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Jin C, Tao X, Zhang W, Xu H, Wu Y, Chen Q, Li S, Ning A, Wang W, Wu Q, Chu M. Multi-omics and multi-stages integration identified a novel variant associated with silicosis risk. Arch Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s00204-024-03795-2. [PMID: 38811393 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03795-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Assessing the association between candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified by multi-omics approaches and susceptibility to silicosis. RNA-seq analysis was performed to screen the differentially expressed mRNAs in the fibrotic lung tissues of mice exposed to silica particles. Following this, we integrated the SNPs located in the above human homologenes with the silicosis-related genome-wide association study (GWAS) data to select the candidate SNPs. Then, expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL)-SNPs were identified by the GTEx database. Next, we validated the associations between the functional eQTL-SNPs and silicosis susceptibility by additional case-control study. And the contribution of the identified SNP and its host gene in the fibrosis process was further validated by functional experiments. A total of 12 eQTL-SNPs were identified in the screening stage. The results of the validation stage suggested that the variant T allele of rs419540 located in IL12RB1 significantly increased the risk of developing silicosis [additive model: odds ratio (OR) = 1.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-2.85, P = 0.017]. Furthermore, the combination of GWAS and the results of validation stage also indicated that the variant T allele of rs419540 in IL12RB1 was associated with increased silicosis risk (additive model: OR = 2.07, 95% CI 1.38-3.12, P < 0.001). Additionally, after knockdown or overexpression of IL12RB1, the levels of pro-inflammatory factors, such as IL-12, IFN-γ, and other pro-inflammatory factors, were correspondingly decreased or increased. The novel eQTL-SNP, rs419540, might increase the risk of silicosis by modulating the expression levels of IL12RB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmeng Jin
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaobo Tao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wendi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiwen Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yutong Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Anhui Ning
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qiuyun Wu
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Minjie Chu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Wen Y, Wang H, Tian D, Wang G. TH17 cell: a double-edged sword in the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2024; 17:17562848241230896. [PMID: 38390028 PMCID: PMC10883129 DOI: 10.1177/17562848241230896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic nonspecific inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, and its pathogenesis has not been fully understood. Extensive dysregulation of the intestinal mucosal immune system is critical in the development and progression of IBD. T helper (Th) 17 cells have the characteristics of plasticity. They can transdifferentiate into subpopulations with different functions in response to different factors in the surrounding environment, thus taking on different roles in regulating the intestinal immune responses. In this review, we will focus on the plasticity of Th17 cells as well as the function of Th17 cells and their related cytokines in IBD. We will summarize their pathogenic and protective roles in IBD under different conditions, respectively, hoping to further deepen the understanding of the pathological mechanisms underlying IBD and provide insights for future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dean Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Ge Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
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3
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Kim A, Xie F, Abed OA, Moon JJ. Vaccines for immune tolerance against autoimmune disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115140. [PMID: 37980949 PMCID: PMC10757742 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The high prevalence and rising incidence of autoimmune diseases have become a prominent public health issue. Autoimmune disorders result from the immune system erroneously attacking the body's own healthy cells and tissues, causing persistent inflammation, tissue injury, and impaired organ function. Existing treatments primarily rely on broad immunosuppression, leaving patients vulnerable to infections and necessitating lifelong treatments. To address these unmet needs, an emerging frontier of vaccine development aims to restore immune equilibrium by inducing immune tolerance to autoantigens, offering a potential avenue for a cure rather than mere symptom management. We discuss this burgeoning field of vaccine development against inflammation and autoimmune diseases, with a focus on common autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Vaccine-based strategies provide a new pathway for the future of autoimmune disease therapeutics, heralding a new era in the battle against inflammation and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Omar A Abed
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - James J Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.
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4
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Wu J, Tian Z, Zhuang X, Chen Y, Fan T, Li J, Wang X. Dynamic alterations in metabolomics and transcriptomics associated with intestinal fibrosis in a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced murine model. J Transl Med 2023; 21:554. [PMID: 37592304 PMCID: PMC10436422 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intestinal fibrosis is a common and severe complication of inflammatory bowel disease without clear pathogenesis. Abnormal expression of host genes and metabolic perturbations might associate with the onset of intestinal fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the development of intestinal fibrosis and the dynamic alterations in both fecal metabolites and host gene expression. METHODS We induced intestinal fibrosis in a murine model using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). TNBS-treated or control mice were sacrificed after 4 and 6 weeks of intervention; alterations in colonic genes and fecal metabolites were determined by transcriptomics and metabolomics, respectively. Differential, tendency, enrichment, and correlation analyses were performed to assess the relationship between host genes and fecal metabolites. RESULTS RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that 679 differential genes with enduring changes were mainly enriched in immune response-related signaling pathways and metabolism-related biological processes. Among them, 15 lipid metabolism-related genes were closely related to the development of intestinal fibrosis. Moreover, the fecal metabolic profile was significantly altered during intestinal fibrosis development, especially the lipid metabolites. Particularly, dynamic perturbations in lipids were strongly associated with alterations in lipid metabolism-related genes expression. Additionally, six dynamically altered metabolites might serve as biomarkers to identify colitis-related intestinal fibrosis in the murine model. CONCLUSIONS Intestinal fibrosis in colitis mice might be related to dynamic changes in gene expression and metabolites. These findings could provide new insights into the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhen Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.253, Industrial Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyi Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.253, Industrial Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoduan Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.253, Industrial Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiru Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.253, Industrial Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.253, Industrial Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.253, Industrial Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.253, Industrial Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang J, Qian X, Yan W, Diao Y, Da B, Shen J, Wang Z, Zhu W. Single-balloon Enteroscopy for Evaluation of Small Bowel Crohn Disease Strictures: Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes As a Risk Factor for Strictures. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2022; 32:741-746. [PMID: 36468898 DOI: 10.1097/sle.0000000000001117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few reports have focused on single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) for evaluation of small bowel Crohn disease (CD) strictures. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships between peripheral blood inflammatory markers and small bowel CD strictures observed by SBE. MATERIALS AND METHODS CD patients who underwent SBE between January 2016 and December 2020 were enrolled. The clinical characteristics and peripheral blood inflammatory markers were collected and analyzed to screen for predictive factors significantly associated with small bowel CD strictures. RESULTS A total of 221 CD patients underwent SBE. The lymphocyte (LC) counts in peripheral blood were significantly lower in the active group (n=178) than in the inactive group (n=43) according to the simple endoscopic score for CD (SES-CD), P =0.011, and was correlated with the SES-CD ( r =-0.134, P =0.047). The LC levels were significantly lower in the stricture group (n=116) than in the nonstricture group (n=105) based on whether small bowel strictures developed, P =0.000, and LC was a risk factor for strictures in the multivariate analysis [hazard ratio (HR), 2.332; 95% CI, 1.102-4.937; P =0.027]. In the subgroup analysis, LC levels notably decreased after stricture aggravation ( P =0.000). Forty-seven patients who underwent small bowel resection underwent SBE at 6 to 12 months after surgery. The LC level was significantly lower in the postoperative patients with strictures ( P =0.025), and LC (HR, 4.444; 95% CI, 1.265-15.617; P =0.020) was a risk of postoperative strictures by univariate analysis, but the age at diagnosis (HR, 6.462; 95% CI, 1.272-22.560; P =0.022) was an independent risk factor by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Peripheral blood LC levels were correlated with SES-CD and gradually decreased as the intestinal stricture increased in small bowel CD patients. The LC level was also significantly lower in the postoperative CD patients with strictures. The level of LC was a risk factor for small bowel strictures. These results suggest that peripheral blood LC could be a novel marker of small bowel CD strictures to guide CD diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoli Qian
