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Gonçalves NP, Jager SE, Richner M, Murray SS, Mohseni S, Jensen TS, Vaegter CB. Schwann cell p75 neurotrophin receptor modulates small fiber degeneration in diabetic neuropathy. Glia 2020; 68:2725-2743. [PMID: 32658363 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy has an incidence as high as 50% of diabetic patients and is characterized by damage to neurons, Schwann cells and blood vessels within the peripheral nervous system. The low-affinity neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75NTR ), particularly expressed by the Schwann cells in the peripheral nerve, has previously been reported to play a role in developmental myelination and cell survival/death. Increased levels of p75NTR , in the endoneurium and plasma from diabetic patients and rodent models of disease, have been observed, proposing that this receptor might be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Therefore, in this study, we addressed this hypothesis by utilizing a mouse model of selective nerve growth factor receptor (Ngfr) deletion in Schwann cells (SC-p75NTR -KO). Electron microscopy of sciatic nerves from mice with high fat diet induced obesity demonstrated how loss of Schwann cell-p75NTR aggravated axonal atrophy and loss of C-fibers. RNA sequencing disclosed several pre-clinical signaling alterations in the diabetic peripheral nerves, dependent on Schwann cell p75NTR signaling, specially related with lysosome, phagosome, and immune pathways. Morphological and biochemical analyses identified abundant lysosomes and autophagosomes in the C-fiber axoplasm of the diabetic SC-p75NTR -KO nerves, which together with increased Cathepsin B protein levels corroborates gene upregulation from the phagolysosomal pathways. Altogether, this study demonstrates that Schwann cell p75NTR deficiency amplifies diabetic neuropathy disease by triggering overactivation of immune-related pathways and increased lysosomal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia P Gonçalves
- Department of Biomedicine, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience-DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,International Diabetic Neuropathy Consortium (IDNC), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Sara E Jager
- Department of Biomedicine, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience-DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mette Richner
- Department of Biomedicine, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience-DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Simon S Murray
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simin Mohseni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Troels S Jensen
- International Diabetic Neuropathy Consortium (IDNC), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Neurology and Danish Pain Research Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christian B Vaegter
- Department of Biomedicine, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience-DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,International Diabetic Neuropathy Consortium (IDNC), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
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2
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Christensen NR, De Luca M, Lever MB, Richner M, Hansen AB, Noes-Holt G, Jensen KL, Rathje M, Jensen DB, Erlendsson S, Bartling CR, Ammendrup-Johnsen I, Pedersen SE, Schönauer M, Nissen KB, Midtgaard SR, Teilum K, Arleth L, Sørensen AT, Bach A, Strømgaard K, Meehan CF, Vaegter CB, Gether U, Madsen KL. A high-affinity, bivalent PDZ domain inhibitor complexes PICK1 to alleviate neuropathic pain. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11248. [PMID: 32352640 PMCID: PMC7278562 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maladaptive plasticity involving increased expression of AMPA-type glutamate receptors is involved in several pathologies, including neuropathic pain, but direct inhibition of AMPARs is associated with side effects. As an alternative, we developed a cell-permeable, high-affinity (~2 nM) peptide inhibitor, Tat-P4 -(C5)2 , of the PDZ domain protein PICK1 to interfere with increased AMPAR expression. The affinity is obtained partly from the Tat peptide and partly from the bivalency of the PDZ motif, engaging PDZ domains from two separate PICK1 dimers to form a tetrameric complex. Bivalent Tat-P4 -(C5)2 disrupts PICK1 interaction with membrane proteins on supported cell membrane sheets and reduce the interaction of AMPARs with PICK1 and AMPA-receptor surface expression in vivo. Moreover, Tat-P4 -(C5)2 administration reduces spinal cord transmission and alleviates mechanical hyperalgesia in the spared nerve injury model of neuropathic pain. Taken together, our data reveal Tat-P4 -(C5)2 as a novel promising lead for neuropathic pain treatment and expand the therapeutic potential of bivalent inhibitors to non-tandem protein-protein interaction domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj R Christensen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marta De Luca
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael B Lever
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Richner
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Astrid B Hansen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gith Noes-Holt
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kathrine L Jensen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Rathje
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dennis Bo Jensen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Erlendsson
- Structural biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Ro Bartling
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ina Ammendrup-Johnsen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofie E Pedersen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michèle Schönauer
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus B Nissen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren R Midtgaard
- Structural Biophysics, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaare Teilum
- Structural biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Arleth
- Structural Biophysics, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas T Sørensen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Bach
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Strømgaard
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claire F Meehan
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian B Vaegter
