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Grycel K, Larsen NY, Feng Y, Qvortrup K, Jensen PH, Fayyaz M, Madsen MG, Midtgaard J, Xu Z, Hasselholt S, Nyengaard JR. CRMP2 conditional knockout changes axonal function and ultrastructure of axons in mice corpus callosum. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 126:103882. [PMID: 37479154 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) is a member of a protein family, which is highly involved in neurodevelopment, but most of its members become heavily downregulated in adulthood. CRMP2 is an important factor in neuronal polarization, axonal formation and growth cone collapse. The protein remains expressed in adulthood, but is more region specific. CRMP2 is present in adult corpus callosum (CC) and in plastic areas like prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. CRMP2 has been implicated as one of the risk-genes for Schizophrenia (SZ). Here, a CRMP2 conditional knockout (CRMP2-cKO) mouse was used as a model of SZ to investigate how it could affect the white matter and therefore brain connectivity. Multielectrode electrophysiology (MEA) was used to study the function of corpus callosum showing an increase in conduction velocity (CV) measured as Compound Action Potentials (CAPs) in acute brain slices. Light- and electron-microscopy, specifically Serial Block-face Scanning Electron Microscopy (SBF-SEM), methods were used to study the structure of CC in CRMP2-cKO mice. A decrease in CC volume of CRMP2-cKO mice as compared to controls was observed. No differences were found in numbers nor in the size of CC oligodendrocytes (OLs). Similarly, no differences were found in myelin thickness or in node of Ranvier (NR) structure. In contrast, abnormally smaller axons were measured in the CRMP2-cKO mice. Using these state-of-the-art methods it was possible to shed light on specific parts of the dysconnectivity aspect of deletion of CRMP2 related to SZ and add details to previous findings helping further understanding the disease. This paper substantiates the white matter changes in the absence of CRMP2 and ties it to the role it plays in this complex disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grycel
- Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Sino-Danish College (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Nick Y Larsen
- Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Yinghang Feng
- Sino-Danish College (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Klaus Qvortrup
- Core Facility for Integrated Microscopy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Poul Henning Jensen
- DANDRITE, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Mishal Fayyaz
- Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Sino-Danish College (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Malene G Madsen
- Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Jens Midtgaard
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Zhiheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Stine Hasselholt
- Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Sino-Danish College (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
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Hu X, Buhl CS, Sjogaard MB, Schousboe K, Mizrak HI, Kufaishi H, Hansen CS, Yderstræde KB, Jensen TS, Nyengaard JR, Karlsson P. Structural Changes of Cutaneous Immune Cells in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes and Their Relationship With Diabetic Polyneuropathy. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2023; 10:e200144. [PMID: 37527931 PMCID: PMC10393274 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is a complication of diabetes characterized by pain or lack of peripheral sensation, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Recent evidence showed increased cutaneous macrophage infiltration in patients with type 2 diabetes and painful DPN, and this study aimed to understand whether the same applies to type 1 diabetes. METHODS The study included 104 participants: 26 healthy controls and 78 participants with type 1 diabetes (participants without DPN [n = 24], participants with painless DPN [n = 29], and participants with painful DPN [n = 25]). Two immune cells, dermal IBA1+ macrophages and epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs, CD207+), were visualized and quantified using immunohistological labeling and stereological counting methods on skin biopsies from the participants. The IBA1+ macrophage infiltration, LC number density, LC soma cross-sectional area, and LC processes were measured in this study. RESULTS Significant difference in IBA1+ macrophage expression was seen between the groups (p = 0.003), with lower expression of IBA1 in participants with DPN. No differences in LC morphologies (LC number density, soma cross-sectional area, and process level) were found between the groups (all p > 0.05). In addition, IBA1+ macrophages, but not LCs, correlated with intraepidermal nerve fiber density, Michigan neuropathy symptom inventory, (questionnaire and total score), severity of neuropathy as assessed by the Toronto clinical neuropathy score, and vibration detection threshold in the whole study cohort. DISCUSSION This study showed expressional differences of cutaneous IBA1+ macrophages but not LC in participants with type 1 diabetes-induced DPN compared with those in controls. The study suggests that a reduction in macrophages may play a role in the development and progression of autoimmune-induced diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Hu
- From the Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University (X.H., M.B.S., J.R.N., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (H.I.M., H.K., C.S.H.); Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus (C.B., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Odense (K.S., K.B.Y.); Aarhus University Hospital (T.S.J., J.R.N.), Denmark
| | - Christian S Buhl
- From the Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University (X.H., M.B.S., J.R.N., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (H.I.M., H.K., C.S.H.); Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus (C.B., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Odense (K.S., K.B.Y.); Aarhus University Hospital (T.S.J., J.R.N.), Denmark
| | - Marie B Sjogaard
- From the Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University (X.H., M.B.S., J.R.N., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (H.I.M., H.K., C.S.H.); Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus (C.B., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Odense (K.S., K.B.Y.); Aarhus University Hospital (T.S.J., J.R.N.), Denmark
| | - Karoline Schousboe
- From the Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University (X.H., M.B.S., J.R.N., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (H.I.M., H.K., C.S.H.); Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus (C.B., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Odense (K.S., K.B.Y.); Aarhus University Hospital (T.S.J., J.R.N.), Denmark
| | - Hatice I Mizrak
- From the Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University (X.H., M.B.S., J.R.N., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (H.I.M., H.K., C.S.H.); Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus (C.B., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Odense (K.S., K.B.Y.); Aarhus University Hospital (T.S.J., J.R.N.), Denmark
| | - Huda Kufaishi
- From the Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University (X.H., M.B.S., J.R.N., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (H.I.M., H.K., C.S.H.); Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus (C.B., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Odense (K.S., K.B.Y.); Aarhus University Hospital (T.S.J., J.R.N.), Denmark
| | - Christian S Hansen
- From the Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University (X.H., M.B.S., J.R.N., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (H.I.M., H.K., C.S.H.); Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus (C.B., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Odense (K.S., K.B.Y.); Aarhus University Hospital (T.S.J., J.R.N.), Denmark
| | - Knud B Yderstræde
- From the Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University (X.H., M.B.S., J.R.N., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (H.I.M., H.K., C.S.H.); Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus (C.B., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Odense (K.S., K.B.Y.); Aarhus University Hospital (T.S.J., J.R.N.), Denmark
| | - Troels S Jensen
- From the Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University (X.H., M.B.S., J.R.N., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (H.I.M., H.K., C.S.H.); Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus (C.B., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Odense (K.S., K.B.Y.); Aarhus University Hospital (T.S.J., J.R.N.), Denmark
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- From the Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University (X.H., M.B.S., J.R.N., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (H.I.M., H.K., C.S.H.); Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus (C.B., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Odense (K.S., K.B.Y.); Aarhus University Hospital (T.S.J., J.R.N.), Denmark
| | - Pall Karlsson
- From the Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University (X.H., M.B.S., J.R.N., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (H.I.M., H.K., C.S.H.); Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus (C.B., P.K.); Steno Diabetes Center Odense (K.S., K.B.Y.); Aarhus University Hospital (T.S.J., J.R.N.), Denmark.
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Bjørn S, Nielsen TD, Jensen AE, Jessen C, Kolsen-Petersen JA, Moriggl B, Hoermann R, Nyengaard JR, Bendtsen TF. The anterior branch of the medial femoral cutaneous nerve innervates the anterior knee: a randomized volunteer trial. Minerva Anestesiol 2023; 89:643-652. [PMID: 36852567 DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.22.16910-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The midline skin incision for total knee arthroplasty may be an important generator of chronic neuropathic pain. The incision is innervated by the medial femoral cutaneous nerve (MFCN), the intermediate femoral cutaneous nerves (IFCN) and the infrapatellar branch from the saphenous nerve. The MFCN divides into an anterior (MFCN-A) and a posterior branch (MFCN-P). The primary aim was to compare the areas anesthesized by MFCN-A versus MFCN-P block for coverage of the incision. METHODS Nineteen healthy volunteers had IFCN and saphenous nerve blocks. The subgroup of volunteers with a non-anesthetized gap between the areas anesthetized by the saphenous and the IFCN blocks was defined as the study group for the primary outcome. Subsequently selective MFCN-A block and MFCN block (MFCN-A + MFCN-P) were performed to investigate the contributions from MFCN-A and MFCN-P to the innervation of the midline incision. All assessments were performed blinded. RESULTS Ten out of 19 volunteers had a non-anesthetized gap. Nine out of these 10 volunteers had coverage of the non-anesthetized gap after selective anesthesia of the MFCN-A, whereas anesthesia of the MFCN-P did not contribute to coverage of the gap in any of the 10 volunteers. CONCLUSIONS In half of the cases, a gap of non-anesthetized skin was present on the surgical midline incision after anesthesia of the saphenous nerve and the IFCN. This gap was covered by selective anesthesia of the MFCN-A without contribution from MFCN-P. The selective MFCN-A block may be relevant for diagnosis and interventional management of neuropathic pain due to injury of MFCN-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siska Bjørn
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas D Nielsen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark -
| | - Anne E Jensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian Jessen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Anesthesiology, Horsens Regional Hospital, Horsens, Denmark
| | - Jens A Kolsen-Petersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bernhard Moriggl
- Institute of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Romed Hoermann
- Institute of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Pathology, Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas F Bendtsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Gylfadottir SS, Itani M, Kristensen AG, Nyengaard JR, Sindrup SH, Jensen TS, Finnerup NB, Karlsson P. Assessing Corneal Confocal Microscopy and Other Small Fiber Measures in Diabetic Polyneuropathy. Neurology 2023; 100:e1680-e1690. [PMID: 36750383 PMCID: PMC10115507 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000206902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Damage to small nerve fibers is common in diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN), and the diagnosis of DPN relies on subjective symptoms and signs in a combination with objective confirmatory tests, typically electrophysiology or intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) from skin biopsy. Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) has been introduced as a tool to detect DPN. However, it is unclear if CCM can reliably be used to diagnose DPN and how the technique compares with other commonly used measures of small fiber damage, such as IENFD, cold detection threshold (CDT), and warm detection threshold (WDT). Therefore, we assessed and compared the use of CCM, IENFD, CDT, and WDT in the diagnosis of DPN in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this cohort study, the participants underwent detailed neurologic examination, electrophysiology, quantification of IENFD, CCM, and quantitative sensory testing. Definition of DPN was made in accordance with the Toronto criteria for diabetic neuropathy (without relying on IENFD and thermal thresholds). RESULTS A total of 214 patients with at least probable DPN, 63 patients without DPN, and 97 controls without diabetes were included. Patients with DPN had lower CCM measures (corneal nerve fiber length [CNFL], nerve fiber density, and branch density), IENFD, CDT, and WDT compared with patients without DPN (p ≤ 0.001, <0.001, 0.002, p < 0.001, p = 0.003, and <0.005, respectively), whereas there was no difference between controls and patients with diabetes without DPN. All 3 CCM measures showed a very low diagnostic sensitivity with CNFL showing the highest (14.4% [95% CI 9.8-18.4]) and a specificity of 95.7% (88.0-99.1). In comparison, the sensitivity of abnormal CDT and/or WDT was 30.5% (24.4-37.0) with a specificity of 84.9% (74.6-92.2). The sensitivity of abnormal IENFD was highest among all measures with a value of 51.1% (43.7-58.5) and a specificity of 90% (79.5-96.2). CCM measures did not correlate with IENFD, CDT/WDT, or neuropathy severity in the group of patients with DPN. DISCUSSION CCM measures showed the lowest sensitivity compared with other small fiber measures in the diagnosis of DPN. This indicates that CCM is not a sensitive method to detect DPN in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class III evidence that CCM measures aid in the detection of DPN in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetics but with a low sensitivity when compared with other small fiber measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra S Gylfadottir
- From the Department of Clinical Medicine (S.S.G., T.S.J., N.B.F., P.K.), Danish Pain Research Centre, and Core Centre for Molecular Morphology (J.R.N., P.K.), Aarhus University; Departments of Neurology (S.S.G, T.S.J., N.B.F.), Clinical Neurophysiology (A.G.K.), and Pathology (J.R.N.), Aarhus University Hospital; and Department of Neurology (M.I., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Mustapha Itani
- From the Department of Clinical Medicine (S.S.G., T.S.J., N.B.F., P.K.), Danish Pain Research Centre, and Core Centre for Molecular Morphology (J.R.N., P.K.), Aarhus University; Departments of Neurology (S.S.G, T.S.J., N.B.F.), Clinical Neurophysiology (A.G.K.), and Pathology (J.R.N.), Aarhus University Hospital; and Department of Neurology (M.I., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Alexander G Kristensen
- From the Department of Clinical Medicine (S.S.G., T.S.J., N.B.F., P.K.), Danish Pain Research Centre, and Core Centre for Molecular Morphology (J.R.N., P.K.), Aarhus University; Departments of Neurology (S.S.G, T.S.J., N.B.F.), Clinical Neurophysiology (A.G.K.), and Pathology (J.R.N.), Aarhus University Hospital; and Department of Neurology (M.I., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- From the Department of Clinical Medicine (S.S.G., T.S.J., N.B.F., P.K.), Danish Pain Research Centre, and Core Centre for Molecular Morphology (J.R.N., P.K.), Aarhus University; Departments of Neurology (S.S.G, T.S.J., N.B.F.), Clinical Neurophysiology (A.G.K.), and Pathology (J.R.N.), Aarhus University Hospital; and Department of Neurology (M.I., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Søren Hein Sindrup
- From the Department of Clinical Medicine (S.S.G., T.S.J., N.B.F., P.K.), Danish Pain Research Centre, and Core Centre for Molecular Morphology (J.R.N., P.K.), Aarhus University; Departments of Neurology (S.S.G, T.S.J., N.B.F.), Clinical Neurophysiology (A.G.K.), and Pathology (J.R.N.), Aarhus University Hospital; and Department of Neurology (M.I., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Troels S Jensen
- From the Department of Clinical Medicine (S.S.G., T.S.J., N.B.F., P.K.), Danish Pain Research Centre, and Core Centre for Molecular Morphology (J.R.N., P.K.), Aarhus University; Departments of Neurology (S.S.G, T.S.J., N.B.F.), Clinical Neurophysiology (A.G.K.), and Pathology (J.R.N.), Aarhus University Hospital; and Department of Neurology (M.I., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Nanna B Finnerup
- From the Department of Clinical Medicine (S.S.G., T.S.J., N.B.F., P.K.), Danish Pain Research Centre, and Core Centre for Molecular Morphology (J.R.N., P.K.), Aarhus University; Departments of Neurology (S.S.G, T.S.J., N.B.F.), Clinical Neurophysiology (A.G.K.), and Pathology (J.R.N.), Aarhus University Hospital; and Department of Neurology (M.I., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Pall Karlsson
- From the Department of Clinical Medicine (S.S.G., T.S.J., N.B.F., P.K.), Danish Pain Research Centre, and Core Centre for Molecular Morphology (J.R.N., P.K.), Aarhus University; Departments of Neurology (S.S.G, T.S.J., N.B.F.), Clinical Neurophysiology (A.G.K.), and Pathology (J.R.N.), Aarhus University Hospital; and Department of Neurology (M.I., S.H.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark.