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital
| | - Wei Yan
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital
| | - Yanqing Diao
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital
| | - Binlin Da
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital
| | | | - Zhiming Wang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital
| | - Weiming Zhu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital
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6
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Nikolakis D, de Voogd FAE, Pruijt MJ, Grootjans J, van de Sande MG, D’Haens GR. The Role of the Lymphatic System in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031854. [PMID: 35163775 PMCID: PMC8836364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the number of therapeutic options for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increased in recent years, patients suffer from decreased quality of life due to non-response or loss of response to the currently available treatments. An increased understanding of the disease’s etiology could provide novel insights for treatment strategies in IBD. Lymphatic system components are generally linked to immune responses and presumably related to inflammatory diseases pathophysiology. This review aims to summarize findings on immune-mediated mechanisms in lymphoid tissues linked with IBD pathogenesis and (potential) novel treatments. Enhanced innate and adaptive immune responses were observed in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and other lymphoid structures, such as Peyer’s patches, in patients with IBD and in animal models. Furthermore, the phenomenon of lymphatic obstruction in the form of granulomas in MLNs and lymphatic vessels correlates with disease activity. There is also evidence that abnormalities in the lymphatic stromal components and lymph node microbiome are common in IBD and could be exploited therapeutically. Finally, novel agents targeting lymphocyte trafficking have been added to the treatment armamentarium in the field of IBD. Overall, gut-associated lymphoid tissue plays a key role in IBD immunopathogenesis, which could offer novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Nikolakis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Amsterdam Institute for Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.N.); (F.A.E.d.V.); (M.J.P.); (J.G.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center (ARC), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Onassis Foundation, 4 Aeschinou Street, 10558 Athens, Greece
| | - Floris A. E. de Voogd
- Department of Gastroenterology, Amsterdam Institute for Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.N.); (F.A.E.d.V.); (M.J.P.); (J.G.)
| | - Maarten J. Pruijt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Amsterdam Institute for Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.N.); (F.A.E.d.V.); (M.J.P.); (J.G.)
| | - Joep Grootjans
- Department of Gastroenterology, Amsterdam Institute for Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.N.); (F.A.E.d.V.); (M.J.P.); (J.G.)
| | - Marleen G. van de Sande
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center (ARC), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert R. D’Haens
- Department of Gastroenterology, Amsterdam Institute for Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.N.); (F.A.E.d.V.); (M.J.P.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Lin SN, Mao R, Qian C, Bettenworth D, Wang J, Li J, Bruining D, Jairath V, Feagan B, Chen M, Rieder F. Development of Anti-fibrotic Therapy in Stricturing Crohn's Disease: Lessons from Randomized Trials in Other Fibrotic Diseases. Physiol Rev 2021; 102:605-652. [PMID: 34569264 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is considered an inevitable complication of Crohn's disease (CD) that results in symptoms of obstruction and stricture formation. Endoscopic or surgical treatment is required to treat the majority of patients. Progress in the management of stricturing CD is hampered by the lack of effective anti-fibrotic therapy; however, this situation is likely to change because of recent advances in other fibrotic diseases of the lung, liver and skin. In this review, we summarized data from randomized controlled trials (RCT) of anti-fibrotic therapies in these conditions. Multiple compounds have been tested for the anti-fibrotic effects in other organs. According to their mechanisms, they were categorized into growth factor modulators, inflammation modulators, 5-hydroxy-3-methylgultaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, intracellular enzymes and kinases, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) modulators and others. From our review of the results from the clinical trials and discussion of their implications in the gastrointestinal tract, we have identified several molecular candidates that could serve as potential therapies for intestinal fibrosis in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Nan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Ren Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Chenchen Qian
- Department of Internal Medicine, UPMC Pinnacle, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Dominik Bettenworth
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - David Bruining
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Vipul Jairath
- Alimentiv Inc., London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Feagan
- Alimentiv Inc., London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Minhu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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Sleiman J, Ouali SE, Qazi T, Cohen B, Steele SR, Baker ME, Rieder F. Prevention and Treatment of Stricturing Crohn's Disease - Perspectives and Challenges. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 15:401-411. [PMID: 33225766 PMCID: PMC8026566 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2021.1854732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Fibrostenosis is a hallmark of Crohn's disease (CD), remains a challenge in today's clinical management of inflammatory bowel disease patients and represents a key event in the disease course necessitating improved preventative strategies and a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and management. With the advent of anti-fibrotic therapies and well-defined clinical endpoints for stricturing CD, there is promise to impact the natural history of disease.Areas covered: This review summarizes current evidence in the natural history of stricturing Crohn's disease, discusses management approaches as well as future perspectives on intestinal fibrosis.Expert opinion: Currently, there are no specific therapies to prevent progression to fibrosis or to treat it after it becomes clinically apparent. In addition to the international effort by the Stenosis Therapy and Anti-Fibrotic Research (STAR) consortium to standardize definitions and propose endpoints in the management of stricturing CD, further research to improve our understanding of mechanisms of intestinal fibrosis will help pave the way for the development of future anti-fibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Sleiman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sara El Ouali
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA,Digestive Diseases Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Taha Qazi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Benjamin Cohen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott R. Steele
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark E. Baker
- Section Abdominal Imaging, Imaging Institute, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA,Corresponding author: Florian Rieder, Address: Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue – NC22, Cleveland, OH, 44195,
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9
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Role of Interleukin-17 in Pathogenesis of Intestinal Fibrosis in Mice. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:1971-1979. [PMID: 31808003 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05969-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The level of interleukin (IL)-17 is commonly increased in serum and intestinal mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease, especially Crohn's disease with intestinal stricture. However, the role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis and the effect of anti-IL-17 treatment on intestinal fibrosis remain unclear; these issues are studied in vivo in this study. METHOD A total of 24 wild female Balb/c mice (18-22 g) were randomly divided into three groups: (1) control group, (2) 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) + immunoglobulin G (IgG) group, and (3) TNBS + anti-IL-17 group. The levels of IL-17, IL-1β, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in blood and of collagen 3 and IL-17 in gut were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of collagen 3, IL-17, TNF-α, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in gut were measured by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The protein expression of IL-17, collagen 3, TNF-α, TIMP-1, and MMP-2 were measured by immunoblot analysis. Collagen deposition was evaluated by standard hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. RESULTS The profibrogenic cytokines IL-17, IL-1β, TGF-β1, and TNF-α in serum, mRNA levels of collagen 3, IL-17, TNF-α, TIMP-1, and MMP-2, and protein levels of IL-17, collagen 3, TNF-α, TIMP-1, and MMP-2 in gut were upregulated in TNBS-induced intestinal fibrosis mice. Treatment with anti-IL-17 antibody significantly alleviated intestinal fibrosis and reduced both mRNA and protein levels of collagen 3, TNF-α, TIMP-1, and MMP-2. The levels of profibrogenic cytokines IL-1β, TGF-β1, and TNF-α were also decreased in mice treated with anti-IL-17 antibody. CONCLUSIONS IL-17 contributes to the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis, and anti-IL-17 therapy may weaken this effect by downregulating expression of profibrogenic cytokines and disturbing the MMP/TIMPs balance.
