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Pearson AC, Shrestha K, Curry TE, Duffy DM. Neurotensin modulates ovarian vascular permeability via adherens junctions. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23602. [PMID: 38581236 PMCID: PMC11034770 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302652rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Neurotensin (NTS) is a 13-amino acid peptide which is highly expressed in the mammalian ovary in response to the luteinizing hormone surge. Antibody neutralization of NTS in the ovulatory follicle of the cynomolgus macaque impairs ovulation and induces follicular vascular dysregulation, with excessive pooling of red blood cells in the follicle antrum. We hypothesize that NTS is an essential intrafollicular regulator of vascular permeability. In the present study, follicle injection of the NTS receptor antagonist SR142948 also resulted in vascular dysregulation. To measure vascular permeability changes in vitro, primary macaque ovarian microvascular endothelial cells (mOMECs) were enriched from follicle aspirates and studied in vitro. When treated with NTS, permeability of mOMECs decreased. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of mOMECs revealed high mRNA expression of the permeability-regulating adherens junction proteins N-cadherin (CDH2) and K-cadherin (CDH6). Immunofluorescent detection of CDH2 and CDH6 confirmed expression and localized these cadherins to the cell-cell boundaries, consistent with function as components of adherens junctions. mOMECs did not express detectable levels of the typical vascular endothelial cadherin, VE-cadherin (CDH5) as determined by RNA-Seq, qPCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence. Knockdown of CDH2 or CDH6 via siRNA abrogated the NTS effect on mOMEC permeability. Collectively, these data suggest that NTS plays an ovulation-critical role in vascular permeability maintenance, and that CDH2 and CDH6 are involved in the permeability modulating effect of NTS on the ovarian microvasculature. NTS can be added to a growing number of angiogenic regulators which are critical for successful ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Pearson
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA, 23507
| | - Ketan Shrestha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA, 40536
| | - Thomas E. Curry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA, 40536
| | - Diane M. Duffy
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA, 23507
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Kwon T. Role and ethics of cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) blastoids in primate developmental biology research. J Med Primatol 2024; 53:e12693. [PMID: 38374540 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
This review on cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) blastoids discusses a breakthrough in modeling early non-human primate embryogenesis, offering insights into embryonic development and implantation processes. It acknowledges ethical challenges and animal welfare considerations in developmental biology, suggests potential applications in human reproductive medicine, and highlights the need for ongoing ethical and technical refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeho Kwon
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea National University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
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3
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Powell CJ, Kapeghian JC, Bernal JC, Foster JR. Hepatitis A Virus Infection in Cynomolgus Monkeys Confounds the Safety Evaluation of a Drug Candidate. Int J Toxicol 2024:10915818241237992. [PMID: 38501993 DOI: 10.1177/10915818241237992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
In a 3-month toxicity study in cynomolgus monkeys at a European contract laboratory, animals were infected with HAV, initially resulting in hepatic injury being incorrectly attributed to the test compound. Elevated serum ALT/AST/GLDH (5- to 10-fold) were noted in individual animals from all groups including controls, with no apparent dose, exposure, or time-related relationship. Liver histopathology revealed minimal to slight inflammatory cell accumulation in periportal zones of most animals, and minimal to slight hepatocyte degeneration/necrosis in 10/42 animals from all groups. As these findings were more pronounced in 6 drug-treated animals, including 2/6 in the low dose group, the draft report concluded: "treatment-related hepatotoxicity at all dose levels precluded determination of a NOAEL." However, the unusual pattern of hepatotoxicity suggested a factor other than drug exposure might have caused the hepatic effects. Therefore, snap-frozen liver samples were tested for hepatitis viruses using a PCR method. Tests for hepatitis B, C, and E virus were negative; however, 20/42 samples were positive for hepatitis A virus (HAV). Infection was strongly associated with increased serum ALT/GLDH, and/or hepatocyte degeneration/necrosis. Re-evaluation of the study in light of these data concluded that the hepatic injury was not drug-related. A subsequent 6-month toxicology study in HAV-vaccinated cynomolgus monkeys confirmed the absence of hepatotoxicity. Identification of HAV infection supported progression of the drug candidate into later clinical trials. Although rarely investigated, subclinical HAV infection has occasionally been reported in laboratory primates, including those used for toxicology studies and it may be more prevalent than the literature indicates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Powell
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Bae GS, Jeon ES, Son HC, Kang P, Lim KS, Hwang EH, Kim G, Baek SH, An YJ, Shim GY, Woo YM, Kim Y, Oh T, Kim SH, Hong J, Koo BS. Clostridium ventriculi in a cynomolgus monkey with acute gastric dilatation and rupture: A case report. J Med Primatol 2024; 53:e12668. [PMID: 37583034 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Acute gastric dilatation (AGD) is one of the most prevalent and life-threatening diseases in nonhuman primates worldwide. However, the etiology of this syndrome has not been determined. Recently, sudden death occurred in a 7-year-old female cynomolgus monkey with a history of fecal microbiota transplantation using diarrheic stools. The monkey had undergone surgery previously. On necropsy, gastric dilatation and rupture demonstrated a tetrad arrangement on histopathologic examination. On 16S rRNA sequencing, a high population of Clostridium ventriculi was identified in the duodenum adjacent to stomach but not in the colon. This paper is the first report of Clostridium ventriculi infection in a cynomolgus macaque with acute gastric dilatation and rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu-Seo Bae
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Eun-Su Jeon
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hee Chang Son
- Futuristic Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Philyong Kang
- Futuristic Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kyung Seob Lim
- Futuristic Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Hwang
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Green Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seung Ho Baek
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Korea
| | - You Jung An
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Gyu Young Shim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Young Min Woo
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Korea
| | - YuJin Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seok-Hwan Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - JungJoo Hong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Bon-Sang Koo
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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Klein H, Levinson BL, Leary SL, Dobson G. A pharmacokinetic study of extended-release buprenorphine in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fasicularis). J Med Primatol 2023; 52:369-373. [PMID: 37432036 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel buprenorphine (BUP) extended-release formulation (BUP-XR) produced as a lipid-encapsulated, low viscosity BUP suspension for subcutaneous (SC) injection to control pain was evaluated for pharmacokinetics and safety in four adult male cynomolgus monkeys. METHODS Each animal was given 0.2 mg/kg reformulated BUP-XR SC. Clinical observations were made during the course of the study. Blood samples were obtained from each animal before BUP-XR administration, 6, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h post-BUP-XR injection. Plasma levels of buprenorphine were analyzed using HPLC-MS/MS. The PK values calculated included peak plasma concentration of the BUP analyte, time to peak plasma concentration, plasma half-life, area under the plasma concentration-time curve, clearance, apparent volume of distribution, and elimination rate constant (Cmax , Tmax , T½ , AUC0-t , CL, Vd, and Ke, respectively). RESULTS Observable adverse clinical signs were not detected. BUP concentration peaked from 6 to 48 h, then declined in a linear fashion. Quantifiable plasma BUP was measured in all monkeys at all time points. Results indicate that a single BUP-XR dose at 0.2 mg/kg can reliably provide plasma levels of BUP reported in the literature to be therapeutically relevant for up to 96 h. CONCLUSIONS Because of the lack of any clinical observations or adverse effects at the injection site or absence of observable abnormal behaviors, it may be concluded that the use of BUP-XR is safe and efficacious in this species of non-human primate at the dose regimen described in this study for up to 96 h post-administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilton Klein
- International Consultants in Laboratory Animal Medicine, Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Glenn Dobson
- Low Country Biosource, Walterboro, South Carolina, USA
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Anwised P, Moorawong R, Samruan W, Somredngan S, Srisutush J, Laowtammathron C, Aksoy I, Parnpai R, Savatier P. An expedition in the jungle of pluripotent stem cells of non-human primates. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:2016-2037. [PMID: 37863046 PMCID: PMC10679654 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
For nearly three decades, more than 80 embryonic stem cell lines and more than 100 induced pluripotent stem cell lines have been derived from New World monkeys, Old World monkeys, and great apes. In this comprehensive review, we examine these cell lines originating from marmoset, cynomolgus macaque, rhesus macaque, pig-tailed macaque, Japanese macaque, African green monkey, baboon, chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, and orangutan. We outline the methodologies implemented for their establishment, the culture protocols for their long-term maintenance, and their basic molecular characterization. Further, we spotlight any cell lines that express fluorescent reporters. Additionally, we compare these cell lines with human pluripotent stem cell lines, and we discuss cell lines reprogrammed into a pluripotent naive state, detailing the processes used to attain this. Last, we present the findings from the application of these cell lines in two emerging fields: intra- and interspecies embryonic chimeras and blastoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeyanan Anwised
- University Lyon, University Lyon 1, INSERM, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 69500 Bron, France; Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Ratree Moorawong
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Worawalan Samruan
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Sirilak Somredngan
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Jittanun Srisutush
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Chuti Laowtammathron
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Irene Aksoy
- University Lyon, University Lyon 1, INSERM, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 69500 Bron, France.
| | - Rangsun Parnpai
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
| | - Pierre Savatier
- University Lyon, University Lyon 1, INSERM, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 69500 Bron, France.
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7
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卢 晓, 余 洋, 谢 冰, 王 国, 杨 腾, 熊 波, 刘 津, 李 彦. [Establishment of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction model in cynomolgus monkey with autogenous hamstring tendon transplantation]. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 2023; 37:862-867. [PMID: 37460184 PMCID: PMC10352513 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202303103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the feasibility of establishing an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction model using hamstring tendon autograft in cynomolgus monkeys. Methods Twelve healthy adult male cynomolgus monkeys, weighing 8-13 kg, were randomly divided into two groups ( n=6). In the experimental group, the ACL reconstruction model of the right lower limb was prepared by using a single bundle of hamstring tendon, and the ACL of the right lower limb was only cut off in the control group. The survival of animals in the two groups was observed after operation. Before operation and at 3, 6, and 12 months after operation, the knee range of motion, thigh circumference, and calf circumference of the two groups were measured; the anterior tibial translation D-value (ATTD) was measured by Ligs joint ligament digital body examination instrument under the loads of 13-20 N, respectively. At the same time, the experimental group underwent MRI examination to observe the graft morphology and the signal/ noise quotient (SNQ) was caculated. Results All animals survived to the end of the experiment. In the experimental group, the knee range of motion, thigh circumference, and calf circumference decreased first and then gradually increased after operation; the above indexes were significantly lower at 3 and 6 months after operation than before operation ( P<0.05), and no significant difference was found between pre-operation and 12 months after operation ( P>0.05). In the control group, there was no significant change in knee range of motion after operation, showing no significant difference between pre- and post-operation ( P>0.05), but the thigh circumference and calf circumference gradually significantly decreased with time ( P<0.05), and the difference was significant when compared with those before operation ( P<0.05). At 6 and 12 months after operation, the thigh circumference and calf circumference were significantly larger in the experimental group than in the control group ( P<0.05). At 3 and 6 months after operation, the knee range of motion was significantly smaller in the experimental group than in the control group ( P<0.05). Under the loading condition of 13-20 N, the ATTD in the experimental group increased first and then decreased after operation; and the ATTD significantly increased at 3, 6 months after operation when compared with the value before operation ( P<0.05). But there was no significant difference between the pre-operation and 12 months after operation ( P>0.05). There was no significant change in ATTD in the control group at 3, 6, and 12 months after operation ( P>0.05), and which were significantly higher than those before operation ( P<0.05). At each time point after operation, the ATTD was significantly smaller in the experimental group than in the control group under the same load ( P<0.05). The MRI examination of the experimental group showed that the ACL boundary gradually became clear after reconstruction and was covered by the synovial membrane. The SNQ at each time point after operation was significantly higher than that before operation, but gradually decreased with time, and the differences between time points were significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion The ACL reconstruction model in cynomolgus monkey with autogenous hamstring tendon transplantation was successfully established.
