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Chen GW, Wang L, Wu F, Sun XJ, Dong ZM, Sluys R, Yu F, Yu-wen YQ, Liu DZ. Two new species of Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from the subtropical monsoon region in Southern China, with a discussion on reproductive modalities. BMC ZOOL 2022; 7:25. [PMID: 37170346 PMCID: PMC10126995 DOI: 10.1186/s40850-022-00127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Freshwater planarians of the genus Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) are distributed in a major part of the Old World and Australia, although until recently only very few species were known from China.
Results
Two new species of Dugesia from Southern China are described on the basis of an integrative taxonomic approach. BI and ML phylogenetic trees based on the independent genes and on the concatenated dataset had similar topologies, only differing in some nodes that were weakly supported. Phylogenetic trees based on the concatenated dataset revealed that D. adunca Chen & Sluys, sp. nov. and D. tumida Chen & Sluys, sp. nov. are not closely related and belong to different clades. The two new species occupy separate long branches with high support values and, thus, are well-differentiated from their congeners. Separate species status of D. adunca and D. tumida is supported also by the genetic distances between the species included in our analysis, albeit that COI distances varied greatly among species. Dugesia adunca from Guangxi Province is characterized by the following features: living mature animals rather small; asymmetrical openings of the oviducts into the bursal canal; penis papilla with shape of an aquiline bill, albeit with a blunt tip; asymmetrical penis papilla, with a large antero-dorsal lip and a much smaller ventro-posterior lip; very large seminal vesicle, provided with trabeculae; small diaphragm; mixoploid karyotype with diploid complements of 2n = 2x = 16 and triploid complements of 2n = 3x = 24, with all chromosomes being metacentric. Dugesia tumida from Guangdong Province is characterized by a penis papilla provided with a large, symmetrical penial valve from the middle of which arises the small, distal section of the papilla; a duct intercalated between the seminal vesicle and the small diaphragm; ventrally displaced ejaculatory duct curving upwards before opening to the exterior; penis papilla highly asymmetrical, having a slim and long ventral portion and a short and stubby dorsal part; vasa deferentia separately opening into antero-dorsal portion of seminal vesicle; oviducts openings symmetrically into ventral portion of the bursal canal, near its opening into the atrium; mixoploid karyotype, with diploid chromosome portraits of 2n = 2x = 16, and triploid complements of 2n = 3x = 24, with all chromosomes being metacentric. In the context of the various kinds of mixoploidy and the sexualization of specimens, reproductive modalities within the genus Dugesia are shortly discussed.
Conclusion
Molecular, morphological, and karyological markers show that the two populations examined represent members of the genus Dugesia and constitute two new, distinct species.
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Wang L, Chen JZ, Dong ZM, Chen GW, Sluys R, Liu DZ. Two new species of Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from the tropical monsoon forest in southern China. Zookeys 2021; 1059:89-116. [PMID: 34594150 PMCID: PMC8443540 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new species of the genus Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from the tropical monsoon forest in southern China are described on the basis of an integrative taxonomic study involving morphology, karyology, histology, and molecular analyses. The new species Dugesiacircumcisa Chen & Dong, sp. nov. is characterised by asymmetrical openings of the oviducts; right vas deferens opening at anterior portion of the seminal vesicle and the left one opening at mid-lateral portion of the seminal vesicle; two diaphragms in ejaculatory duct, the latter being ventrally displaced and opening at the tip of the penis papilla, which is provided with a nozzle; wide duct connecting male atrium and common atrium; chromosome complement triploid with 24 metacentric chromosomes. The other new species, Dugesiaverrucula Chen & Dong, sp. nov., is characterised by the large size of the living worm, usually exceeding 3.5 cm in length; asymmetrical openings of the oviducts; subterminal opening of ventrally displaced ejaculatory duct; vasa deferentia symmetrically opening into the postero-lateral portion of the seminal vesicle; well-developed duct between the seminal vesicle and diaphragm; single dorsal bump near the root of the penis papilla; bursal canal with pleated wall and spacious posterior section; unstalked cocoons; chromosome complement diploid with 16 metacentric chromosomes. Inter-specific molecular distances and their positions in the phylogenetic tree reveal that D.circumcisa and D.verrucula are clearly separated from their congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China Henan Normal University Xinxiang China.,Medical College, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China Naturalis Biodiversity Center Leiden Netherlands
| | - Jin-Zi Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China Henan Normal University Xinxiang China
| | - Zi-Mei Dong
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China Henan Normal University Xinxiang China
| | - Guang-Wen Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China Henan Normal University Xinxiang China
| | - Ronald Sluys
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Xinxiang University Xinxiang China
| | - De-Zeng Liu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China Henan Normal University Xinxiang China
