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Stevens LJ, van de Steeg E, Doppenberg JB, Alwayn IPJ, Knibbe CAJ, Dubbeld J. Ex vivo gut-hepato-biliary organ perfusion model to characterize oral absorption, gut-wall metabolism, pre-systemic hepatic metabolism and biliary excretion; application to midazolam. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 196:106760. [PMID: 38574899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
To date, characterization of the first-pass effect of orally administered drugs consisting of local intestinal absorption and metabolism, portal vein transport and hepatobiliary processes remains challenging. Aim of this study was to explore the applicability of a porcine ex-vivo perfusion model to study oral absorption, gut-hepatobiliary metabolism and biliary excretion of midazolam. Slaughterhouse procured porcine en bloc organs (n = 4), were perfused via the aorta and portal vein. After 120 min of perfusion, midazolam, atenolol, antipyrine and FD4 were dosed via the duodenum and samples were taken from the systemic- and portal vein perfusate, intestinal faecal effluent and bile to determine drug and metabolite concentrations. Stable arterial and portal vein flow was obtained and viability of the perfused organs was confirmed. After intraduodenal administration, midazolam was rapidly detected in the portal vein together with 1-OH midazolam (EG-pv of 0.16±0.1) resulting from gut wall metabolism through oxidation. In the intestinal faecal effluent, 1-OH midazolam and 1-OH midazolam glucuronide (EG-intestine 0.051±0.03) was observed resulting from local gut glucuronidation. Biliary elimination of midazolam (0.04±0.01 %) and its glucuronide (0.01±0.01 %) only minimally contributed to the enterohepatic circulation. More extensive hepatic metabolism (FH 0.35±0.07) over intestinal metabolism (FG 0.78±0.11) was shown, resulting in oral bioavailability of 0.27±0.05. Ex vivo perfusion demonstrated to be a novel approach to characterize pre-systemic extraction of midazolam by measuring intestinal as well as hepatic extraction. The model can generate valuable insights into the absorption and metabolism of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Stevens
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands; LUMC Transplant Center, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands; Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - E van de Steeg
- Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J B Doppenberg
- LUMC Transplant Center, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - I P J Alwayn
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands; LUMC Transplant Center, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - C A J Knibbe
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden & Department of Clinical Pharmacy, St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein & Utrecht, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - J Dubbeld
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands; LUMC Transplant Center, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
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2
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Sanchez-Quant E, Richter ML, Colomé-Tatché M, Martinez-Jimenez CP. Single-cell metabolic profiling reveals subgroups of primary human hepatocytes with heterogeneous responses to drug challenge. Genome Biol 2023; 24:234. [PMID: 37848949 PMCID: PMC10583437 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03075-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xenobiotics are primarily metabolized by hepatocytes in the liver, and primary human hepatocytes are the gold standard model for the assessment of drug efficacy, safety, and toxicity in the early phases of drug development. Recent advances in single-cell genomics demonstrate liver zonation and ploidy as main drivers of cellular heterogeneity. However, little is known about the impact of hepatocyte specialization on liver function upon metabolic challenge, including hepatic metabolism, detoxification, and protein synthesis. RESULTS Here, we investigate the metabolic capacity of individual human hepatocytes in vitro. We assess how chronic accumulation of lipids enhances cellular heterogeneity and impairs the metabolisms of drugs. Using a phenotyping five-probe cocktail, we identify four functional subgroups of hepatocytes responding differently to drug challenge and fatty acid accumulation. These four subgroups display differential gene expression profiles upon cocktail treatment and xenobiotic metabolism-related specialization. Notably, intracellular fat accumulation leads to increased transcriptional variability and diminishes the drug-related metabolic capacity of hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that, upon a metabolic challenge such as exposure to drugs or intracellular fat accumulation, hepatocyte subgroups display different and heterogeneous transcriptional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sanchez-Quant
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus (HPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria Lucia Richter
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus (HPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria Colomé-Tatché
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85354, Freising, Germany.
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), 82152, Munich, Germany.
| | - Celia Pilar Martinez-Jimenez
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus (HPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich (TUM), 80333, Munich, Germany.