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Affiliation(s)
- 晓君 卢
- 昆明医科大学第一附属医院运动医学科(昆明 650032)Department of Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yunnan, 650032, P. R. China
| | - 洋 余
- 昆明医科大学第一附属医院运动医学科(昆明 650032)Department of Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yunnan, 650032, P. R. China
| | - 冰 谢
- 昆明医科大学第一附属医院运动医学科(昆明 650032)Department of Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yunnan, 650032, P. R. China
| | - 国梁 王
- 昆明医科大学第一附属医院运动医学科(昆明 650032)Department of Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yunnan, 650032, P. R. China
| | - 腾云 杨
- 昆明医科大学第一附属医院运动医学科(昆明 650032)Department of Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yunnan, 650032, P. R. China
| | - 波涵 熊
- 昆明医科大学第一附属医院运动医学科(昆明 650032)Department of Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yunnan, 650032, P. R. China
| | - 津瑞 刘
- 昆明医科大学第一附属医院运动医学科(昆明 650032)Department of Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yunnan, 650032, P. R. China
| | - 彦林 李
- 昆明医科大学第一附属医院运动医学科(昆明 650032)Department of Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yunnan, 650032, P. R. China
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Zhai J, Xu Y, Wan H, Yan R, Guo J, Skory R, Yan L, Wu X, Sun F, Chen G, Zhao W, Yu K, Li W, Guo F, Plachta N, Wang H. Neurulation of the cynomolgus monkey embryo achieved from 3D blastocyst culture. Cell 2023; 186:2078-2091.e18. [PMID: 37172562 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Neural tube (NT) defects arise from abnormal neurulation and result in the most common birth defects worldwide. Yet, mechanisms of primate neurulation remain largely unknown due to prohibitions on human embryo research and limitations of available model systems. Here, we establish a three-dimensional (3D) prolonged in vitro culture (pIVC) system supporting cynomolgus monkey embryo development from 7 to 25 days post-fertilization. Through single-cell multi-omics analyses, we demonstrate that pIVC embryos form three germ layers, including primordial germ cells, and establish proper DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility through advanced gastrulation stages. In addition, pIVC embryo immunofluorescence confirms neural crest formation, NT closure, and neural progenitor regionalization. Finally, we demonstrate that the transcriptional profiles and morphogenetics of pIVC embryos resemble key features of similarly staged in vivo cynomolgus and human embryos. This work therefore describes a system to study non-human primate embryogenesis through advanced gastrulation and early neurulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglei Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanhong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Haifeng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Rui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Robin Skory
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Long Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xulun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fengyuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Gang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wentao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kunyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Fan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Nicolas Plachta
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Hongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China.
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9
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Gong Y, Bai B, Sun N, Ci B, Shao H, Zhang T, Yao H, Zhang Y, Niu Y, Liu L, Zhao H, Wu H, Zhang L, Wang T, Li S, Wei Y, Yu Y, Ribeiro Orsi AE, Liu B, Ji W, Wu J, Chen Y, Tan T. Ex utero monkey embryogenesis from blastocyst to early organogenesis. Cell 2023; 186:2092-2110.e23. [PMID: 37172563 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The third and fourth weeks of gestation in primates are marked by several developmental milestones, including gastrulation and the formation of organ primordia. However, our understanding of this period is limited due to restricted access to in vivo embryos. To address this gap, we developed an embedded 3D culture system that allows for the extended ex utero culture of cynomolgus monkey embryos for up to 25 days post-fertilization. Morphological, histological, and single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses demonstrate that ex utero cultured monkey embryos largely recapitulated key events of in vivo development. With this platform, we were able to delineate lineage trajectories and genetic programs involved in neural induction, lateral plate mesoderm differentiation, yolk sac hematopoiesis, primitive gut, and primordial germ-cell-like cell development in monkeys. Our embedded 3D culture system provides a robust and reproducible platform for growing monkey embryos from blastocysts to early organogenesis and studying primate embryogenesis ex utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Senior Department of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center, Medical Innovation Research Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Bing Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Nianqin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Baiquan Ci
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Honglian Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Hui Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Youyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yuyu Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Lizhong Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hu Zhao
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Tianxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Shangang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yulei Wei
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yang Yu
- Reproductive Medical Center and Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ana Elisa Ribeiro Orsi
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Senior Department of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center, Medical Innovation Research Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Weizhi Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Yongchang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Tao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
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10
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Camacho RC, Polidori D, Chen T, Chen B, Hsu HH, Gao B, Marella M, Lubomirski M, Beavers T, Cabrera J, Wong P, Nawrocki AR. Validation of a diet-induced Macaca fascicularis model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with dietary and pioglitazone interventions. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:1068-1079. [PMID: 36546607 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To develop an obese, insulin-resistant cynomolgus monkey model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with fibrosis with a high fat/high cholesterol (HFHC) diet (with or without high fructose) and test its responsiveness to caloric restriction or pioglitazone. METHODS First, two groups of monkeys (n = 24/group) with histologically proven NASH and fibrosis were fed the HFHC diet for 17 weeks. The treatment group was subjected to a 40% caloric restriction (CR) and had their diet switched from the HFHC diet to a chow diet (DSCR). Paired liver biopsies were taken before and 17 weeks after DSCR. Subsets of monkeys (nine/group) had whole liver fat content assessed by MRI. Next, two groups of monkeys with histologically proven NASH and fibrosis were treated with vehicle (n = 9) or pioglitazone (n = 20) over 24 weeks. RESULTS The HFHC and DSCR groups lost 0.9% and 11.4% of body weight, respectively. After 17 weeks, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS) improvement was observed in 66.7% of the DSCR group versus 12.5% of the HFHC group (P < .001). Hepatic fat was reduced to 5.2% in the DSCR group versus 23.0% in the HFHC group (P = .0001). After 24 weeks, NAS improvement was seen in 30% of the pioglitazone group versus 0% of the vehicle group (P = .08). CONCLUSIONS Both weight loss induced by DSCR and treatment with pioglitazone improve the histological features of NASH in a diet-induced cynomolgus monkey model. This model provides a translational preclinical model for testing novel NASH therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul C Camacho
- Cardiovascular Metabolism, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Polidori
- Cardiovascular Metabolism, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tao Chen
- Preclincial Sciences and Translational Safety, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Preclincial Sciences and Translational Safety, Shanghai, China
| | - Helen Han Hsu
- Preclincial Sciences and Translational Safety, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Translational Medicine and Early Development Statistics, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Mariusz Lubomirski
- Translational Medicine and Early Development Statistics, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Traymon Beavers
- Translational Medicine and Early Development Statistics, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Javier Cabrera
- Translational Medicine and Early Development Statistics, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peggy Wong
- Quantitative Sciences, Janssen R&D, Raritan, New Jersey, USA
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11
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Lee S, Kang HG, Jeong PS, Song BS, Choi WS, Jin YB, Huh JW, Kim SU, Sim BW. Expression of the melatonergic system during meiotic maturation of cynomolgus monkey cumulus-oocyte complexes. J Med Primatol 2023; 52:163-169. [PMID: 36973936 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin is a multifunctional hormone synthesized in the pineal gland and peripheral reproductive tissues that regulates many biological processes. There is increasing evidence for a role of melatonin in oocyte maturation and embryonic development in various mammals. However, no study has reported evidence for the existence of melatonergic system, such as melatonin synthesis enzymes, melatonin membrane receptors, or melatonin binding sites in non-human primate cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). METHODS Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunocytochemistry were performed to detect transcripts and proteins of the rate-limiting enzyme in melatonin synthesis (arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, AANAT), melatonin membrane receptors (MT1 and MT2), and a melatonin binding site (NRH: quinone oxidoreductase 2, NQO2) in cynomolgus monkey COCs. RESULTS RT-PCR analyses revealed the presence of AANAT, MT1, MT2, and NQO2 transcripts in granulosa cells, germinal vesicle (GV)- and metaphase II (MII)-stage cumulus cells, and oocytes. Immunocytochemistry revealed the presence of AANAT, MT1, MT2, and NQO2 proteins in GV- and MII-stage COCs. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide the first evidence for the existence of the rate-limiting enzyme required for melatonin synthesis, melatonin membrane receptors, and a melatonin binding site in non-human primate COCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Lee
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Gu Kang
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Pil-Soo Jeong
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Bong-Seok Song
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Won Seok Choi
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Yeung Bae Jin
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Jae-Won Huh
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sun-Uk Kim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Bo-Woong Sim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
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12
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Liu C, Si W, Tu C, Tian S, He X, Wang S, Yang X, Yao C, Li C, Kherraf ZE, Ye M, Zhou Z, Ma Y, Gao Y, Li Y, Liu Q, Tang S, Wang J, Saiyin H, Zhao L, Yang L, Meng L, Chen B, Tang D, Zhou Y, Wu H, Lv M, Tan C, Lin G, Kong Q, Shi H, Su Z, Li Z, Yao YG, Jin L, Zheng P, Ray PF, Tan YQ, Cao Y, Zhang F. Deficiency of primate-specific SSX1 induced asthenoteratozoospermia in infertile men and cynomolgus monkey and tree shrew models. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:516-530. [PMID: 36796361 PMCID: PMC10027476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Primate-specific genes (PSGs) tend to be expressed in the brain and testis. This phenomenon is consistent with brain evolution in primates but is seemingly contradictory to the similarity of spermatogenesis among mammals. Here, using whole-exome sequencing, we identified deleterious variants of X-linked SSX1 in six unrelated men with asthenoteratozoospermia. SSX1 is a PSG expressed predominantly in the testis, and the SSX family evolutionarily expanded independently in rodents and primates. As the mouse model could not be used for studying SSX1, we used a non-human primate model and tree shrews, which are phylogenetically similar to primates, to knock down (KD) Ssx1 expression in the testes. Consistent with the phenotype observed in humans, both Ssx1-KD models exhibited a reduced sperm motility and abnormal sperm morphology. Further, RNA sequencing indicated that Ssx1 deficiency influenced multiple biological processes during spermatogenesis. Collectively, our experimental observations in humans and cynomolgus monkey and tree shrew models highlight the crucial role of SSX1 in spermatogenesis. Notably, three of the five couples who underwent intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection treatment achieved a successful pregnancy. This study provides important guidance for genetic counseling and clinical diagnosis and, significantly, describes the approaches for elucidating the functions of testis-enriched PSGs in spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Si
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Chaofeng Tu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China; Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Shixiong Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojin He
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chencheng Yao
- Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zine-Eddine Kherraf
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team Genetics Epigenetics and Therapies of Infertility, Grenoble, France; CHU Grenoble Alpes, UM GI-DPI, Grenoble, France
| | - Maosen Ye
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zixue Zhou
- Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhua Ma
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Qiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Shuyan Tang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxiong Wang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Hexige Saiyin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangyu Zhao
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Liqun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Lanlan Meng
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China; Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Bingbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Dongdong Tang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yiling Zhou
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mingrong Lv
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Tan
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ge Lin
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China; Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Qingpeng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Hong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zhixi Su
- Singlera Genomics (Shanghai) Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Andrology, Center for Men's Health, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Pierre F Ray
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team Genetics Epigenetics and Therapies of Infertility, Grenoble, France; CHU Grenoble Alpes, UM GI-DPI, Grenoble, France
| | - Yue-Qiu Tan
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China; Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Fang X, Tichenor SD. Reference intervals and method sensitivity for electrocardiology, hemodynamics, and body temperature parameters in healthy cynomolgus monkeys. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2023; 120:107247. [PMID: 36581147 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2022.107247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In nonclinical studies, electrocardiograms (ECG) of cynomolgus monkey are recorded intermittently by external leads in manually restrained animals (snapshot recording) or continuously by jacketed external telemetry (JET) or implanted radiotelemetry transmitter in freely moving animals. With the implanted device, blood pressure and core body temperature can be monitored simultaneously. Despite the frequent use of cynomolgus monkeys in nonclinical safety pharmacology testing, few reference data are available for this species, comparisons of the ECG recording methods are limited, and power analyses are seldom conducted. In this study, pretreatment data were recorded from 406, 663, and 131 healthy experimentally naïve monkeys using the snapshot, JET, and implantable method, respectively, from 2019 to 2021. Reference intervals were determined for ECG, blood pressure, and body temperature parameters. Diurnal effects were observed in these parameters, with the exception of QRS and pulse pressure. The QRS, QT, and heart rate-corrected QTc intervals, as well as blood pressure, had a weak positive relationship with age and/or body weight. There were no sex differences in these parameters, and the country of origin only had minimal influences. Compared to telemetry, snapshot ECG data had shorter RR, PR, and QT intervals and longer QRS interval. The JET and implanted telemetry ECG data were comparable. Effect size analysis was conducted to estimate the method sensitivity for each parameter in common non-clinical study design scenarios. Snapshot recording, JET, and implanted telemetry were sensitive to detect 7-15 milliseconds of changes in QTc intervals in standard study designs, indicating these are powerful methods for assessment of QT prolongation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiefan Fang
- Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Reno, NV, United States of America.
