306023 PMCID: PMC8299280 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.680369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antiangiogenic agents that specifically target vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), such as sunitinib, have been utilized as the standard therapy for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients. However, most patients eventually show no responses to the targeted drugs, and the mechanisms for the resistance remain unclear. This study is aimed to identify pivotal molecules and to uncover their potential functions involved in this adverse event in ccRCC treatment. Methods Two datasets, GSE64052 and GSE76068, were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the limma package in R software. The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted using clusterProfiler package. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built using the STRING database and Cytoscape software. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted using R software. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the MX2 and pathway expression in RCC cell lines. Sunitinib-resistant cell lines were constructed, and loss-of-function experiments were conducted by knocking down MX2. All statistical analyses were performed using R version 3.6.1 and SPSS 23.0. Results A total of 760 DEGs were derived from two datasets in GEO database, and five hub genes were identified, among which high-level MX2 exhibited a pronounced correlation with poor overall survival (OS) in sunitinib-resistant ccRCC patients. Clinical correlation analysis and Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) on MX2 showed that the upregulation of MX2 was significantly related to the malignant phenotype of ccRCC, and it was involved in several pathways and biological processes associated with anticancer drug resistance. qRT-PCR and Western blotting revealed that MX2 was distinctly upregulated in sunitinib-resistant RCC cell lines. Colony formation assay and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay showed that MX2 strongly promoted resistant capability to sunitinib of ccRCC cells. Conclusion MX2 is a potent indicator for sunitinib resistance and a therapeutic target in ccRCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuang Wei
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinglin Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohan Ren
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bao Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hengtao Bu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Qian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Shao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Zhu L, Xie S, Yang C, Hua N, Wu Y, Wang L, Ni W, Tong X, Fei M, Wang S. Current Progress in Investigating Mature T- and NK-Cell Lymphoma Gene Aberrations by Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:5275-5286. [PMID: 34239326 PMCID: PMC8259727 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s299505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite efforts to abrogate the severe threat to life posed by the profound malignancy of mature natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL), therapeutic advances still require further investigation of its inherent regulatory biochemical processes. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is an increasingly developing gene detection technique, which has been widely used in lymphoma genetic research in recent years. Targeted therapy based on the above studies has also generated a series of advances, making genetic mutation a new research hotspot in lymphoma. Advances in NKTCL-related gene mutations are reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Zhu
- Molecular diagnosis laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shufang Xie
- Molecular diagnosis laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Yang
- Molecular diagnosis laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nanni Hua
- Molecular diagnosis laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Wu
- Phase I clinical research center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Molecular diagnosis laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanmao Ni
- Molecular diagnosis laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangmin Tong
- Molecular diagnosis laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Fei
- Center of Health Management, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shibing Wang
- Molecular diagnosis laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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Synthesis, characterization, and miRNA-mediated PI3K suppressing activity of novel cisplatin-derived complexes of selenones. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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44
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Lai L, Shen Q, Wang Y, Chen L, Lai J, Wu Z, Jiang H. Polyphyllin I reverses the resistance of osimertinib in non-small cell lung cancer cell through regulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 419:115518. [PMID: 33812963 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is considered the main cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR-TKI, has been approved and administrated for treating patients with either EGFR T790M mutation or EGFR sensitive mutation. However, resistance to osimertinib emerges and has been considered to be the main obstacle in lung cancer treatment. Polyphyllin I is isolated from the natural herb Paris polyphylla and exhibits anti-cancer activities. In the present study, we identify Polyphyllin I to reverse the resistance of osimertinib in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that Polyphyllin I reversed the resistance of osimertinib through promoting apoptosis, modulating the PI3K/Akt signaling, and regulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in osimertinib-resistant cell lines. In vivo study confirmed the results, showing that the tumor growth was significantly suppressed in the Polyphyllin I/osimertinib group compared to the osimertinib group. It has been clarified that Polyphyllin I could reverse the resistance of osimertinib in osimertinib-resistant non-small cell of lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. The underlying mechanism might be related to the downregulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling and increase of the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, suggesting that Polyphyllin I was a promising therapeutic agent for reversing the resistance of osimertinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tongxiang First People's Hospital, Tongxiang, Zhejiang 314500, PR China
| | - Qiuping Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tongxiang First People's Hospital, Tongxiang, Zhejiang 314500, PR China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tongxiang First People's Hospital, Tongxiang, Zhejiang 314500, PR China
| | - Liting Chen
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China
| | - Jianjun Lai
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China
| | - Zhibing Wu
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China.
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China.