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Wang L, Dong ZM, Chen GW, Sluys R, Liu DZ. Integrative descriptions of two new species of Dugesia from Hainan Island, China (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae). Zookeys 2021; 1028:1-28. [PMID: 33883965 PMCID: PMC8041735 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1028.60838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new species of the genus Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from Hainan Island of China are described on the basis of morphological, karyological and molecular data. Dugesiasemiglobosa Chen & Dong, sp. nov. is mainly characterized by a hemispherical, asymmetrical penis papilla with ventrally displaced ejaculatory duct opening terminally at tip of penis papilla; vasa deferentia separately opening into mid-dorsal portion of intrabulbar seminal vesicle; two diaphragms in the ejaculatory duct; copulatory bursa formed by expansion of bursal canal, lined with complex stratified epithelium, which projects through opening in bursa towards intestine, without having open communication with the gut; mixoploid chromosome complement diploid (2n = 16) and triploid (3n = 24), with metacentric chromosomes. Dugesiamajuscula Chen & Dong, sp. nov. is mainly characterized by oviducts opening asymmetrically into female reproductive system; hyperplasic ovaries; expanded posterior section of bursal canal; vasa deferentia separately opening into mid-dorsal portion of seminal vesicle; asymmetrical penis papilla due to ventral course of ejaculatory duct, which has subterminal and dorsal opening at tip papilla; mixoploid chromosome complement diploid (2n = 16) and triploid (3n = 24); chromosomes metacentric. Apart from their anatomy, separate species status of the two new species is supported also by their genetic distances and by their positions in the phylogenetic tree. The sexualization process may have been induced by the lower temperatures, in comparison with their natural habitat, under which the worms were cultured in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China Henan Normal University Xinxiang China.,Medical College, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China Naturalis Biodiversity Center Leiden Netherlands
| | - Zi-Mei Dong
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China Henan Normal University Xinxiang China
| | - Guang-Wen Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China Henan Normal University Xinxiang China
| | - Ronald Sluys
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands Xinxiang University Xinxiang China
| | - De-Zeng Liu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China Henan Normal University Xinxiang China
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Harrath AH, Sluys R, Mansour L, Lekeufack Folefack G, Aldahmash W, Alwasel S, Solà E, Riutort M. Molecular and morphological identification of two new African species of Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from Cameroon. J NAT HIST 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.1577508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Halim Harrath
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- University of Tunis El Manar, Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ronald Sluys
- Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lamjed Mansour
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guy Lekeufack Folefack
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Waleed Aldahmash
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alwasel
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eduard Solà
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Riutort
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Stocchino GA, Sluys R, Riutort M, Solà E, Manconi R. Freshwater planarian diversity (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Dugesiidae) in Madagascar: new species, cryptic species, with a redefinition of character states. Zool J Linn Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Harrath AH, Semlali A, Mansour L, Aldahmash W, Omar SYA, Anazi MSA, Nyengaard JR, Alwasel S. Dynamics of Cytokine-like Activity in the Hyperplasic Ovary of Ex-fissiparous Planarians. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2017; 232:12-18. [PMID: 28445093 DOI: 10.1086/691408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The origin of infertility in the hyperplasic ovary of ex-fissiparous planarians remains poorly understood. In a previous study we demonstrated that a complex process of early autophagy, followed by apoptotic processes, occurs in the hyperplasic ovary of the freshwater planarian Dugesia arabica. The present study aimed to investigate whether the mRNA expression levels of selected mRNA-like genes are altered in the hyperplasic ovary of the ex-fissiparous freshwater planarian D. arabica compared to the normal ovary. Using human cytokine-specific primers including interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), we have successfully amplified by real-time polymerase chain reaction some transcripts that could be similar to those amplified in human. The transcript levels of the human-like transcript (IL-1-like and TNF-α-like) were significantly higher, 4.89- and 3.41-fold, respectively, in the hyperplasic ovary compared to the normal ovary (P < 0.05). However, although IL-6-like levels were higher in the hyperplasic ovary than the normal ovary (2.57-fold), this difference was not significant (P > 0.05). Immunohistochemical labeling supported the quantitative real-time PCR, showing that, like their respective mRNA expression levels, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α-like proteins are more highly expressed in the hyperplasic ovary than in the normal ovary.