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14
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Jensen VF, Jensen NK, Schefe LH, Sigh J, Akintomide A, Kaaber K, Moesgaard SG, Pedersen MH. The Non-Human Primate in Safety Assessment of a Bifunctional Long-Acting Insulin Analogue. Int J Toxicol 2023; 42:254-268. [PMID: 36799227 DOI: 10.1177/10915818231156898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Species selection plays a pivotal part during non-clinical safety assessment in drug development. If possible, use of non-human primates (NHPs) should be avoided due to ethical considerations. However, limiting factors as lack of pharmacologic activity in other species could necessitate use of NHPs. LAI-PCSK9i is a bi-functional molecule combining a long-acting insulin analogue with a PCSK9 inhibitor peptide aiming to provide glycaemic control and to reduce plasma LDL concentrations. The NHP was chosen for the safety assessment of LAI-PCSK9i being the most relevant species with basal levels and plasma lipid composition closest to humans, while the dog and initially also the minipig were deemed irrelevant due to lack of pharmacologic activity on LDL-lowering and biological differences in lipid profiles. An in vivo tolerability and toxicokinetic study of LAI-PCSK9i in NHPs showed recurrent and severe hypoglycaemia at very low doses. Therefore, the minipig was re-evaluated and a follow-up study thoroughly assessing blood glucose and cholesterol levels and clinical signs illustrated that minipigs dosed with LAI-PCSK9i, tolerated the compound and LAI-PCSK9i decreased glucose and LDL over time. This work underlines that careful consideration is required when selecting species during safety assessment in drug development. The tolerability issue in NHPs led to the subsequent selection of the minipig for safety evaluation of LAI-PCSK9i although as a suboptimal alternative, which unexpectedly had a measurable pharmacologic response on LDL lowering. In conclusion, the NHPs may be unsuitable as test species for safety assessment of long-acting insulin analogues due to high sensitivity to recurring hypoglycaemic episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivi Fh Jensen
- Global Drug Discovery and Development Sciences, 1450Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Nikolai K Jensen
- Global Drug Discovery and Development Sciences, 1450Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Line H Schefe
- Global Drug Discovery and Development Sciences, 1450Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Jens Sigh
- Global Drug Discovery and Development Sciences, 1450Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Mona H Pedersen
- Global Drug Discovery and Development Sciences, 1450Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
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15
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Izumi-Nakaseko H, Sakamoto K, Goto A, Kambayashi R, Matsumoto A, Takei Y, Takahara A, Sugiyama A. Characterization of pathological remodeling in the chronic atrioventricular block cynomolgus monkey heart. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1055031. [PMID: 36744259 PMCID: PMC9892184 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1055031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied time course of pathological remodeling occurring in the cynomolgus monkey hearts against persistent atrioventricular block condition (n = 10). The atrioventricular block induced the ventricular and atrial dilation followed by the ventricular hypertrophy. Interstitial fibrosis in the ventricle was also observed along with gradual increases in the plasma angiotensin II and aldosterone concentrations. These adaptations were associated with the changes in gene expression profiling reflecting fibrosis and hypertrophy. Atrioventricular block reduced the ventricular rate and cardiac output, but the ejection fraction and stroke volume increased, whereas the cardiac output was gradually restored to its basal level. Systolic/diastolic blood pressure after the atrioventricular block was kept equal to or lower than that before the block, according with lack of increase in the plasma catecholamine levels. Chronic atrioventricular block gradually prolonged the QRS width and JT interval, leading to the QT interval prolongation in conscious state. 10 mg/kg of dl-sotalol hydrochloride induced torsade de pointes (TdP) in 6 out of 10 animals by 15 months. Animals showing longer QTcF under anesthesia after the atrioventricular block developed dl-sotalol-induced TdP earlier. No marked difference was observed in pharmacokinetics of dl-sotalol between 1 and 7 months after the atrioventricular block. Each TdP spontaneously terminated, reflecting a monkey's relatively small "effective size of the heart (=∛(left ventricular weight)/wavelength of reentry)". These fundamental knowledge will help better utilize the chronic atrioventricular block monkeys as an in vivo proarrhythmia model for detecting drug-induced TdP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ai Goto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Kambayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Matsumoto
- Department of Aging Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takei
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Takahara
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sugiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Aging Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan,*Correspondence: Atsushi Sugiyama,
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16
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Wu R, Bai B, Li F, Bai R, Zhuo Y, Zhu Z, Jia R, Li S, Chen Y, Lan X. Phenotypes and genetic etiology of spontaneous polycystic kidney and liver disease in cynomolgus monkey. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1106016. [PMID: 36876010 PMCID: PMC9978152 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1106016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a common autosomal dominant or recessive genetic disease, often accompanied by polycystic liver disease (PLD). Many cases of PKD in animals have been reported. However, little is known about the genes that cause PKD in animals. Methods In this study, we evaluated the clinical phenotypes of PKD in two spontaneously aged cynomolgus monkeys and explored the genetic etiology using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Ultrasonic and histological consequences were further investigated in PKD- and PLD-affected monkeys. Results The results indicated that the kidneys of the two monkeys had varying degrees of cystic changes, and the renal cortex was thinned and accompanied by fluid accumulation. As for hepatopathy, inflammatory cell infiltration, cystic effusion, steatosis of hepatocytes, and pseudo-lobular were found. Based on WGS results, the variants of PKD1:(XM_015442355: c.1144G>C p. E382Q) and GANAB: (NM_001285075.1: c.2708T>C/p. V903A) are predicted to be likely pathogenic heterozygous mutations in PKD- and PLD-affected monkeys. Discussion Our study suggests that the cynomolgus monkey PKD and PLD phenotypes are very similar to those in humans, and are probably caused by pathogenic genes homologous to humans. The results indicate that cynomolgus monkeys can be used as the most appropriate animal model for human PKD pathogenesis research and therapeutic drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research and Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, China
| | - Bing Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research and Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, China
| | - Feng Li
- Kunming Biomed International, Kunming, China
| | - Raoxian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research and Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research and Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, China
| | - Zhengna Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research and Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, China
| | - Rongfang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research and Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, China
| | - Shangang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research and Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, China
| | - Yongchang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research and Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoping Lan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Kobayashi H, Tohyama S, Kanazawa H, Ichimura H, Chino S, Tanaka Y, Suzuki Y, Zhao J, Shiba N, Kadota S, Narita K, Naito T, Seto T, Kuwahara K, Shiba Y, Fukuda K. Intracoronary transplantation of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes: Inefficient procedure for cardiac regeneration. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 174:77-87. [PMID: 36403760 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Advances in stem cell biology have facilitated cardiac regeneration, and many animal studies and several initial clinical trials have been conducted using human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs). Most preclinical and clinical studies have typically transplanted PSC-CMs via the following two distinct approaches: direct intramyocardial injection or epicardial delivery of engineered heart tissue. Both approaches present common disadvantages, including a mandatory thoracotomy and poor engraftment. Furthermore, a standard transplantation approach has yet to be established. In this study, we tested the feasibility of performing intracoronary administration of PSC-CMs based on a commonly used method of transplanting somatic stem cells. Six male cynomolgus monkeys underwent intracoronary administration of dispersed human PSC-CMs or PSC-CM aggregates, which are called cardiac spheroids, with multiple cell dosages. The recipient animals were sacrificed at 4 weeks post-transplantation for histological analysis. Intracoronary administration of dispersed human PSC-CMs in the cynomolgus monkeys did not lead to coronary embolism or graft survival. Although the transplanted cardiac spheroids became partially engrafted, they also induced scar formation due to cardiac ischemic injury. Cardiac engraftment and scar formation were reasonably consistent with the spheroid size or cell dosage. These findings indicate that intracoronary transplantation of PSC-CMs is an inefficient therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shugo Tohyama
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Kanazawa
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Ichimura
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shuji Chino
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yota Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Naoko Shiba
- Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shin Kadota
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Narita
- Department of Pharmacy, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takafumi Naito
- Department of Pharmacy, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuichiro Seto
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kuwahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Shiba
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Dai X, Shao H, Sun N, Ci B, Wu J, Liu C, Wu L, Yuan Y, Wei X, Yang H, Liu L, Ji W, Bai B, Shang Z, Tan T. Developmental dynamics of chromatin accessibility during post-implantation development of monkey embryos. Gigascience 2022; 12:7179471. [PMID: 37226912 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early post-implantation development, especially gastrulation in primates, is accompanied by extensive drastic chromatin reorganization, which remains largely elusive. RESULTS To delineate the global chromatin landscape and understand the molecular dynamics during this period, a single-cell assay for transposase accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq) was applied to in vitro cultured cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis, hereafter referred to as monkey) embryos to investigate the chromatin status. First, we delineated the cis-regulatory interactions and identified the regulatory networks and critical transcription factors involved in the epiblast (EPI), hypoblast, and trophectoderm/trophoblast (TE) lineage specification. Second, we observed that the chromatin opening of some genome regions preceded the gene expression during EPI and trophoblast specification. Third, we identified the opposing roles of FGF and BMP signaling in pluripotency regulation during EPI specification. Finally, we revealed the similarity between EPI and TE in gene expression profiles and demonstrated that PATZ1 and NR2F2 were involved in EPI and trophoblast specification during monkey post-implantation development. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide a useful resource and insights into dissecting the transcriptional regulatory machinery during primate post-implantation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Dai
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Honglian Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Nianqin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Baiquan Ci
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | - Liang Wu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | | | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Longqi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Weizhi Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Bing Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Zhouchun Shang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Tao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
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19
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Yang H, Pan W, Chen G, Huang E, Lu Q, Chen Y, Chen Y, Yang Z, Wen L, Zhang S, Xu C, Lv W, Dai L, Wu C, Zhang L. Preclinical Toxicity and Immunogenicity of a COVID-19 Vaccine (ZF2001) in Cynomolgus Monkeys. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122080. [PMID: 36560490 PMCID: PMC9781319 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak occurred in late 2019, it is still endemic worldwide, and has become a global public health problem. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is considered to be the most effective intervention to prevent the spread of COVID-19. ZF2001 is a recombinant protein vaccine based on SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) subunit which contains aluminum adjuvant. In order to advance our research on ZF2001 into clinical trial, we investigated the general toxicity and immunogenicity of ZF2001 in cynomolgus monkeys and assessed the possible target organs for vaccine-induced toxicity. In the present research, we observed no significant systemic toxicities and abnormal cardiovascular and respiratory events following four times injections of intramuscular ZF2001 in cynomolgus monkeys. Histological examination revealed recoverable inflammatory changes in quadricep muscle and adjacent lymph node at the vaccine injection site. As expected, the vaccine can produce a strongly specific binding antibody and neutralizing antibodies in cynomolgus monkeys after inoculation. Taken together, our regulatory toxicology research proves the safety and immunogenicity of the ZF2001 vaccine, supporting its entry into large scale clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhong Yang
- Center of Safety Evaluation and Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Center of Safety Evaluation and Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Guoyu Chen
- Center of Safety Evaluation and Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Enqi Huang
- Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hefei 230088, China
| | - Qijiong Lu
- Center of Safety Evaluation and Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yunxiang Chen
- Center of Safety Evaluation and Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Center of Safety Evaluation and Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhengbiao Yang
- Center of Safety Evaluation and Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Lei Wen
- Center of Safety Evaluation and Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Siming Zhang
- Center of Safety Evaluation and Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Center of Safety Evaluation and Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Wanqiang Lv
- Center of Safety Evaluation and Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Lianpan Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Changwei Wu
- Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hefei 230088, China
| | - Lijiang Zhang
- Center of Safety Evaluation and Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou 310053, China
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20