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3
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Uno Y, Jikuya S, Noda Y, Oguchi A, Murayama N, Kawaguchi H, Tsukiyama-Kohara K, Yamazaki H. Newly identified cytochrome P450 3A genes of tree shrews and pigs are expressed and encode functional enzymes. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 267:109579. [PMID: 36822299 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Novel cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) cDNA in tree shrews (which are non-rodent primate-like species) and pig CYP3A227 cDNA were identified, along with known pig CYP3A22, CYP3A29, and CYP3A46 cDNAs. All five cDNAs contained open reading frames encoding a polypeptide of 503 amino acids that shared high sequence identity (72-78 %) with human CYP3A4 and were more closely related to human CYP3As than rat CYP3As by phylogenetic analysis. CYP3A5 was the only CYP3A in the tree shrew genome, but pig CYP3A genes formed a CYP3A gene cluster in the genomic region corresponding to that of human CYP3A genes. Tree shrew CYP3A5 mRNA was predominantly expressed in liver and small intestine, among the tissues analyzed, whereas pig CYP3A227 mRNA was most abundantly expressed in jejunum, followed by liver. Metabolic assays established that tree shrew CYP3A5 and pig CYP3A proteins heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli metabolized typical human CYP3A4 substrates nifedipine and midazolam. These results suggest that novel tree shrew CYP3A5 and pig CYP3A227 were functional enzymes able to metabolize human CYP3A4 substrates in liver and small intestine, similar to human CYP3A4, although pig CYP3A227 mRNA was minimally expressed in all tissues analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uno
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Shiori Jikuya
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yutaro Noda
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Asuka Oguchi
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Norie Murayama
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kawaguchi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Transboundary Animal Diseases Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan.
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4
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Uno Y, Morikuni S, Shiraishi M, Asano A, Kawaguchi H, Murayama N, Yamazaki H. A comprehensive analysis of six forms of cytochrome P450 2C (CYP2C) in pigs. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:963-972. [PMID: 36373600 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2148139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pigs are an important species used in drug metabolism studies; however, the cytochromes P450 (P450s or CYPs) have not been fully investigated in pigs.In this study, pig CYP2C32, CYP2C33, CYP2C34, CYP2C36, CYP2C42, and CYP2C49 cDNAs were isolated and found to contain open reading frames of 490 or 494 amino acids that shared 64-82% sequence identity with human CYP2C8/9/18/19.Pig CYP2C genes formed a gene cluster in a genomic region that corresponded to that of the human CYP2C cluster; an additional gene cluster was formed by pig CYP2C33a and CYP2C33b distant from the first cluster but located in the same chromosome.Among the tissues analysed, these pig CYP2C mRNAs were preferentially expressed in liver, small intestine, and/or kidney; pig CYP2C49, CYP2C32, CYP2C34, and CYP2C33 mRNAs were the most abundant CYP2C mRNAs in liver, jejunum, ileum, and kidney, respectively.Metabolic assays showed that pig CYP2C proteins (heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli) metabolised typical human CYP2C substrates diclofenac, warfarin, and/or omeprazole.The results suggest that these pig CYP2Cs are functional enzymes able to metabolise human CYP2C substrates in liver and small intestine, just as human CYP2Cs do.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uno
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Japan
| | - Saho Morikuni
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan
| | - Mitsuya Shiraishi
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Japan
| | - Atsushi Asano
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Japan
| | | | - Norie Murayama
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan
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5
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Mercer MA, Davis JL, Riviere JE, Baynes RE, Tell LA, Jaberi-Douraki M, Maunsell FP, Lin Z. Mechanisms of toxicity and residue considerations of rodenticide exposure in food Animals—a FARAD perspective. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:514-523. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.21.08.0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Mercer
- 1Food Animal Residue Avoidance and Databank Program (FARAD), Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Jennifer L. Davis
- 1Food Animal Residue Avoidance and Databank Program (FARAD), Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Jim E. Riviere
- 2FARAD, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- 3FARAD, 1DATA Consortium and Department of Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, Kansas State University-Olathe, Olathe, KS
| | - Ronald E. Baynes
- 2FARAD, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Lisa A. Tell
- 4FARAD, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Majid Jaberi-Douraki
- 3FARAD, 1DATA Consortium and Department of Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, Kansas State University-Olathe, Olathe, KS
| | - Fiona P. Maunsell
- 5FARAD, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- 6FARAD, Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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6