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Harrath AH, Mansour L, Lagnika M, Sluys R, Boutin C, Alwasel S, Poch A, Riutort M. A molecular analysis of the phylogenetic position of the suborder Cavernicola within the Tricladida (Platyhelminthes), with the description of a new species of stygobiont flatworm from Benin. Zool J Linn Soc 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Halim Harrath
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences; King Saud University; P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis; UR11ES12 Biologie de la Reproduction et du Développement Animal; Université de Tunis El Manar; Tunis 2092 Tunisia
| | - Lamjed Mansour
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences; King Saud University; P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Moïssou Lagnika
- Département de Zoologie; Faculté des Sciences et Techniques; Université d'Abomey-Calavi; 01 BP: 526 Cotonou Republic of Benin
| | - Ronald Sluys
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center; P.O. Box 9517 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Claude Boutin
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ÉCOLAB); UMR n°5245 (CNRS-UPS-INPT); Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III; Bâtiment. 4R1, 118 route de Narbonne F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 04 France
| | - Saleh Alwasel
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences; King Saud University; P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Arnau Poch
- Departament de Genètica; Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio); Universitat de Barcelona; Avinguda Diagonal 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Marta Riutort
- Departament de Genètica; Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio); Universitat de Barcelona; Avinguda Diagonal 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
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Harrath AH, Semlali A, Mansour L, Ahmed M, Sirotkin AV, Al Omar SY, Arfah M, Al Anazi MS, Alhazza IM, Nyengaard JR, Alwasel S. Infertility in the hyperplasic ovary of freshwater planarians: the role of programmed cell death. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 358:607-20. [PMID: 25107610 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1971-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ex-fissiparous planarians produce infertile cocoons or, in very rare cases, cocoons with very low fertility. Here, we describe the features of programmed cell death (PCD) occurring in the hyperplasic ovary of the ex-fissiparous freshwater planarian Dugesia arabica that may explain this infertility. Based on TEM results, we demonstrate a novel extensive co-clustering of cytoplasmic organelles, such as lysosomes and microtubules, and their fusion with autophagosomes during the early stage of oocyte cell death occurring through an autophagic pattern. During a later stage of cell death, the generation of apoptotic vesicles in the cytoplasm can be observed. The immunohistochemical labeling supports the ultrastructural results because it has been shown that the proapoptotic protein bax was more highly expressed in the hyperplasic ovary than in the normal one, whereas the anti-apoptotic protein bcl2 was slightly more highly expressed in the normal ovary compared to the hyperplasic one. TUNEL analysis of the hyperplasic ovary confirmed that the nuclei of the majority of differentiating oocytes were TUNEL-positive, whereas the nuclei of oogonia and young oocytes were TUNEL-negative; in the normal ovary, oocytes are TUNEL-negative. Considering all of these data, we suggest that the cell death mechanism of differentiating oocytes in the hyperplasic ovary of freshwater planarians is one of the most important factors that cause ex-fissiparous planarian infertility. We propose that autophagy precedes apoptosis during oogenesis, whereas apoptotic features can be observed later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Halim Harrath
- Zoology Department College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia,
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Stocchino GA, Sluys R, Manconi R. A new and aberrant species of Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from Madagascar. Zookeys 2014:71-88. [PMID: 25147450 PMCID: PMC4137307 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.425.7811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we report a new species of Dugesia of the family Dugesiidae from Madagascar, representing the fourth species of freshwater planarian known from this global biodiversity hotspot. In some respects the new species is aberrant, when compared with its congeners, being characterized by a head with smoothly rounded auricles, a peculiar course of the oviducts, including the presence of a common posterior extension, and by the asymmetrical openings of the vasa deferentia at about halfway along the seminal vesicle. Further, it is characterized by a ventral course of the ejaculatory duct with a terminal opening, very long spermiducal vesicles and unstalked cocoons. Its diploid chromosome complement with 18 chromosomes represents an uncommon feature among fissiparous species of Dugesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacinta Angela Stocchino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio, Via Muroni 25, University of Sassari, I-07100, Italy
| | - Ronald Sluys
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Renata Manconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio, Via Muroni 25, University of Sassari, I-07100, Italy
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Sluys R, Solà E, Gritzalis K, Vila-Farré M, Mateos E, Riutort M. Integrative delineation of species of Mediterranean freshwater planarians (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Dugesiidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Sluys
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center; PO Box 9514 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics; University of Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Eduard Solà
- Departament de Genètica; Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio); Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | | | - Miquel Vila-Farré
- Departament de Genètica; Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio); Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Catalonia Spain
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics; Dresden Germany
| | - Eduardo Mateos
- Departament de Genètica; Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio); Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - Marta Riutort
- Departament de Genètica; Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio); Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Catalonia Spain
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Stocchino GA, Sluys R, Deri P, Manconi R. Integrative taxonomy of a new species of planarian from the Lake Ohrid basin, including an analysis of biogeographical patterns in freshwater triclads from the Ohrid region (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae). Zookeys 2013:25-43. [PMID: 23840163 PMCID: PMC3701229 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.313.5363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species of the genus Dugesia is described from the Lake Ohrid region in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula, forming the first fully documented species description for this genus in the Ohrid area. The morphological species delimitation is supported by complementary molecular, karyological, and cytogenetic data available from the literature. Therefore, species delineation is based on a truly integrative approach. Further, a short account on the degree of freshwater planarian endemicity in the Ohrid region is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacinta Angela Stocchino
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources, Via Muroni 25, I-07100, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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