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Gether
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenneth L Madsen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Jager SE, Pallesen LT, Richner M, Harley P, Hore Z, McMahon S, Denk F, Vaegter CB. Changes in the transcriptional fingerprint of satellite glial cells following peripheral nerve injury. Glia 2020; 68:1375-1395. [PMID: 32045043 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Satellite glial cells (SGCs) are homeostatic cells enveloping the somata of peripheral sensory and autonomic neurons. A wide variety of neuronal stressors trigger activation of SGCs, contributing to, for example, neuropathic pain through modulation of neuronal activity. However, compared to neurons and other glial cells of the nervous system, SGCs have received modest scientific attention and very little is known about SGC biology, possibly due to the experimental challenges associated with studying them in vivo and in vitro. Utilizing a recently developed method to obtain SGC RNA from dorsal root ganglia (DRG), we took a systematic approach to characterize the SGC transcriptional fingerprint by using next-generation sequencing and, for the first time, obtain an overview of the SGC injury response. Our RNA sequencing data are easily accessible in supporting information in Excel format. They reveal that SGCs are enriched in genes related to the immune system and cell-to-cell communication. Analysis of SGC transcriptional changes in a nerve injury-paradigm reveal a differential response at 3 days versus 14 days postinjury, suggesting dynamic modulation of SGC function over time. Significant downregulation of several genes linked to cholesterol synthesis was observed at both time points. In contrast, regulation of gene clusters linked to the immune system (MHC protein complex and leukocyte migration) was mainly observed after 14 days. Finally, we demonstrate that, after nerve injury, macrophages are in closer physical proximity to both small and large DRG neurons, and that previously reported injury-induced proliferation of SGCs may, in fact, be proliferating macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Jager
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Lone T Pallesen
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mette Richner
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peter Harley
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Zoe Hore
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Stephen McMahon
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Franziska Denk
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Christian B Vaegter
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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4
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Monti G, Kristensen ML, Mehmedbasic A, Melnikova M, Holm IE, Barkholt P, Zole E, Vaegter CB, Vorum H, Nyengaard JR, Andersen OM. P4-517: EXPRESSION OF THE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE RISK FACTOR SORLA IN THE POSTNATAL MOUSE RETINA. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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5
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Richner M, Ferreira N, Dudele A, Jensen TS, Vaegter CB, Gonçalves NP. Functional and Structural Changes of the Blood-Nerve-Barrier in Diabetic Neuropathy. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:1038. [PMID: 30692907 PMCID: PMC6339909 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes mellitus is approaching global epidemic proportions and should be considered a major health-care problem of modern societies in the twenty-first century. Diabetic neuropathy is a common chronic complication of diabetes and, although an adequate glycemic control can reduce the frequency of diabetic neuropathy in type 1 diabetes, the majority of type 2 diabetic patients will develop this complication. The underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood, preventing the development of effective treatment strategies. However, accumulating evidence suggests that breakdown of the blood-nerve barrier (BNB) plays a pivotal pathophysiological role in diabetic neuropathy. In the present review, we highlight the structural and functional significance of the BNB in health and disease, focusing on the pathological molecular events leading to BNB dysfunction in diabetic neuropathy. In addition, we discuss potential molecular targets involved in BNB homeostasis that may pave the way toward novel therapeutic strategies for treating diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Richner
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nelson Ferreira
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anete Dudele
- The International Diabetic Neuropathy Consortium, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Troels S Jensen
- The International Diabetic Neuropathy Consortium, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Danish Pain Research Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian B Vaegter
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,The International Diabetic Neuropathy Consortium, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nádia P Gonçalves
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,The International Diabetic Neuropathy Consortium, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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6
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Abstract
Traditionally, the spinal cord is isolated by laminectomy, i.e. by breaking open the spinal vertebrae one at a time. This is both time consuming and may result in damage to the spinal cord caused by the dissection process. Here, we show how the spinal cord can be extruded using hydraulic pressure. Handling time is significantly reduced to only a few minutes, likely decreasing protein damage. The low risk of damage to the spinal cord tissue improves subsequent immunohistochemical analysis. By performing hydraulic spinal cord extrusion instead of traditional laminectomy, the rodents can further be used for DRG isolation, thereby lowering the number of animals and allowing analysis across tissues from the same rodent. We demonstrate a consistent method to identify and isolate the DRGs according to their localization relative to the costae. It is, however, important to adjust this method to the particular animal used, as the number of spinal cord segments, both thoracic and lumbar, may vary according to animal type and strain. In addition, we illustrate further processing examples of the isolated tissues.