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5
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Rasmussen TK, Karlsson P, Finnerup NB, Jensen TS, Nyengaard JR, Terkelsen AJ. Functional and structural markers of peripheral microvascular autonomic neuropathy. Muscle Nerve 2023; 67:146-153. [PMID: 36504143 PMCID: PMC10108116 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Autonomic dysfunction is a common complication of small-fiber neuropathy (SFN). In this study we aimed to assess the applicability of autonomic microvascular indices as a potential marker for SFN assessment. METHODS Fifteen patients with confirmed SFN (idiopathic neuropathy [n = 10], chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy [n = 2], impaired glucose tolerance [n = 1], hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (hATTR) [n = 1], pulmonary sarcoidosis [n = 1]) and 15 matched control subjects underwent assessment of vascular skin responses assessed through laser Doppler flowmetry and evaluation of microvascular vessel and nerve density in skin biopsies. All participants underwent peripheral autonomic evaluation by quantitative sudomotor axon reflex testing (QSART). RESULTS We found no significant differences in vascular skin responses, or in any microvascular skin biopsy markers, when comparing SFN with control subjects. We found no correlation between vascular skin responses and skin biopsy indices. We saw no significant difference in any microvascular indices when comparing subjects with and without impaired sudomotor function. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest markers of peripheral microvascular innervation and function are not associated with the diagnosis of SFN. Furthermore, we saw no association between microvascular markers and sudomotor function, suggesting that these are independent and unrelated components of the autonomic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten K Rasmussen
- Danish Pain Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Páll Karlsson
- Danish Pain Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nanna B Finnerup
- Danish Pain Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Troels S Jensen
- Danish Pain Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Astrid J Terkelsen
- Danish Pain Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Larsen NY, Vihrs N, Møller J, Sporring J, Tan X, Li X, Ji G, Rajkowska G, Sun F, Nyengaard JR. Layer III pyramidal cells in the prefrontal cortex reveal morphological changes in subjects with depression, schizophrenia, and suicide. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:363. [PMID: 36064829 PMCID: PMC9445178 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02128-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Brodmann Area 46 (BA46) has long been regarded as a hotspot of disease pathology in individuals with schizophrenia (SCH) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Pyramidal neurons in layer III of the Brodmann Area 46 (BA46) project to other cortical regions and play a fundamental role in corticocortical and thalamocortical circuits. The AutoCUTS-LM pipeline was used to study the 3-dimensional structural morphology and spatial organization of pyramidal cells. Using quantitative light microscopy, we used stereology to calculate the entire volume of layer III in BA46 and the total number and density of pyramidal cells. Volume tensors estimated by the planar rotator quantified the volume, shape, and nucleus displacement of pyramidal cells. All of these assessments were carried out in four groups of subjects: controls (C, n = 10), SCH (n = 10), MDD (n = 8), and suicide subjects with a history of depression (SU, n = 11). SCH subjects had a significantly lower somal volume, total number, and density of pyramidal neurons when compared to C and tended to show a volume reduction in layer III of BA46. When comparing MDD subjects with C, the measured parameters were inclined to follow SCH, although there was only a significant reduction in pyramidal total cell number. While no morphometric differences were observed between SU and MDD, SU had a significantly higher total number of pyramidal cells and nucleus displacement than SCH. Finally, no differences in the spatial organization of pyramidal cells were found among groups. These results suggest that despite significant morphological alterations in layer III of BA46, which may impair prefrontal connections in people with SCH and MDD, the spatial organization of pyramidal cells remains the same across the four groups and suggests no defects in neuronal migration. The increased understanding of pyramidal cell biology may provide the cellular basis for symptoms and neuroimaging observations in SCH and MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Y. Larsen
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XCentre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aalborg University, Aarhus University and University of Copenhagen, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ninna Vihrs
- grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jesper Møller
- grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XCentre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aalborg University, Aarhus University and University of Copenhagen, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jon Sporring
- grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XCentre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aalborg University, Aarhus University and University of Copenhagen, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xueke Tan
- grid.418856.60000 0004 1792 5640National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.418856.60000 0004 1792 5640Center for Biological Imaging, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xixia Li
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.418856.60000 0004 1792 5640National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Ji
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.418856.60000 0004 1792 5640National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Grazyna Rajkowska
- grid.410721.10000 0004 1937 0407Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS USA
| | - Fei Sun
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.418856.60000 0004 1792 5640National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.418856.60000 0004 1792 5640Center for Biological Imaging, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jens R. Nyengaard
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XCentre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aalborg University, Aarhus University and University of Copenhagen, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.154185.c0000 0004 0512 597XDepartment of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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7
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Al-Absi AR, Thambiappa SK, Khan AR, Glerup S, Sanchez C, Landau AM, Nyengaard JR. Df(h22q11)/+ mouse model exhibits reduced binding levels of GABA A receptors and structural and functional dysregulation in the inhibitory and excitatory networks of hippocampus. Mol Cell Neurosci 2022; 122:103769. [PMID: 35988854 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The 22q11.2 hemizygous deletion confers high risk for multiple neurodevelopmental disorders. Inhibitory signaling, largely regulated through GABAA receptors, is suggested to serve a multitude of brain functions that are disrupted in the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. We investigated the putative deficit of GABAA receptors and the potential substrates contributing to the inhibitory and excitatory dysregulations in hippocampal networks of the Df(h22q11)/+ mouse model of the 22q11.2 hemizygous deletion. The Df(h22q11)/+ mice exhibited impairments in several hippocampus-related functional domains, represented by impaired spatial memory and sensory gating functions. Autoradiography using the [3H]muscimol tracer revealed a significant reduction in GABAA receptor binding in the CA1 and CA3 subregions, together with a loss of GAD67+ interneurons in CA1 of Df(h22q11)/+ mice. Furthermore, electrophysiology recordings exhibited significantly higher neuronal activity in CA3, in response to the GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline, as compared with wild type mice. Density and volume of dendritic spines in pyramidal neurons were reduced and Sholl analysis also showed a reduction in the complexity of basal dendritic tree in CA1 and CA3 subregions of Df(h22q11)/+ mice. Overall, our findings demonstrate that hemizygous deletion in the 22q11.2 locus leads to dysregulations in the inhibitory circuits, involving reduced binding levels of GABAA receptors, in addition to functional and structural modulations of the excitatory networks of hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Rahman Al-Absi
- Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
| | - Sakeerthi Kethees Thambiappa
- Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
| | - Ahmad Raza Khan
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, India.
| | - Simon Glerup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - Connie Sanchez
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - Anne M Landau
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
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8
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Le LTM, Drakulic S, Nyengaard JR, Golas MM, Sander B. Structural Organization of Human Full-Length PAR3 and the aPKC-PAR6 Complex. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:1319-1327. [PMID: 35610404 PMCID: PMC9573856 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00504-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The tripartite partition defect (PAR) polarity complex, which includes the proteins PAR3, atypical protein kinase C (aPKC), and PAR6, is a major regulator of cellular polarity. It is highly conserved and expressed in various tissues. Its largest component, PAR3, controls protein–protein interactions of the PAR complex with a variety of interaction partners, and PAR3 self-association is critical for the formation of filament-like structures. However, little is known about the structure of the PAR complex. Here, we purified non-filamentous PAR3 and the aPKC–PAR6 complex and characterized them by single-particle electron microscopy (EM). We expressed and purified an oligomerization-deficient form of PAR3, PAR3V13D,D70K, and the active aPKC–PAR6 dimer. For PAR3, engineering at two positions is sufficient to form stable single particles with a maximum dimension of 20 nm. aPKC–PAR6 forms a complex with a maximum dimension of 13.5 nm that contains single copies of aPKC. Thus, the data present a basis for further high-resolution studies of PAR proteins and PAR complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le T M Le
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Srdja Drakulic
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, Building 1233/1234, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Monika M Golas
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstrasse 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Bjoern Sander
- Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, Building 1233/1234, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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9
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Ferreira N, Richner M, van der Laan A, Jul Christiansen IB, Vægter CB, Nyengaard JR, Halliday GM, Weis J, Giasson BI, Mackenzie IR, Jensen PH, Jan A. Correction to: Prodromal neuroinvasion of pathological α-synuclein in brainstem reticular nuclei and white matter lesions in a model of α-synucleinopathy. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac067. [PMID: 35386219 PMCID: PMC8978862 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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10
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Zhang Q, Zhang B, Lim NKH, Zhang X, Meng S, Nyengaard JR, Huang F, Wang WA. Hyccin/FAM126A deficiency reduces glial enrichment and axonal sheath, which are rescued by overexpression of a plasma membrane-targeting PI4KIIIα in Drosophila. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 589:71-77. [PMID: 34894559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.11.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyccin/FAM126A mutations are linked to hypomyelination and congenital cataract disease (HCC), but whether and how Hyccin/FAM126A deficiency causes hypomyelination remains undetermined. This study shows Hyccin/FAM126A expression was necessary for the expression of other components of the PI4KIIIα complex in Drosophila. Knockdown of Hyccin/FAM126A in glia reduced the enrichment of glial cells, disrupted axonal sheaths and visual ability in the visual system, and these defects could be fully rescued by overexpressing either human FAM126A or FAM126B, and partially rescued by overexpressing a plasma membrane-targeting recombinant mouse PI4KIIIα. Additionally, PI4KIIIα knockdown in glia phenocopied Hyccin/FAM126A knockdown, and this was partially rescued by overexpressing the recombinant PI4KIIIα, but not human FAM126A or FAM126B. This study establishes an animal model of HCC and indicates that Hyccin/FAM126A plays an essential role in glial enrichment and axonal sheath in a cell-autonomous manner in the visual system via controlling the expression and stabilization of the PI4KIIIα complex at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Zhang
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, 100190, China; Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8200, Denmark
| | - Baozhu Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Nastasia K H Lim
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China; Nuo-beta Pharmaceutical Technology (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 201210, China; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shiquan Meng
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China; Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, 100190, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8200, Denmark
| | - Fude Huang
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, 100190, China; Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China; Nuo-beta Pharmaceutical Technology (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Wen-An Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai 202150, China.