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Toda A, Shimizu M, Uehara S, Sasaki T, Miura T, Mogi M, Utoh M, Suemizu H, Yamazaki H. Plasma and hepatic concentrations of acetaminophen and its primary conjugates after oral administrations determined in experimental animals and humans and extrapolated by pharmacokinetic modeling. Xenobiotica 2020; 51:316-323. [PMID: 33179995 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1849872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plasma concentrations of acetaminophen, its glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, and cysteinyl acetaminophen were experimentally determined after oral administrations of 10 mg/kg in humanised-liver mice, control mice, rats, common marmosets, cynomolgus monkeys, and minipigs; the results were compared with reported human pharmacokinetic data. Among the animals tested, only rats predominantly converted acetaminophen to sulfate conjugates, rather than glucuronide conjugates. In contrast, the values of area under the plasma concentration curves of acetaminophen, its glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, and cysteinyl acetaminophen after oral administration of acetaminophen in marmosets and minipigs were consistent with those reported in humans under the present conditions. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models (consisting of the gut, liver, and central compartments) for acetaminophen and its primary metabolite could reproduce and estimate, respectively, the plasma and hepatic concentrations of acetaminophen in experimental animals and humans after single virtual oral doses. The values of area under the curves of hepatic concentrations of acetaminophen estimated using PBPK models were correlated with the measured levels of cysteinyl acetaminophen (a deactivated metabolite) in plasma fractions in these species. Consequently, using simple PBPK models and plasma data to predict hepatic chemical concentrations after oral doses could be helpful as an indicator of in vivo possible hepatotoxicity of chemicals such as acetaminophen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Toda
- Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Wakayama , Japan
| | - Makiko Shimizu
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shotaro Uehara
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University , Tokyo , Japan.,Laboratory Animal Research Department, Central Institute for Experimental Animals , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Tatsuro Sasaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Tomonori Miura
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Masayuki Mogi
- Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Wakayama , Japan.,Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Masahiro Utoh
- Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Wakayama , Japan.,Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University , Tokyo , Japan.,Scientific Affairs Division, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suemizu
- Laboratory Animal Research Department, Central Institute for Experimental Animals , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University , Tokyo , Japan
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7
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Hamada T, Watanabe Y, Iida K, Sano N, Amano N. Microminipig: A suitable animal model to estimate oral absorption of sustained-release formulation in humans. Int J Pharm 2020; 584:119457. [PMID: 32464228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the gastrointestinal absorption characteristics of oral sustained-release formulations in microminipigs, dogs, and monkeys in order to clarify the similarities in absorption properties between these animals and humans. Time profiles of oral absorption of nifedipine and valproic acid were calculated from the plasma concentration-time profiles of the drugs by a deconvolution method. The curves for both drugs in microminipigs were close to or slightly higher than those in humans, whereas those in monkeys were lower. Furthermore, the plasma concentration-time profiles of the drugs were subjected to non-compartmental analysis. The fractions of a dose absorbed into the portal vein (FaFg) in microminipigs ranged from 50 to 100% of the human values, whereas those in monkeys were less than half the human values. In addition, the other absorption-related parameters for the sustained-release formulation in microminipigs, as well as monkeys, were comparable to those in humans. In conclusion, the oral absorption properties of microminipigs and humans were similar regarding the sustained-release formulations. Therefore, microminipig is a suitable animal model to estimate the oral absorption of sustained-release formulations in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruki Hamada
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Yukiko Watanabe
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Koichi Iida
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Sano
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Amano
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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8