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7
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Glerup S, Bolcho U, Mølgaard S, Bøggild S, Vaegter CB, Smith AH, Nieto-Gonzalez JL, Ovesen PL, Pedersen LF, Fjorback AN, Kjolby M, Login H, Holm MM, Andersen OM, Nyengaard JR, Willnow TE, Jensen K, Nykjaer A. SorCS2 is required for BDNF-dependent plasticity in the hippocampus. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1740-1751. [PMID: 27457814 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SorCS2 is a member of the Vps10p-domain receptor gene family receptors with critical roles in the control of neuronal viability and function. Several genetic studies have suggested SORCS2 to confer risk of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Here we report that hippocampal N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity is eliminated in SorCS2-deficient mice. This defect was traced to the ability of SorCS2 to form complexes with the neurotrophin receptor p75NTR, required for pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to induce long-term depression, and with the BDNF receptor tyrosine kinase TrkB to elicit long-term potentiation. Although the interaction with p75NTR was static, SorCS2 bound to TrkB in an activity-dependent manner to facilitate its translocation to postsynaptic densities for synaptic tagging and maintenance of synaptic potentiation. Neurons lacking SorCS2 failed to respond to BDNF by TrkB autophosphorylation, and activation of downstream signaling cascades, impacting neurite outgrowth and spine formation. Accordingly, Sorcs2-/- mice displayed impaired formation of long-term memory, increased risk taking and stimulus seeking behavior, enhanced susceptibility to stress and impaired prepulse inhibition. Our results identify SorCS2 as an indispensable coreceptor for p75NTR and TrkB in hippocampal neurons and suggest SORCS2 as the link between proBDNF/BDNF signaling and mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Glerup
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE- Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - U Bolcho
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE- Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - S Mølgaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE- Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - S Bøggild
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE- Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - C B Vaegter
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE- Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - A H Smith
- Yale School of Medicine, Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program and Medical Scientist Training Program, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, VAT CT Healthcare Center, and Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - P L Ovesen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE- Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - L F Pedersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE- Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - A N Fjorback
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - M Kjolby
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE- Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - H Login
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE- Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - M M Holm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - O M Andersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE- Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J R Nyengaard
- MIND Center, Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - T E Willnow
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Jensen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Nykjaer
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE- Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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8
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Gürgör P, Pallesen LT, Johnsen L, Ulrichsen M, de Jong IEM, Vaegter CB. Neuronal death in the dorsal root ganglion after sciatic nerve injury does not depend on sortilin. Neuroscience 2016; 319:1-8. [PMID: 26812033 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Injury to the sciatic nerve induces loss of sensory neurons in the affected dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). Previous studies have suggested the involvement of the neurotrophin receptors p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR)) and sortilin, proposing that sensory neuron subpopulations undergo proneurotrophin-induced apoptosis in a similar manner to what can be observed in the CNS following injury. To further investigate this hypothesis we induced sciatic nerve injury in sortilin-deficient mice, thereby preventing apoptotic signaling of proneurotrophins via the sortilin-p75(NTR) receptor complex. Using an unbiased stereological approach we found that loss of sortilin did not prevent the injury-induced loss of DRG neurons. This result demonstrates that previous findings linking p75(NTR) and proneurotrophins to loss of sensory neurons need to involve sortilin-independent pathways and suggests that proneurotrophins may elicit different functions in the CNS and PNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gürgör
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center Mind, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark
| | - L T Pallesen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center Mind, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark
| | - L Johnsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center Mind, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark
| | - M Ulrichsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center Mind, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark
| | - I E M de Jong
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Division of Neurodegeneration, Ottiliavej 9, Valby DK-2500, Denmark
| | - C B Vaegter
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center Mind, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark.