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11
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Reinert LS, Rashidi AS, Tran DN, Katzilieris-Petras G, Hvidt AK, Gohr M, Fruhwürth S, Bodda C, Thomsen MK, Vendelbo MH, Khan AR, Hansen B, Bergström P, Agholme L, Mogensen TH, Christensen MH, Nyengaard JR, Sen GC, Zetterberg H, Verjans GM, Paludan SR. Brain immune cells undergo cGAS/STING-dependent apoptosis during herpes simplex virus type 1 infection to limit type I IFN production. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:136824. [PMID: 32990676 DOI: 10.1172/jci136824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protection of the brain from viral infections involves the type I IFN (IFN-I) system, defects in which render humans susceptible to herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE). However, excessive cerebral IFN-I levels lead to pathologies, suggesting the need for tight regulation of responses. Based on data from mouse models, human HSE cases, and primary cell culture systems, we showed that microglia and other immune cells undergo apoptosis in the HSV-1-infected brain through a mechanism dependent on the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase/stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS/STING) pathway, but independent of IFN-I. HSV-1 infection of microglia induced cGAS-dependent apoptosis at high viral doses, whereas lower viral doses led to IFN-I responses. Importantly, inhibition of caspase activity prevented microglial cell death and augmented IFN-I responses. Accordingly, HSV-1-infected organotypic brain slices or mice treated with a caspase inhibitor exhibited lower viral load and an improved infection outcome. Collectively, we identify an activation-induced apoptosis program in brain immune cells that downmodulates local immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line S Reinert
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ahmad S Rashidi
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Diana N Tran
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Astrid K Hvidt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Gohr
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stefanie Fruhwürth
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Ahmad R Khan
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGI Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Brian Hansen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Petra Bergström
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Germany
| | - Lotta Agholme
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ganes C Sen
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Søren R Paludan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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12
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Larsen NY, Li X, Tan X, Ji G, Lin J, Rajkowska G, Møller J, Vihrs N, Sporring J, Sun F, Nyengaard JR. Cellular 3D-reconstruction and analysis in the human cerebral cortex using automatic serial sections. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1030. [PMID: 34475516 PMCID: PMC8413324 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Techniques involving three-dimensional (3D) tissue structure reconstruction and analysis provide a better understanding of changes in molecules and function. We have developed AutoCUTS-LM, an automated system that allows the latest advances in 3D tissue reconstruction and cellular analysis developments using light microscopy on various tissues, including archived tissue. The workflow in this paper involved advanced tissue sampling methods of the human cerebral cortex, an automated serial section collection system, digital tissue library, cell detection using convolution neural network, 3D cell reconstruction, and advanced analysis. Our results demonstrated the detailed structure of pyramidal cells (number, volume, diameter, sphericity and orientation) and their 3D spatial organization are arranged in a columnar structure. The pipeline of these combined techniques provides a detailed analysis of tissues and cells in biology and pathology. Nick Larsen et al. developed a pipeline to collect and image serial sections from fixed human cortex, then apply deep learning to detect pyramidal cells from 3D reconstructions of these sections. Their results reiterate that cortical pyramidal cells are organized in a columnar structure and highlight the potential of this method, which is universally applicable to characterize cells for various tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Y Larsen
- Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aalborg University, Aarhus University and University of Copenhagen, Aalborg, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Aarhus, Denmark. .,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xixia Li
- National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Biological Imaging, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueke Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Biological Imaging, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Biological Imaging, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Grazyna Rajkowska
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jesper Møller
- Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aalborg University, Aarhus University and University of Copenhagen, Aalborg, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Mathematical Sciences, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ninna Vihrs
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jon Sporring
- Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aalborg University, Aarhus University and University of Copenhagen, Aalborg, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fei Sun
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Aarhus, Denmark.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Biological Imaging, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aalborg University, Aarhus University and University of Copenhagen, Aalborg, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark.,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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13
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Sadeghinezhad J, Nyengaard JR. Stereological study of the kidney during prenatal development in sheep. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:2915-2921. [PMID: 34435709 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The development of metanephros is a complex and gradual process. The number, size and distribution of nephrons provide important information about the organization of the kidney. Stereology is the current gold-standard technique for the morphometrical evaluation of kidney structures. This study describes morphometric features of the kidney development in sheep using design-based stereological techniques aimed to introduce the sheep as a translational model in human nephrogenesis. Left kidneys of 16 sheep fetuses in four groups at 9-11, 12-14, 15-17, and 18-20 weeks of gestation were used in the present study. Systematic uniform random sections were obtained. The kidney volume, volume fraction of nephrogenic zone, cortex and medulla, and glomerular volume were estimated using point counting and Cavalieri's estimator. The total glomerular number was estimated using a physical disector/fractionator technique. The kidney and its compartments presented gradual changes with aging, with differences found in the last fetal ages. The kidney volume increased from 0.94 ± 0.22 cm3 to 8.6 ± 0.88 cm3 during development. The volume of cortex increased from 406 ± 85 mm3 to 5,151 ± 309 mm3 and the volume of medulla showed increase from 301 ± 91 mm3 to 3,426 ± 599 mm3 . The total glomerular volume increased from 13.8 ± 1.6 mm3 to 235 ± 44 mm3 . The total glomerular number increased from 4,683 ± 757 to 639 × 103 ± 11.6 × 103 . Our data might contribute to the knowledge of embryological urology and promote future experimental investigations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sadeghinezhad
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University; Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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14
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Delaidelli A, Richner M, Jiang L, van der Laan A, Bergholdt Jul Christiansen I, Ferreira N, Nyengaard JR, Vægter CB, Jensen PH, Mackenzie IR, Sorensen PH, Jan A. α-Synuclein pathology in Parkinson disease activates homeostatic NRF2 anti-oxidant response. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:105. [PMID: 34092244 PMCID: PMC8183088 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circumstantial evidence points to a pathological role of alpha-synuclein (aSyn; gene symbol SNCA), conferred by aSyn misfolding and aggregation, in Parkinson disease (PD) and related synucleinopathies. Several findings in experimental models implicate perturbations in the tissue homeostatic mechanisms triggered by pathological aSyn accumulation, including impaired redox homeostasis, as significant contributors in the pathogenesis of PD. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NRF2/Nrf2) is recognized as ‘the master regulator of cellular anti-oxidant response’, both under physiological as well as in pathological conditions. Using immunohistochemical analyses, we show a robust nuclear NRF2 accumulation in post-mortem PD midbrain, detected by NRF2 phosphorylation on the serine residue 40 (nuclear active p-NRF2, S40). Curated gene expression analyses of four independent publicly available microarray datasets revealed considerable alterations in NRF2-responsive genes in the disease affected regions in PD, including substantia nigra, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, locus coeruleus and globus pallidus. To further examine the putative role of pathological aSyn accumulation on nuclear NRF2 response, we employed a transgenic mouse model of synucleionopathy (M83 line, expressing the mutant human A53T aSyn), which manifests widespread aSyn pathology (phosphorylated aSyn; S129) in the nervous system following intramuscular inoculation of exogenous fibrillar aSyn. We observed strong immunodetection of nuclear NRF2 in neuronal populations harboring p-aSyn (S129), and found an aberrant anti-oxidant and inflammatory gene response in the affected neuraxis. Taken together, our data support the notion that pathological aSyn accumulation impairs the redox homeostasis in nervous system, and boosting neuronal anti-oxidant response is potentially a promising approach to mitigate neurodegeneration in PD and related diseases.
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15
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Ferreira N, Richner M, van der Laan A, Bergholdt Jul Christiansen I, Vægter CB, Nyengaard JR, Halliday GM, Weiss J, Giasson BI, Mackenzie IR, Jensen PH, Jan A. Prodromal neuroinvasion of pathological α-synuclein in brainstem reticular nuclei and white matter lesions in a model of α-synucleinopathy. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab104. [PMID: 34136810 PMCID: PMC8202146 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathological observations in neurodegenerative synucleinopathies, including Parkinson disease, implicate a pathological role of α-synuclein accumulation in extranigral sites during the prodromal phase of the disease. In a transgenic mouse model of peripheral-to-central neuroinvasion and propagation of α-synuclein pathology (via hindlimb intramuscular inoculation with exogenous fibrillar α-synuclein: the M83 line, expressing the mutant human Ala53Thr α-synuclein), we studied the development and early-stage progression of α-synuclein pathology in the CNS of non-symptomatic (i.e. freely mobile) mice. By immunohistochemical analyses of phosphroylated α-synuclein on serine residue 129 (p-S129), our data indicate that the incipient stage of pathological α-synuclein propagation could be categorized in distinct phases: (i) initiation phase, whereby α-synuclein fibrillar inoculum induced pathological lesions in pools of premotor and motor neurons of the lumbar spinal cord, as early as 14 days post-inoculation; (ii) early central phase, whereby incipient α-synuclein pathology was predominantly detected in the reticular nuclei of the brainstem; and (iii) late central phase, characterized by additional sites of lesions in the brain including vestibular nuclei, deep cerebellar nuclei and primary motor cortex, with coincidental emergence of a sensorimotor deficit (mild degree of hindlimb clasping). Intriguingly, we also detected progressive α-synuclein pathology in premotor and motor neurons in the thoracic spinal cord, which does not directly innervate the hindlimb, as well as in the oligodendroglia within the white matter tracts of the CNS during this prodromal phase. Collectively, our data provide crucial insights into the spatiotemporal propagation of α-synuclein pathology in the nervous system of this rodent model of α-synucleinopathy following origin in periphery, and present a neuropathological context for the progression from pre-symptomatic stage to an early deficit in sensorimotor coordination. These findings also hint towards a therapeutic window for targeting the early stages of α-synuclein pathology progression in this model, and potentially facilitate the discovery of mechanisms relevant to α-synuclein proteinopathies. In a rodent model of synucleinopathy, Ferreira et al., delineate the spatiotemporal progression of incipient α-synuclein pathology (of peripheral origin) in the CNS. The authors show early affection of brainstem reticular nuclei in non-paralyzed mice, and pathological white matter lesions in relation to the neuronal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Ferreira
- Department of Biomedicine, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mette Richner
- DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Amelia van der Laan
- Department of Biomedicine, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ida Bergholdt Jul Christiansen
- Department of Biomedicine, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christian B Vægter
- DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney and Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Joachim Weiss
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Benoit I Giasson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 3261, USA
| | - Ian R Mackenzie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T2B5, Canada
| | - Poul H Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Asad Jan
- Department of Biomedicine, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Karlsson P, Gylfadottir SS, Kristensen AG, Ramirez JD, Cruz P, Le N, Shillo PR, Tesfaye S, Rice ASC, Tankisi H, Finnerup NB, Nyengaard JR, Jensen TS, Bennett DLH, Themistocleous AC. Axonal swellings are related to type 2 diabetes, but not to distal diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Diabetologia 2021; 64:923-931. [PMID: 33483760 PMCID: PMC7940290 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Distal diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSP) is a common complication of diabetes with many patients showing a reduction of intraepidermal nerve fibre density (IENFD) from skin biopsy, a validated and sensitive diagnostic tool for the assessment of DSP. Axonal swelling ratio is a morphological quantification altered in DSP. It is, however, unclear if axonal swellings are related to diabetes or DSP. The aim of this study was to investigate how axonal swellings in cutaneous nerve fibres are related to type 2 diabetes mellitus, DSP and neuropathic pain in a well-defined cohort of patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. METHODS A total of 249 participants, from the Pain in Neuropathy Study (UK) and the International Diabetic Neuropathy Consortium (Denmark), underwent a structured neurological examination, nerve conduction studies, quantitative sensory testing and skin biopsy. The study included four groups: healthy control study participants without diabetes (n = 45); participants with type 2 diabetes without DSP (DSP-; n = 31); and participants with evidence of DSP (DSP+; n = 173); the last were further separated into painless DSP+ (n = 74) and painful DSP+ (n = 99). Axonal swellings were defined as enlargements on epidermal-penetrating fibres exceeding 1.5 μm in diameter. Axonal swelling ratio is calculated by dividing the number of axonal swellings by the number of intraepidermal nerve fibres. RESULTS Median (IQR) IENFD (fibres/mm) was: 6.7 (5.2-9.2) for healthy control participants; 6.2 (4.4-7.3) for DSP-; 1.3 (0.5-2.2) for painless DSP+; and 0.84 (0.4-1.6) for painful DSP+. Swelling ratios were calculated for all participants and those with IENFD > 1.0 fibre/mm. When only those participants with IENFD > 1.0 fibre/mm were included, the axonal swelling ratio was higher in participants with type 2 diabetes when compared with healthy control participants (p < 0.001); however, there was no difference between DSP- and painless DSP+ participants, or between painless DSP+ and painful DSP+ participants. The axonal swelling ratio correlated weakly with HbA1c (r = 0.16, p = 0.04), but did not correlate with the Toronto Clinical Scoring System (surrogate measure of DSP severity), BMI or type 2 diabetes duration. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In individuals with type 2 diabetes where IENFD is >1.0 fibre/mm, axonal swelling ratio is related to type 2 diabetes but is not related to DSP or painful DSP. Axonal swellings may be an early marker of sensory nerve injury in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pall Karlsson
- Danish Pain Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology for Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sandra S Gylfadottir
- Danish Pain Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alexander G Kristensen
- Danish Pain Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Juan D Ramirez
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pedro Cruz
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nhu Le
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Pallai R Shillo
- Diabetes Research Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Solomon Tesfaye
- Diabetes Research Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Andrew S C Rice
- Pain Research Group, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus, London, UK
- Pain Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Hatice Tankisi
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nanna B Finnerup
- Danish Pain Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology for Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Troels S Jensen