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Tian C, Qiu M, Lv H, Yue F, Zhou F. Preliminary serum and fecal metabolomics study of spontaneously diabetic cynomolgus monkeys based on LC-MS/MS. J Med Primatol 2022; 51:355-366. [PMID: 35993379 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using untargeted metabolomics techniques, the goal of the study is to differentially screen serum and feces metabolite profiles of spontaneously diabetic and healthy cynomolgus monkeys, to explore potential serum and fecal biomarkers and analyze affected metabolic pathways. METHODS We adopted the diagnostic criteria for T2DM recommended by ADA for humans: FSG ≥7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dl) and HbA1c ≥ 6.5%. The serum and feces samples from three diagnosed spontaneously T2DM cynomolgus monkeys and 11 age-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. We employed LC-MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomic methods to reveal the differential metabolite profiles of serum and feces samples between the two groups and to analyze the affected metabolic pathways in MetaboAnalyst 5.0 based on KEGG library. RESULTS Six and 44 differential metabolites were identified in serum and feces samples, respectively, and the corresponding affected commonly metabolic pathways involved several metabolic ways, such as arginine biosynthesis, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, and histidine metabolism. CONCLUSION The differential potential serum and feces biomarkers obtained from the LC-MS/MS based untargeted metabolomic may help to explain the potential pathophysiological mechanisms of T2DM and offer pivotal information for the early diagnosis and treatment of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Mingyin Qiu
- Hainan Jingang Biotech Co., Ltd, Haikou, China
| | - Haizhou Lv
- Hainan Jingang Biotech Co., Ltd, Haikou, China
| | - Feng Yue
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Feifan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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21
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Goto A, Sakamoto K, Kambayashi R, Izumi-Nakaseko H, Kawai S, Takei Y, Matsumoto A, Kanda Y, Sugiyama A. Validation of risk-stratification method for the chronic atrioventricular block cynomolgus monkey model and its mechanistic interpretation using 6 drugs with pharmacologically-distinct profile. Toxicol Sci 2022; 190:99-109. [PMID: 35993620 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Validation of risk-stratification method for the chronic atrioventricular block cynomolgus monkey model and its mechanistic interpretation were performed using 6 pharmacologically-distinct drugs. The following drugs were orally administered in conscious state, astemizole: 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg (n = 6); haloperidol: 1, 10 and 30 mg/kg (n = 5); amiodarone: 30 mg/kg (n = 4); famotidine: 10 mg/kg (n = 4); levofloxacin: 100 mg/kg (n = 4); and tolterodine: 0.2, 1 and 4.5 mg/kg (n = 4). Astemizole of 5 and 10 mg/kg significantly prolonged ΔΔQTcF, whereas no significant change was observed by the others. Torsade de pointes (TdP) was induced by astemizole of 5 and 10 mg/kg in 3/6 and 6/6, and by haloperidol of 10 and 30 mg/kg in 1/5 and 1/5, respectively, which was not observed in the others. Torsadogenic risk of the drugs was quantified using the criteria for the monkey model specified in our previous study. Namely, high-risk drugs induced TdP at ≤ 3times of their maximum clinical daily dose. Intermediate-risk drugs did not induce TdP at this dose range, but induced it at higher doses. Low/no-risk drugs never induced TdP at any dose tested. The magnitude of risk was intermediate for astemizole and haloperidol, and low/no risk for the others. The pre-specified, risk-stratification method for the monkey model may solve the issue existing between non-clinical models and patients with labile repolarization, which can reinforce the regulatory decision-making and labelling at time of marketing application of non-double-negative drug candidate (hERG assay positive and/or in vivo QT study positive).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Goto
- Department of Pharmacology, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Kengo Sakamoto
- Ina Research Inc, 2148-188 Nishiminowa, Ina-shi, Nagano, 399-4501, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Kambayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Hiroko Izumi-Nakaseko
- Department of Pharmacology, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kawai
- Department of Inflammation & Pain Control Research, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takei
- Department of Pharmacology, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Akio Matsumoto
- Department of Aging Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Yasunari Kanda
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sugiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan.,Department of Inflammation & Pain Control Research, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan.,Department of Aging Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
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22
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Zhang P, Xue S, Guo R, Liu J, Bai B, Li D, Hyraht A, Sun N, Shao H, Fan Y, Ji W, Yang S, Yu Y, Tan T. Mapping developmental paths of monkey primordial germ-like cells differentiation from pluripotent stem cells by single cell ribonucleic acid sequencing analysis†. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:237-249. [PMID: 35766401 PMCID: PMC9310512 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The induction of primordial germ-like cells (PGCLCs) from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) provides a powerful system to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying germline specification, which are difficult to study in vivo. The studies reveal the existence of a species-specific mechanism underlying PGCLCs between humans and mice, highlighting the necessity to study regulatory networks in more species, especially in primates. Harnessing the power of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis, the detailed trajectory of human PGCLCs specification in vitro has been achieved. However, the study of nonhuman primates is still needed. Here, we applied an embryoid body (EB) differentiation system to induce PGCLCs specification from cynomolgus monkey male and female PSCs, and then performed high throughput scRNA-seq analysis of approximately 40 000 PSCs and cells within EBs. We found that EBs provided a niche for PGCLCs differentiation by secreting growth factors critical for PGCLC specification, such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), BMP4, and Wnt Family Member 3. Moreover, the developmental trajectory of PGCLCs was reconstituted, and gene expression dynamics were revealed. Our study outlines the roadmap of PGCLC specification from PSCs and provides insights that will improve the differentiation efficiency of PGCLCs from PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puyao Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sengren Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Bing Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Dexuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ahjol Hyraht
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Nianqin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Honglian Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weizhi Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Shihua Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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23
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Wei W, Li S, Hao E, Pan X, Xie J, Du Z, Hou X, Deng J. Rapid Chemical Profiling of Compound Huanggen Granules and Absorbed Prototypes in Cynomolgus Monkey Plasma by Integrating UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS E Method and Data Post-Processing Strategy. Curr Drug Metab 2022; 23:652-665. [PMID: 35980053 DOI: 10.2174/1389200223666220817112937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In this study, we aim to establish an integrated research strategy for the rapid chemical profiling of Compound Huanggen Granules (CHG) and absorbed prototypes in plasma by integrating the UHPLC-Q-TOF-MSE method and data post-processing strategy, to provide some valuable research basis for the further studies on the quality control, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of CHG. BACKGROUND Compound Huanggen Granules (CHG), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) hospital preparation, has long been used in clinical practice for the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis. However, due to the lack of in vitro chemical and in vivo metabolism studies, its pharmacodynamic material basis is still unrevealed. OBJECTIVE To simplify the mass data post-processing process and enhance the structural identification efficiency by reducing the possibility of false positive, and rapidly identify the absorbed prototypes in plasma after oral administration of CHG. METHODS An analytical strategy integrating ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupletime- of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MSE, E represents collision energy) method and data postprocessing strategy based on a self-built in-house components database was established and utilized for the rapid characterization of the multi-constituents of CHG and prototypes in cynomolgus monkey plasma after oral administration. RESULTS As a result, a total of 81 compounds, including 14 phenolic acids, 6 coumarins, 25 flavonoids, 5 anthraquinones, 5 phenylpropanoids, 15 triterpenoid saponins, and 11 others, were plausibly or unambiguously identified based on their accurate masses, and MS/MS fragment pathways analysis, and also by comparison of retention time and MS data with reference standards. In the in vivo study, according to the extracted ion chromatograms (EICs) of identified components, 34 absorbed prototypical components were rapidly identified in cynomolgus monkey plasma after oral administration. CONCLUSION It was demonstrated that the data post-processing strategy applied in this study could greatly simplify the data post-processing process and enhance the structural identification efficiency by reducing the possibility of false positives, and the results obtained might be helpful for further studies on the quality control, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of CHG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Siwei Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Erwei Hao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Xianglong Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Jinling Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Zhengcai Du
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Xiaotao Hou
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Jiagang Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
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24
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Li X, Li D, Biddle KE, Portugal SS, Li MR, Santos R, Burkhardt JE, Khan NK. Age- and sex-related changes in body weights and clinical pathology analytes in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca Fascicularis) of Mauritius origin. Vet Clin Pathol 2022; 51:356-375. [PMID: 35608195 PMCID: PMC9541124 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Clinical pathology and body weight information for the cynomolgus monkey in the literature is primarily derived from a small number of animals with limited age ranges, varying geographic origins, and mixed genders. Objectives This study aimed to summarize the age‐ and sex‐related changes in clinical pathology analytes and body weights in cynomolgus monkeys of Mauritian origin. Methods Pre‐study age and body weight data were reviewed in 1819 animals, and pre‐study hematologic, coagulation, and serum biochemical analytes were reviewed in 1664 animals. Results Body weights were statistically higher (P < 0.01) in males than females in all age groups (2–10 years). These measurements became prominent after 4 years of age and peaked at 7 to 8 years of age in both sexes. Sex‐related differences were noted in reticulocyte (RETIC) counts, creatinine, cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities. Age‐related differences were noted in RETIC and lymphocyte counts, creatinine, triglyceride, phosphorus, and globulin concentrations, and ALP and GGT activities. The youngest (2 to <3 year) age group had the fewest number of clinical pathologic analyte differences including ALP and GGT activity differences which occurred in all age groups from 2 to 10 years; they also had age‐related lower globulin concentrations. There were no age‐ or sex‐related differences in coagulation measurands. Conclusions Sexual dimorphism in body weight was apparent for all ages from 2 to 10 years of age. The only difference in clinical pathology analytes unique to the 2 to <3 years of age group were age‐related lower globulin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiantang Li
- Drug Safety Research & Development and Comparative Medicine. Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dingzhou Li
- Drug Safety Research & Development and Comparative Medicine. Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kathleen E Biddle
- Drug Safety Research & Development and Comparative Medicine. Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Susan S Portugal
- Drug Safety Research & Development and Comparative Medicine. Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mark R Li
- Drug Safety Research & Development and Comparative Medicine. Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rosemary Santos
- Drug Safety Research & Development and Comparative Medicine. Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - John E Burkhardt
- Drug Safety Research & Development and Comparative Medicine. Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nasir K Khan
- Drug Safety Research & Development and Comparative Medicine. Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
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25
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Zheng ZH, Tian Q, He JP, Yuan JL, Yang SH, Liu JL. Comparative transcriptome analysis of experimental cryptorchidism: Of mice and cynomolgus monkeys. Physiol Genomics 2022; 54:187-195. [PMID: 35468005 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00010.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In most mammalian species, the testis descends from the abdomen into the scrotum during fetal or neonatal life. The failure of testicular descent, a pathological condition known as cryptorchidism, has long been the subject of scientific interest in a wide range of fields, including medicine, developmental biology and evolutionary biology. In this study, we analyzed global gene expression changes associated with experimental cryptorchidism in mice by using RNA-seq. A total of 453 differentially expressed genes were identified, of which 236 genes were up-regulated and 217 genes were down-regulated. Gene ontology, pathway and gene network analysis highlighted the activation of inflammatory response in experimental cryptorchidism. By examining the promoter regions of differentially expressed genes, we identified 12 causal transcription factors. In addition, we also induced experimental cryptorchidism in two cynomolgus monkeys and performed RNA-seq. A cross-species comparison was performed at the gene expression level. Our study provides a valuable resource for further understanding molecular mechanisms of cryptorchidism in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Hong Zheng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Tian
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Peng He
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Li Yuan
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Hua Yang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Tsuji K, Nakamura S, Aoki T, Nozaki K. The cerebral artery in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Exp Anim 2022; 71:391-398. [PMID: 35444076 PMCID: PMC9388346 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.22-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral artery structure has not been extensively studied in primates. The aim of this study was to examine the cerebrovascular anatomy of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), which are one of the most commonly used primates in medical research on human diseases, such as cerebral infarction and subarachnoid hemorrhage. In this study, we investigated the anatomy and diameter of cerebral arteries from 48 cynomolgus monkey brain specimens. We found three anatomical differences in the vascular structure of this species compared to that in humans. First, the distal anterior cerebral artery is single. Second, the pattern in which both the anterior inferior cerebellar artery and posterior inferior cerebellar artery branch from the basilar artery is the most common. Third, the basilar artery has the largest diameter among the major arteries. We expect that this anatomical information will aid in furthering research on cerebrovascular disease using cynomolgus monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Tsuji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Shinichiro Nakamura
