1
|
Tang ACY, Lee RLT, Lee PH, Tanida K, Chan S, Lam SC, Nailes J, Malinit JP, Juangco JRG, Wang Q, Ligot J, Suen LKP. The mediating effect of dispositional mindfulness on the association between UPPS-P impulsivity traits and gaming disorder among Asia-Pacific young adults. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:328. [PMID: 38689236 PMCID: PMC11061906 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05740-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little evidence is available to verify the mediating effect of dispositional mindfulness on the association between gaming disorder and various impulsivity traits. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of dispositional mindfulness on the association between the five UPPS-P impulsivity traits and the risk of gaming disorder among young adults. METHODS It was an inter-regional cross-sectional study using online survey in Australia, Japan, The Philippines and China. Impulsivity measured by the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale-Short version; dispositional mindfulness measured by the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale; and the risk of gaming disorder measured by the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale were collected in the focal regions. Structural equation modeling was performed by SPSS AMOS version 26 to verify the study hypotheses. Bootstrapped 95% confidence interval was reported. Statistical significance was indicated by the p-value below 0.05. RESULTS Among the 1,134 returned questionnaires, about 40% of them aged 18-20 years and 21-23 years, respectively. 53.8% were male. 40.7% had been playing digital and video games for over 10 years. The prevalence of gaming disorder was 4.32%. The model fitness indices reflected that the constructed model had an acceptable model fit (χ2(118) = 558.994, p < 0.001; χ2/df = 4.737; CFI = 0.924; TLI = 0.890; GFI = 0.948; RMSEA = 0.058; SRMR = 0.0487). Dispositional mindfulness fully mediated the effect of positive urgency and negative urgency on the risk of gaming disorder. The effect of lack of premeditation on the risk of gaming disorder was partially mediated by dispositional mindfulness. However, dispositional mindfulness did not mediate the effect of sensation seeking on the risk of gaming disorder. CONCLUSIONS The varied associations between dispositional mindfulness and the five impulsivity traits hints that improving some impulsive traits may increase dispositional mindfulness and so lower the risk of gaming disorder. Despite further studies are needed to verify the present findings, it sheds light on the need to apply interventions on gamers based on their impulsivity profile. Interventions targeting at emotion regulation and self-control such as mindfulness-based interventions seem to be effective to help gamers with dominant features of urgency and lack of premeditation only. Other interventions shall be considered for gamers with high sensation seeking tendency to enhance the effectiveness of gaming disorder prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anson Chui Yan Tang
- School of Nursing, Tung Wah College, 16/F, Ma Kam Chan Memorial Building, 31 Wylie Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Regina Lai-Tong Lee
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Hong Lee
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Keiko Tanida
- College of Nursing Art and Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shun Chan
- School of Nursing, Tung Wah College, 16/F, Ma Kam Chan Memorial Building, 31 Wylie Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Ching Lam
- School of Nursing, Tung Wah College, 16/F, Ma Kam Chan Memorial Building, 31 Wylie Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jennifer Nailes
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Joy P Malinit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Jose Ronilo G Juangco
- College of Medicine, University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jason Ligot
- College of Public Health, University of The Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Lorna Kwai Ping Suen
- School of Nursing, Tung Wah College, 16/F, Ma Kam Chan Memorial Building, 31 Wylie Road, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hongo M, Oshima F, Guan S, Takahashi T, Nitta Y, Seto M, Hull L, Mandy W, Ohtani T, Tamura M, Shimizu E. Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the camouflaging autistic traits questionnaire. Autism Res 2024. [PMID: 38661257 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the factor structure and determined the reliability and validity of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire-Japanese version (CAT-Q-J) among 204 autistic and 410 non-autistic people. Since a confirmatory factor analysis revealed no factor validity of the CAT-Q-J for both autistic and non-autistic adults, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted to ensure the psychometric properties matched those of the original scale as much as possible. The results showed the CAT-Q-J comprised three subscales, a four-item compensation subscale, a five-item masking scale, and a five-item assimilation subscale. The overall CAT-Q-J and all three subscales showed sufficient internal consistency and moderate-to-good and stable test-retest reliability in both the autistic and non-autistic samples. Convergent validity was also supported by the correlations found with measures of autistic traits, well-being, anxiety, and depression. Different from the original CAT-Q, compensation/masking for the autistic sample was not correlated with mental health or autistic traits. The reliability and the validity of the overall CAT-Q-J were confirmed; however, caution should be exercised when interpreting its subscales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minako Hongo