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10
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A Comprehensive Review and Update on the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:7247238. [PMID: 31886308 PMCID: PMC6914932 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7247238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and life-threating inflammatory disease of gastroenteric tissue characterized by episodes of intestinal inflammation. The pathogenesis of IBD is complex. Recent studies have greatly improved our knowledge of the pathophysiology of IBD, leading to great advances in the treatment as well as diagnosis of IBD. In this review, we have systemically reviewed the pathogenesis of IBD and highlighted recent advances in host genetic factors, gut microbiota, and environmental factors and, especially, in abnormal innate and adaptive immune responses and their interactions, which may hold the keys to identify novel predictive or prognostic biomarkers and develop new therapies.
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11
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Murate K, Nakamura M, Fujishiro M. A Case Where Administration of Ustekinumab Maintained the Intestinal Patency After Balloon Dilation for Small Intestinal Stenosis Caused by Crohn's Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:e140. [PMID: 31374114 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Murate
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masanao Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Guan Q, Warrington R, Moreno S, Qing G, Weiss C, Peng Z. Sustained suppression of IL-18 by employing a vaccine ameliorates intestinal inflammation in TNBS-induced murine colitis. Future Sci OA 2019; 5:FSO405. [PMID: 31428451 PMCID: PMC6695525 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2018-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To develop IL-18 peptide-based virus-like particle vaccines that elicit autoantibodies against IL-18 and to evaluate the in vivo effects of the vaccines in murine colitis. Methods Recombinant IL-18 vaccines were constructed, and the effects of the vaccines were evaluated in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced acute and chronic colitis in mice. Results Two murine IL-18 peptide-based vaccines (A and D) were developed, which induced relative long-lasting specific antibodies against IL-18. Vaccine-immunized mouse antisera could partially block IL-18-induced IFN-γ production in vitro. Mice receiving vaccine D, not vaccine A, had a significant decrease in intestinal inflammation, collagen deposition and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in colon tissue. Conclusion IL-18 vaccine may provide a potential therapeutic approach in the treatment of Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdong Guan
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E 3P4, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E 3P4, Canada.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E 3P4, Canada.,Cellular Therapy Laboratory, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Richard Warrington
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E 3P4, Canada.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Sem Moreno
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E 3P4, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Gefei Qing
- Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Carolyn Weiss
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E 3P4, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Zhikang Peng
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E 3P4, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E 3P4, Canada
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Ramani K, Biswas PS. Interleukin-17: Friend or foe in organ fibrosis. Cytokine 2019; 120:282-288. [PMID: 30772195 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis affects all vital organs accounting for a staggering 45% of deaths worldwide and no effective therapies are currently available. Unresolved inflammation triggers downstream signaling events that lead to organ fibrosis. In recent years, proinflammatory cytokine Interleukin-17 (IL-17) has been implicated in several chronic inflammatory diseases that often culminate in organ damage followed by impaired wound healing and fibrosis. In this review, we outline the contribution of the IL-17 in mediating fibrotic diseases in various organs. A comprehensive understanding of the inflammatory events, and particularly the details of IL-17 signaling in vivo, could be beneficial in designing new therapeutic or preventive approaches to treat fibrosis. Additionally, understanding organ-specific differences in IL-17 activity could lead to targeted therapies and help spare other organs from unwanted side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Ramani
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Partha S Biswas
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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14
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Zhang HJ, Zhang YN, Zhou H, Guan L, Li Y, Sun MJ. IL-17A Promotes Initiation and Development of Intestinal Fibrosis Through EMT. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:2898-2909. [PMID: 30097894 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5234-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis is a common complication of Crohn's disease (CD). Its exact mechanism is still unclear, and effective treatments to control or reverse the fibrosis process are unavailable. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may promote intestinal fibrosis by increasing deposition of extracellular matrix protein. IL-17A is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, and it has been shown as a profibrotic factor as its association with fibrosis of multiple organs was reported. AIMS To assess the roles of IL-17A and EMT in the initiation and development of intestinal fibrosis and to verify the potential inductive effect of IL-17A on EMT. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the expression of IL-17A and EMT-related genes in colonic mucosal biopsy tissues of CD patients and control individuals. Then, we examined the changes of EMT-related genes and fibrosis-related genes of IEC-6 cells which cultured for 72 h under increasing concentrations of IL-17A or with TGF-β1, to verify the potential inductive effect of IL-17A on EMT in vitro. We blocked the IL-17A of the mouse model of TNBS-induced experimental intestinal colitis and fibrosis to further verify the potential inductive effect of IL-17A on EMT in vivo. RESULTS We found the occurrence of EMT and high-level expression of IL-17A in intestinal mucosa of CD patients. Using IEC-6 cells, we showed that IL-17A may induce EMT in intestinal epithelial cells that come with reduced E-cadherin expression and increased expression of vimentin, snail, and α-SMA. We further found that anti-IL-17A treatment alleviated intestinal fibrosis through reducing EMT in mouse intestine. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed the involvement of IL-17A in the development of intestinal fibrosis through inducing EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jing Zhang
- Department of Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi-Ning Zhang
- Department of Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Department of Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lin Guan
- Department of Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ming-Jun Sun
- Department of Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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15
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Guan Q, Weiss CR, Wang S, Qing G, Yang X, Warrington RJ, Bernstein CN, Peng Z. Reversing Ongoing Chronic Intestinal Inflammation and Fibrosis by Sustained Block of IL-12 and IL-23 Using a Vaccine in Mice. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:1941-1952. [PMID: 29788053 PMCID: PMC6205364 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23 that share subunit p40 are important cytokines in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. We reported that mouse p40 peptide-based vaccines ameliorated intestinal inflammation in the prevention of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)–induced murine colitis model. Here, we evaluated whether administration of the vaccine after establishment of colitis would be effective in modifying both TNBS-induced and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–induced chronic colitis and the underlying immune mechanisms. We further examined whether vaccination could exacerbate infections. Chronic colitis was developed by either intrarectally administrating TNBS or drinking 4% DSS water. Vaccination started after two TNBS administrations or 7 days of DSS treatment. Results showed that administrating p40 vaccine induced high tittered antibodies to IL-12 and IL-23, improved clinical scores, reduced intestinal inflammation and fibrosis, and down-regulated proinflammatory cytokine productions in colon tissue, compared with control mice. Furthermore, in lamina propria mononuclear cells and/or mesenteric lymph nodes, mice immunized with p40 peptide vaccine exhibited high ratios of Treg/Th1 and Treg/Th17 cells and increased IL-10 expression in CD11c+IL-10+cells. In mice infected with lung chlamydia, in which the protective role of Th1/Th17 is well documented, vaccine immunization did not increase lung bacterial burden. We conclude that p40 vaccine may provide a potential and safe approach for treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdong Guan
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,Cellular Therapy Laboratory, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou Shi, Gansu Sheng, China,Address correspondence to: Dr. Qingdong Guan, Cellular Therapy Laboratory, CancerCare Manitoba, MS773M, 820 Sherbrook St., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3A 1R9. E-mail:
| | - Carolyn R Weiss
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shuhe Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Gefei Qing
- Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Richard J Warrington
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Zhikang Peng
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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16