- Danish Pain Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David L H Bennett
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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17
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De Silva M, Sadeghinezhad J, Nyengaard JR, Aghabalazadeh Asl M, Saeidi A, De Sordi N, Chiocchetti R, Grandis A. Design-based stereological study of the guinea-pig (Cavia porcellus) cerebellum. J Anat 2021; 239:517-528. [PMID: 33763861 PMCID: PMC8273595 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Guinea pigs have proved useful as experimental animal models in studying cerebellar anatomical and structural alterations in human neurological disease; however, they are also currently acquiring increasing veterinary interest as companion animals. The morphometric features of the normal cerebellum in guinea pigs have not been previously investigated using stereology. The objective of the present work was to establish normal volumetric and quantitative stereological parameters for cerebellar tissues in guinea pigs, by means of unbiased design-based stereology. Cerebellar total volume, gray and white matter volume fractions, molecular and granular layers volume fractions, cerebellar surface area, Purkinje cellular and nuclear volumes, and the Purkinje cell total count were stereologically estimated. For this purpose, cerebellar hemispheres from six adult male guinea pigs were employed. Isotropic, uniform random sections were obtained by applying the orientator method, and subsequently processed for light microscopy. The cerebellar total volume, the white and grey matter volume fractions, and the molecular and granular layer volumes were estimated using the Cavalieri's principle and the point counting system. The cerebellar surface area was estimated through the use of test lines; Purkinje cellular and nuclear volumes were analysed using the nucleator technique, whereas the Purkinje cell total count was obtained by means of the optical disector technique. The mean ± standard deviation total volume of a guinea-pig cerebellar hemisphere was 0.11 ± 0.01 cm3 . The mean volumetric proportions occupied by the gray and white matters were, respectively, 78.0 ± 2.6% and 22.0 ± 2.6%, whereas their mean absolute volumes were found to be 0.21 ± 0.02 cm3 and 0.059 ± 0.006 cm3 . The volumes of the molecular and granular layers were estimated at 112.4 ± 20.6 mm3 and 104.4 ± 7.3 mm3 , whereas their mean thicknesses were calculated to be 0.184 ± 0.020 mm and 0.17 ± 0.02 mm. The molecular and granular layers accounted for 40.7 ± 3.9% and 37.4 ± 1.8% of total cerebellar volume respectively. The surface area of the cerebellum measured 611.4 ± 96.8 mm2 . Purkinje cells with a cellular volume of 3210.1 µm3 and with a nuclear volume of 470.9 µm3 had a higher incidence of occurrence. The mean total number of Purkinje cells for a cerebellar hemisphere was calculated to be 253,090 ± 34,754. The morphometric data emerging from the present study provide a set of reference data which might prove valuable as basic anatomical contribution for practical applications in veterinary neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita De Silva
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Javad Sadeghinezhad
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mahdi Aghabalazadeh Asl
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ava Saeidi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nadia De Sordi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Chiocchetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annamaria Grandis
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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18
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Al-Absi AR, Qvist P, Glerup S, Sanchez C, Nyengaard JR. Df(h15q13)/+ Mouse Model Reveals Loss of Astrocytes and Synaptic-Related Changes of the Excitatory and Inhibitory Circuits in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:1609-1621. [PMID: 33123721 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 15q13.3 deletion is associated with multiple neurodevelopmental disorders including epilepsy, schizophrenia, and autism. The Df(h15q13)/+ mouse model was recently generated that recapitulates several phenotypic features of the human 15q13.3 deletion syndrome (DS). However, the biological substrates underlying these phenotypes in Df(h15q13)/+ mice have not yet been fully characterized. RNA sequencing followed by real-time quantitative PCR, western blotting, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and stereological analysis were employed to dissect the molecular, structural, and neurochemical phenotypes of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) circuits in Df(h15q13)/+ mouse model. Transcriptomic profiling revealed enrichment for astrocyte-specific genes among differentially expressed genes, translated by a decrease in the number of glial fibrillary acidic protein positive cells in mPFC of Df(h15q13)/+ mice compared with wild-type mice. mPFC in Df(h15q13)/+ mice also showed a deficit of the inhibitory presynaptic marker GAD65, in addition to a reduction in dendritic arborization and spine density of pyramidal neurons from layers II/III. mPFC levels of GABA and glutamate neurotransmitters were not different between genotypes. Our results suggest that the 15q13.3 deletion modulates nonneuronal circuits in mPFC and confers molecular and morphometric alterations in the inhibitory and excitatory neurocircuits, respectively. These alterations potentially contribute to the phenotypes accompanied with the 15q13.3DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Rahman Al-Absi
- Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Center for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Qvist
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, 8210 Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, CGPM, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon Glerup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Connie Sanchez
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Center for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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19
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Chen F, Danladi J, Ardalan M, Nyengaard JR, Sanchez C, Wegener G. The rat hippocampal gliovascular system following one week vortioxetine and fluoxetine. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 42:45-56. [PMID: 33199100 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that vortioxetine, unlike the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine, produces a rapid increase of dendritic spine number and Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)-associated formation of synapses with mitochondrial support in the rat hippocampal CA1 and dentate gyrus. As a continuation of this line of research, and given the putative role of brain glial cells in mediating antidepressant responses the present study investigated early effects of vortioxetine on hippocampal microvasculature and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and astrocytes and microglia cells. Rats were treated for 1 week with vortioxetine (1.6 g/kg food chow) or fluoxetine (160 mg/L drinking water) at pharmacologically relevant doses. Stereological principles were used to estimate the number of ALDH1L1 positive astrocytes and Iba1 positive microglia cells, and the length of microvessels in subregions of hippocampus. VEGF protein levels were visualized with immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that vortioxetine significantly increased the number of ramified (resting) microglia and astrocytes accompanied by VEGF level elevation, whereas fluoxetine had no effect after 7 days treatment on these measures. Our findings suggest that astrocytes and microglia may have a role in mediating the pharmacological effects of vortioxetine in rats and that these effects are mediated through mechanisms that go beyond inhibition of the serotonin transporter and may target specific 5-HT receptors. It remains to be investigated whether these findings are relevant for the therapeutic effects of vortioxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Chen
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 2B, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Jibrin Danladi
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 2B, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 2B, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine - Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Connie Sanchez
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 2B, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 2B, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; AUGUST Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
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20
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Ellingsen AR, Jørgensen KA, Østerby R, Petersen SE, Juul S, Marcussen N, Nyengaard JR. Human kidney graft survival correlates with structural parameters in baseline biopsies: a quantitative observational cohort study with more than 14 years' follow-up. Virchows Arch 2020; 478:659-668. [PMID: 32986179 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This prospective cohort study evaluates associations between structural and ultrastructural parameters in baseline biopsies from human kidney transplants and long-term graft survival after more than 14 years' follow-up. Baseline kidney graft biopsies were obtained prospectively from 54 consecutive patients receiving a kidney transplant at a single institution. Quantitative measurements were performed on the baseline biopsies by computer-assisted light microscopy and electron microscopy. Stereology-based techniques estimated the fraction of interstitial tissue, the volume of glomeruli, mesangial fraction, and basement membrane thickness of glomerular capillaries. The fraction of occluded glomeruli and scores according to the Banff classification were achieved. Kidney graft survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox regression. Association to long-term kidney function was also analyzed. The long-term surviving kidney transplants were characterized at implantation by less arteriolar hyaline thickening (P < 0.001) and less interstitial fibrosis (P = 0.001), as well as a lower fraction of occluded glomeruli (P = 0.004) and lower glomerular volume (P = 0.03). At the latest follow-up, eGFR was decreased by 12 ml/min/1.73 m2 per unit increase in the score for arteriolar hyalinosis at implantation (P = 0.02), and eGFR was decreased by 19 ml/min/1.73 m2 per 106 μm3 increase in glomerular volume at baseline (P = 0.03). The unbiased Cavalieri estimate of glomerular volume and the ultrastructural parameters are the first to be evaluated in a cohort study with prospective follow-up for more than 14 years. The study shows that baseline biopsies from human kidney grafts contain extraordinary long-term prognostic information, and it highlights the importance of these intrinsic graft factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne R Ellingsen
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark. .,Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Pathology, Odense University Hospital, 5000, Odense C, Denmark. .,Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Kaj A Jørgensen
- Department of Nephrology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Ruth Østerby
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Steffen E Petersen
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Svend Juul
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Niels Marcussen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Odense University Hospital, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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21
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Al-Absi AR, Qvist P, Okujeni S, Khan AR, Glerup S, Sanchez C, Nyengaard JR. Layers II/III of Prefrontal Cortex in Df(h22q11)/+ Mouse Model of the 22q11.2 Deletion Display Loss of Parvalbumin Interneurons and Modulation of Neuronal Morphology and Excitability. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4978-4988. [PMID: 32820460 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The 22q11.2 deletion has been identified as a risk factor for multiple neurodevelopmental disorders. Behavioral and cognitive impairments are common among carriers of the 22q11.2 deletion. Parvalbumin expressing (PV+) interneurons provide perisomatic inhibition of excitatory neuronal circuits through GABAA receptors, and a deficit of PV+ inhibitory circuits may underlie a multitude of the behavioral and functional deficits in the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. We investigated putative deficits of PV+ inhibitory circuits and the associated molecular, morphological, and functional alterations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of the Df(h22q11)/+ mouse model of the 22q11.2 hemizygous deletion. We detected a significant decrease in the number of PV+ interneurons in layers II/III of PFC in Df(h22q11)/+ mice together with a reduction in the mRNA and protein levels of GABAA (α3), a PV+ putative postsynaptic receptor subunit. Pyramidal neurons from the same layers further experienced morphological reorganizations of spines and dendrites. Accordingly, a decrease in the levels of the postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and a higher neuronal activity in response to the GABAA antagonist bicuculline were measured in these layers in PFC of Df(h22q11)/+ mice compared with their wild-type littermates. Our study shows that a hemizygotic deletion of the 22q11.2 locus leads to deficit in the GABAergic control of network activity and involves molecular and morphological changes in both the inhibitory and excitatory synapses of parvalbumin interneurons and pyramidal neurons specifically in layers II/III PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Rahman Al-Absi
- Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy; Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul Jensens Boulevard, 99 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Per Qvist
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, CGPM, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Samora Okujeni
- Laboratory for Biomicrotechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ahmad Raza Khan
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Simon Glerup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Connie Sanchez
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy; Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul Jensens Boulevard, 99 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
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22
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Schaldemose EL, Hammer RE, Ferdousi M, Malik RA, Nyengaard JR, Karlsson P. An unbiased stereological method for corneal confocal microscopy in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12550. [PMID: 32724219 PMCID: PMC7387541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) derived corneal nerve measures are lower in diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN). There are, however, methodological challenges in relation to adequate and unbiased sampling of images with objective corneal nerve quantification. Here we compare a new sampling method and adjusted area calculation with established methods of corneal nerve quantification in patients with and without DSPN and healthy controls. CCM images from 26 control subjects and 62 patients with type 1 diabetes with (n = 17) and without (n = 45) DSPN were analyzed. The images were randomly selected and corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL), corneal nerve fiber branch density (CNBD) and corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD) were determined in both a manual and automated manner. The new method generated 8–40% larger corneal nerve parameters compared to the standard procedure (p < 0.05). CNFL was significantly reduced using the new method for both manual and automated analysis; whilst CNFD and CNBD were significantly reduced using the automated method in both diabetic groups compared with controls. The new, objective method showed a reduction in corneal nerve parameters in diabetic patients with and without DSPN. We recommend using a randomized sampling method and area-dependent analysis to enable objective unbiased corneal nerve quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasmus E Hammer
- Department of Clinical Medicine - Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maryam Ferdousi
- Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Division of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rayaz A Malik
- Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Division of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine - Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Páll Karlsson
- Danish Pain Research Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine - Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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23
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Rajkumar AP, Qvist P, Donskov JG, Lazarus R, Pallesen J, Nava N, Winther G, Liebenberg N, Cour SHL, Paternoster V, Fryland T, Palmfeldt J, Fejgin K, Mørk A, Nyegaard M, Pakkenberg B, Didriksen M, Nyengaard JR, Wegener G, Mors O, Christensen JH, Børglum AD. Reduced Brd1 expression leads to reversible depression-like behaviors and gene-expression changes in female mice. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:239. [PMID: 32681022 PMCID: PMC7367888 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00914-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The schizophrenia-associated gene, BRD1, encodes an epigenetic regulator in which chromatin interactome is enriched with genes implicated in mental health. Alterations in histone modifications and epigenetic regulation contribute to brain transcriptomic changes in affective disorders and preclinical data supports a role for BRD1 in psychopathology. However, the implication of BRD1 on affective pathology remains poorly understood. In this study, we assess affective behaviors and associated neurobiology in Brd1+/- mice along with their responses to Fluoxetine and Imipramine. This involves behavioral, neurostructural, and neurochemical characterizations along with regional cerebral gene expression profiling combined with integrative functional genomic analyses. We report behavioral changes in female Brd1+/- mice with translational value to depressive symptomatology that can be alleviated by the administration of antidepressant medications. Behavioral changes are accompanied by altered brain morphometry and imbalances in monoaminergic systems. In accordance, gene expression changes across brain tissues reveal altered neurotransmitter signaling and cluster in functional pathways associated with depression including 'Adrenergic-, GPCR-, cAMP-, and CREB/CREM-signaling'. Integrative gene expression analysis specifically links changes in amygdaloid intracellular signaling activity to the behavioral treatment response in Brd1+/- mice. Collectively, our study highlights the importance of BRD1 as a modulator of affective pathology and adds to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying affective disorders and their treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anto P. Rajkumar
