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Glerup S, Bolcho U, Mølgaard S, Bøggild S, Vaegter CB, Smith AH, Nieto-Gonzalez JL, Ovesen PL, Pedersen LF, Fjorback AN, Kjolby M, Login H, Holm MM, Andersen OM, Nyengaard JR, Willnow TE, Jensen K, Nykjaer A. SorCS2 is required for BDNF-dependent plasticity in the hippocampus. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1740-1751. [PMID: 27457814 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SorCS2 is a member of the Vps10p-domain receptor gene family receptors with critical roles in the control of neuronal viability and function. Several genetic studies have suggested SORCS2 to confer risk of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Here we report that hippocampal N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity is eliminated in SorCS2-deficient mice. This defect was traced to the ability of SorCS2 to form complexes with the neurotrophin receptor p75NTR, required for pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to induce long-term depression, and with the BDNF receptor tyrosine kinase TrkB to elicit long-term potentiation. Although the interaction with p75NTR was static, SorCS2 bound to TrkB in an activity-dependent manner to facilitate its translocation to postsynaptic densities for synaptic tagging and maintenance of synaptic potentiation. Neurons lacking SorCS2 failed to respond to BDNF by TrkB autophosphorylation, and activation of downstream signaling cascades, impacting neurite outgrowth and spine formation. Accordingly, Sorcs2-/- mice displayed impaired formation of long-term memory, increased risk taking and stimulus seeking behavior, enhanced susceptibility to stress and impaired prepulse inhibition. Our results identify SorCS2 as an indispensable coreceptor for p75NTR and TrkB in hippocampal neurons and suggest SORCS2 as the link between proBDNF/BDNF signaling and mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Glerup
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE- Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - U Bolcho
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE- Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - S Mølgaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE- Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - S Bøggild
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE- Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - C B Vaegter
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE- Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - A H Smith
- Yale School of Medicine, Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program and Medical Scientist Training Program, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, VAT CT Healthcare Center, and Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - P L Ovesen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE- Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - L F Pedersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE- Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - A N Fjorback
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - M Kjolby
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE- Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - H Login
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE- Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - M M Holm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - O M Andersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE- Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J R Nyengaard
- MIND Center, Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - T E Willnow
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Jensen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Nykjaer
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE- Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Bundesen C, Pedersen LF, Larsen A. Measuring efficiency of selection from briefly exposed visual displays: a model for partial report. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 1985. [PMID: 6242410 DOI: 10.1037//0096-1523.10.3.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the proposed model for partial report, performance reflects the number of targets in a short-term memory buffer. The total number of items (targets, distractors, or extraneous noise) entering the buffer is independent of the number of targets and distractors in the stimulus. Entrance is determined by selective sampling according to a Luce (1959) ratio rule. The model was tested in a variety of conditions with partial reports based on brightness, color, shape, or alphanumeric class. With three parameters, the model accounted for 99% of the variance with number of targets and number of distractors in data obtained by averaging across conditions. Parameter K (number of items entering the buffer) showed little variation with the selection criterion, and estimates for parameter epsilon (total impact of extraneous noise with impact per target as the unit) were rather small. Estimates for parameter alpha (impact per distractor with impact per target as the unit) varied widely across conditions. Parameter alpha is a measure for the efficiency of selecting targets rather than distractors.
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Bundesen C, Pedersen LF, Larsen A. Measuring efficiency of selection from briefly exposed visual displays: a model for partial report. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 1984; 10:329-39. [PMID: 6242410 DOI: 10.1037/0096-1523.10.3.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the proposed model for partial report, performance reflects the number of targets in a short-term memory buffer. The total number of items (targets, distractors, or extraneous noise) entering the buffer is independent of the number of targets and distractors in the stimulus. Entrance is determined by selective sampling according to a Luce (1959) ratio rule. The model was tested in a variety of conditions with partial reports based on brightness, color, shape, or alphanumeric class. With three parameters, the model accounted for 99% of the variance with number of targets and number of distractors in data obtained by averaging across conditions. Parameter K (number of items entering the buffer) showed little variation with the selection criterion, and estimates for parameter epsilon (total impact of extraneous noise with impact per target as the unit) were rather small. Estimates for parameter alpha (impact per distractor with impact per target as the unit) varied widely across conditions. Parameter alpha is a measure for the efficiency of selecting targets rather than distractors.
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