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Lawrance IC, Rogler G, Bamias G, Breynaert C, Florholmen J, Pellino G, Reif S, Speca S, Latella G. Cellular and Molecular Mediators of Intestinal Fibrosis. J Crohns Colitis 2017. [PMID: 25306501 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2014.09.00] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is a major complication of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and although inflammation is necessary for its development, it would appear that it plays a minor role in its progression as anti-inflammatory treatments in IBD do not prevent fibrosis once it has started. The processes that regulate fibrosis would thus appear to be distinct from those regulating inflammation and, therefore, a detailed understanding of these pathways is vital to the development of anti-fibrogenic strategies. There have been several recent reviews exploring what is known, and what remains unknown, about the development of intestinal fibrosis. This review is designed to add to this literature but with a focus on the cellular components that are involved in the development of fibrogenesis and the major molecular mediators that impact on these cells. The aim is to heighten the understanding of the factors involved in intestinal fibrogenesis so that detailed research can be encouraged in order to advance the processes that could lead to effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Lawrance
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, WA, Australia.,University Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Fremantle Hospital, Freemantle, WA, Australia
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giorgos Bamias
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Ethnikon and Kapodistriakon University of Athens, Laikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christine Breynaert
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jon Florholmen
- Research Group of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Artic University of Norway and University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gianluca Pellino
- General Surgery Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Shimon Reif
- Department of Pediatrics, Tel-Aviv Souraski Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Silvia Speca
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research-INSERM, Unit U995, Lille, France
| | - Giovanni Latella
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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17
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Lawrance IC, Rogler G, Bamias G, Breynaert C, Florholmen J, Pellino G, Reif S, Speca S, Latella G. Cellular and Molecular Mediators of Intestinal Fibrosis. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11:1491-1503. [PMID: 25306501 PMCID: PMC5885809 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is a major complication of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and although inflammation is necessary for its development, it would appear that it plays a minor role in its progression as anti-inflammatory treatments in IBD do not prevent fibrosis once it has started. The processes that regulate fibrosis would thus appear to be distinct from those regulating inflammation and, therefore, a detailed understanding of these pathways is vital to the development of anti-fibrogenic strategies. There have been several recent reviews exploring what is known, and what remains unknown, about the development of intestinal fibrosis. This review is designed to add to this literature but with a focus on the cellular components that are involved in the development of fibrogenesis and the major molecular mediators that impact on these cells. The aim is to heighten the understanding of the factors involved in intestinal fibrogenesis so that detailed research can be encouraged in order to advance the processes that could lead to effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Lawrance
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, WA, Australia
- University Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Fremantle Hospital, Freemantle, WA, Australia
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giorgos Bamias
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Ethnikon and Kapodistriakon University of Athens, Laikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christine Breynaert
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jon Florholmen
- Research Group of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Artic University of Norway and University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gianluca Pellino
- General Surgery Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Shimon Reif
- Department of Pediatrics, Tel-Aviv Souraski Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Silvia Speca
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research-INSERM, Unit U995, Lille, France
| | - Giovanni Latella
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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18
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Li Y, Chu X, Liu C, Huang W, Yao Y, Xia Y, Sun P, Long Q, Feng X, Li K, Yang X, Bai H, Sun W, Ma Y. Exogenous murine antimicrobial peptide CRAMP significantly exacerbates Ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation but ameliorates oxazolone-induced intestinal colitis in BALB/c mice. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 14:146-158. [PMID: 29049008 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1386823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathelicidin has been reported to be multifunctional. The current study aimed to investigate the influences of exogenous cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) on inflammatory responses in different disease models. In OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation, CRAMP significantly enhanced the infiltration of inflammatory cells and accumulation of proinflammatory Th2 cytokine IL-13 and IL-33 in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF), exacerbated lung tissue inflammation and airway goblet cell hyperplasia, and elevated OVA-specific IgE level in serum. In oxazolone-induced intestinal colitis, the expression levels of CRAMP and its receptor FPR2 significantly increased in comparison with those of TNBS-induced mice, vesicle and normal controls. Exogenous CRAMP significantly prevented the development of ulcerative colitis, evidenced by improved body weight regain, decreased colons weight/length ratio, elevated epithelial integrity, and ameliorated colon tissue inflammation. In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-13, as well as chemokines CXCL2 and CXCL5 for neutrophils recruitment were significantly decreased in CRAMP-treated mice, and epithelial repair-related factors MUC2 and Claudin1 were increased, determined by real time-PCR and ELISAs. The results indicated that although CRAMP has pro-inflammatory effects in airway, local application of exogenous CRAMP might be a potential approach for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , China.,b Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China.,c Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China
| | - Xiaojie Chu
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , China.,b Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China.,c Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China
| | - Cunbao Liu
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , China.,b Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China.,c Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China
| | - Weiwei Huang
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , China.,b Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China.,c Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China
| | - Yufeng Yao
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , China.,b Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China.,c Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China
| | - Ye Xia
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , China.,b Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China.,c Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China
| | - Pengyan Sun
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , China.,b Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China.,c Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China
| | - Qiong Long
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , China.,b Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China.,c Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China
| | - Xuejun Feng
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , China.,b Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China.,c Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China
| | - Kui Li
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , China.,b Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China.,c Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China
| | - Xu Yang
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , China.,b Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China.,c Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China
| | - Hongmei Bai
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , China.,b Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China.,c Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China
| | - Wenjia Sun
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , China.,b Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China.,c Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China
| | - Yanbing Ma
- a Laboratory of Molecular Immunology , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , China.,b Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China.,c Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases , Kunming , China
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Recent Advances: The Imbalance of Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:4810258. [PMID: 28420941 PMCID: PMC5379128 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4810258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines play an important role in the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, where they drive and regulate multiple aspects of intestinal inflammation. The imbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines that occurs in IBD results in disease progression and tissue damage and limits the resolution of inflammation. Targeting cytokines have been novel strategies in the treatment of IBD. Recent studies show the beneficial effects of anticytokine treatments to IBD patients, and multiple novel cytokines are found to be involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. In this review, we will discuss the recent advances of novel biologics in clinics and clinical trials, and novel proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines found in IBD with focusing on IL-12 family and IL-1 family members as well as their relevance to the potential therapy of IBD.