- grid.452548.a0000 0000 9817 5300IPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Per Qvist
- IPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Synaptic Transmission, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Julie G. Donskov
- grid.452548.a0000 0000 9817 5300IPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ross Lazarus
- grid.1051.50000 0000 9760 5620Computational Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes institute, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Jonatan Pallesen
- grid.452548.a0000 0000 9817 5300IPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nicoletta Nava
- grid.154185.c0000 0004 0512 597XTranslational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gudrun Winther
- grid.154185.c0000 0004 0512 597XTranslational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nico Liebenberg
- grid.154185.c0000 0004 0512 597XTranslational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sanne H. la Cour
- grid.452548.a0000 0000 9817 5300IPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Veerle Paternoster
- grid.452548.a0000 0000 9817 5300IPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tue Fryland
- grid.452548.a0000 0000 9817 5300IPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- grid.154185.c0000 0004 0512 597XResearch Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kim Fejgin
- grid.424580.f0000 0004 0476 7612Synaptic Transmission, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Mørk
- grid.424580.f0000 0004 0476 7612Synaptic Transmission, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Nyegaard
- grid.452548.a0000 0000 9817 5300IPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bente Pakkenberg
- grid.411702.10000 0000 9350 8874Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Didriksen
- grid.424580.f0000 0004 0476 7612Synaptic Transmission, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens R. Nyengaard
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- grid.154185.c0000 0004 0512 597XTranslational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.154185.c0000 0004 0512 597XPsychosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jane H. Christensen
- grid.452548.a0000 0000 9817 5300IPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders D. Børglum
- grid.452548.a0000 0000 9817 5300IPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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24
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Chen F, Polsinelli B, Nava N, Treccani G, Elfving B, Müller HK, Musazzi L, Popoli M, Nyengaard JR, Wegener G. Structural Plasticity and Molecular Markers in Hippocampus of Male Rats after Acute Stress. Neuroscience 2020; 438:100-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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25
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Monti G, Jensen ML, Mehmedbasic A, Jørgensen MM, Holm IE, Barkholt P, Zole E, Vægter CB, Vorum H, Nyengaard JR, Andersen OM. SORLA Expression in Synaptic Plexiform Layers of Mouse Retina. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3106-3117. [PMID: 32472518 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01946-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sorting protein-related receptor containing LDLR class A repeats (SORLA; also known as LR11) exerts intraneuronal trafficking functions in the central nervous system. Recently, involvement of SORLA in retinogenesis was proposed, but no studies have examined yet in detail the expression pattern of this sorting receptor in the retina. Here, we provide a spatio-temporal characterization of SORL1 mRNA and its translational product SORLA in the postnatal mouse retina. Using stereological analysis, we confirmed previous studies showing that receptor depletion in knockout mice significantly reduces the number of cells in the inner nuclear layer (INL), suggesting that functional SORLA expression is essential for the development of this retinal strata. qPCR and Western blot analyses showed that SORL1/SORLA expression peaks at postnatal day 15, just after eye opening. Interestingly, we found that transcripts are somatically located in several neuronal populations residing in the INL and the ganglion cell layer, whereas SORLA protein is also present in the synaptic plexiform layers. In line with receptor expression in dendritic terminals, we found delayed stratification of the inner plexiform layer in knockout mice, indicating an involvement of SORLA in neuronal connectivity. Altogether, these data suggest a novel role of SORLA in synaptogenesis. Receptor dysfunctions may be implicated in morphological and functional impairments of retinal inner layer formation associated with eye disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Monti
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE) Nordic-EMBL Partnership, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marianne L Jensen
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE) Nordic-EMBL Partnership, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Arnela Mehmedbasic
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE) Nordic-EMBL Partnership, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Margarita Melnikova Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - Ida E Holm
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - Pernille Barkholt
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE) Nordic-EMBL Partnership, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Egija Zole
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE) Nordic-EMBL Partnership, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christian B Vægter
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE) Nordic-EMBL Partnership, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vorum
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, DK-9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Olav M Andersen
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE) Nordic-EMBL Partnership, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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26
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Moeller SL, Nyengaard JR, Larsen LG, Nielsen K, Bygbjerg IC, Msemo OA, Lusingu JPA, Minja DTR, Theander TG, Schmiegelow C. Malaria in Early Pregnancy and the Development of the Placental Vasculature. J Infect Dis 2020; 220:1425-1434. [PMID: 30590576 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy malaria has a negative impact on fetal outcome. It is uncertain whether infections in early pregnancy have a clinical impact by impeding the development of the placental vasculature. METHODS Tanzanian women (n = 138) were closely monitored during pregnancy. Placentas collected at birth were investigated using stereology to establish the characteristics of placental villi and vessels. Placental vasculature measures were compared between women infected with malaria and controls. RESULTS Compared with controls, placentas from women infected with malaria before a gestational age (GA) of 15 weeks had a decreased volume of transport villi (mean decrease [standard deviation], 12.45 [5.39] cm3; P = .02), an increased diffusion distance in diffusion vessels (mean increase, 3.33 [1.27] µm; P = .01), and a compensatory increase in diffusion vessel surface area (mean increase, 1.81 [0.74 m2]; P = .02). In women who had malaria before a GA of 15 weeks diffusion vessel surface area and transport vessel length distance were positive predictors for birth weight (multilinear regression: P = .007 and P = .055 for diffusion surface area and transport length, respectively) and GA at delivery (P = .005 and P = .04). CONCLUSIONS Malaria infection in early pregnancy impedes placental vascular development. The resulting phenotypic changes, which can be detected at delivery, are associated with birth weight and gestational length. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT02191683.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University
| | - Lise G Larsen
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Naestved, Denmark
| | | | - Ib C Bygbjerg
- Division of Global Health, Department of Public Health
| | | | - John P A Lusingu
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Centre, Tanga, Tanzania
| | | | - Thor G Theander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen
| | - Christentze Schmiegelow
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen
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27
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Chen F, Danladi J, Wegener G, Madsen TM, Nyengaard JR. Sustained Ultrastructural Changes in Rat Hippocampal Formation After Repeated Electroconvulsive Seizures. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 23:446-458. [PMID: 32215561 PMCID: PMC7387769 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyaa021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a highly effective and fast-acting treatment for depression used in the clinic. Its mechanism of therapeutic action remains uncertain. Previous studies have focused on documenting neuroplasticity in the early phase following electroconvulsive seizures (ECS), an animal model of ECT. Here, we investigate whether changes in synaptic plasticity and nonneuronal plasticity (vascular and mitochondria) are sustained 3 months after repeated ECS trials. METHODS ECS or sham treatment was given daily for 1 day or 10 days to a genetic animal model of depression: the Flinders Sensitive and Resistant Line rats. Stereological principles were employed to quantify numbers of synapses and mitochondria as well as length of microvessels in the hippocampus 24 hours after a single ECS. Three months after 10 ECS treatments (1 per day for 10 days) and sham-treatment, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor protein levels were quantified with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS A single ECS treatment significantly increased the volume of hippocampal CA1-stratum radiatum, the total length of microvessels, mitochondria number, and synapse number. Observed changes were sustained as shown in the multiple ECS treatment group analyzed 3 months after the last of 10 ECS treatments. CONCLUSION A single ECS caused rapid effects of synaptic plasticity and nonneuronal plasticity, while repeated ECS induced long-lasting changes in the efficacy of synaptic plasticity and nonneuronal plasticity at least up to 3 months after ECS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Chen
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Correspondence: Fenghua Chen, MD, PhD, Department of Clinical Medicine - Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 2B, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark ()
| | - Jibrin Danladi
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa,AUGUST Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torsten M Madsen
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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28
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Nielsen CM, Skov K, Buus NH, Pedersen M, Ibsen L, Krag SP, Nyengaard JR. Kidney structural characteristics based on a kidney biopsy and contrast-enhanced computed tomography in healthy living kidney donors. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 303:2693-2701. [PMID: 31981285 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The demands for kidney transplantations are increasing, and so is the number of live kidney donors (LKDs). Recent studies show that LKDs have an increased risk of developing end-stage renal disease compared with healthy non-donors. However, the knowledge about factors predicting renal disease in kidney donors is sparse. Some evidence points to increased glomerular sclerosis and kidney fibrosis, as well as a low number of glomeruli as associated with a worse renal outcome. This methodological study investigated that which estimates are obtainable with a standard kidney biopsy taken from the donated kidney during the transplantation, and a standard contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) in kidney donors. CT-scans were used to obtain total volume of the kidney and kidney cortex using the Cavalieri estimator and 2D-nucleator. Glomerular number density in the biopsies was estimated by a model-based method, and was multiplied by total cortex volume in order to estimate the total number of glomeruli in the kidney. Glomerular volume was estimated by the 2D-nucleator and a model-based stereological technique. Kidney fibrosis (point-counting), glomerular sclerosis (evaluation of glomerular profiles), and arteriole dimensions (2D-nucleator) were also estimated in the biopsy sections from the donated kidney. Various studies have attempted to identify predictors of renal outcome in LKDs. There is no consensus yet, and further studies are needed to elucidate if and how the estimates described in this study are associated with renal outcome in LKDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie M Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine-Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karin Skov
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels H Buus
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine-Comparative Medicine Lab, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lotte Ibsen
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren P Krag
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine-Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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29
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Chen F, Bertelsen AB, Holm IE, Nyengaard JR, Rosenberg R, Dorph-Petersen KA. Hippocampal volume and cell number in depression, schizophrenia, and suicide subjects. Brain Res 2020; 1727:146546. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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30
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Jan A, Richner M, Vægter CB, Nyengaard JR, Jensen PH. Gene Transfer in Rodent Nervous Tissue Following Hindlimb Intramuscular Delivery of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Serotypes AAV2/6, AAV2/8, and AAV2/9. Neurosci Insights 2019; 14:1179069519889022. [PMID: 32363345 PMCID: PMC7176396 DOI: 10.1177/1179069519889022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors have emerged as the safe vehicles of choice for long-term gene transfer in mammalian nervous system. Recombinant adeno-associated virus–mediated localized gene transfer in adult nervous system following direct inoculation, that is, intracerebral or intrathecal, is well documented. However, recombinant adeno-associated virus delivery in defined neuronal populations in adult animals using less-invasive methods as well as avoiding ectopic gene expression following systemic inoculation remain challenging. Harnessing the capability of some recombinant adeno-associated virus serotypes for retrograde transduction may potentially address such limitations (Note: The term retrograde transduction in this manuscript refers to the uptake of injected recombinant adeno-associated virus particles at nerve terminals, retrograde transport, and subsequent transduction of nerve cell soma). In some studies, recombinant adeno-associated virus serotypes 2/6, 2/8, and 2/9 have been shown to exhibit transduction of connected neuroanatomical tracts in adult animals following lower limb intramuscular recombinant adeno-associated virus delivery in a pattern suggestive of retrograde transduction. However, an extensive side-by-side comparison of these serotypes following intramuscular delivery regarding tissue viral load, and the effect of promoter on transgene expression, has not been performed. Hence, we delivered recombinant adeno-associated virus serotypes 2/6, 2/8, or 2/9 encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), under the control of either cytomegalovirus (CMV) or human synapsin (hSyn) promoter, via a single unilateral hindlimb intramuscular injection in the bicep femoris of adult C57BL/6J mice. Four weeks post injection, we quantified viral load and transgene (enhanced green fluorescent protein) expression in muscle and related nervous tissues. Our data show that the select recombinant adeno-associated virus serotypes transduce sciatic nerve and groups of neurons in the dorsal root ganglia on the injected side, indicating that the intramuscular recombinant adeno-associated virus delivery is useful for achieving gene transfer in local neuroanatomical tracts. We also observed sparse recombinant adeno-associated virus viral delivery or eGFP transduction in lumbar spinal cord and a noticeable lack thereof in brain. Therefore, further improvements in recombinant adeno-associated virus design are warranted to achieve efficient widespread retrograde transduction following intramuscular and possibly other peripheral routes of delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Jan
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Richner
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian B Vægter
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, and Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Poul H Jensen
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Damsgaard C, Lauridsen H, Funder AM, Thomsen JS, Desvignes T, Crossley DA, Møller PR, Huong DT, Phuong NT, Detrich HW, Brüel A, Wilkens H, Warrant E, Wang T, Nyengaard JR, Berenbrink M, Bayley M. Retinal oxygen supply shaped the functional evolution of the vertebrate eye. eLife 2019; 8:52153. [PMID: 31820735 PMCID: PMC6904217 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The retina has a very high energy demand but lacks an internal blood supply in most vertebrates. Here we explore the hypothesis that oxygen diffusion limited the evolution of retinal morphology by reconstructing the evolution of retinal thickness and the various mechanisms for retinal oxygen supply, including capillarization and acid-induced haemoglobin oxygen unloading. We show that a common ancestor of bony fishes likely had a thin retina without additional retinal oxygen supply mechanisms and that three different types of retinal capillaries were gained and lost independently multiple times during the radiation of vertebrates, and that these were invariably associated with parallel changes in retinal thickness. Since retinal thickness confers multiple advantages to vision, we propose that insufficient retinal oxygen supply constrained the functional evolution of the eye in early vertebrates, and that recurrent origins of additional retinal oxygen supply mechanisms facilitated the phenotypic evolution of improved functional eye morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Damsgaard