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science, Azabu University.,Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Tomohiro Aoki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Research Institute, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Kazuhiko Nozaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga University of Medical Science
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27
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Gao JM, Rao JH, Wei ZY, Xia SY, Huang L, Tang MT, Hide G, Zheng TT, Li JH, Zhao GA, Sun YX, Chen JH. Transplantation of Gut Microbiota From High-Fat-Diet-Tolerant Cynomolgus Monkeys Alleviates Hyperlipidemia and Hepatic Steatosis in Rats. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:876043. [PMID: 35401492 PMCID: PMC8990751 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.876043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has been reported to support the involvement of the gut microbiota in the host's blood lipid and hyperlipidemia (HLP). However, there remains unexplained variation in the host's blood lipid phenotype. Herein a nonhuman primate HLP model was established in cynomolgus monkeys fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 19 months. At month 19%, 60% (3/5) of the HFD monkeys developed HLP, but surprisingly 40% of them (2/5) exhibited strong tolerance to the HFD (HFD-T) with their blood lipid profiles returning to normal levels. Metagenomic analysis was used to investigate the compositional changes in the gut microbiota in these monkeys. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Megasphaera remarkably increased and became the dominant gut microbe in HFD-T monkeys. A validation experiment showed that transplantation of fecal microbiota from HFD-T monkeys reduced the blood lipid levels and hepatic steatosis in HLP rats. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Megasphaera significantly increased in rats receiving transplantation, confirming the successful colonization of the microbe in the host and its correlation with the change of the host's blood lipid profiles. Our results thus suggested a potentially pivotal lipid-lowering role of Megasphaera in the gut microbiota, which could contribute to the variation in the host's blood lipid phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Mei Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Jiangnan University and Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Hua Rao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Jiangnan University and Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wei
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Jiangnan University and Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shou-Yue Xia
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Jiangnan University and Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Jiangnan University and Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Tian Tang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Jiangnan University and Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Geoff Hide
- Biomedical Research Centre and Ecosystems and Environment Research Centre, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Ting-Ting Zheng
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Jiangnan University and Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jia-Huan Li
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Jiangnan University and Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guo-An Zhao
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Jiangnan University and Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yun-Xiao Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Jiangnan University and Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Huan Chen
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Jiangnan University and Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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28
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Greiter-Wilke A, Roberts S, Heinig K, Waiz D, Jenni R, Holzgrefe H. Nonclinical cardiovascular safety assessment of thioridazine: Impact of autonomic tone, body temperature, and choice of species. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2022; 115:107167. [PMID: 35301126 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2022.107167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pending updates to ICH S7B/E14 guidelines may enable the substitution of human TQT studies with concomitant negative hERG and non-rodent CV studies. This retrospective analysis compared the effects of thioridazine (THD) (5-20 mg/kg) on heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), body temperature (Tc), and QT in the dog (n = 6), cynomolgus monkey (n = 4), and Goettingen minipig (n = 4) with data from previously completed studies employing crossover designs. As QT measurements are confounded by HR and Tc changes, QT effects were individually corrected for changes in HR (QTca) and Tc (QTcaT). THD-induced hemodynamic changes seen in humans were most accurately reflected in the monkey and, to a lesser extent, the dog, but not in the minipig. The minipig was most sensitive to THD QTc effects. When QTca was adjusted for THD-associated Tc decreases in minipigs and monkeys, the minipig revealed a lessened but pronounced QTcaT increase (48 ms). In the monkey, a persistent QTca increase was reduced to only a transient (0.5-3 h) QTcaT increase (20 ms). The dog's lack of THD QTca effects triggered co-administration of atenolol (AT) to attenuate THD-induced HR increases in the dog and monkey. THD + AT revealed peak QTcaT increases of 32 ms in the dog and 40 ms in the monkey, suggesting potential autonomic nervous system (ANS) interference in detecting repolarization changes. These results highlight critical species-specific differences in the outcome of parallel safety investigations. Species selection for nonclinical safety studies should consider the potential impact of Tc and ANS effects to avoid false-negative or overly positive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Greiter-Wilke
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland..
| | - Sonia Roberts
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland..
| | - Katja Heinig
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland..
| | - David Waiz
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland..
| | - Roland Jenni
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland..
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29
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Buss N, Lanigan L, Zeller J, Cissell D, Metea M, Adams E, Higgins M, Kim KH, Budzynski E, Yang L, Liu Y, Butt M, Danos O, Fiscella M. Characterization of AAV-mediated dorsal root ganglionopathy. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 24:342-354. [PMID: 35229008 PMCID: PMC8851102 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies in non-human primates administered recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) have shown lesions in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of unknown pathogenesis. In this study, rAAV9s manufactured using different purification methods alongside a non-expressing Null AAV9 vector was administered to groups of cynomolgus monkeys followed by neuropathological evaluation after 4 weeks. Lesions, including neuronal degeneration, increased cellularity, and nerve fiber degeneration, were observed in the DRG, regardless of purification methods. Animals did not develop any neurological signs throughout the study, and there was no loss of function observed in neuro-electrophysiological endpoints or clear effects on intraepidermal nerve fiber density. However, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of animals with axonopathy showed an increase in short tau inversion recovery (STIR) intensity and decrease in fractional anisotropy. In animals administered the Null AAV9 vector, DRG lesions were not observed despite vector DNA being detected in the DRG at levels equivalent to or greater than rAAV9-treated animals. This study further supports that DRG toxicity is associated with transgene overexpression in DRGs, with particular sensitivity at the lumbar and lumbosacral level. The data from this study also showed that the nerve fiber degeneration did not correlate with any functional effect on nerve conduction but was detectable by MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Monica Metea
- Preclinical Electrophysiology Consulting, Mattapoisett, MA 02739, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Lin Yang
- REGENXBIO, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Ye Liu
- REGENXBIO, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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30
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Pouliot M, Bussiere J, Coppi A, Holbrook K, Shelton A, Sparapani S, Maher J, Zabka TS, Boulay E, Authier S. Polysorbate 80-Induced Anaphylactoid Reaction and the Effects on Cardiovascular Function: Dose Threshold and Species Comparison. Int J Toxicol 2022; 41:99-107. [PMID: 35245984 DOI: 10.1177/10915818211072780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Polysorbate 80 (PS80) is commonly used in pre-clinical formulations. The dose threshold for cardiovascular (CV) changes and hypersensitivity reaction in the dog was assessed and compared to other species. PS80 was administered by intravenous (IV) bolus (.5, 1 mg/kg), IV infusion (.3, .5, 1, 3 mg/kg), subcutaneous (SC) injection (5, 10, 15 mg/kg) and oral gavage (10 mg/kg) to dogs with CV monitoring. Monkeys and minipigs received PS80 by IV infusion at 3 mg/kg. Plasma histamine concentration was measured following PS80 IV infusion and with diphenhydramine pre-treatment in dogs only. In dogs, PS80 was not associated with CV changes at doses up to 15 mg/kg SC and 10 mg/kg oral, but decreased blood pressure and increased heart rate with IV bolus at ≥ .5 mg/kg and IV infusion at ≥ 1.0 mg/kg and decreased body temperature with IV infusion at 3 mg/kg was observed. Transient edema and erythema were noted with all administration routes, in all three species including doses that were devoid of CV effects. In monkeys and minipigs, PS80 did not induce CV, cutaneous or histamine concentration changes. These results suggest that mild, transient skin changes occur following PS80 administration at doses that are not associated with CV effects in the dogs. In dogs, the cardiovascular effect threshold was <.5 mg/kg for IV bolus, .3 mg/kg for IV infusion, 15 mg/kg for SC injection, and 10 mg/kg for oral administration. Monkey and minipig were refractory to PS80-induced histamine release at 3 mg/kg by IV infusion over 15 minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Pouliot
- Charles River Laboratories Montreal ULC, Laval, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Amy Shelton
- 7412Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Maher
- 7406Theravance Biopharma, Inc. South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Emmanuel Boulay
- Charles River Laboratories Montreal ULC, Laval, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Authier
- Charles River Laboratories Montreal ULC, Laval, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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Wang J, Zhu P, Pan X, Yang J, Wang S, Wang W, Li B, Zhu Z, Tang T, Chen D, Gao M, Zhou Z. Correlation between motor behavior and age-related intervertebral disc degeneration in cynomolgus monkeys. JOR Spine 2022; 5:e1183. [PMID: 35386757 PMCID: PMC8966873 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The motor behavior in patients with lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and animal models should be changed due to pain. However, there does not seem to be a strong correlation between IDD and motor behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the correlation between motor behavior and age‐related IDD. Methods Twenty‐one healthy male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) distributed across the age range were included in this study. The experimental animals were divided into two groups: caged group (n = 14) and free‐range group (n = 7). The data of IDD and motor behavior were obtained through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and PrimateScan Automatic Behavior Analysis System. More than 20 basic motor behaviors could be recorded and quantified, and then reclassified into 9 combined categories. We defined the sum of the duration of activity‐related combined categories as the total duration of activity in 3 hours. The activity zone of the cynomolgus monkeys in the cage could be divided into top and bottom zones. Analyze the correlation between motor behavior and IDD. Results Age was correlated with both Pfirrmann grades (r = .700; P < .001) and T2 values (r = −.369; P < .001). The T2 value in the caged group was 45.97 ± 8.35 ms, which was significantly lower than the 55.90 ± 8.73 ms in the free‐range group (P < .001). The mean T2 values were positively correlated with hanging duration (r = .548, P < .05), the total duration of activity (r = .496, P < .05), and top zone duration (r = .541, P < .05). Conclusions There is an interactional relationship between IDD and motor behavior. Motor behavior could be used as one of the diagnostic indicators of IDD. It could also be used to infer the presence or extent of IDD in animal models. Avoiding a sedentary lifestyle and engaging in exercise in daily life could alleviate IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen China
| | - Peixuan Zhu
- International Medical Center Foresea Life Insurance Guangzhou General Hospital Guangzhou China
| | - Ximin Pan
- Department of Radiology The Sixth Affiliated Hospital(Gastrointestinal Hospital), Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Radiology Longkou Second People's Hospital Yantai China
| | - Shijun Wang
- Department of the Joint and Bone Surgery Yantaishan Hospital Yantai China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen China
| | - Baoliang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen China
| | - Zhengya Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen China
| | - Dafu Chen
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Beijing Research Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital Beijing China
| | - Manman Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen China.,Department of Sport Medicine Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital Shenzhen China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
| | - Zhiyu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
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Duan K, Si CY, Zhao SM, Ai ZY, Niu BH, Yin Y, Xiang LF, Ding H, Zheng Y. The Long Terminal Repeats of ERV6 Are Activated in Pre-Implantation Embryos of Cynomolgus Monkey. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102710. [PMID: 34685690 PMCID: PMC8534818 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise gene regulation is critical during embryo development. Long terminal repeat elements (LTRs) of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are dynamically expressed in blastocysts of mammalian embryos. However, the expression pattern of LTRs in monkey blastocyst is still unknown. By single-cell RNA-sequencing (seq) data of cynomolgus monkeys, we found that LTRs of several ERV families, including MacERV6, MacERV3, MacERV2, MacERVK1, and MacERVK2, were highly expressed in pre-implantation embryo cells including epiblast (EPI), trophectoderm (TrB), and primitive endoderm (PrE), but were depleted in post-implantation. We knocked down MacERV6-LTR1a in cynomolgus monkeys with a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) strategy to examine the potential function of MacERV6-LTR1a in the early development of monkey embryos. The silence of MacERV6-LTR1a mainly postpones the differentiation of TrB, EPI, and PrE cells in embryos at day 7 compared to control. Moreover, we confirmed MacERV6-LTR1a could recruit Estrogen Related Receptor Beta (ESRRB), which plays an important role in the maintenance of self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic and trophoblast stem cells through different signaling pathways including FGF and Wnt signaling pathways. In summary, these results suggest that MacERV6-LTR1a is involved in gene regulation of the pre-implantation embryo of the cynomolgus monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Duan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (K.D.); (C.-Y.S.); (S.-M.Z.); (Z.-Y.A.); (B.-H.N.); (Y.Y.); (L.-F.X.); (H.D.)
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Provincial Academy of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chen-Yang Si
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (K.D.); (C.-Y.S.); (S.-M.Z.); (Z.-Y.A.); (B.-H.N.); (Y.Y.); (L.-F.X.); (H.D.)