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20
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He C, Shi Y, Wu R, Sun M, Fang L, Wu W, Liu C, Tang M, Li Z, Wang P, Cong Y, Liu Z. miR-301a promotes intestinal mucosal inflammation through induction of IL-17A and TNF-α in IBD. Gut 2016; 65:1938-1950. [PMID: 26338824 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNA (miR)-301a is known to be involved in the tumourigenesis and pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases, but it remains unclear whether miR-301a is associated with the pathogenesis of IBD. METHODS miR-301a expression was assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and inflamed mucosa of patients with IBD by quantitative real-time-PCR. Peripheral blood CD4+ T cells were transduced with lentivirus-encoding pre-miR-301a (LV-miR-301a) or a reverse complementary sequence of miR-301a (LV-anti-miR-301a), and their differentiation and activation were investigated in vitro. Antisense miR-301a was administered into mice during trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis to determine its role in colitis. RESULTS miR-301a expression was significantly upregulated in PBMC and inflamed mucosa of patients with IBD compared with healthy controls. Stimulation with tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) significantly enhanced miR-301a expression in IBD CD4+ T cells, which was markedly reversed by anti-TNF-α mAb (Infliximab) treatment. Transduction of LV-miR-301a into CD4+ T cells from patients with IBD promoted the Th17 cell differentiation and TNF-α production compared with the cells with expression of LV-anti-miR-301a. SNIP1 as a functional target of miR-301a was reduced in miR-301a expression but increased in LV-anti-miR-301a expression. Knockdown of SNIP1 could enhance Th17 cell differentiation. Furthermore, intracolonical administration of antisense miR-301a in TNBS-induced mouse colitis model significantly decreased numbers of interleukin (IL)-17A+ cells and amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines (eg, IL-17A, TNF-α) in inflamed colon. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal a novel mechanism in which the elevated miR-301a in PBMC and inflamed mucosa of IBD promotes Th17 cell differentiation through downregulation of SNIP1. Blockade of miR-301a in vivo may serve as a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruijin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingming Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leilei Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Changqin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maochun Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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21
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A virus-like particle-based connective tissue growth factor vaccine suppresses carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32155. [PMID: 27562139 PMCID: PMC4999884 DOI: 10.1038/srep32155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) has been recognized as a central mediator and promising therapeutic target in hepatic fibrosis. In this study, we generated a novel virus-like particle (VLP) CTGF vaccine by inserting the 138–159 amino acid (aa) fragment of CTGF into the central c/e1 epitope of C-terminus truncated hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBc, aa 1–149) using a prokaryotic expression system. Immunization of BALB/c mice with the VLP vaccine efficiently elicited the production of anti-CTGF neutralizing antibodies. Vaccination with this CTGF vaccine significantly protected BALB/c mice from carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic fibrosis, as indicated by decreased hepatic hydroxyproline content and lower fibrotic score. CCl4 intoxication-induced hepatic stellate cell activation was inhibited by the vaccination, as indicated by decreased α-smooth muscle actin expression and Smad2 phosphorylation. Vaccination against CTGF also attenuated the over-expression of some profibrogenic factors, such as CTGF, transforming growth factor-β1, platelet-derived growth factor-B and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in the fibrotic mouse livers, decreased hepatocyte apoptosis and accelerated hepatocyte proliferation in the fibrotic mouse livers. Our results clearly indicate that vaccination against CTGF inhibits fibrogenesis, alleviates hepatocyte apoptosis and facilitate hepatic regeneration. We suggest that the vaccine should be developed into an effective therapeutic measure for hepatic fibrosis.
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Wang C, Guo W, Cai D, Wang X, Yu D, Gao X, Yao W. A truncated IL-12rβ1 receptor ameliorates chronic graft-versus-host disease-induced lupus nephritis by inhibiting Th1 and Th17 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:544-551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhang Y, Yan HL, Zhou HY, Song LH. Animal models of ulcerative colitis developed with chemicals. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:4384-4392. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i27.4384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) has been rising obviously with the changes in people's diet (e.g., high fat diet), and it has become a common digestive system disease as well as a main cause of chronic diarrhea. Patients usually suffer from great pain because of the delayed recovery and repeated attacks of UC, and some of the patients may develop into colon cancer. At present, the pathogenesis of UC is not fully clear, anti-inflammatory drugs are mostly used clinically for the treatment of UC, but their efficacy is not satisfying. Therefore, it is of great significance to further investigate the etiology, mechanisms and new treatment strategies for UC using effective animal models of UC. There are many methods to establish animal models of UC. The present review mainly focuses on the mechanisms, characteristics and applications of UC animal models established using chemical substances.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The association between spondyloarthritis (SpA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is well known. Additionally, about half of SpA patients show microscopic gut inflammation. Substantial progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of SpA and IBD, with new therapeutic targets for either of them in clinical development. RECENT FINDINGS Microscopic gut inflammation was found in early forms of SpA in about 50% of cases and is associated with age, sex, disease activity and degree of MRI inflammation on sacroiliac joints. Although prospective follow-up data in men and murine animal studies show a parallelism between gut and joint evolution in SpA, therapeutic outcomes are not always the same in SpA and IBD. These differences can be ascribed to differences in not only the cytokine pathways and cells involved in disease, tissue localization and environmental factors but also in pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. SUMMARY A significant amount of data all point in the direction of arthritis and gut inflammation being pathogenetically closely linked in the SpA concept. However, when it comes to therapeutic effectiveness, the gut and the joints do not always react in the same way. These differences in therapeutic effect could be attributed to the different ways in which cytokine pathways are involved in SpA and IBD.