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fumiyo Oshima
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Osaka, Japan
| | - Siqing Guan
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toru Takahashi
- Laureate Insutitute for Brain Research, Tulsa, USA
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nitta
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mikuko Seto
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Laura Hull
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - William Mandy
- Reserch Department for Clinial, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Toshiyuki Ohtani
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Osaka, Japan
- Safety and Health Organization, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaki Tamura
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fell J, Chaieb L, Hoppe C. Mind wandering in anxiety disorders: A status report. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105432. [PMID: 37898447 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Many investigations have targeted the subject of worry in anxiety disorders. Worry can be regarded as a subtype of mind wandering (MW), which is undeliberate, perseverative, negatively-valenced, and mainly future-oriented. Nevertheless, until now only a few studies have explored the role of overall MW in the origin and course of anxiety disorders. To foster progress in this field, we briefly describe and discuss relevant studies addressing MW in subjects with anxiety disorders or symptoms or disorders associated with anxiety symptoms. Provisional synthesis suggests that: a) the overall amount of MW is positively correlated with anxiety symptoms; b) MW characteristics reflecting worry and rumination appear to be relevant in anxiety; c) comorbid depressive and ADHD symptoms may contribute to excessive MW in anxiety; d) MW-related therapeutic interventions may be useful as complementary treatments in anxiety disorders. However, more studies related to MW in anxiety disorders or symptoms are necessary to corroborate and extend these initial findings. Such investigations should ideally combine experience sampling with self-rating assessments of both MW and worry/rumination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Fell
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Leila Chaieb
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Hoppe
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fukuzaki T. Mindfulness Training with a Fencing Athlete Who Was Troubled by an Uncharacteristic Inability to Perform Well Competitively: A Case Report. Yonago Acta Med 2023; 66:306-310. [PMID: 37229378 PMCID: PMC10203631 DOI: 10.33160/yam.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Positive thinking is one of the psychological skills that mental training programs aim to help athletes cultivate in order to enhance performance. It has been noted, however, that some athletes do not find positive thinking effective for that purpose. This case report describes a fencing athlete who used positive thinking to cope with negative ruminations prior to a competition and then stopped using positive thinking and engaged in mindfulness. As a result of applying mindfulness, the patient developed the ability to take part in competitions without obsessing and without negative ruminations. These findings show the importance of assessing, in detail, how the psychological skills training used with athletes is affecting their cognition, behavior, and performance and of implementing appropriate interventions based on these assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Fukuzaki
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Yonago 683-8503 Japan
- Tottori University Hospital Sports Medical Center, Yonago 683-8504 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Takahashi M, Sekiya D, Suzuki T, Morimoto Y. Development of the Japanese Version of the Mindful Eating Scale (
MES
). JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/jpr.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
|
6
|
Yoshida K, Sawamura D, Yagi M, Nakashima Y, Saito R, Yamamura N, Ogasawara K, Sakai S. Detecting inattentiveness caused by mind-wandering during a driving task: A behavioral study. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2023; 106:103892. [PMID: 36191405 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate whether behavioral variability and participants' self-ratings can be used to detect mind-wandering while driving and to examine their effects on braking performance during a driving task. We created a novel driving task and added a sustained attention response task (SART). We examined the effects of mind-wandering on braking performance and whether mind-wandering could be detected from SART response variability. The within-subjects results showed that self-reports of inattentiveness during driving correlated significantly with SART response variability. Multiple regression analysis with brake reaction time as the dependent variable revealed a significant relationship between self-reports of inattentiveness and mind-wandering. However, there were no other consistent linear associations between mind-wandering and SART response variability. Our results not only suggest that inattentiveness to driving caused by mind-wandering impairs braking performance but also emphasize the importance and difficulty of detecting this state from behavioral data alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Yoshida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, N12-W5, Kitaku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Sawamura