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Kambayashi R, Hagiwara-Nagasawa M, Goto A, Chiba K, Izumi-Nakaseko H, Naito AT, Matsumoto A, Sugiyama A. In vivo characterization of rate-dependent impact on the QT interval of microminipig assessed by atrial electrical pacing: Development of correction formulae of QT interval. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1735-1739. [PMID: 31611491 PMCID: PMC6943312 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Correction formulae of QT interval were developed for the halothane-anesthetized microminipigs by adopting atrial pacing (n=5), which were compared with Bazett's and Fridericia's formulae for humans, and Van de Water's one for dogs. The correction formulae: QTc=QT-0.2072 (RR-750) as linear and QTc=QT/(RR/750)0.4007 as non-linear equations, were developed for microminipigs. These formulae can better correct the QT interval of the microminipigs compared with each of the conventional ones for humans and dogs. Moreover, analysis of the slope constant α values indicates that the rate-dependent change in the ventricular repolarization period of microminipig may better mimic that of humans than that of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Kambayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Mihoko Hagiwara-Nagasawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Ai Goto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Koki Chiba
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Hiroko Izumi-Nakaseko
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko T Naito
- Division of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Akio Matsumoto
- Department of Aging Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sugiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.,Department of Aging Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
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9
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Toro-Uribe S, Ibáñez E, Decker EA, McClements DJ, Zhang R, López-Giraldo LJ, Herrero M. Design, Fabrication, Characterization, and In Vitro Digestion of Alkaloid-, Catechin-, and Cocoa Extract-Loaded Liposomes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:12051-12065. [PMID: 30353733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes containing theobromine, caffeine, catechin, epicatechin, and a cocoa extract were fabricated using microfluidization and sonication. A high encapsulation efficiency and good physicochemical stability were obtained by sonication (75% amplitude, 7 min). Liposomes produced at pH 5.0 had mean particle diameter ranging from 73.9 to 84.3 nm. The structural and physicochemical properties of the liposomes were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, confocal fluorescence microscopy, and antioxidant activity assays. The release profile was measured by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection. The bioaccessibility of the bioactive compounds encapsulated in liposomes was determined after exposure to a simulated in vitro digestion model. Higher bioaccessibilities were measured for all catechins-loaded liposome formulations as compared to nonencapsulated counterparts. These results demonstrated that liposomes are capable of increasing the bioaccessibility of flavan-3-ols, which may be important for the development of nutraceutical-enriched functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Toro-Uribe
- Food Science & Technology Research Center (CICTA), School of Chemical Engineering , Universidad Industrial de Santander , Carrera 27, Calle 9 , Bucaramanga 68002 , Colombia
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM) , Nicolás Cabrera 9 , Madrid 28049 , Spain
| | | | | | | | - Luis Javier López-Giraldo
- Food Science & Technology Research Center (CICTA), School of Chemical Engineering , Universidad Industrial de Santander , Carrera 27, Calle 9 , Bucaramanga 68002 , Colombia
| | - Miguel Herrero
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM) , Nicolás Cabrera 9 , Madrid 28049 , Spain
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10
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Tang H, Mayersohn M. Porcine Prediction of Pharmacokinetic Parameters in People: A Pig in a Poke? Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1712-1724. [PMID: 30171162 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.083311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The minipig has become an animal of considerable interest in preclinical drug development. It has been used in toxicology research and in examining/establishing regulatory guidelines as a nonrodent animal model. We have reviewed some basic issues that one would want to consider in the development and testing of any animal model for humans. The pig is a reasonable alternative to the dog, but there are some clear limitations and unexplained disparities in the literature, which require further study; primary among these is the need for standardization in choice of breed and sex and routine protocols. The minipig offers numerous advantages over other established animal models, and it has similarities to the human with regard to anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry. The gastrointestinal tract is structurally and functionally similar to humans. This appears to be true for enzymes and transporters in the gut as well, but more study is needed. One major concern is assessment of oral drug absorption, especially with regard to potential food effects due to gastric emptying differences, yet this does not appear to be a consistent observation. Hepatic metabolism seems to reflect enzymatic patterns in humans, with some differences. Kidney function seems similar to humans but requires further study. We have analyzed literature data that suggest the pig would offer a reasonable model for human oral bioavailability and for allometric predictions of clearance. The minipig appears to be the model for dermal absorption in humans, and we discuss this in terms of literature data and our own in-house experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huadong Tang
- Guangzhou Dazhou Biomedicine, Guangzhou, China (H.T., M.M.); and Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (M.M.)
| | - Michael Mayersohn
- Guangzhou Dazhou Biomedicine, Guangzhou, China (H.T., M.M.); and Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (M.M.)