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Weiss CR, Guan Q, Ma Y, Qing G, Bernstein CN, Warrington RJ, Peng Z. The potential protective role of caveolin-1 in intestinal inflammation in TNBS-induced murine colitis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119004. [PMID: 25756273 PMCID: PMC4355071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a multifunctional scaffolding protein serving as a platform for the cell’s signal-transduction and playing an important role in inflammation. However, its role in inflammatory bowel disease is not clear. A recent study showed that Cav-1 is increased and mediates angiogenesis in dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis, which are contradictory to our pilot findings in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. In the present study, we further clarified the role of Cav-1 in TNBS-induced colitis. Methods In BALB/c mice, acute colitis was induced by intra-rectal administration of one dose TNBS, while chronic colitis was induced by administration of TNBS once a week for 7 weeks. To assess the effects of complete loss of Cav-1, Cav-1 knockout (Cav-1−/−) and control wild-type C57 mice received one TNBS administration. Body weight and clinical scores were monitored. Colon Cav-1 and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were quantified through ELISAs. Inflammation was evaluated through histological analysis. Results Colon Cav-1 levels were significantly decreased in TNBS-induced colitis mice when compared to normal mice and also inversely correlated with colon inflammation scores and proinflammatory cytokine levels (IL-17, IFN-γ and TNF) significantly. Furthermore, after administration of TNBS, Cav-1−/− mice showed significantly increased clinical and colon inflammatory scores and body weight loss when compared with control mice. Conclusions and Significance Cav-1 may play a protective role in the development of TNBS-induced colitis. Our findings raise an important issue in the evaluation of specific molecules in animal models that different models may exhibit opposite results because of the different mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn R. Weiss
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Qingdong Guan
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Yanbing Ma
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Gefei Qing
- Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Charles N. Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Richard J. Warrington
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Zhikang Peng
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Yao JY, Lu Y, Zhi M, Li CJ, Hu PJ, Gao X. Inhibition of the interleukin-23/interleukin-17 pathway by anti-interleukin-23p19 monoclonal antibody attenuates 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced Crohn's disease in rats. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2105-10. [PMID: 25070376 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17 pathway is considered to be important in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of targeting the IL‑23/IL‑17 pathway using the anti-IL-23p19 monoclonal antibody (mAb) on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced CD rats. A total of 60 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group, model group and an anti-IL-23p19 mAb treatment group (administered intramuscularly every week at a dose of 1 ml/mg). Disease activity index (DAI), colon macroscopic damage index (CMDI) and tissue damage index (TDI) were then evaluated. The mRNA expression of IL-23p19, p40 (IL-23/12), retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-γt (ROR‑γt) and IL‑17 in colonic tissues were detected by reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction and levels of serum IL-23p19, p40, ROR-γt and IL-17 were measured using an enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay. Anti‑IL‑23p19 mAb was found to effectively attenuate colonic inflammation demonstrated by reduced DAI, CMDI and TDI scores, improvement in pathological evaluation and downregulation of expression levels of IL‑23p19, p40 (IL-23/12), ROR-γt and the downstream proinflammatory cytokine, IL-17. Anti-IL-23p19 mAb attenuated TNBS-induced CD in model rats. The possible underlying mechanisms may be associated with inhibition of the IL-23/IL-17 pathway by inhibiting the expression of IL‑23p19 and downregulating the downstream proinflammatory cytokine IL‑17. Targeting the IL-23/IL-17 pathway may be a relevant and realistic therapeutic approach for the development of additive and alternative treatments to the biologics currently available in the treatment of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yin Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510130, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Chu Jun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Pin Jin Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
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Guan Q, Burtnick HA, Qing G, Weiss CR, Ma AG, Ma Y, Warrington RJ, Peng Z. Employing an IL-23 p19 vaccine to block IL-23 ameliorates chronic murine colitis. Immunotherapy 2014; 5:1313-22. [PMID: 24283842 DOI: 10.2217/imt.13.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overexpression of IL-23 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. Using vaccines to block overexpressed endogenous cytokines has emerged as a new therapeutic strategy for the long-term treatment of the disease. AIM We sought to develop peptide-based vaccines specific to IL-23 and evaluate their effects in colitis mice. MATERIALS & METHODS The vaccine was developed by inserting a peptide derived from mouse IL-23 p19 into the carrier protein, hepatitis B core antigen, using molecular engineering methods. One vaccine against IL-23 p19 was obtained that induced high-titered and long-lasting antibodies to IL-23 without the use of adjuvants. The inhibitory effect of vaccine-immunized serum was subsequently evaluated in vitro. To evaluate the in vivo effects, mice were subcutaneously injected with the vaccine, carrier or saline three times. Two weeks after the last injection, chronic colitis was induced in mice by seven weekly administrations with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. RESULTS In vitro studies revealed that serum IL-23 p19-specific IgG significantly suppressed IL-23-induced IL-17 production by splenocytes. In vivo evaluation of the effect of the vaccine in mice with chronic colitis indicated that vaccine-immunized mice exhibited a decrease in colon inflammation, collagen deposition and levels of IL-23 and IL-12 cytokines, compared with control groups. CONCLUSION IL-23 p19 vaccine is capable of downregulating inflammatory responses in chronic murine colitis, providing a novel therapeutic approach in Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdong Guan
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3P4, Canada
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Qu X, Cinar MU, Fan H, Pröll M, Tesfaye D, Tholen E, Looft C, Hölker M, Schellander K, Uddin MJ. Comparison of the innate immune responses of porcine monocyte-derived dendritic cells and splenic dendritic cells stimulated with LPS. Innate Immun 2014; 21:242-54. [PMID: 24648487 DOI: 10.1177/1753425914526266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) subsets form a remarkable cellular network that regulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Although pigs are the most approximate model to humans, little is known about the regulation of monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) and splenic DCs (SDCs) in the initiation of immune responses under inflammatory conditions. We investigated the activation and maturation of porcine moDC and SDC subpopulations following LPS stimulation. Porcine monocytes that would differentiate into moDCs were isolated. SDCs were isolated directly from the porcine spleen. Following LPS stimulation, phagocytosis activity, TLR4/MyD88-dependent gene expression, co-stimulatory molecule, and pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β) and chemokine (IL-8) expressions were increased in both cell subsets. Furthermore, moDCs showed higher levels of gene and protein expression compared with SDCs. Interestingly, moDCs were found to be more responsive via the TLR4/TRAF-dependent signalling pathway of activation. Only SDCs expressed higher level of IL-12p40 gene and protein, whereas, IFN-γ gene and protein expression were likely to be unchanged after LPS stimulation in both cell subtypes. These data demonstrate that porcine moDCs display a greater ability to initiate innate immune responses, and could be used as a model to investigate immune responses against Ags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Qu
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mehmet U Cinar
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Huitao Fan
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Department of Basic Medical Science and Centre for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Maren Pröll
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ernst Tholen
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Looft
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hölker