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9
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Glerup S, Olsen D, Vaegter CB, Gustafsen C, Sjoegaard SS, Hermey G, Kjolby M, Molgaard S, Ulrichsen M, Boggild S, Skeldal S, Fjorback AN, Nyengaard JR, Jacobsen J, Bender D, Bjarkam CR, Sørensen ES, Füchtbauer EM, Eichele G, Madsen P, Willnow TE, Petersen CM, Nykjaer A. SorCS2 regulates dopaminergic wiring and is processed into an apoptotic two-chain receptor in peripheral glia. Neuron 2014; 82:1074-87. [PMID: 24908487 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Balancing trophic and apoptotic cues is critical for development and regeneration of neuronal circuits. Here we identify SorCS2 as a proneurotrophin (proNT) receptor, mediating both trophic and apoptotic signals in conjunction with p75(NTR). CNS neurons, but not glia, express SorCS2 as a single-chain protein that is essential for proBDNF-induced growth cone collapse in developing dopaminergic processes. SorCS2- or p75(NTR)-deficient in mice caused reduced dopamine levels and metabolism and dopaminergic hyperinnervation of the frontal cortex. Accordingly, both knockout models displayed a paradoxical behavioral response to amphetamine reminiscent of ADHD. Contrary, in PNS glia, but not in neurons, proteolytic processing produced a two-chain SorCS2 isoform that mediated proNT-dependent Schwann cell apoptosis. Sciatic nerve injury triggered generation of two-chain SorCS2 in p75(NTR)-positive dying Schwann cells, with apoptosis being profoundly attenuated in Sorcs2(-/-) mice. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that two-chain processing of SorCS2 enables neurons and glia to respond differently to proneurotrophins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Glerup
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 4, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark; Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE Nordic-EMBL Partnership, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 4, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| | - Ditte Olsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 4, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark; Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE Nordic-EMBL Partnership, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 4, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian B Vaegter
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 4, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark; Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE Nordic-EMBL Partnership, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 4, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Camilla Gustafsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 4, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark; Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE Nordic-EMBL Partnership, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 4, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Susanne S Sjoegaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 4, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark; Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE Nordic-EMBL Partnership, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 4, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Guido Hermey
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 4, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mads Kjolby
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 4, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark; Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE Nordic-EMBL Partnership, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 4, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon Molgaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 4, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark; Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE Nordic-EMBL Partnership, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 4, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark; MIND Center, Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Aarhus University, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maj Ulrichsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 4, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark; Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE Nordic-EMBL Partnership, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 4, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon Boggild
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 4, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark; Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE Nordic-EMBL Partnership, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 4, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sune Skeldal
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 4, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anja N Fjorback
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 4, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark; Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE Nordic-EMBL Partnership, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 4, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- MIND Center, Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Aarhus University, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Jacobsen
- PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dirk Bender
- PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Carsten R Bjarkam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esben S Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Gregor Eichele
- Department of Genes and Behaviour, Max Plack Institute, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peder Madsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 4, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas E Willnow
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Claus M Petersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 4, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Nykjaer
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 4, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark; Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE Nordic-EMBL Partnership, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 4, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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10
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Abstract
The sortilin family of Vps10p-domain receptors includes sortilin, SorLA, and SorCS1-3. These type-I transmembrane receptors predominate in distinct neuronal tissues, but expression is also present in certain specialized non-neuronal cell populations including hepatocytes and cells of the immune system. The biology of sortilins is complex as they participate in both cell signaling and in intracellular protein sorting. Sortilins function physiologically in signaling by pro- and mature neurotrophins in neuronal viability and functionality. Recent genome-wide association studies have linked members to neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and bipolar disorder and outside the nervous system to development of coronary artery disease and type-2 diabetes. Particularly well described are the receptor functions in neuronal signaling by pro- (proNT) and mature (NT) neurotrophins and in the processing/metabolism of amyloid precursor protein (APP).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Glerup
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE, Nordic EMBL Partnership, and The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Ole Worms Allé 3, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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11
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Abstract
Peripheral neuropathic pain is a severe chronic pain condition which may result from trauma to sensory nerves in the peripheral nervous system. The spared nerve injury (SNI) model induces symptoms of neuropathic pain such as mechanical allodynia i.e. pain due to tactile stimuli that do not normally provoke a painful response [1]. The SNI mouse model involves ligation of two of the three branches of the sciatic nerve (the tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve), while the sural nerve is left intact [2]. The lesion results in marked hypersensitivity in the lateral area of the paw, which is innervated by the spared sural nerve. The non-operated side of the mouse can be used as a control. The advantages of the SNI model are the robustness of the response and that it doesn't require expert microsurgical skills. The threshold for mechanical pain response is determined by testing with von Frey filaments of increasing bending force, which are repetitively pressed against the lateral area of the paw [3], [4]. A positive pain reaction is defined as sudden paw withdrawal, flinching and/or paw licking induced by the filament. A positive response in three out of five repetitive stimuli is defined as the pain threshold. As demonstrated in the video protocol, C57BL/6 mice experience profound allodynia as early as the day following surgery and maintain this for several weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Richner
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University
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