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11
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Henze LJ, Koehl NJ, O'Shea JP, Kostewicz ES, Holm R, Griffin BT. The pig as a preclinical model for predicting oral bioavailability and in vivo performance of pharmaceutical oral dosage forms: a PEARRL review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 71:581-602. [PMID: 29635685 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In pharmaceutical drug development, preclinical tests in animal models are essential to demonstrate whether the new drug is orally bioavailable and to gain a first insight into in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters that can subsequently be used to predict human values. Despite significant advances in the development of bio-predictive in vitro models and increasing ethical expectations for reducing the number of animals used for research purposes, there is still a need for appropriately selected pre-clinical in vivo testing to provide guidance on the decision to progress to testing in humans. The selection of the appropriate animal models is essential both to maximise the learning that can be obtained from such experiments and to avoid unnecessary testing in a range of species. KEY FINDINGS The present review, provides an insight into the suitability of the pig model for predicting oral bioavailability in humans, by comparing the conditions in the GIT. It also contains a comparison between the bioavailability of compounds dosed to both humans and pigs, to provide an insight into the relative correlation and examples on why a lack of correlation may be observed. SUMMARY While there is a general trend towards predicting human bioavailability from pig data, there is considerable variability in the data set, most likely reflecting species specific differences in individual drug metabolism. Nonetheless, the correlation between pigs vs. humans was comparable to that reported for dogs vs. humans. The presented data demonstrate the suitability of the pig as a preclinical model to predict bioavailability in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Henze
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niklas J Koehl
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Edmund S Kostewicz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - René Holm
- Drug Product Development, Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
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12
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Uehara S, Ishii S, Uno Y, Inoue T, Sasaki E, Yamazaki H. Regio- and Stereo-Selective Oxidation of a Cardiovascular Drug, Metoprolol, Mediated by Cytochrome P450 2D and 3A Enzymes in Marmoset Livers. Drug Metab Dispos 2017; 45:896-899. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.075630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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13
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Siddiqui MR, AlOthman ZA, Rahman N. Analytical techniques in pharmaceutical analysis: A review. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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14
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Sakai C, Iwano S, Shimizu M, Onodera J, Uchida M, Sakurada E, Yamazaki Y, Asaoka Y, Imura N, Uno Y, Murayama N, Hayashi R, Yamazaki H, Miyamoto Y. Analysis of gene expression for microminipig liver transcriptomes using parallel long-read technology and short-read sequencing. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2017; 37:220-32. [PMID: 27214158 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The microminipig is one of the smallest minipigs that has emerged as a possible experimental animal model, because it shares many anatomical and/or physiological similarities with humans, including the coronary artery distribution in the heart, the digestive physiology, the kidney size and its structure, and so on. However, information on gene expression profiles, including those on drug-metabolizing phase I and II enzymes, in the microminipig is limited. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify transcripts in microminipig livers and to determine gene expression profiles. De novo assembly and expression analyses of microminipig transcripts were conducted with liver samples from three male and three female microminipigs using parallel long-read and short-read sequencing technologies. After unique sequences had been automatically aligned by assembling software, the mean contig length of 50843 transcripts was 707 bp. The expression profiles of cytochrome P450 (P450) 1A2, 2C, 2E1 and 3A genes in livers in microminipigs were similar to those in humans. Liver carboxylesterase (CES) precursor, liver CES-like, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2C1-like, amine sulfotransferase (SULT)-like, N-acetyltransferases (NAT8) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) A2 genes, which are relatively unknown genes in pigs and/or humans, were expressed strongly. Furthermore, no significant gender differences were observed in the gene expression profiles of phase I enzymes, whereas UGT2B17, SULT1E1, SULT2A1, amine SULT-like, NAT8 and GSTT4 genes were different between males and females among phase II enzyme genes under the present sample conditions. These results provide a foundation for mechanistic studies and the use of microminipigs as model animals for drug development in the future. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chizuka Sakai
- Toxicology and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., Kamakura, Kanagawa, 248-8555, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Iwano
- Toxicology and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., Kamakura, Kanagawa, 248-8555, Japan.,Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makiko Shimizu
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Onodera
- Eurofins Genomics K.K., Ohta-ku, Tokyo, 143-0003, Japan
| | - Masashi Uchida
- Toxicology and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., Kamakura, Kanagawa, 248-8555, Japan
| | - Eri Sakurada
- Toxicology and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., Kamakura, Kanagawa, 248-8555, Japan
| | - Yuri Yamazaki