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, N12-W5, Kitaku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Mikio Yagi
- Panasonic Automotive Systems Co., Ltd., 4261, Ikonobe-cho, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 224-8520, Japan
| | - Yu Nakashima
- Panasonic Automotive Systems Co., Ltd., 4261, Ikonobe-cho, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 224-8520, Japan
| | - Ryuji Saito
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, N12-W5, Kitaku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Nao Yamamura
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, N12-W5, Kitaku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ogasawara
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, N12-W5, Kitaku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shinya Sakai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, N12-W5, Kitaku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Subjective judgments on direct and generative retrieval of autobiographical memory: The role of interoceptive sensibility and emotion. Mem Cognit 2022; 50:1644-1663. [PMID: 35294741 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-022-01280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Autobiographical remembering is a subjective experience, and whether retrieval is perceived to occur through involuntary or voluntary, direct or generative cognitive processes is also based on subjective intuition. The present study examined factors that may contribute to the subjective judgment that occurs when we perceive memories as being retrieved directly (i.e., a memory comes to mind directly and immediately) or through generative processes (i.e., recalling a memory with effort or by using additional information). We examined the hypothesis that internal awareness (interoceptive sensibility and mindfulness traits) contributes to the physical reaction and emotional impact of memories at retrieval, which then influence the subjective judgment that memories are retrieved directly. In two online experiments, participants were asked to recall specific memories following verbal cues and to judge the retrieval process (i.e., direct or generative). We demonstrated that emotional awareness, an interoceptive sensibility scale factor, consistently predicted a high probability of direct retrieval judgments independent of other predictors of direct retrieval, such as retrieval latency and cue concreteness. This effect was especially common for concrete cues. In Experiment 2 we demonstrated that emotional awareness predicted direct retrieval judgments through the mediation of retrieval impact (physical reaction and emotional impact). These results indicate the involvement of interoceptive processing in the direct retrieval of autobiographical memories. We discuss the role of interoception in memory retrieval and present interoceptive prediction error as a novel and potentially integrative account of our findings.
Collapse
|
8
|
Takahashi T, Saito J, Fujino M, Sato M, Kumano H. The Validity and Reliability of the Short Form of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in Japan. Front Psychol 2022; 13:833381. [PMID: 35496204 PMCID: PMC9046677 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.833381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A brief measure of dispositional mindfulness is important for applied research on mindfulness. Although short forms of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), which measures the five aspects of mindfulness (i.e., observing, describing, acting with awareness, non-judging, and non-reactivity), have been developed worldwide, the validity and reliability of the Japanese version has not been examined. This study aims to examine the validity and reliability of the 24-item and 15-item versions of the FFMQ in Japan, which are the most widely used versions worldwide. Methods Online surveys were conducted for 889 adults in Japan through an online survey company using self-reported questionnaires including the FFMQ to confirm the factor structure and validity. To examine construct validity, we examined the relationship between the short form of FFMQ and mind wandering, interoceptive awareness, experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, openness, neuroticism, self-compassion, depression, and anxiety, which have been theoretically or empirically shown to be related to mindfulness. In addition, 137 adults responded to the FFMQ again, after four weeks, for the test-retest reliability. Results The correlated five-factor and four-factor (excluding observing) models and the higher-order factor hierarchical model did not show sufficient goodness of fit, while the 24-item version showed acceptable fit when uncorrelated method factors loaded on by the positive and negative (reverse-scored) items