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Vera-Lastra O, Medina G, Cruz-Dominguez MDP, Jara LJ, Shoenfeld Y. Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (Shoenfeld's syndrome): clinical and immunological spectrum. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2013; 9:361-73. [PMID: 23557271 DOI: 10.1586/eci.13.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An adjuvant is a substance that enhances the antigen-specific immune response, induces the release of inflammatory cytokines, and interacts with Toll-like receptors and the NALP3 inflammasome. The immunological consequence of these actions is to stimulate the innate and adaptive immune response. The activation of the immune system by adjuvants, a desirable effect, could trigger manifestations of autoimmunity or autoimmune disease. Recently, a new syndrome was introduced, autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA), that includes postvaccination phenomena, macrophagic myofasciitis, Gulf War syndrome and siliconosis. This syndrome is characterized by nonspecific and specific manifestations of autoimmune disease. The main substances associated with ASIA are squalene (Gulf War syndrome), aluminum hydroxide (postvaccination phenomena, macrophagic myofasciitis) and silicone with siliconosis. Mineral oil, guaiacol and iodine gadital are also associated with ASIA. The following review describes the wide clinical spectrum and pathogenesis of ASIA including defined autoimmune diseases and nonspecific autoimmune manifestations, as well as the outlook of future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Vera-Lastra
- Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
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Guan Q, Moreno S, Qing G, Weiss CR, Lu L, Bernstein CN, Warrington RJ, Ma Y, Peng Z. The role and potential therapeutic application of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in TNBS-induced colitis. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 94:803-11. [PMID: 23901119 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0113050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MDSCs, a heterogeneous population of cells that expand during many pathogenic conditions, have remarkable abilities to suppress T cell responses. Their role in murine colitis, induced by TNBS and therapeutic application, remains unclear. Murine colitis was induced through intrarectally administrating TNBS, twice. MDSCs in spleen and colonic LPMCs were identified using flow cytometric analysis. In adoptive transfer, MDSCs were isolated from spleen after TNBS challenges by using microbeads or generated in vitro by coculturing bone marrow cells with HSCs and then transferred into naïve mice. Two hours later, mice were then challenged with TNBS, once/week for 2 weeks. The mice were killed four days after the second TNBS delivery, and intestinal inflammation and cytokine levels and MDSC percentages were evaluated. The percentages of CD11b+Gr-1+MDSCs and subsets (CD11b+Ly6C+ and CD11b+Ly6G+MDSCs) were increased in spleen and/or colonic LPMCs in colitis mice and also correlated with the severity of intestinal inflammation. MDSCs isolated from colitis mice suppressed the proliferation of splenocytes in vitro. Adoptive transfer of MDSCs, isolated from colitis mice or generated in vitro, decreased intestinal inflammation, levels of IFN-γ, IL-17, and TNF, and percentages of spleen MDSCs when compared with controls. MDSCs that have inhibitory function in vitro and in vivo are increased and correlated with intestinal inflammation, suggesting that they may be used as a biomarker of disease activity and a cell-based biotherapy in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdong Guan
- 1.University of Manitoba, 532-715 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3P4.
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Biancheri P, Pender SL, Ammoscato F, Giuffrida P, Sampietro G, Ardizzone S, Ghanbari A, Curciarello R, Pasini A, Monteleone G, Corazza GR, Macdonald TT, Di Sabatino A. The role of interleukin 17 in Crohn's disease-associated intestinal fibrosis. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2013; 6:13. [PMID: 23834907 PMCID: PMC3733737 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-6-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-17E (also known as IL-25) have been implicated in fibrosis in various tissues. However, the role of these cytokines in the development of intestinal strictures in Crohn’s disease (CD) has not been explored. We investigated the levels of IL-17A and IL-17E and their receptors in CD strictured and non-strictured gut, and the effects of IL-17A and IL-17E on CD myofibroblasts. Results IL-17A was significantly overexpressed in strictured compared with non-strictured CD tissues, whereas no significant difference was found in the expression of IL-17E or IL-17A and IL-17E receptors (IL-17RC and IL-17RB, respectively) in strictured and non-strictured CD areas. Strictured CD explants released significantly higher amounts of IL-17A than non-strictured explants, whereas no difference was found as for IL-17E, IL-6, or tumor necrosis factor-α production. IL-17A, but not IL-17E, significantly inhibited myofibroblast migration, and also significantly upregulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, MMP-12, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and collagen production by myofibroblasts from strictured CD tissues. Conclusions Our results suggest that IL-17A, but not IL-17E, is pro-fibrotic in CD. Further studies are needed to clarify whether the therapeutic blockade of IL-17A through the anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody secukinumab is able to counteract the fibrogenic process in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Biancheri
- Centre for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
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Guan Q, Weiss CR, Qing G, Ma Y, Peng Z. An IL-17 peptide-based and virus-like particle vaccine enhances the bioactivity of IL-17 in vitro and in vivo. Immunotherapy 2013; 4:1799-807. [PMID: 23240747 DOI: 10.2217/imt.12.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To develop an IL-17 peptide-based virus-like particle vaccine that elicits autoantibodies to IL-17 and to evaluate the effects of the vaccine in mice with experimental colitis. MATERIALS & METHODS Recombinant IL-17 vaccines were constructed by inserting selected peptides derived from mouse IL-17 into the carrier protein, hepatitis B core antigen, using molecular engineering methods. To evaluate the in vivo effects of the vaccine, mice with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced chronic colitis were injected three times with the vaccine, carrier or saline after the second delivery of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Colon inflammation and fibrosis were evaluated by histological examination. Serum IL-17-specific IgG and colon-tissue cytokine levels were measured by ELISA. In vitro inhibition tests of sera from vaccine-immunized mice were performed using IL-17-induced IL-6 production by NIH 3T3 cells and IL-17-induced TNF production by macrophages. RESULTS Immunization with the vaccine without the use of adjuvants induced high-titered and long-lasting antibodies to IL-17. Unexpectedly, vaccinated mice exhibited increases in colon inflammation, collagen deposition, levels of TNF and IL-17 cytokines compared with carrier and saline groups. Furthermore, in vitro study revealed that serum IL-17-specific IgG from vaccine-immunized mice significantly enhanced IL-17-induced IL-6 production and IL-17-induced TNF production dose-dependently. CONCLUSION The IL-17 peptide-based vaccine enhances the bioactivity of IL-17 in vitro and in vivo, providing a potential immunotherapy for treatment of diseases associated with insufficient IL-17 production, such as hyper-IgE syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdong Guan
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Ma Y, Halayko AJ, Basu S, Guan Q, Weiss CR, Ma AG, HayGlass KT, Becker AB, Warrington RJ, Peng Z. Sustained Suppression of IL-13 by a Vaccine Attenuates Airway Inflammation and Remodeling in Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 48:540-549. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0060oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Ma
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Andrew J. Halayko
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health
- Department of Physiology
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
| | - Sujata Basu
- Department of Physiology
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
| | - Qingdong Guan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health
- Department of Immunology, and
| | - Carolyn R. Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health
- Department of Immunology, and
| | | | - Kent T. HayGlass
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health
- Department of Immunology, and
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
| | - Allan B. Becker
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health
- Department of Immunology, and
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
| | - Richard J. Warrington
- Department of Immunology, and
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Zhikang Peng
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health
- Department of Immunology, and