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45
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Karlsen EA, Kahler S, Tefay J, Joseph SR, Simpson F. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression and Resistance Patterns to Targeted Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Review. Cells 2021; 10:1206. [PMID: 34069119 PMCID: PMC8156654 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death. The majority of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumours express epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which allows for precise and targeted therapy in these patients. The dysregulation of EGFR in solid epithelial cancers has two distinct mechanisms: either a kinase-activating mutation in EGFR (EGFR-mutant) and/or an overexpression of wild-type EGFR (wt-EGFR). The underlying mechanism of EGFR dysregulation influences the efficacy of anti-EGFR therapy as well as the nature of resistance patterns and secondary mutations. This review will critically analyse the mechanisms of EGFR expression in NSCLC, its relevance to currently approved targeted treatment options, and the complex nature of secondary mutations and intrinsic and acquired resistance patterns in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma-Anne Karlsen
- Simpson Laboratory, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane 4102, Australia; (S.R.J.); (F.S.)
- Department of General Surgery, Mater Hospital Brisbane, South Brisbane 4101, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4067, Australia; (S.K.); (J.T.)
| | - Sam Kahler
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4067, Australia; (S.K.); (J.T.)
| | - Joan Tefay
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4067, Australia; (S.K.); (J.T.)
- Department of General Surgery, Redland Hospital, Cleveland 4163, Australia
| | - Shannon R. Joseph
- Simpson Laboratory, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane 4102, Australia; (S.R.J.); (F.S.)
| | - Fiona Simpson
- Simpson Laboratory, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane 4102, Australia; (S.R.J.); (F.S.)
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Vaclova T, Grazini U, Ward L, O'Neill D, Markovets A, Huang X, Chmielecki J, Hartmaier R, Thress KS, Smith PD, Barrett JC, Downward J, de Bruin EC. Clinical impact of subclonal EGFR T790M mutations in advanced-stage EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancers. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1780. [PMID: 33741979 PMCID: PMC7979775 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR T790M-positive tumours benefit from osimertinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI). Here we show that the size of the EGFR T790M-positive clone impacts response to osimertinib. T790M subclonality, as assessed by a retrospective NGS analysis of 289 baseline plasma ctDNA samples from T790M-positive advanced NSCLC patients from the AURA3 phase III trial, is associated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS), both in the osimertinib and the chemotherapy-treated patients. Both baseline and longitudinal ctDNA profiling indicate that the T790M subclonal tumours are enriched for PIK3CA alterations, which we demonstrate to confer resistance to osimertinib in vitro that can be partially reversed by PI3K pathway inhibitors. Overall, our results elucidate the impact of tumour heterogeneity on response to osimertinib in advanced stage NSCLC patients and could help define appropriate combination therapies in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Vaclova
- Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Lewis Ward
- Discovery Science, BioPharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel O'Neill
- Discovery Science, BioPharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Xiangning Huang
- Biometrics Oncology, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Ryan Hartmaier
- Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth S Thress
- Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
- Global Marketing Diagnostics, Oncology Business, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Paul D Smith
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Carl Barrett
- Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Elza C de Bruin
- Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
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Zhang DX, Vu LT, Ismail NN, Le MTN, Grimson A. Landscape of extracellular vesicles in the tumour microenvironment: Interactions with stromal cells and with non-cell components, and impacts on metabolic reprogramming, horizontal transfer of neoplastic traits, and the emergence of therapeutic resistance. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 74:24-44. [PMID: 33545339 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognised as a pivotal player in cell-cell communication, an attribute of EVs that derives from their ability to transport bioactive cargoes between cells, resulting in complex intercellular signalling mediated by EVs, which occurs under both physiological and pathological conditions. In the context of cancer, recent studies have demonstrated the versatile and crucial roles of EVs in the tumour microenvironment (TME). Here, we revisit EV biology, and focus on EV-mediated interactions between cancer cells and stromal cells, including fibroblasts, immune cells, endothelial cells and neurons. In addition, we focus on recent reports indicating interactions between EVs and non-cell constituents within the TME, including the extracellular matrix. We also review and summarise the intricate cancer-associated network modulated by EVs, which promotes metabolic reprogramming, horizontal transfer of neoplastic traits, and therapeutic resistance in the TME. We aim to provide a comprehensive and updated landscape of EVs in the TME, focusing on oncogenesis, cancer progression and therapeutic resistance, together with our future perspectives on the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Xin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Luyen Tien Vu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nur Nadiah Ismail
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Minh T N Le
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Andrew Grimson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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