- Toxicology and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., Kamakura, Kanagawa, 248-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiji Asaoka
- Toxicology and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., Kamakura, Kanagawa, 248-8555, Japan
| | - Naoko Imura
- Toxicology and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., Kamakura, Kanagawa, 248-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Uno
- Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd, Kainan, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Norie Murayama
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoji Hayashi
- Toxicology and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., Kamakura, Kanagawa, 248-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyamoto
- Pharmaceutical Clinical Research Department, Toray Industries, Inc., 1-1, Nihonbashi-muromachi 2-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-8666, Japan
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15
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Kangawa A, Otake M, Enya S, Yoshida T, Kangawa Y, Shibata M. Spermatogenesis in the Microminipig. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 44:974-86. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623316654586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The microminipig has considerable potential as an animal model to evaluate general toxicity; however, there are few studies on the male reproductive system, particularly regarding spermatogenesis. The objectives of the present study were to clarify the stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle on the basis of spermiogenesis and to determine the duration of spermatogenesis in the microminipig. Eleven microminipigs from 6 to 9 months of age were used for histological analyses. Spermiogenesis and stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle were classified according to the degree of acrosomal development as shown by the periodic acid-Schiff reaction. Three of the animals were intravenously injected with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine to determine the duration of spermatogenesis by immunohistochemistry. Spermiogenesis was classified into 15 steps according to the morphological development of the acrosome, nucleus, and flagellum. The seminiferous epithelium cycle was classified into 11 stages based on the steps of spermatid development and germ cell associations. The length of the seminiferous epithelium cycle and the overall spermatogenesis process in the microminipig were estimated to be approximately 9.1 and 40.9 days, respectively. The results indicate the potential application of the microminipig in the evaluation of testicular toxicity, such as spermatogenesis disruption, in general toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihisa Kangawa
- Swine and Poultry Department, Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Animal Industry, Swine and Poultry Research Center, Kikugawa, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Otake
- Swine and Poultry Department, Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Animal Industry, Swine and Poultry Research Center, Kikugawa, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satoko Enya
- Swine and Poultry Department, Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Animal Industry, Swine and Poultry Research Center, Kikugawa, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Kangawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Shibata
- Swine and Poultry Department, Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Animal Industry, Swine and Poultry Research Center, Kikugawa, Shizuoka, Japan
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16
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Schaefer N, Wojtyniak JG, Kettner M, Schlote J, Laschke MW, Ewald AH, Lehr T, Menger MD, Maurer HH, Schmidt PH. Pharmacokinetics of (synthetic) cannabinoids in pigs and their relevance for clinical and forensic toxicology. Toxicol Lett 2016; 253:7-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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17
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Uehara S, Uno Y, Inoue T, Kawano M, Shimizu M, Toda A, Utoh M, Sasaki E, Yamazaki H. Individual Differences in Metabolic Clearance of S-Warfarin Efficiently Mediated by Polymorphic Marmoset Cytochrome P450 2C19 in Livers. Drug Metab Dispos 2016; 44:911-5. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.070383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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18
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Helke KL, Nelson KN, Sargeant AM, Jacob B, McKeag S, Haruna J, Vemireddi V, Greeley M, Brocksmith D, Navratil N, Stricker-Krongrad A, Hollinger C. Pigs in Toxicology. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 44:575-90. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623316639389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Both a rodent and a nonrodent species are required for evaluation in nonclinical safety studies conducted to support human clinical trials. Historically, dogs and nonhuman primates have been the nonrodent species of choice. Swine, especially the miniature swine or minipigs, are increasingly being used in preclinical safety as an alternate nonrodent species. The pig is an appropriate option for these toxicology studies based on metabolic pathways utilized in xenobiotic biotransformation. Both similarities and differences exist in phase I and phase II biotransformation pathways between humans and pigs. There are numerous breeds of pigs, yet only a few of these breeds are characterized with regard to both xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and background pathology findings. Some specific differences in these enzymes based on breed and sex are known. Although swine have been used extensively in biomedical research, there is also a paucity of information in the current literature detailing the incidence of background lesions and differences between commonly used breeds. Here, the xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes are compared between humans and pigs, and minipig background pathology changes are reviewed with emphasis on breed differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi L. Helke
