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Ítavo LCV, Gurgel ALC, Ferreira Ítavo CCB, Cunha CS, Longhini VZ, Difante GDS, Dias AM, Santana JCS, Arcanjo AHM, Niwa MVG, Nonato LM, Tadeu dos Santos G, Chay-Canul AJ. In Vitro Digestibility and Models of Cumulative Gas Production of Forage-Free Diet. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3515. [PMID: 38003133 PMCID: PMC10668660 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Our objectives were to evaluate the use of cottonseed cake in replacing corn silage in a diet without forage and to identify the model with higher precision and accuracy of adjustment of parameters of ruminal degradation kinetics. A diet containing corn silage and another with cottonseed cake as a fiber source were formulated. Gompertz, Dual-pool Logistic, Brody, and Ørskov models were evaluated for goodness of fit to gas production. There were significant differences in dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in the in vitro digestibility for diets and fiber sources. The estimated values of the Gompertz (6.77), Brody (6.72), and Ørskov (6.73) models were similar to the observed mean of gas production in the corn silage diet (6.73 mL/100 mg DM). Similarly, the estimated values of the Brody (5.87) and Ørskov (5.89) models were similar to the observed mean of gas production in the cottonseed cake diet (5.87 mL/100 mg DM). The roughage-free diet containing cottonseed cake as a fiber source stimulated higher gas production. Brody and Ørskov models presented higher precision and accuracy in the fitting of kinetics of degradation independent of the fiber source in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (A.L.C.G.); (C.C.B.F.Í.); (C.S.C.); (V.Z.L.); (G.d.S.D.); (A.M.D.); (J.C.S.S.); (A.H.M.A.); (M.V.G.N.); (L.M.N.); (G.T.d.S.)
| | - Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (A.L.C.G.); (C.C.B.F.Í.); (C.S.C.); (V.Z.L.); (G.d.S.D.); (A.M.D.); (J.C.S.S.); (A.H.M.A.); (M.V.G.N.); (L.M.N.); (G.T.d.S.)
| | - Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Ítavo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (A.L.C.G.); (C.C.B.F.Í.); (C.S.C.); (V.Z.L.); (G.d.S.D.); (A.M.D.); (J.C.S.S.); (A.H.M.A.); (M.V.G.N.); (L.M.N.); (G.T.d.S.)
| | - Camila Soares Cunha
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (A.L.C.G.); (C.C.B.F.Í.); (C.S.C.); (V.Z.L.); (G.d.S.D.); (A.M.D.); (J.C.S.S.); (A.H.M.A.); (M.V.G.N.); (L.M.N.); (G.T.d.S.)
| | - Vanessa Zirondi Longhini
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (A.L.C.G.); (C.C.B.F.Í.); (C.S.C.); (V.Z.L.); (G.d.S.D.); (A.M.D.); (J.C.S.S.); (A.H.M.A.); (M.V.G.N.); (L.M.N.); (G.T.d.S.)
| | - Gelson dos Santos Difante
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (A.L.C.G.); (C.C.B.F.Í.); (C.S.C.); (V.Z.L.); (G.d.S.D.); (A.M.D.); (J.C.S.S.); (A.H.M.A.); (M.V.G.N.); (L.M.N.); (G.T.d.S.)
| | - Alexandre Menezes Dias
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (A.L.C.G.); (C.C.B.F.Í.); (C.S.C.); (V.Z.L.); (G.d.S.D.); (A.M.D.); (J.C.S.S.); (A.H.M.A.); (M.V.G.N.); (L.M.N.); (G.T.d.S.)
| | - Juliana Caroline Santos Santana
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (A.L.C.G.); (C.C.B.F.Í.); (C.S.C.); (V.Z.L.); (G.d.S.D.); (A.M.D.); (J.C.S.S.); (A.H.M.A.); (M.V.G.N.); (L.M.N.); (G.T.d.S.)
| | - Angelo Herbet Moreira Arcanjo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (A.L.C.G.); (C.C.B.F.Í.); (C.S.C.); (V.Z.L.); (G.d.S.D.); (A.M.D.); (J.C.S.S.); (A.H.M.A.); (M.V.G.N.); (L.M.N.); (G.T.d.S.)
| | - Marcus Vinicius Garcia Niwa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (A.L.C.G.); (C.C.B.F.Í.); (C.S.C.); (V.Z.L.); (G.d.S.D.); (A.M.D.); (J.C.S.S.); (A.H.M.A.); (M.V.G.N.); (L.M.N.); (G.T.d.S.)
| | - Lucimara Modesto Nonato
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (A.L.C.G.); (C.C.B.F.Í.); (C.S.C.); (V.Z.L.); (G.d.S.D.); (A.M.D.); (J.C.S.S.); (A.H.M.A.); (M.V.G.N.); (L.M.N.); (G.T.d.S.)
| | - Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (A.L.C.G.); (C.C.B.F.Í.); (C.S.C.); (V.Z.L.); (G.d.S.D.); (A.M.D.); (J.C.S.S.); (A.H.M.A.); (M.V.G.N.); (L.M.N.); (G.T.d.S.)
| | - Alfonso Juventino Chay-Canul
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86025, Mexico;
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Inácio AG, Ítavo CCBF, Dias AM, Dos Santos Difante G, de Queiroz JF, de Oliveira LCS, Dos Santos GT, Ítavo LCV. A new feed additive composed of urea and soluble carbohydrate coated with wax for controlled release in ruminal fluid. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4487. [PMID: 35296709 PMCID: PMC8927347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08372-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Urea is a compound widely used as a feed additive for ruminants; however, when used profusely, it can lead animals to intoxication. Another factor that affects the effectiveness of urea is the lack of synchronization between the nitrogen and the availability of carbohydrates, necessary for better development of the ruminal microbiota. In order to circumvent these problems and improve the efficiency in urea use, the present study developed two new nutritional additives (F16 and F17) with different carbohydrate sources. One of the products developed (F16) used sugarcane molasses as a carbohydrate source, while the other (F17) used cassava starch. In addition to the carbohydrate source, both products contained the same amounts of urea, sulfur, calcium carbonate and were coated with carnauba wax. The supplements developed and two other commercial products based on extruded urea (UE) and polymer-coated urea (UP) were tested for solubility and cumulative gas production. The wax used in the coating process of the developed products (F16 and F17) proved to be efficient in reducing the solubility of the ingredients used. During chemical composition analysis it was verified that both supplements developed contained protein equivalent above 150% of crude protein. The cumulative gas production showed a higher production related to the product F17 (p < 0.05). Through thermogravimetric analysis, it was found the chemical integrity of the ingredients that make up the supplements developed. Therefore, is possible to reduce the solubility of urea using carnauba wax as a coating material. The formula with cassava starch associated with urea (F17) had a better synchronization during the degradation of its ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Guimarães Inácio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, 2443 Senador Filinto Muller Ave., Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Ítavo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, 2443 Senador Filinto Muller Ave., Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Menezes Dias
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, 2443 Senador Filinto Muller Ave., Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Gelson Dos Santos Difante
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, 2443 Senador Filinto Muller Ave., Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Joice Ferreira de Queiroz
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, 1555 Senador Filinto Muller Ave., Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Lincoln Carlos Silva de Oliveira
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, 1555 Senador Filinto Muller Ave., Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Tadeu Dos Santos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, 2443 Senador Filinto Muller Ave., Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, 2443 Senador Filinto Muller Ave., Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil.
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