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Provincial Academy of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shu-Mei Zhao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (K.D.); (C.-Y.S.); (S.-M.Z.); (Z.-Y.A.); (B.-H.N.); (Y.Y.); (L.-F.X.); (H.D.)
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Provincial Academy of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zong-Yong Ai
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (K.D.); (C.-Y.S.); (S.-M.Z.); (Z.-Y.A.); (B.-H.N.); (Y.Y.); (L.-F.X.); (H.D.)
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Provincial Academy of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bao-Hua Niu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (K.D.); (C.-Y.S.); (S.-M.Z.); (Z.-Y.A.); (B.-H.N.); (Y.Y.); (L.-F.X.); (H.D.)
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Provincial Academy of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yu Yin
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (K.D.); (C.-Y.S.); (S.-M.Z.); (Z.-Y.A.); (B.-H.N.); (Y.Y.); (L.-F.X.); (H.D.)
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Provincial Academy of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Li-Feng Xiang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (K.D.); (C.-Y.S.); (S.-M.Z.); (Z.-Y.A.); (B.-H.N.); (Y.Y.); (L.-F.X.); (H.D.)
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Provincial Academy of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (K.D.); (C.-Y.S.); (S.-M.Z.); (Z.-Y.A.); (B.-H.N.); (Y.Y.); (L.-F.X.); (H.D.)
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Provincial Academy of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yun Zheng
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (K.D.); (C.-Y.S.); (S.-M.Z.); (Z.-Y.A.); (B.-H.N.); (Y.Y.); (L.-F.X.); (H.D.)
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Provincial Academy of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Correspondence:
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Khetarpal V, Herbst T, Shefchek D, Ash S, Fitzsimmons M, Gohdes M, Munoz-Sanjuan I, Dominguez C. Pharmacokinetics and metabolic disposition of a potent and selective kynurenine monooxygenase inhibitor, CHDI-340246, in laboratory animals. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:1155-1180. [PMID: 34496722 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1977868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The disposition of a novel kynurenine monooxygenase inhibitor, CHDI-340246, was investigated in vitro and in animals.In vitro, there was minimal metabolic turnover of CHDI-340246 in all species. The protein binding was higher in human plasma (99.7%) relative to other species.In all species, blood clearance was low (<20% of liver blood flow) and volume of distribution was small (<0.5 L/kg). The terminal half-life was longer in monkeys (9 hr) than in mice, rats, or dogs (1-2 hr). CHDI-340246 was orally bioavailable (>60%) in all species.In rats, [14C]CHDI-340246 showed wide distribution of radioactivity in all tissues except brain and testes. In rats, the parent drug was the major circulating moiety with minor amounts of a sulphate conjugate of an O-dealkylated metabolite. The elimination occurred via the urinary route and to a lesser extent by biliary route, but mostly as metabolites. In cynomolgus monkeys, the parent drug predominated in plasma with only trace amounts of metabolites detected.Acyl glucuronide conjugate of CHDI-340246 was not detected in plasma of rats or monkeys.Overall, the ADME profile of CHDI-340246 was favourable in rats and monkeys for potential evaluation of KMO inhibition in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Todd Herbst
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Steven Ash
- Covance Laboratories Inc, Madison, WI, USA
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Jäckel S, Pipp FC, Emde B, Weigt S, Vigna E, Hanschke B, Kasper L, Siddharta A, Hellmann J, Czasch S, Schmitt MW. L-citrulline: A preclinical safety biomarker for the small intestine in rats and dogs in repeat dose toxicity studies. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2021; 111:107110. [PMID: 34411739 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2021.107110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity is still an issue within drug development, especially for novel oncology drugs. The identification of GI mucosal damage at an early stage with high sensitivity and specificity across preclinical species and humans remains difficult. To date, in preclinical studies, no qualified mechanistic, diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers exist for GI mucosal toxicity. L-citrulline is one of the most promising biomarker candidates used in clinical settings to quantify enterocyte integrity in various small intestinal diseases. L-citrulline is an intermediate metabolic amino acid produced mainly by functional enterocytes of the small intestine, whereby enterocyte loss will cause a drop in circulating L-citrulline. METHODS In several repeat-dose toxicity studies, plasma L-citrulline has been evaluated as a potential safety biomarker for intestinal toxicity in beagle dogs and Wistar (Han) rats treated with different oncological drug candidates in drug development. Clinical observations and body weight determinations were performed during the pretreatment, treatment and treatment-free recovery period as well as toxicokinetic, gross and histopathology examinations. The quantitative determination of plasma L-citrulline levels during the pretreatment (only dogs), treatment and treatment-free recovery period were performed using an HPLC MS/MS assay. In cynomolgus monkeys, the first investigations on baseline L-citrulline levels were performed. RESULTS In dogs, a dose- and exposure-dependent decrease of up to 50% in plasma L-citrulline was seen without histopathological alterations. However, a decrease of more than 50% in comparison to the individual animal pretreatment value of L-citrulline correlated very well with histopathological findings (intestinal crypt necrosis, villus atrophy, enterocyte loss) and clinical signs (bloody faeces and diarrhoea). During a treatment-free recovery period, a trend of increasing levels was observed in dogs. In rats, absolute L-citrulline plasma levels of treated animals decreased compared to the values of the concurrent control group. This decrease also correlated with the histopathological findings in the small intestine (single cell necrosis and mucosa atrophy). Because of a large physiological variation in L-citrulline plasma levels in dogs and rats, a clear cut-off value for absolute L-citrulline levels predictive of intestinal mucosal toxicity was difficult to establish. However, a > 50% decrease in L-citrulline plasma levels during the treatment period strongly correlated with histopathological findings. DISCUSSION Based on the performed analysis, a longitudinal investigation of L-citrulline plasma levels for individual animals in the control and treatment groups is essential and pretreatment values of L-citrulline levels in rodents would be highly informative. Overall, further cross-species comparison (Cynomolgus monkey, mouse) and implementation in clinical trials as exploratory biomarker is essential to foster the hypothesis and to understand completely the clinical relevance of L-citrulline as a small intestine biomarker.
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Goto A, Sakamoto K, Kambayashi R, Nunoi Y, Izumi-Nakaseko H, Kawai S, Takei Y, Matsumoto A, Kanda Y, Sugiyama A. Torsadogenic Action of Cisapride, dl-Sotalol, Bepridil, and Verapamil Analyzed by the Chronic Atrioventricular Block Cynomolgus Monkeys: Comparison With That Reported in the CiPA In Silico Mechanistic Model. Toxicol Sci 2021; 181:125-133. [PMID: 33544870 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to bridge the gap of information between the in silico model and human subjects, we evaluated torsadogenic risk of cisapride, dl-sotalol, bepridil and verapamil selected from 12 training compounds in the comprehensive in vitro proarrhythmia assay using the chronic atrioventricular block monkeys. Cisapride (0, 1, and 5 mg/kg, n = 5 for each dose), dl-sotalol (0, 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg, n = 5 for each dose), bepridil (0, 10, and 100 mg/kg, n = 4 for each dose), verapamil (0, 1.5, 15, and 75 mg/kg, n = 4 for each dose) were orally administered to the monkeys in conscious state. Five mg/kg of cisapride, 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg of dl-sotalol and 100 mg/kg of bepridil prolonged ΔΔQTcF, which was not observed by verapamil. Torsade de pointes was induced by 5 mg/kg of cisapride in 2 out of 5 animals, by 10 mg/kg of dl-sotalol in 5 out of 5 and by 100 mg/kg of bepridil in 2 out of 4, which was not induced by verapamil. These torsadogenic doses were normalized by their maximum clinical daily ones to estimate torsadogenic risk. The order of risk was dl-sotalol >bepridil ≥cisapride >verapamil in our study. Since the order was bepridil ≥dl-sotalol >cisapride >verapamil in comprehensive in vitro proarrhythmia assay (CiPA) in silico mechanistic model validation, sympathetic regulation on the heart may play a pivotal role in the onset of torsade de pointes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Goto
- Department of Pharmacology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Kengo Sakamoto
- Safety Research Center Ina Research Inc., Ina-shi, Nagano 399-4501, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Kambayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Yoshio Nunoi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Hiroko Izumi-Nakaseko
- Department of Pharmacology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kawai
- Department of Inflammation & Pain Control Research, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takei
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Akio Matsumoto
- Department of Aging Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Yasunari Kanda
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sugiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.,Department of Inflammation & Pain Control Research, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.,Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.,Department of Aging Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
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Hayashi K, Nakayama M, Iwatani C, Tsuchiya H, Nakamura S, Nonoguchi K, Itoh Y, Tsuji S, Ishigaki H, Mori T, Murakami T, Ogasawara K. The Natural History of Spontaneously Occurred Endometriosis in Cynomolgus Monkeys by Monthly Follow-Up Laparoscopy for Two Years. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2021; 251:241-253. [PMID: 32713879 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.251.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis, a disease in which endometrial tissue proliferates outside the uterus, is a progressive disease that affects women in reproductive age. It causes abdominal pain and infertility that severely affects the quality of life in young women. The mechanism of the onset and development of endometriosis has not been fully elucidated because of the complex mechanism involved in the disease. Nonhuman primates have been used to study the pathogenesis of spontaneous endometriosis because of their gynecological and anatomical similarities to humans. To reveal the natural history of endometriosis in cynomolgus monkeys, we selected 11 female cynomolgus monkeys with spontaneous endometriosis and performed monthly laparoscopies, mapping endometriotic lesions and adhesions up to two years. At the initial laparoscopy, endometriotic lesions were exclusively found in the vesicouterine pouch in 45.4% (5/11) of the monkeys and spread to the Douglas' pouch over time. Appearance of small de novo lesions and disappearance of some of the small lesions were observed in 100% (11/11) and 18.2% (2/11) of the monkeys, respectively. Endometriosis developed in all monkeys, and the speed of progression varied greatly among individuals that could be attributed to the degree or frequency of retrograde menstruation and genetic factors; these findings support the similarities between humans and monkeys, thus verifying the value of this nonhuman primate model. Finding reliable quantification markers and unravelling the underlying factors in correlation with the spatiotemporal development of the disease using a nonhuman primate model would be useful for the better management of endometriosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Hayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Misako Nakayama
- Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Chizuru Iwatani
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Hideaki Tsuchiya
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Shinichiro Nakamura
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | | | - Yasushi Itoh
- Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Shunichiro Tsuji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | | | - Takahide Mori
- Academia for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, Doujin Hospital
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science
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Ishida K, Werner JA, Lafleur M, Wisler J, Wannberg S, Kalanzi J, Bussiere JL, Monticello TM. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase δ-Specific Inhibitor-Induced Changes in the Ovary and Testis in the Sprague Dawley Rat and Cynomolgus Monkey. Int J Toxicol 2021; 40:344-354. [PMID: 33866838 DOI: 10.1177/10915818211008175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) δ is a lipid kinase primarily found in leukocytes, which regulates important cell functions. AMG2519493 was a PI3K δ-specific inhibitor in development for treatment of various inflammatory diseases. AMG2519493-related changes in the male and/or female reproductive organs were observed in the 1- and 3-month oral repeat dose toxicology studies in the rat and cynomolgus monkey. Hemorrhagic corpora lutea cysts and increased incidence of corpora lutea cysts without hemorrhage were observed in the ovaries at supra pharmacological doses in the rat. A decrease in seminiferous germ cells in the testis, indicative of spermatogenesis maturation arrest, was observed in both the rat and cynomolgus monkey. Although the characteristics were comparable, the drug systemic exposures associated with the testicular changes were very different between the 2 species. In the rat, the testicular change was only observed at supra pharmacologic exposure. Isotype assessment of PI3K signaling in rat spermatogonia in vitro indicated a role for PI3K β, but not δ, in the c Kit/PI3K/protein kinase B signaling pathway. Therefore, changes in both the ovary and testis of the rat were considered due to off target effect as they only occurred at suprapharmacologic exposure. In contrast, the testicular changes in the cynomolgus monkey (decrease in seminiferous germ cells) occurred at very low doses associated with PI3K δ-specific inhibition, indicating that the PI3K δ isoform may be important in spermatogenesis maturation in the cynomolgus monkey. Our results suggest species-related differences in PI3K isoform-specific control on reproductive organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John Wisler
- 7129Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
- 328878AnaptysBio Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
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Nagayasu M, Ozeki K. Combination of cassette-dosing and microsampling for reduced animal usage for antibody pharmacokinetics in cynomolgus monkeys, wild-type mice, and human FcRn transgenic mice. Pharm Res 2021; 38:583-592. [PMID: 33782838 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to develop a useful antibody PK evaluation tool using a combination of cassette-dosing and microsampling in mice and monkeys in order to reduce the number of animals used. METHODS Cetuximab, denosumab, infliximab, and a mixture of the three antibodies, i.e., cassette-dosing, were administered intravenously to cynomolgus monkeys, C57BL/6J mice, and homozygous human neonatal Fc-receptor transgenic (Tg32) mice. Mouse blood was collected from one animal continuously via the jugular vein at nine points. RESULTS In cynomolgus monkeys, infliximab showed faster elimination in the cassette-dosing group than in the single-dose group. Anti-drug antibody production was observed, but the PK parameters of the clearance and distribution volume were similar in both groups. In C57BL/6J and Tg32 mice, each of the plasma concentrations-time profiles after cassette-dosing were similar to those after single dosing. PK evaluation using a combination of cassette-dosing and microsampling in mice may reduce the number of mice used by approximately 90% compared with the conventional method. CONCLUSIONS The combination of antibody cassette-dosing and microsampling is a promising PK evaluation method as a high-throughput and reliable with reduced numbers of mice and cynomolgus monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Nagayasu
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Ozeki
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan.