- Section for Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Henrik Lauridsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Anette Md Funder
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Desvignes
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, United States
| | - Dane A Crossley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, United States
| | - Peter R Møller
- Section for Evolutionary Genomics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Do Tt Huong
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen T Phuong
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Viet Nam
| | - H William Detrich
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, United States
| | - Annemarie Brüel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Horst Wilkens
- Zoological Institute and Zoological Museum, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eric Warrant
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tobias Wang
- Section for Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Berenbrink
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Bayley
- Section for Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Jansing NL, Patel N, McClendon J, Redente EF, Henson PM, Tuder RM, Hyde DM, Nyengaard JR, Zemans RL. Flow Cytometry Underestimates and Planimetry Overestimates Alveolar Epithelial Type 2 Cell Expansion after Lung Injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019. [PMID: 29533675 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201709-1838le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elizabeth F Redente
- 1 National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado.,3 University of Colorado Denver Aurora, Colorado
| | - Peter M Henson
- 1 National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado.,3 University of Colorado Denver Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Dallas M Hyde
- 4 University of California at Davis Davis, California and
| | | | - Rachel L Zemans
- 1 National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado.,2 University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan.,3 University of Colorado Denver Aurora, Colorado
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33
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Y Larsen N, Ziegel JF, Nyengaard JR, Jensen EBV. Stereological estimation of particle shape from vertical sections. J Microsc 2019; 275:183-194. [PMID: 31328794 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper, we describe a new simple stereological method of estimating volume tensors in 3D from vertical sections. The volume tensors provide information about particle shape in 3D. In a model-based setting, the method requires that the particle distribution is invariant under rotations around the vertical axis. In a design-based approach, where the vertical section is uniformly rotated around the vertical axis, the method provides information about an index of elongation of the particles in the direction of the vertical axis. The method has been implemented on human brain tissue for the analysis of neurons in layer III of the medial frontal gyrus of Brodmann Area 46. In the actual implementation, the new estimator shows similar precision as an earlier estimator, based on an optical rotator design, but it is a factor 3 faster to collect the measurements for the new estimator. Furthermore, the calculations needed for determining the new estimator are much simpler. LAY DESCRIPTION: A new method is described for estimating volume tensors in 3 dimensions based on the stereological method: planar rotator. In general, volume tensors may provide information about particle volume, shape and direction. The new estimator was implemented on human brain tissue for the analysis of neurons in layer III of the medial frontal gyrus on Brodmann Area 46 and compared to a previous published method, based on an optical rotator design. The new estimator shows similar precision as the earlier estimator, but it is a factor 3 faster to collect the measurements. Besides, the calculations behind the new estimator are simpler and easier to implement to a software program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Y Larsen
- Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Johanna F Ziegel
- Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Institute of Mathematical Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eva B Vedel Jensen
- Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Mathematics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Schleimann MH, Kobberø ML, Vibholm LK, Kjær K, Giron LB, Busman-Sahay K, Chan CN, Nekorchuk M, Schmidt M, Wittig B, Damsgaard TE, Ahlburg P, Hellfritzsch MB, Zuwala K, Rothemejer FH, Olesen R, Schommers P, Klein F, Dweep H, Kossenkov A, Nyengaard JR, Estes JD, Abdel-Mohsen M, Østergaard L, Tolstrup M, Søgaard OS, Denton PW. TLR9 agonist MGN1703 enhances B cell differentiation and function in lymph nodes. EBioMedicine 2019; 45:328-340. [PMID: 31300344 PMCID: PMC6642412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TLR9 agonists are being developed as immunotherapy against malignancies and infections. TLR9 is primarily expressed in B cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). TLR9 signalling may be critically important for B cell activity in lymph nodes but little is known about the in vivo impact of TLR9 agonism on human lymph node B cells. As a pre-defined sub-study within our clinical trial investigating TLR9 agonist MGN1703 (lefitolimod) treatment in the context of developing HIV cure strategies (NCT02443935), we assessed TLR9 agonist-mediated effects in lymph nodes. Methods Participants received MGN1703 for 24 weeks concurrent with antiretroviral therapy. Seven participants completed the sub-study including lymph node resection at baseline and after 24 weeks of treatment. A variety of tissue-based immunologic and virologic parameters were assessed. Findings MGN1703 dosing increased B cell differentiation; activated pDCs, NK cells, and T cells; and induced a robust interferon response in lymph nodes. Expression of Activation-Induced cytidine Deaminase, an essential regulator of B cell diversification and somatic hypermutation, was highly elevated. During MGN1703 treatment IgG production increased and antibody glycosylation patterns were changed. Interpretation Our data present novel evidence that the TLR9 agonist MGN1703 modulates human lymph node B cells in vivo. These findings warrant further considerations in the development of TLR9 agonists as immunotherapy against cancers and infectious diseases. Fund This work was supported by Aarhus University Research Foundation, the Danish Council for Independent Research and the NovoNordisk Foundation. Mologen AG provided study drug free of charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane H Schleimann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | | | - Line K Vibholm
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Kjær
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Leila B Giron
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen Busman-Sahay
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Chi Ngai Chan
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michael Nekorchuk
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Burghardt Wittig
- Mologen AG, Berlin, Germany; MolBio2Math - Molecular Biology & Integral Biomathics, a non-profit Foundation Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tine E Damsgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Plastic and Breast Surgery, Plastic Surgery Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Peter Ahlburg
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Michel B Hellfritzsch
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Kaja Zuwala
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | | | - Rikke Olesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Phillipp Schommers
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Klein
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Harsh Dweep
- Bioinformatics Facility, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Kossenkov
- Bioinformatics Facility, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jacob D Estes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Lars Østergaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Martin Tolstrup
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Ole S Søgaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Paul W Denton
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.
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35
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Monti G, Kristensen ML, Mehmedbasic A, Melnikova M, Holm IE, Barkholt P, Zole E, Vaegter CB, Vorum H, Nyengaard JR, Andersen OM. P4-517: EXPRESSION OF THE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RISK FACTOR SORLA IN THE POSTNATAL MOUSE RETINA. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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36
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Sadeghinezhad J, Nyengaard JR. Cat Kidney Glomeruli and Tubules Evaluated by Design-Based Stereology. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 302:1846-1854. [PMID: 31087775 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Renal function is related to its structure and three-dimensional structural parameters correlate better with the kidney function than two-dimensional structural parameters. Stereology is the current gold-standard technique for the morphometrical evaluation of kidney structures. This study describes morphometric features of the kidney of the cat using design-based stereological techniques aimed to introduce the cat as a translational model in nephrology and provide basic findings for diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases in this species. Left kidneys of four cats were included in the present study. The kidney volume, volume fraction of cortex and medulla, glomerular volume, glomerular mean volume, glomerular number, and proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and distal convoluted tubule (DCT) length were estimated. The kidney volume was estimated to 11.4 ± 1.3 cm3 . The volume fraction of cortex and medulla was 65.6 ± 2% and 34.2 ± 2%, respectively. The total number of glomeruli was estimated to be 186 ± 11 × 103 using the physical disector/fractionator method. The mean glomerular volume was estimated to be 1.54 ± 0.06 × 106 μm3 and the glomerular volume was covering 2.13 ± 0.34% of the whole kidney. The total length of PCT and DCT was estimated to be 2.26 ± 0.48 km and 505 ± 43 m, respectively. Our data might contribute to the knowledge of kidneys in mammals and provide a comparison with available data on human and other mammals. Anat Rec, 302:1846-1854, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sadeghinezhad
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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37
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Tornese P, Sala N, Bonini D, Bonifacino T, La Via L, Milanese M, Treccani G, Seguini M, Ieraci A, Mingardi J, Nyengaard JR, Calza S, Bonanno G, Wegener G, Barbon A, Popoli M, Musazzi L. Chronic mild stress induces anhedonic behavior and changes in glutamate release, BDNF trafficking and dendrite morphology only in stress vulnerable rats. The rapid restorative action of ketamine. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 10:100160. [PMID: 31193464 PMCID: PMC6535630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a debilitating mental disease, characterized by persistent low mood and anhedonia. Stress represents a major environmental risk factor for depression; the complex interaction of stress with genetic factors results in different individual vulnerability or resilience to the disorder. Dysfunctions of the glutamate system have a primary role in depression. Clinical neuroimaging studies have consistently reported alterations in volume and connectivity of cortico-limbic areas, where glutamate neurons and synapses predominate. This is confirmed by preclinical studies in rodents, showing that repeated stress induces morphological and functional maladaptive changes in the same brain regions altered in humans. Confirming the key role of glutamatergic transmission in depression, compelling evidence has shown that the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, ketamine, induces, at sub-anesthetic dose, rapid and sustained antidepressant response in both humans and rodents. We show here that the Chronic Mild Stress model of depression induces, only in stress-vulnerable rats, depressed-like anhedonic behavior, together with impairment of glutamate/GABA presynaptic release, BDNF mRNA trafficking in dendrites and dendritic morphology in hippocampus. Moreover, we show that a single administration of ketamine restores, in 24 h, normal behavior and most of the cellular/molecular maladaptive changes in vulnerable rats. Interestingly, ketamine treatment did not restore BDNF mRNA levels reduced by chronic stress but rescued dendritic trafficking of BDNF mRNA. The present results are consistent with a mechanism of ketamine involving rapid restoration of synaptic homeostasis, through re-equilibration of glutamate/GABA release and dendritic BDNF for synaptic translation and reversal of synaptic and circuitry impairment. Chronic mild stress (CMS) induces anhedonic behavior and maladaptive changes in the hippocampus (HPC) of vulnerable rats. CMS reduces basal and evoked release of glutamate in the HPC of vulnerable rats. SCMS reduces evoked release of GABA in the HPC of vulnerable rats. CMS reduces expression of BDNF mRNA and trafficking along dendrites in the HPC of vulnerable rats. CMS reduces length of apical dendrites in CA3 pyramidal neurons of vulnerable rats. Ketamine injection (10 mg/kg) restores in 24h anhedonic behavior and most maladaptive changes, except BDNF expression. The present results suggest that the antidepressant mechanism of ketamine involves restoration of synaptic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Tornese
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Nathalie Sala
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Bonini
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bonifacino
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, 16148, Genova, Italy
| | - Luca La Via
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Milanese
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, 16148, Genova, Italy
| | - Giulia Treccani
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8240, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Mara Seguini
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ieraci
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Jessica Mingardi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stefano Calza
- Unit of Biostatistics and Biomathematics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giambattista Bonanno
- Department of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, 16148, Genova, Italy
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8240, Risskov, Denmark.,Pharmaceutical Research Centre of Excellence, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, 2520, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Alessandro Barbon
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Popoli
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Musazzi
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Moeller SL, Schmiegelow C, Larsen LG, Nielsen K, Msemo OA, Lusingu JPA, Minja DTR, Theander TG, Bygbjerg IC, Nyengaard JR. Anemia in late pregnancy induces an adaptive response in fetoplacental vascularization. Placenta 2019; 80:49-58. [PMID: 31103067 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anemia during pregnancy may compromise fetal and newborn's health, however, little is known about how and when the fetoplacental vascularization is most vulnerable to anemia. METHODS Using systematic and isotropic uniform random sampling, placental samples were collected from 189 placentas in a cohort study of Tanzanian women whose hemoglobin concentration was measured throughout pregnancy. Fetoplacental vessels and villi were defined as exerting either a transport or diffusion function. The vascularization patterns for transport and diffusion vessels and villi were assessed by stereology. Blood vessel length, surface area and diffusion distance as well as placental villi volume were calculated. RESULTS Anemia from a gestational age of 23 weeks was significantly associated with increased fetoplacental vascularization in vessels and villi compared to women who were non-anemic throughout pregnancy. Transport surface vessel area: 0.31 m2 [95% CI: 0.18-0.55], P = 0.01; Transport villi volume 19.8 cm3 [95% CI: 6.37-33.2], P = 0.004, Transport vessel diameter 7.23 μm [95% CI: 1.23-13.3], P = 0.02. Diffusion vessel surface: 3.23 m2 [95% CI: 1.55-4.91], P < 0.001 and diffusion villi volume: 29.8 cm3 [95% CI: 10.0-49.5], P = 0.003). Finally, all the measured transport vessel and villi significantly parameters and diffusion vessel surface, vessel diameter and diffusion distance were associated with birth weight. DISCUSSION Increased fetoplacental vascularization related to anemia from a gestational age of 23 weeks in pregnancy together with the association between fetoplacental vascularity and birth weight suggest that the timing of anemia determines the effect on fetoplacental vascularization and underlines the clinical relevance for proper development of fetoplacental vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie L Moeller
- Division of Global Health, Department of Public Health, Oester Farimagsgade 5, Building 9, University of Copenhagen, DK-1014, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Christentze Schmiegelow
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Blegdamsvej 3B, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lise G Larsen
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Naestved, DK-4700, Naestved, Denmark.