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Binod Jacob
- Charles River Laboratories, Spencerville, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Derek Brocksmith
- Sinclair Research Center and Sinclair Bio Resources, Auxvasse, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | - Charlotte Hollinger
- Zoological Health Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, USA
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Utoh M, Suemizu H, Mitsui M, Kawano M, Toda A, Uehara S, Uno Y, Shimizu M, Sasaki E, Yamazaki H. Human plasma concentrations of cytochrome P450 probe cocktails extrapolated from pharmacokinetics in mice transplanted with human hepatocytes and from pharmacokinetics in common marmosets using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. Xenobiotica 2016; 46:1049-1055. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2016.1147102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Utoh
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan,
- Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd, Kainan, Japan,
| | | | - Marina Mitsui
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan,
| | - Mirai Kawano
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan,
| | - Akiko Toda
- Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd, Kainan, Japan,
| | - Shotaro Uehara
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan,
| | - Yasuhiro Uno
- Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd, Kainan, Japan,
| | - Makiko Shimizu
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan,
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Marmoset Research Department, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan,
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20
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Shida S, Yamazaki H. Human plasma concentrations of five cytochrome P450 probes extrapolated from pharmacokinetics in dogs and minipigs using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. Xenobiotica 2015; 46:759-64. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1118650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Shida
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Uehara S, Uno Y, Inoue T, Suzuki T, Utoh M, Sasaki E, Yamazaki H. Caffeine 7-N-demethylation andC-8-oxidation mediated by liver microsomal cytochrome P450 enzymes in common marmosets. Xenobiotica 2015; 46:573-578. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1096980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Uehara S, Inoue T, Utoh M, Toda A, Shimizu M, Uno Y, Sasaki E, Yamazaki H. Simultaneous pharmacokinetics evaluation of human cytochrome P450 probes, caffeine, warfarin, omeprazole, metoprolol and midazolam, in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Xenobiotica 2015; 46:163-8. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1057270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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23
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Guruge KS, Noguchi M, Yoshioka K, Yamazaki E, Taniyasu S, Yoshioka M, Yamanaka N, Ikezawa M, Tanimura N, Sato M, Yamashita N, Kawaguchi H. Microminipigs as a new experimental animal model for toxicological studies: comparative pharmacokinetics of perfluoroalkyl acids. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 36:68-75. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keerthi S. Guruge
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization; Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Michiko Noguchi
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization; Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University; Korimoto Kagoshima Japan
| | - Koji Yoshioka
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization; Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Eriko Yamazaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology; Tsukuba Japan
| | - Sachi Taniyasu
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology; Tsukuba Japan
| | - Miyako Yoshioka
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization; Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Noriko Yamanaka
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization; Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Ikezawa
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization; Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Tanimura
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization; Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Masumi Sato
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization; Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Yamashita
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology; Tsukuba Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kawaguchi
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University; Korimoto Kagoshima Japan
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24
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Koyanagi T, Nakanishi Y, Murayama N, Yamaura Y, Ikeda K, Yano K, Uehara S, Utoh M, Kim S, Uno Y, Yamazaki H. Age-related changes of hepatic clearances of cytochrome P450 probes, midazolam andR-/S-warfarin in combination with caffeine, omeprazole and metoprolol in cynomolgus monkeys usingin vitro–in vivocorrelation. Xenobiotica 2014; 45:312-21. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2014.979271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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25
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Suenderhauf C, Tuffin G, Lorentsen H, Grimm HP, Flament C, Parrott N. Pharmacokinetics of Paracetamol in Göttingen Minipigs: In Vivo Studies and Modeling to Elucidate Physiological Determinants of Absorption. Pharm Res 2014; 31:2696-707. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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Akie Y. [Potential of the incredibly-small minipig for pharmacological safety studies]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2014; 143:156. [PMID: 24614640 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.143.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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