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Sun S, Jiang H, Li Q, Liu Y, Gao Q, Liu W, Qin Y, Feng Y, Peng X, Xu G, Shen Q, Fan X, Ding J, Zhu L. Safety and Transcriptome Analysis of Live Attenuated Brucella Vaccine Strain S2 on Non-pregnant Cynomolgus Monkeys Without Abortive Effect on Pregnant Cynomolgus Monkeys. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:641022. [PMID: 33768120 PMCID: PMC7985263 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.641022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis, caused by Brucella spp., is an important zoonotic disease leading to enormous economic losses in livestock, posing a great threat to public health worldwide. The live attenuated Brucella suis (B. suis) strain S2, a safe and effective vaccine, is widely used in animals in China. However, S2 vaccination in animals may raise debates and concerns in terms of safety to primates, particularly humans. In this study, we used cynomolgus monkey as an animal model to evaluate the safety of the S2 vaccine strain on primates. In addition, we performed transcriptome analysis to determine gene expression profiling on cynomolgus monkeys immunized with the S2 vaccine. Our results suggested that the S2 vaccine was safe for cynomolgus monkeys. The transcriptome analysis identified 663 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 348 were significantly upregulated and 315 were remarkably downregulated. The Gene Ontology (GO) classification and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated that these DEGs were involved in various biological processes (BPs), including the chemokine signaling pathway, actin cytoskeleton regulation, the defense response, immune system processing, and the type-I interferon signaling pathway. The molecular functions of the DEGs were mainly comprised of 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity, double-stranded RNA binding, and actin-binding. Moreover, the cellular components of these DEGs included integrin complex, myosin II complex, and blood microparticle. Our findings alleviate the concerns over the safety of the S2 vaccine on primates and provide a genetic basis for the response from a mammalian host following vaccination with the S2 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijing Sun
- National/OIE Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control (IVDC), Beijing, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- National/OIE Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control (IVDC), Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoling Li
- National/OIE Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control (IVDC), Beijing, China
| | - Yufu Liu
- National/OIE Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control (IVDC), Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- National/OIE Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control (IVDC), Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuming Qin
- National/OIE Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control (IVDC), Beijing, China
| | - Yu Feng
- National/OIE Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control (IVDC), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Peng
- National/OIE Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control (IVDC), Beijing, China
| | - Guanlong Xu
- National/OIE Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control (IVDC), Beijing, China
| | - Qingchun Shen
- National/OIE Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control (IVDC), Beijing, China
| | - Xuezheng Fan
- National/OIE Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control (IVDC), Beijing, China
| | - Jiabo Ding
- National/OIE Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control (IVDC), Beijing, China
| | - Liangquan Zhu
- National/OIE Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control (IVDC), Beijing, China
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40
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Sekiya A, Kawasako K, Doi T. Vascular smooth muscle lipofuscinosis occurring predominantly in veins of a cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:469-472. [PMID: 33504720 PMCID: PMC8025426 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 6-year-old male cynomolgus monkey showed chronic wasting. No gross abnormalities were observed in necropsy except for changes secondary to wasting. Microscopic examination revealed pigment granules deposition in systemic smooth muscles. They were observed as brown or basophilic in hematoxylin and eosin stain, and were positive for periodic acid-Schiff, Schmorl and Ziehl-Neelsen. Ultrastructurally, they consisted of residual bodies surrounded with varying amounts of solitary ribosomes. Thus, these granules were considered as lipofuscin. Unlike brown bowel syndrome in humans, the pigment granules were distributed systemically not only in the digestive tract but also in the blood vessels predominantly in the veins. To our knowledge, this is the first report on vascular smooth muscle lipofuscinosis occurring predominantly in the veins of primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Sekiya
- Pathology Department, Kashima Laboratory, Nonclinical Research Center, LSI Medience Corporation, 14-1 Sunayama, Kamisu, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Kawasako
- Pathology Department, Kashima Laboratory, Nonclinical Research Center, LSI Medience Corporation, 14-1 Sunayama, Kamisu, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
| | - Takuya Doi
- Pathology Department, Kashima Laboratory, Nonclinical Research Center, LSI Medience Corporation, 14-1 Sunayama, Kamisu, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan.,Current affiliation: Pathology Department, Kashima Laboratories, LSIM Safety institute Corporation, 14-1 Sunayama, Kamisu, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
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41
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Inagaki S, Shimazawa M, Hamaguchi K, Otsu W, Araki T, Sasaki Y, Numata Y, Tsusaki H, Hara H. Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Antibody Limits the Vascular Leakage and Decreases Subretinal Fibrosis in a Cynomolgus Monkey Choroidal Neovascularization Model. Curr Neurovasc Res 2020; 17:420-428. [PMID: 32445455 DOI: 10.2174/1567202617666200523163636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody (bevacizumab) on vascular leakage and fibrosis in a monkey choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model. The relationship between fibrotic tissue and subretinal hyper-reflective material (SHRM), in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images, was also investigated. METHODS Experimental CNV was induced in male cynomolgus monkeys by laser photocoagulation. Intravitreal injection of bevacizumab at 0.5 mg/eye/dosing was initiated 2 weeks before or after laser irradiation and thereafter, conducted intermittently at 2- or 3-week intervals. Fluorescein fundus angiography (FA) and OCT imaging were conducted weekly from 2 to 7 weeks after laser irradiation. CNV leakage was evaluated by an established grading method using FA images. To assess the fibrosis and scarring, Masson's trichrome specimens of each CNV lesion were prepared, and morphometric analysis was conducted using an image analysis software. RESULTS The effects of bevacizumab on vascular leakage were shown using an established evaluation method. Morphometric analysis of Masson's trichrome-stained (MT) specimens revealed that collagen fiber synthesis was suppressed by bevacizumab pre-treatment (-29.2%) or post-treatment (-19.2%). SHRM was detected in OCT images in a monkey CNV model, and a significant correlation between the SHRM area in the OCT images and the collagen fiber area in the MT specimens was noted. CONCLUSION In the established cynomolgus monkey CNV model, bevacizumab prevented blood leakage but could not completely suppress fibrosis. SHRM in the OCT images reflected retinal fibrous tissue in a laser-induced CNV monkey model. This model might be useful for elucidating the pathology and development therapy for neovascularization or fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Inagaki
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Koji Hamaguchi
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Ltd. Drug Safety Research Laboratories (SNBL DSR), Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Wataru Otsu
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Araki
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Ltd. Drug Safety Research Laboratories (SNBL DSR), Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Sasaki
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Ltd. Drug Safety Research Laboratories (SNBL DSR), Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yosuke Numata
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Ltd. Drug Safety Research Laboratories (SNBL DSR), Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hideshi Tsusaki
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
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Andaya R, Booler H, Nagata DDA, Lawson C, Vogt J, Schuetz C, Chang DP, Bantseev V. Intravitreal Administration of Acetyl Triethyl Citrate and Benzyl Benzoate Is Retinotoxic in Rabbits but Not in Cynomolgus Monkeys. Toxicol Pathol 2020; 49:621-633. [PMID: 33252011 DOI: 10.1177/0192623320971571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sustained drug delivery formulations are developed to reduce dose frequency while maintaining efficacy of intravitreal (ITV) administered therapeutics. Available safety data for components novel to the eye's posterior segment may be limited, requiring preclinical assessments to identify potential toxicities. We evaluated the in vivo and in vitro safety of two solvents, acetyl triethyl citrate (ATEC) and benzyl benzoate (BB), as novel sustained delivery formulations for ITV administration. In vivo tolerability was assessed following ITV administration of ATEC and BB to rabbits and cynomolgus monkeys. In rabbits, ITV solvent administration resulted in moderate to severe retinal toxicity characterized by focal retinal necrosis and/or degeneration, sometimes accompanied by inflammation, with a clear association between the physical presence of the solvent and areas of retinal damage. In contrast, solvent administration in monkeys appeared well tolerated, producing no histologic abnormalities. Toxicity in primary human retinal pigment epithelial cells, characterized by cellular toxicity and mitochondrial injury, corroborated the retinal toxicity in rabbits. In conclusion, ITV solvent depots of ATEC or BB result in chemical and focal retinal toxicity in rabbits, but not monkeys. Additional investigation is needed to demonstrate a sufficient margin of safety prior to use of ATEC or BB in ITV drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Andaya
- Department of Safety Assessment, 7412Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Helen Booler
- Department of Safety Assessment, 7412Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Chris Lawson
- Department of Safety Assessment, 7412Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Vogt
- Department of Safety Assessment, 7412Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chris Schuetz
- Department of Safety Assessment, 7412Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Debby P Chang
- Department of Drug Delivery, 7412Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vladimir Bantseev
- Department of Safety Assessment, 7412Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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43
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Toda A, Shimizu M, Uehara S, Sasaki T, Miura T, Mogi M, Utoh M, Suemizu H, Yamazaki H. Plasma and hepatic concentrations of acetaminophen and its primary conjugates after oral administrations determined in experimental animals and humans and extrapolated by pharmacokinetic modeling. Xenobiotica 2020; 51:316-323. [PMID: 33179995 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1849872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plasma concentrations of acetaminophen, its glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, and cysteinyl acetaminophen were experimentally determined after oral administrations of 10 mg/kg in humanised-liver mice, control mice, rats, common marmosets, cynomolgus monkeys, and minipigs; the results were compared with reported human pharmacokinetic data. Among the animals tested, only rats predominantly converted acetaminophen to sulfate conjugates, rather than glucuronide conjugates. In contrast, the values of area under the plasma concentration curves of acetaminophen, its glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, and cysteinyl acetaminophen after oral administration of acetaminophen in marmosets and minipigs were consistent with those reported in humans under the present conditions. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models (consisting of the gut, liver, and central compartments) for acetaminophen and its primary metabolite could reproduce and estimate, respectively, the plasma and hepatic concentrations of acetaminophen in experimental animals and humans after single virtual oral doses. The values of area under the curves of hepatic concentrations of acetaminophen estimated using PBPK models were correlated with the measured levels of cysteinyl acetaminophen (a deactivated metabolite) in plasma fractions in these species. Consequently, using simple PBPK models and plasma data to predict hepatic chemical concentrations after oral doses could be helpful as an indicator of in vivo possible hepatotoxicity of chemicals such as acetaminophen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Toda
- Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Wakayama , Japan
| | - Makiko Shimizu
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shotaro Uehara
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University , Tokyo , Japan.,Laboratory Animal Research Department, Central Institute for Experimental Animals , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Tatsuro Sasaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Tomonori Miura
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Masayuki Mogi
- Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Wakayama , Japan.,Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Masahiro Utoh
- Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Wakayama , Japan.,Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University , Tokyo , Japan.,Scientific Affairs Division, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suemizu
- Laboratory Animal Research Department, Central Institute for Experimental Animals , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University , Tokyo , Japan