| | - Karsten Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul Jensens Boulevard 99, C112, DK-8200, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Omari Abdul Msemo
- National Institute for Medical Research, Korogwe, 210, Tanga, Tanzania.
| | - John P A Lusingu
- National Institute for Medical Research, Korogwe, 210, Tanga, Tanzania.
| | - Daniel T R Minja
- National Institute for Medical Research, Korogwe, 210, Tanga, Tanzania.
| | - Thor G Theander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Blegdamsvej 3B, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ib C Bygbjerg
- Division of Global Health, Department of Public Health, Oester Farimagsgade 5, Building 9, University of Copenhagen, DK-1014, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Department of Clinical Medicine, C113, level 1, Palle Juul Jensens Boulevard 99, Aarhus University, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
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39
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Musazzi L, Sala N, Tornese P, Gallivanone F, Belloli S, Conte A, Di Grigoli G, Chen F, Ikinci A, Treccani G, Bazzini C, Castiglioni I, Nyengaard JR, Wegener G, Moresco RM, Popoli M. Acute Inescapable Stress Rapidly Increases Synaptic Energy Metabolism in Prefrontal Cortex and Alters Working Memory Performance. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:4948-4957. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Brain energy metabolism actively regulates synaptic transmission and activity. We have previously shown that acute footshock (FS)-stress induces fast and long-lasting functional and morphological changes at excitatory synapses in prefrontal cortex (PFC). Here, we asked whether FS-stress increased energy metabolism in PFC, and modified related cognitive functions. Using positron emission tomography (PET), we found that FS-stress induced a redistribution of glucose metabolism in the brain, with relative decrease of [18F]FDG uptake in ventro-caudal regions and increase in dorso-rostral ones. Absolute [18F]FDG uptake was inversely correlated with serum corticosterone. Increased specific hexokinase activity was also measured in purified PFC synaptosomes (but not in total extract) of FS-stressed rats, which positively correlated with 2-Deoxy [3H] glucose uptake by synaptosomes. In line with increased synaptic energy demand, using an electron microscopy-based stereological approach, we found that acute stress induced a redistribution of mitochondria at excitatory synapses, together with an increase in their volume. The fast functional and metabolic activation of PFC induced by acute stress, was accompanied by rapid and sustained alterations of working memory performance in delayed response to T-maze test. Taken together, the present data suggest that acute stress increases energy consumption at PFC synaptic terminals and alters working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Musazzi
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and CEND, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Nathalie Sala
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and CEND, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Tornese
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and CEND, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Gallivanone
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi) CNR, Segrate, Italy
| | - Sara Belloli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi) CNR, Segrate, Italy
| | - Alessandra Conte
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and CEND, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Grigoli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi) CNR, Segrate, Italy
| | - Fengua Chen
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Ayşe Ikinci
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Giulia Treccani
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Chiara Bazzini
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and CEND, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Isabella Castiglioni
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi) CNR, Segrate, Italy
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Rosa M Moresco
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Maurizio Popoli
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and CEND, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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40
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Khan AR, Hansen B, Danladi J, Chuhutin A, Wiborg O, Nyengaard JR, Jespersen SN. Neurite atrophy in dorsal hippocampus of rat indicates incomplete recovery of chronic mild stress induced depression. NMR Biomed 2019; 32:e4057. [PMID: 30707463 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Raza Khan
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Brian Hansen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jibrin Danladi
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital Risskov, Denmark
| | - Andrey Chuhutin
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ove Wiborg
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sune Nørhøj Jespersen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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41
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Qvist P, Eskildsen SF, Hansen B, Baragji M, Ringgaard S, Roovers J, Paternoster V, Molgaard S, Corydon TJ, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Glerup S, Mors O, Wegener G, Nyengaard JR, Børglum AD, Christensen JH. Brain volumetric alterations accompanied with loss of striatal medium-sized spiny neurons and cortical parvalbumin expressing interneurons in Brd1 +/- mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16486. [PMID: 30405140 PMCID: PMC6220279 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34729-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a common and severe mental disorder arising from complex gene-environment interactions affecting brain development and functioning. While a consensus on the neuroanatomical correlates of schizophrenia is emerging, much of its fundamental pathobiology remains unknown. In this study, we explore brain morphometry in mice with genetic susceptibility and phenotypic relevance to schizophrenia (Brd1+/− mice) using postmortem 3D MR imaging coupled with histology, immunostaining and regional mRNA marker analysis. In agreement with recent large-scale schizophrenia neuroimaging studies, Brd1+/− mice displayed subcortical abnormalities, including volumetric reductions of amygdala and striatum. Interestingly, we demonstrate that structural alteration in striatum correlates with a general loss of striatal neurons, differentially impacting subpopulations of medium-sized spiny neurons and thus potentially striatal output. Akin to parvalbumin interneuron dysfunction in patients, a decline in parvalbumin expression was noted in the developing cortex of Brd1+/− mice, mainly driven by neuronal loss within or near cortical layer V, which is rich in corticostriatal projection neurons. Collectively, our study highlights the translational value of the Brd1+/− mouse as a pre-clinical tool for schizophrenia research and provides novel insight into its developmental, structural, and cellular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Qvist
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. .,iSEQ, Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Simon F Eskildsen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Brian Hansen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Steffen Ringgaard
- The MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jolien Roovers
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Veerle Paternoster
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,iSEQ, Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon Molgaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Juhl Corydon
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | | | - Simon Glerup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.,iSEQ, Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders D Børglum
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,iSEQ, Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Jane H Christensen
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,iSEQ, Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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42
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Hasselholt S, Hahn U, Vedel Jensen EB, Nyengaard JR. Practical implementation of the planar and spatial rotator in a complex tissue: the brain. J Microsc 2018; 273:26-35. [PMID: 30240001 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In neuroscience, application of widely used stereological local volume estimators, including the planar rotator, is challenged by the combination of a complex tissue organisation and an estimator requirement of either isotropic or vertical sections, i.e. randomly oriented tissue. The spatial rotator is applicable with any tissue orientation but is sensitive to projection artefacts. The challenge is thus to select the most appropriate method for individual analyses. In this study, agreement between estimates of mean cell volume acquired with the vertical planar and the spatial rotator is assessed for two brain regions with different types of cytoarchitecture (motor cortex and hippocampal cornu ammonis 1). The possibility of using the planar rotator in tissues cut in an arbitrary direction is explored and requirements for a theoretically unbiased result as well as histological considerations are provided. LAY DESCRIPTION: Cells may change volume both during disease and with advancing age. Assessment of the volume of individual cells can therefore serve as a useful indicator of general tissue state. Most available methods to estimate cell volume in tissue sections, however, require that the tissue analysed has random orientation. Particularly for complex tissues such as the brain this is a challenge as identification, delineation and subdivision of many brain areas rely heavily on the use of anatomical atlases where illustrations depict the tissue in a few well-known orientations. In this study, the practical application of two different methods for estimating mean cell volumes in tissues cut in a preferred orientation is evaluated. Requirements for the feasibility of cell volume estimation without random tissue orientation as well as histological considerations are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hasselholt
- Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - U Hahn
- Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Mathematics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - E B Vedel Jensen
- Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Mathematics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J R Nyengaard
- Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC), Aarhus, Denmark
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43
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Le LTM, Nyengaard JR, Golas MM, Sander B. Vectors for Expression of Signal Peptide-Dependent Proteins in Baculovirus/Insect Cell Systems and Their Application to Expression and Purification of the High-Affinity Immunoglobulin Gamma Fc Receptor I in Complex with Its Gamma Chain. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 60:31-40. [PMID: 29143175 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-017-0041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Integral membrane proteins play a central role in various cellular functions and are important therapeutic targets. However, technical challenges in the overexpression and purification of membrane proteins often represent a limiting factor for biochemical and structural studies. Here, we constructed a set of vectors, derivatives of MultiBac vectors that can be used to express proteins with a cleavable N-terminal signal peptide in insect cells. We propose these vectors for expression of type I membrane proteins and other secretory pathway proteins that require the signal recognition particle for translocation to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The vectors code for N-terminal and C-terminal affinity tags including 3 × FLAG and Twin-Strep, which represent tags compatible with efficient translocation to the ER as well as with purification under mild conditions that preserve protein structure and function. As a model, we used our system to express and purify the engineered high-affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I (CD64) in complex with its gamma subunit (γ-chain). We demonstrate that CD64 expressed in complex with the γ-chain is functional in immunoglobulin G (IgG) binding. The sedimentation of CD64 in complex with IgG suggests individual CD64/IgG complexes in addition to formation of high-molecular weight complexes. In summary, our vectors can be used as a tool for expression of membrane proteins, other secretory pathway proteins and their protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le T M Le
- Stereology and EM Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Stereology and EM Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Monika M Golas
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, Building 1233/1234, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bjoern Sander
- Stereology and EM Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
- Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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44
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Hansen SN, Jørgensen JMB, Nyengaard JR, Lykkesfeldt J, Tveden-Nyborg P. Early Life Vitamin C Deficiency Does Not Alter Morphology of Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons or Markers of Synaptic Plasticity in a Guinea Pig Model. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10060749. [PMID: 29890692 PMCID: PMC6024653 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 15% of the Western world population, including pregnant women and their children, is characterized as vitamin C (vitC) deficient. In guinea pigs, early life vitC deficiency causes spatial memory deficits, decreased hippocampal volume and neuron numbers, in otherwise clinically healthy animals. We hypothesized that vitC deficiency leads to decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor and synaptic plasticity markers in selected brain areas (frontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum) and cause morphological changes in cornu ammonis 1 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus either through a direct effect or indirectly by increased oxidative stress. Fifty-seven female guinea pigs were allocated to three groups receiving either 1390, 100 or 0–50 mg vitC/kg feed for 11 weeks. Dietary vitC levels were reflected in the plasma, cortical and adrenal gland levels, however, redox imbalance was only present in the adrenal glands allowing for the investigation of a direct influence of vitC deficiency on the chosen parameters in the brain. Synaptic plasticity markers were not affected in the investigated brain areas and no differences in isolated pyramidal neuron morphology was recorded. Based on our findings, it appears that vitC deficiency may primarily elicit impaired neuronal function through increased levels of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine N Hansen
- Section for Experimental Animals, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Jane M Bjørn Jørgensen
- Section for Experimental Animals, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Section for Experimental Animals, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
- Core Center of Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Noerrebrogade 44, Building 10G, 3rd Floor, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Section for Experimental Animals, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Pernille Tveden-Nyborg