were added. However, the 15-item version did not show acceptable fits for any of the models. Regarding reliability, the 24-item version showed acceptable values. In terms of the relationship between the original and the shortened version of the FFMQ, the 24-item version shared approximately 80% of the variance with the original one. In addition, although the wording effects of positive and negative items seemed to affect the correlations between the FFMQ and the other scales, the associations with related concepts were as predicted generally, supporting the construct validity of the short form of the FFMQ. Conclusion In Japan, the 24-item version of FFMQ showed acceptable validity and reliability similar to the original version, and we recommend that the 24-item version be used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Takahashi
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Junichi Saito
- Comprehensive Research Organization, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fujino
- Human Information Science Laboratory, NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Atsugi, Japan.,Open Innovation Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Sato
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kumano
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Saito J, Kumano H. The patterns of acceptance, mindfulness, and values for Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a web-based survey. Biopsychosoc Med 2022; 16:6. [PMID: 35255930 PMCID: PMC8900388 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-022-00236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) model of human functioning uses the behavioral processes of acceptance, mindfulness, and values, which together compose psychological flexibility, the ability to contact the present moment more fully as a conscious human being and to either change or persist when doing so serves valued ends. To increase the effectiveness of interventions in the medical treatment of diabetes, it is important to examine the effects on patients with type 2 diabetes of promoting the active component patterns of ACT. This study explores these points. Methods Questionnaires were administered to type 2 diabetes patients who were registered in the database of a research service provider, and data was collected and analyzed from a total of 211 patients (mean age ± SD was 58.84 years old ±10.25, 14.69% were females). Results Cluster analysis yielded four clusters: “Average” (average levels of acceptance, mindfulness, and values), “Flexibility” (high levels of acceptance, mindfulness, and values), “Values/low” (average levels of acceptance and mindfulness, and a low level of values), “Values/high” (average levels of acceptance and mindfulness and a high level of values). Patients in the “Flexibility” and “Values/high” clusters had significantly fewer depressive symptoms than the other clusters. However, members of the “Values/high” cluster demonstrated significantly higher glycated hemoglobin levels than those in the other clusters. Conclusions The results above indicate that each part of the ACT model is necessary for managing diabetes treatment while improving quality of life. The importance of values is emphasized in ACT for diabetes patients, but we argue, given our results, that acceptance and mindfulness are very important for Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. This study is limited to Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. In further research, the subject population must be expanded to people from other areas and of different racial backgrounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Saito
- Comprehensive Research Organization, Waseda University, 2-579-15, Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Kumano
- Comprehensive Research Organization, Waseda University, 2-579-15, Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan.,Faculty of Human Science, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sampei M, Okubo R, Sado M, Piedvache A, Mizoue T, Yamaguchi K, Morisaki N. Emotional Exhaustion of Burnout Among Medical Staff and Its Association With Mindfulness and Social Support: A Single Center Study During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:774919. [PMID: 35370822 PMCID: PMC8965002 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.774919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although higher rates of burnout have been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic, the contribution of the modifiable factors is lesser-known. We investigated how the risk of emotional exhaustion was associated with mindfulness skills and social support in a single medical center in Japan. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional web survey on mental health for all staff of a national medical hospital from February to March 2021. We examined the association between self-rated emotional exhaustion and levels of mindfulness and social support using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Of the 830 participants, signs of emotional exhaustion were observed in 261 (31%) individuals. Among those highly exposed to the virus at work, individuals with low levels of mindfulness and social support had significantly higher odds of emotional exhaustion [OR 3.46 (95% CI; 1.48-8.09), OR; 3.08 (95% CI; 1.33-7.13), respectively] compared to those with high levels. However, among those not highly exposed to the virus, individuals with both low and moderate levels of mindfulness had significantly higher odds of emotional exhaustion. [OR 3.33 (95% CI; 2.22-5.00), OR; 2.61 (95% CI; 1.73-3.94), respectively]. CONCLUSION We found that factors associated with emotional exhaustion differed by exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Building mindfulness skills can help reduce the high burden placed on the staff. Additionally, increasing social support may be useful especially for workers highly exposed to SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Sampei