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Gregori M, Naylor SW, Freke MC, Chamanza R, Piaia A, Hall AP. Multisite Analysis of Lesions in the Respiratory Tract of the Rat and Nonhuman Primate ( Cynomolgus Monkey) Exposed to Air, Vehicle, and Inhaled Small Molecule Compounds. Toxicol Pathol 2020; 49:349-369. [PMID: 33167784 DOI: 10.1177/0192623320953839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a review of the nature, range, and incidences of background pathology findings in the respiratory tract of cynomolgus monkeys and rats. Data were collected from 81 inhalation studies and 133 non-inhalation studies evaluated at 3 geographically distinct contract research organization facilities. The inhalation studies were comprised of 44 different small molecule pharmaceuticals or chemicals which were also analyzed in order to understand the patterns of induced changes within the respiratory tract. The lung was the most frequently affected organ in both species, with increased alveolar macrophages being the most common background and test article-related finding. In the upper respiratory tract (URT), inflammatory cell infiltrates were the most common background findings in the nasal cavity in monkeys. Induced URT findings were more frequent in rats than monkeys, with squamous metaplasia in the larynx, and goblet cell hyperplasia in the nasal cavity being the most common. Overall, the data revealed a limited pattern of response to inhaled molecules in the respiratory tract, with background and test article-related findings often occurring in the same regions. It is hoped that these data will assist in the interpretation of findings in the respiratory tract induced by novel inhaled small molecule entities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark C Freke
- 70294Charles River Laboratories, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ronnie Chamanza
- Nonclinical Safety, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
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Kumagai K, Aida T, Tsuchiya Y, Kishino Y, Kai K, Mori K. Interstitial pneumonitis related to trastuzumab deruxtecan, a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-targeting Ab-drug conjugate, in monkeys. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:4636-4645. [PMID: 33051938 PMCID: PMC7734153 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T‐DXd: DS‐8201a) is an anti‐human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) Ab–drug conjugated with deruxtecan (DXd), a derivative of exatecan. The objective of this study was to characterize T‐DXd‐induced lung toxicity in cynomolgus monkeys. Trastuzumab deruxtecan was injected i.v. into monkeys once every 3 weeks for 6 weeks (10, 30, and 78.8 mg/kg) or for 3 months (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg). To evaluate the involvement of DXd alone in T‐DXd‐induced toxicity, DXd monohydrate was given i.v. to monkeys once a week for 4 weeks (1, 3, and 12 mg/kg). Interstitial pneumonitis was observed in monkeys given T‐DXd at 30 mg/kg or more. The histopathological features of diffuse lymphocytic infiltrates and slight fibrosis were similar to interstitial lung diseases (ILD)/pneumonitis related to anticancer drugs in patients, with an incidence that was dose‐dependent and dose‐frequency‐dependent. Monkeys receiving DXd monohydrate did not suffer lung toxicity, although the DXd exposure level was higher than that of DXd in the monkeys given T‐DXd. The HER2 expression in monkey lungs was limited to the bronchial level, although the lesions were found at the alveolar level. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that T‐DXd localization was mainly in alveolar macrophages, but not pulmonary epithelial cells. These findings indicate that monkeys are an appropriate model for investigating T‐DXd‐related ILD/pneumonitis. The results are also valuable for hypothesis generation regarding the possible mechanism of T‐DXd‐induced ILD/pneumonitis in which target‐independent uptake of T‐DXd into alveolar macrophages could be involved. Further evaluation is necessary to clarify the mechanism of ILD/pneumonitis in patients with T‐DXd therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Kumagai
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Aida
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology and Translational Sciences, Daiichi Sankyo, Inc, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Tsuchiya
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Kishino
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Kai
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Mori
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
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Nakachi Y, Ishii K, Bundo M, Masuda T, Iwamoto K. Use of the Illumina EPIC methylation array for epigenomic research in the crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis). Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2020; 40:423-426. [PMID: 33037870 PMCID: PMC7722662 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Commercially available Illumina DNA methylation arrays (HumanMethylation 27K, HumanMethylation450, and MethylationEPIC BeadChip) can be used for comprehensive DNA methylation analyses of not only the human genome but also other mammalian genomes, ranging from those of nonhuman primates to those of rodents. However, practical application of the EPIC array to the crab‐eating macaque has not been reported. Methods Through bioinformatic analyses involving cross‐species comparison and consideration of probe performance, we selected array probes that can be reliably used for the crab‐eating macaque genome. A DNA methylation assay using an EPIC array was performed on genomic DNA extracted from the brains of five crab‐eating macaques. The obtained DNA methylation data were compared with a publicly available dataset. Results Among the 865 918 probes in the EPIC array, a total of 183 509 probes (21.2%) were selected as high‐confidence array probes in the crab‐eating macaque. Subsequent comparisons revealed that the data from these probes showed good concordance with other DNA methylation datasets of the crab‐eating macaque. Conclusion The selected high‐confidence array probes would be useful for high‐throughput DNA methylation assays of the crab‐eating macaque. Epigenetic research in the non‐human primates, such as crab‐eating macaque, will be important to understand the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Among the methylation array probes for human genome, the probes that can reliably measure DNA methylation levels of the crab‐eating macaque are reported.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Nakachi
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ishii
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Miki Bundo
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Masuda
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuya Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Obert LA, Suttie A, Abdi M, Gales T, Dwyer D, Fritz W, Robertson N, Weir L, Frazier K. Congenital Unilateral Renal Aplasia in a Cynomolgus Monkey ( Macaca fascicularis) With Investigation Into Potential Pathogenesis. Toxicol Pathol 2020; 48:766-783. [PMID: 32815469 DOI: 10.1177/0192623320941834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We describe and characterize unilateral renal aplasia in a cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) from a chronic toxicology study adding to the limited histopathology reports of congenital renal anomalies in macaques. In the current case, the affected kidney was macroscopically small and characterized microscopically by a thin cortex with an underdeveloped medulla and an absent papilla. The remnant medulla lacked a corticomedullary junction and contained only a few irregular collecting duct-like structures. The cortex had extensive interstitial mature collagen deposition with fibromuscular collar formation around Bowman's capsules. Due to parenchymal collapse, mature glomeruli were condensed together with occasional atrophic and sclerotic glomeruli. The majority of the cortical tubules were poorly differentiated with only small islands of fully developed cortical tubules present. Histochemical and immunohistochemical stains were utilized to demonstrate key diagnostic features of this congenital defect, to assist with differentiating it from renal dysplasia, and to provide potential mechanistic pathways. Immunostaining (S100, paired box gene 2 [PAX2], aquaporins) of the medulla was compatible with incomplete maturation associated with aplasia, while the immunostaining profile for the cortex (vimentin, calbindin, PAX2-positive cortical tubules, and smooth muscle actin-positive fibromuscular collars) was most compatible with dedifferentiation secondary to degenerative changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wayne Fritz
- 201915Covance Laboratories Inc., Madison, WI, USA
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Abstract
Selective chemonucleolytic effects of condoliase, a glycosaminoglycan degrading enzyme, was investigated histopathologically in cynomolgus monkeys. Condoliase was administered once into the lumber intervertebral disc (IVD), and as a comparative control, chymopapain, a proteolytic enzyme, was administered in a similar manner. Histopathological changes of the IVD and the adjacent vertebral body (VB) were examined at 1 to 26 weeks after administration. Major changes induced by condoliase in the IVD were degenerative and necrotic changes in the nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, cartilaginous endplate (CEP), and epiphyseal growth plate (EGP); focal disappearance of the EGP; and neovascularization and ossification of the CEP. Decreased/necrosis of bone marrow cells with new bone formation was observed in the VB. Cellular regeneration in the IVD was observed as a recovery changes on and after week 4. The changes in the IVD and VB subsided at week 26. Chymopapain induced qualitatively similar but more widely extended changes. The degrees of the changes in the IVD and VB were more severe than those of condoliase, and the changes were exacerbated even at week 26. These results indicated that histopathological changes caused by condoliase were less severe and more selective than those by chymopapain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Muramatsu
- Safety & Pharmacokinetics, Central Research Laboratory, Research & Development, Seikagaku Corporation, Higashiyamato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yamaguchi
- Safety & Pharmacokinetics, Central Research Laboratory, Research & Development, Seikagaku Corporation, Higashiyamato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Minamisawa
- Safety & Pharmacokinetics, Central Research Laboratory, Research & Development, Seikagaku Corporation, Higashiyamato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aisuke Nii
- Safety & Pharmacokinetics, Central Research Laboratory, Research & Development, Seikagaku Corporation, Higashiyamato, Tokyo, Japan
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49
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Jia H, Cai Z, Holden D, He Y, Lin SF, Li S, Baum E, Shirali A, Kapinos M, Gao H, Ropchan J, Huang Y. Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Evaluation of a Novel 18F-Labeled Sigma-1 Receptor Radioligand in Cynomolgus Monkeys. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1673-1681. [PMID: 32356969 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a convenient radiosynthesis and the first positron emission tomography (PET) imaging evaluation of [18F]FBFP as a potent sigma-1 (σ1) receptor radioligand with advantageous characteristics. [18F]FBFP was synthesized in one step from an iodonium ylide precursor. In cynomolgus monkeys, [18F]FBFP displayed high brain uptake and suitable tissue kinetics for quantitative analysis. It exhibited heterogeneous distribution with higher regional volume of distribution (VT) values in the amygdala, hippocampus, insula, and frontal cortex. Pretreatment with the σ1 receptor agonist SA4503 (0.5 mg/kg) significantly reduced radioligand uptake in the monkey brain (>95%), indicating high binding specificity of [18F]FBFP in vivo. Compared with (S)-[18F]fluspidine, [18F]FBFP possessed higher regional nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) values across the brain regions. These findings demonstrate that [18F]FBFP is a highly promising PET radioligand for imaging and quantification of σ1 receptors in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhengxin Cai
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Daniel Holden
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Yingfang He
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shu-Fei Lin
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Songye Li
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Evan Baum
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Anupama Shirali
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Michael Kapinos
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Hong Gao
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jim Ropchan
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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Wada S, Koyama H, Yamashita K. Sedative and physiological effects of alfaxalone intramuscular administration in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1021-1029. [PMID: 32461537 PMCID: PMC7399308 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the sedative and physiological effects of alfaxalone intramuscular (IM) administration, 12 healthy cynomolgus monkeys were administered single IM doses of alfaxalone
at 0.625 mg/kg (ALFX0.625), 1.25 mg/kg (ALFX1.25), 2.5 mg/kg (ALFX2.5), 5 mg/kg (ALFX5), 7.5 mg/kg (ALFX7.5), or 10 mg/kg (ALFX10); saline was used as the control (CONT). The
sedative effects were subjectively evaluated using a composite measure scoring system in six animals. Changes in respiratory rate, pulse rate, non-invasive blood pressure,
percutaneous oxygen-hemoglobin saturation (SpO2), and rectal temperature were observed after IM treatments in the other six animals. All animals were allowed to lay down
following the ALFX5, ALFX7.5, and ALFX10 treatments, whereas lateral recumbency was achieved in only two animals after ALFX2.5 treatment and none after the CONT, ALFX 0.625, and
ALFX1.25 treatments. The median time (interquartile range) to lateral recumbency was 6.5 min (5.3–7.8), 4.0 min (4.0–4.0), and 3.0 min (3.0–3.8), and the duration of immobilization
was 27.5 min (19.0–33.8), 56.0 min (42.3–60.8), and 74.5 min (62.8–78.0) after the ALFX5, ALFX7.5, and ALFX10 treatments, respectively. Endotracheal intubation was achieved in all
six animals after the ALFX7.5 and ALFX10 treatments. Dose-dependent decreases in respiratory rate, non-invasive blood pressure, SpO2, and rectal temperature were
observed, and the quality of recovery was smooth in all animals after the ALFX5, ALFX7.5, and ALFX10 treatments. Thus, alfaxalone IM induced a dose-dependent sedative effect in
cynomolgus monkeys, but at higher doses, hypotension, hypoxemia, and hypothermia could be induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sou Wada
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8591, Japan.,Research Regulatory Management Department, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Hironari Koyama
- Research Regulatory Management Department, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuto Yamashita
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8591, Japan
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