- Section for Experimental Animals, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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Bay V, Kjølby BF, Iversen NK, Mikkelsen IK, Ardalan M, Nyengaard JR, Jespersen SN, Drasbek KR, Østergaard L, Hansen B. Stroke infarct volume estimation in fixed tissue: Comparison of diffusion kurtosis imaging to diffusion weighted imaging and histology in a rodent MCAO model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196161. [PMID: 29698450 PMCID: PMC5919652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) is a new promising MRI technique with microstructural sensitivity superior to conventional diffusion tensor (DTI) based methods. In stroke, considerable mismatch exists between the infarct lesion outline obtained from the two methods, kurtosis and diffusion tensor derived metrics. We aim to investigate if this mismatch can be examined in fixed tissue. Our investigation is based on estimates of mean diffusivity (MD) and mean (of the) kurtosis tensor (MKT) obtained using recent fast DKI methods requiring only 19 images. At 24 hours post stroke, rat brains were fixed and prepared. The infarct was clearly visible in both MD and MKT maps. The MKT lesion volume was roughly 31% larger than the MD lesion volume. Subsequent histological analysis (hematoxylin) revealed similar lesion volumes to MD. Our study shows that structural components underlying the MD/MKT mismatch can be investigated in fixed tissue and therefore allows a more direct comparison between lesion volumes from MRI and histology. Additionally, the larger MKT infarct lesion indicates that MKT do provide increased sensitivity to microstructural changes in the lesion area compared to MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke Bay
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Birgitte F. Kjølby
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nina K. Iversen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Irene K. Mikkelsen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens R. Nyengaard
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sune N. Jespersen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kim R. Drasbek
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Leif Østergaard
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Brian Hansen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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46
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Botting KJ, Loke XY, Zhang S, Andersen JB, Nyengaard JR, Morrison JL. IUGR decreases cardiomyocyte endowment and alters cardiac metabolism in a sex- and cause-of-IUGR-specific manner. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R48-R67. [PMID: 29561647 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00180.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) increases the risk of ischemic heart disease in adulthood. Studies in rats suggest cardiac vulnerability is more pronounced in males and in offspring that were exposed to hypoxia in utero. Therefore, we aimed to test the hypotheses that 1) IUGR adolescent males, but not females, have fewer cardiomyocytes and altered expression of cardiometabolic genes compared with controls; and 2) IUGR due to hypoxia has a greater effect on these parameters compared with IUGR due to nutrient restriction. IUGR was induced in guinea pigs by maternal hypoxia (MH; 10% O2, n = 9) or maternal nutrient restriction (MNR; ~30% reduction in food intake, n = 9) in the second half of pregnancy and compared with control ( n = 11). At 120 days of age, postmortem was performed and the left ventricle perfusion fixed for stereological determination of cardiomyocyte number or snap frozen to determine the abundance of cardiometabolic genes and proteins by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. MH reduced the number of cardiomyocytes in female ( P < 0.05), but not male or MNR, adolescent offspring. Furthermore, IUGR males had decreased expression of genes responsible for fatty acid activation in the sarcoplasm ( FACS) and transport into the mitochondria ( AMPK-a2 and ACC; P < 0.05) and females exposed to MH had increased activation/phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase-α ( P < 0.05). We postulate that the changes in cardiomyocyte endowment and cardiac gene expression observed in the present study are a direct result of in utero programming, as offspring at this age did not suffer from obesity, hypertension, or left ventricular hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Botting
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia.,Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Science, The University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | - X Y Loke
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | - S Zhang
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | - J B Andersen
- Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - J R Nyengaard
- Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - J L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia.,Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Science, The University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
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47
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Chen F, Danladi J, Ardalan M, Elfving B, Müller HK, Wegener G, Sanchez C, Nyengaard JR. A Critical Role of Mitochondria in BDNF-Associated Synaptic Plasticity After One-Week Vortioxetine Treatment. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 21. [PMID: 29514282 PMCID: PMC6007239 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies have indicated that antidepressant effect of vortioxetine involves increased synaptic plasticity and promotion of spine maturation. Mitochondria dysfunction may contribute to the pathophysiological basis of major depressive disorder. Taking into consideration that vortioxetine increases spine number and dendritic branching in hippocampus CA1 faster than fluoxetine, we hypothesize that new spines induced by vortioxetine can rapidly form functional synapses by mitochondrial support, accompanied by increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling. METHODS Rats were treated for 1 week with vortioxetine or fluoxetine at pharmacologically relevant doses. Number of synapses and mitochondria in hippocampus CA1 were quantified by electron microscopy. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein levels were visualized with immunohistochemistry. Gene and protein expression of synapse and mitochondria-related markers were investigated with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. RESULTS Vortioxetine increased number of synapses and mitochondria significantly, whereas fluoxetine had no effect after 1-week dosing. BDNF levels in hippocampus DG and CA1 were significantly higher after vortioxetine treatment. Gene expression levels of Rac1 after vortioxetine treatment were significantly increased. There was a tendency towards increased gene expression levels of Drp1 and protein levels of Rac1. However, both gene and protein levels of c-Fos were significantly decreased. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between BDNF levels and mitochondria and synapse numbers. CONCLUSION Our results imply that mitochondria play a critical role in synaptic plasticity accompanied by increased BDNF levels. Rapid changes in BDNF levels and synaptic/mitochondria plasticity of hippocampus following vortioxetine compared with fluoxetine may be ascribed to vortioxetine's modulation of serotonin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Chen
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Correspondence: Fenghua Chen, Department of Clinical Medicine - Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Skovagervej 2, 8240 Risskov, Denmark ()
| | - Jibrin Danladi
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine - Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Betina Elfving
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Heidi K Müller
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- AUGUST Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Connie Sanchez
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
- Alkermes, Biotechnology, Waltham, MA
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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48
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Prabakaran T, Bodda C, Krapp C, Zhang BC, Christensen MH, Sun C, Reinert L, Cai Y, Jensen SB, Skouboe MK, Nyengaard JR, Thompson CB, Lebbink RJ, Sen GC, van Loo G, Nielsen R, Komatsu M, Nejsum LN, Jakobsen MR, Gyrd-Hansen M, Paludan SR. Attenuation of cGAS-STING signaling is mediated by a p62/SQSTM1-dependent autophagy pathway activated by TBK1. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201797858. [PMID: 29496741 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201797858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative regulation of immune pathways is essential to achieve resolution of immune responses and to avoid excess inflammation. DNA stimulates type I IFN expression through the DNA sensor cGAS, the second messenger cGAMP, and the adaptor molecule STING Here, we report that STING degradation following activation of the pathway occurs through autophagy and is mediated by p62/SQSTM1, which is phosphorylated by TBK1 to direct ubiquitinated STING to autophagosomes. Degradation of STING was impaired in p62-deficient cells, which responded with elevated IFN production to foreign DNA and DNA pathogens. In the absence of p62, STING failed to traffic to autophagy-associated vesicles. Thus, DNA sensing induces the cGAS-STING pathway to activate TBK1, which phosphorylates IRF3 to induce IFN expression, but also phosphorylates p62 to stimulate STING degradation and attenuation of the response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaneas Prabakaran
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunity, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Chiranjeevi Bodda
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunity, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christian Krapp
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunity, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bao-Cun Zhang
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunity, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maria H Christensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunity, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Chenglong Sun
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunity, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Line Reinert
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunity, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yujia Cai
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunity, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren B Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunity, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morten K Skouboe
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunity, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Craig B Thompson
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Jan Lebbink
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ganes C Sen
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Geert van Loo
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rikke Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Lene N Nejsum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin R Jakobsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunity, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mads Gyrd-Hansen
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Søren R Paludan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark .,Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunity, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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49
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Khan AR, Kroenke CD, Wiborg O, Chuhutin A, Nyengaard JR, Hansen B, Jespersen SN. Differential microstructural alterations in rat cerebral cortex in a model of chronic mild stress depression. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192329. [PMID: 29432490 PMCID: PMC5809082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic mild stress leads to depression in many cases and is linked to several debilitating diseases including mental disorders. Recently, neuronal tracing techniques, stereology, and immunohistochemistry have revealed persistent and significant microstructural alterations in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala, which form an interconnected system known as the stress circuit. Most studies have focused only on this circuit, however, some studies indicate that manipulation of sensory and motor systems may impact genesis and therapy of mood disorders and therefore these areas should not be neglected in the study of brain microstructure alterations in response to stress and depression. For this reason, we explore the microstructural alterations in different cortical regions in a chronic mild stress model of depression. The study employs ex-vivo diffusion MRI (d-MRI) to assess cortical microstructure in stressed (anhedonic and resilient) and control animals. MRI is followed by immunohistochemistry to substantiate the d-MRI findings. We find significantly lower extracellular diffusivity in auditory cortex (AC) of stress groups and a significantly higher fractional anisotropy in the resilient group. Neurite density was not found to be significantly higher in any cortical ROIs in the stress group compared to control, although axonal density is higher in the stress groups. We also report significant thinning of motor cortex (MC) in both stress groups. This is in agreement with recent clinical and preclinical studies on depression and similar disorders where significant microstructural and metabolic alterations were found in AC and MC. Our findings provide further evidence that the AC and MC are sensitive towards stress exposure and may extend our understanding of the microstructural effects of stress beyond the stress circuit of the brain. Progress in this field may provide new avenues of research to help in diagnosis and treatment intervention for depression and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Raza Khan
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christopher D. Kroenke
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Ove Wiborg
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andrey Chuhutin
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens R. Nyengaard
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Brian Hansen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sune Nørhøj Jespersen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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50
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Ranjkesh B, Ding M, Dalstra M, Nyengaard JR, Chevallier J, Isidor F, Løvschall H. Calcium phosphate precipitation in experimental gaps between fluoride-containing fast-setting calcium silicate cement and dentin. Eur J Oral Sci 2018; 126:118-125. [PMID: 29334137 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel fast-setting calcium silicate cement containing fluoride (novel-CSC) has been developed for applications in tooth crowns. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of the novel-CSC to close the experimental gaps at the dentin-cement interface. The novel-CSC was tested against Vitrebond and GC Fuji II LC. Experimental gaps of 50 or 300 μm width were created between the materials and dentin. Specimens with the 300-μm-wide gap were immersed in phosphate-buffered saline and the closed gap area was measured during 96 h. All specimens with 50 or 300 μm gap width were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) to assess the morphology and chemical composition of the precipitates after 96 h immersion in phosphate-buffered saline. High-resolution micro-computed tomography (μCT) was used to evaluate the integrity and continuity of the precipitiates after 96 h and 180 d. In all novel-CSC samples, precipitates closed the gap area completely after 96 h. The SEM/EDX revealed that the globular precipitates closing the gap area were mainly composed of calcium and phosphorus. After 180 d, μCT indicated thicker precipitates compared with initial precipitates only in the novel-CSC group, whereas no precipitates were observed in resin-modified glass ionomers. Novel-CSC promoted continuous precipitation of calcium phosphate, including apatite, and closed the experimental gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Ranjkesh
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ming Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Michel Dalstra
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Flemming Isidor
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Løvschall
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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