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Luo JP, Yin N, Lu JB, Tan ZC, Shi Q. Design and construction of a refrigerator-cooled adiabatic calorimeter for heat capacity measurement in liquid helium temperature region. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:035114. [PMID: 38466030 DOI: 10.1063/5.0159807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Heat capacity is a fundamental thermodynamic property of a substance. Although heat capacity values and related thermodynamic functions are available for many materials, low-temperature heat capacity measurements, especially for novel materials, can still provide valuable insights for research in physics, chemistry, thermodynamics, and other fields. Reliable low-temperature heat capacity data are typically measured using classical adiabatic calorimeters, which use liquid helium as the refrigerant to provide a cryogenic environment for heat capacity measurements. However, liquid helium is not only expensive but also not easy to obtain, which greatly limits the application of adiabatic calorimetry. In this work, an accurate adiabatic calorimeter equipped with a Gifford-MacMahon refrigerator was designed and constructed for measuring the heat capacity of condensed matter in the temperature range from 4 to 100 K. The Gifford-MacMahon refrigerator was utilized to provide a stable liquid helium-free cryogenic environment. A simple mechanical thermal switch assembly was designed to facilitate switching between the refrigeration mode and the adiabatic measurement mode of the calorimeter. Based on the measurement results of standard reference materials, the optimized repeatability and accuracy of heat capacity measurements were determined to be within 0.8% and 1.5%, respectively. The heat capacity of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles was also investigated with this device. Furthermore, this adiabatic calorimeter only requires electricity to operate in the liquid helium temperature range, which may significantly advance the research on low-temperature heat capacity based on adiabatic calorimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Peng Luo
- Thermochemistry Laboratory, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Energy Materials Thermodynamics, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Thermochemistry for Energy and Materials, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Yin
- Thermochemistry Laboratory, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Energy Materials Thermodynamics, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Thermochemistry for Energy and Materials, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Bao Lu
- Thermochemistry Laboratory, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Energy Materials Thermodynamics, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Thermochemistry for Energy and Materials, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Tan
- Thermochemistry Laboratory, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Energy Materials Thermodynamics, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Thermochemistry for Energy and Materials, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Shi
- Thermochemistry Laboratory, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Energy Materials Thermodynamics, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Thermochemistry for Energy and Materials, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
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Edagawa A, Matsuda S, Kawakubo H, Imai H, Oaki Y. Coatable 2D Conjugated Polymers Containing Bulky Macromolecular Guests for Thermal Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:43792-43801. [PMID: 36057095 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic properties are derived from the structural flexibility of 2D polymers. Softening layered structures has the potential for tuning and enhancing the dynamic properties. In the present work, the flexibility of layered polydiacetylene (PDA) is tuned by the interlayer polymeric guests with different branching structures. PDA shows thermoresponsive color-change properties through shortening the effective conjugation length with molecular motion. Whereas the blue-to-red color transition is observed at certain threshold temperatures for the layered PDA without the interlayer guest, the intercalation of the bulky polymer guests lowers the starting temperature and widens the temperature range for the thermoresponsive color changes. The resultant layered composite of PDA and bulky polymer affords the homogeneous coating on substrates on the centimeter scale. The thermoresponsive color-change coating is applied to temperature-distribution imaging. The specific heat of liquids is colorimetrically estimated using the coating on the bottle. The coating on a silk cloth visualizes the temperature distribution on a simulated tissue during surgical operation using an ultrasonic coagulation cutting device. The coating can be applied to thermal imaging in a variety of fields. Moreover, the softening strategy contributes to explore dynamic properties of soft 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Edagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kawakubo
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yuya Oaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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