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
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Guan Q, Ma Y, Aboud L, Weiss CR, Qing G, Warrington RJ, Peng Z. Targeting IL-23 by employing a p40 peptide-based vaccine ameliorates murine allergic skin and airway inflammation. Clin Exp Allergy 2013; 42:1397-405. [PMID: 22925326 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04022.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have found that the IL-23/Th17 pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) and severe and steroid-resistant asthma. Targeting IL-23/Th17 pathway with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) has been successful in the reduction of skin and airway inflammation in animal models. However, the mAb has a short half-life, requiring repeated administrations. For the long-term suppression of IL-23/Th17 pathway, we have previously developed an IL-23p40 peptide-based virus-like particle vaccine, which induces long-lasting autoantibodies to IL-23. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the effects of this IL-23p40 peptide-based vaccine on the down-regulation of allergic skin and airway inflammation in mice. METHODS Mice were subcutaneously injected three times with the IL-23p40 vaccine, or the vaccine carrier protein or saline as controls. Two weeks later, mice were epicutaneously sensitized with ovalbumin four times at a 2-week interval. One week after the final sensitization, mice were nasally administrated with ovalbumin daily for 3 days. One day later, bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF), sera, lung and skin tissues were obtained and analysed. RESULTS Mice immunized with the vaccine produced high levels of IgG antibodies to IL-23, p40 and IL-12 that in vitro inhibited IL-23-dependent IL-17 production. The numbers of total cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils in BALF were significantly reduced in the vaccine group, compared with controls. The levels of IL-13, IL-5, IL-23 and, IL-17 in BALF and levels of serum ovalbumin-specific IgE, IgG1, and total IgE were also significantly decreased. Histological analysis showed less inflammation of the lung and skin tissues in the vaccine group, compared with controls. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Administration of an IL-23p40 peptide-based vaccine down-regulates allergic skin and airway inflammation, suggesting that this strategy may be a potential therapeutic approach in the treatment of AD and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Guan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Identification of IL18RAP/IL18R1 and IL12B as leprosy risk genes demonstrates shared pathogenesis between inflammation and infectious diseases. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 91:935-41. [PMID: 23103228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Revised: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Of eight leprosy susceptibility loci identified by genome-wide association studies, five have been implicated in Crohn disease, suggesting a common genetic fingerprint between leprosy and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we conducted a multiple-stage genetic association study of 133 IBD susceptibility loci in multiple leprosy samples (totaling 4,971 leprosy cases and 5,503 controls) from a Chinese population and discovered two associations at rs2058660 on 2q12.1 (p = 4.57 × 10(-19); odds ratio [OR] = 1.30) and rs6871626 on 5q33.3 (p = 3.95 × 10(-18); OR = 0.75), implicating IL18RAP/IL18R1 and IL12B as susceptibility genes for leprosy. Our study reveals the important role of IL12/IL18-mediated transcriptional regulation of IFN-γ production in leprosy, and together with previous findings, it demonstrates the shared genetic susceptibility between infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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36
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Whelan RAK, Hartmann S, Rausch S. Nematode modulation of inflammatory bowel disease. PROTOPLASMA 2012; 249:871-886. [PMID: 22086188 PMCID: PMC3459088 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-011-0342-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease arising due to a culmination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle-associated factors and resulting in an excessive pro-inflammatory response to bacterial populations in the gastrointestinal tract. The prevalence of IBD in developing nations is relatively low, and it has been proposed that this is directly correlated with a high incidence of helminth infections in these areas. Gastrointestinal nematodes are the most prevalent parasitic worms, and they efficiently modulate the immune system of their hosts in order to establish chronic infections. Thus, they may be capable of suppressing unrelated inflammation in disorders such as IBD. This review describes how nematodes, or their products, suppress innate and adaptive pro-inflammatory immune responses and how the mechanisms involved in the induction of anti-nematode responses regulate colitis in experimental models and clinical trials with IBD patients. We also discuss how refinement of nematode-derived therapies should ultimately result in the development of potent new therapeutics of clinical inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose A. K. Whelan
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Humboldt University of Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Hartmann
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Humboldt University of Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rausch
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Humboldt University of Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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Speca S, Giusti I, Rieder F, Latella G. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of intestinal fibrosis. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:3635-61. [PMID: 22851857 PMCID: PMC3406417 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i28.3635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a chronic and progressive process characterized by an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) leading to stiffening and/or scarring of the involved tissue. Intestinal fibrosis may develop in several different enteropathies, including inflammatory bowel disease. It develops through complex cell, extracellular matrix, cytokine and growth factor interactions. Distinct cell types are involved in intestinal fibrosis, such as resident mesenchymal cells (fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells) but also ECM-producing cells derived from epithelial and endothelial cells (through a process termed epithelial- and endothelial-mesenchymal transition), stellate cells, pericytes, local or bone marrow-derived stem cells. The most important soluble factors that regulate the activation of these cells include cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, components of the renin-angiotensin system, angiogenic factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, mammalian target of rapamycin, and products of oxidative stress. It soon becomes clear that although inflammation is responsible for triggering the onset of the fibrotic process, it only plays a minor role in the progression of this condition, as fibrosis may advance in a self-perpetuating fashion. Definition of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in intestinal fibrosis may provide the key to developing new therapeutic approaches.
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Schall N, Page N, Macri C, Chaloin O, Briand JP, Muller S. Peptide-based approaches to treat lupus and other autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2012; 39:143-53. [PMID: 22727561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2012.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
After a long period where the potential of therapeutic peptides was let into oblivion and even dismissed, there is a revival of interest in peptides as potential drug candidates. Novel strategies for limiting metabolism and improve their bioavailability, and alternative routes of administration have emerged. This resulted in a large number of peptide-based drugs that are now being marketed in different indications. Regarding autoimmunity, successful data have been reported in numerous mouse models of autoimmune inflammation, yet relatively few clinical trials based on synthetic peptides are currently underway. This review reports on peptides that show much promises in appropriate mouse models of autoimmunity and describes in more detail clinical trials based on peptides for treating autoimmune patients. A particular emphasis is given to the 21-mer peptide P140/Lupuzor that has completed successfully phase I, phase IIa and phase IIb clinical trials for systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Schall
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
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Ratsimandresy RA, Duvallet E, Assier E, Semerano L, Delavallée L, Bessis N, Zagury JF, Boissier MC. Active immunization against IL-23p19 improves experimental arthritis. Vaccine 2011; 29:9329-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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