- Department of Health Science, Health Promotion, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Social Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Okubo
- Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Sado
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aurelie Piedvache
- Department of Social Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koushi Yamaguchi
- Center of Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naho Morisaki
- Department of Social Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kawasaki Y, Akamatsu R, Omori M, Sugawara M, Yamazaki Y, Matsumoto S, Fujiwara Y, Iwakabe S, Kobayashi T. Development and validation of the Expanded Mindful Eating Scale. Int J Health Care Qual Assur 2021; ahead-of-print. [PMID: 32651946 DOI: 10.1108/ijhcqa-01-2020-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop and validate the Expanded Mindful Eating Scale (EMES), an expanded mindful eating model created for the promotion of health and sustainability. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH A cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaire surveys on Ochanomizu Health Study (OHS) was conducted. The survey was provided to 1,388 female university students in Tokyo, Japan. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and a partial correlation analysis were used to confirm construct and criterion validity. Internal consistency of the EMES was confirmed to calculate Cronbach's alpha. FINDINGS The response rate was 38.7 % (n = 537). Mean BMI was 20.21 ± 2.12, and 18.8% of them were classified as "lean" (BMI < 18.5). The authors listed 25 items and obtained a final factor structure of five factors and 20 items, as a result of EFA. Through CFA, the authors obtained the following fit indices for a final model: GFI = 0.914, AGFI = 0.890, CFI = 0.870 and RMSEA = 0.061. The total EMES score was significantly correlated with BMI, mindfulness, body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness and life satisfaction (r = -0.138, -0.315, -0.339, -0.281 and 0.149, p < 0.01, respectively). Cronbach's alpha for all items in this scale was 0.687. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The authors suggest the possibility that practitioners and researchers of mindful eating that includes this new concept can use authors' novel scale as an effective measurement tool. ORIGINALITY/VALUE The EMES, which can multidimensionally measure the concept of the expanded model of mindful eating was first developed in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yui Kawasaki
- Faculty of Core Research, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rie Akamatsu
- Faculty of Core Research, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Omori
- Faculty of Core Research, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masumi Sugawara
- Faculty of Core Research, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamazaki
- Institute for Education and Human Development, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Matsumoto
- Institute for Education and Human Development, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Fujiwara
- Faculty of Core Research, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Iwakabe
- Faculty of Core Research, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yoshida K, Takeda K, Kasai T, Makinae S, Murakami Y, Hasegawa A, Sakai S. Focused attention meditation training modifies neural activity and attention: longitudinal EEG data in non-meditators. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 15:215-224. [PMID: 32064537 PMCID: PMC7304517 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Focused attention meditation (FAM) is a basic meditation practice that cultivates attentional control and monitoring skills. Cross-sectional studies have highlighted high cognitive performance and discriminative neural activity in experienced meditators. However, a direct relationship between neural activity changes and improvement of attention caused by meditation training remains to be elucidated. To investigate this, we conducted a longitudinal study, which evaluated the results of electroencephalography (EEG) during three-stimulus oddball task, resting state and FAM before and after 8 weeks of FAM training in non-meditators. The FAM training group (n = 17) showed significantly higher P3 amplitude during the oddball task and shorter reaction time (RT) for target stimuli compared to that of the control group (n = 20). Furthermore, a significant negative correlation between F4-Oz theta band phase synchrony index (PSI) during FAM and P3 amplitude during the oddball task and a significant positive correlation between F4-Pz theta band PSI during FAM and P3 amplitude during the oddball task were observed. In contrast, these correlations were not observed in the control group. These findings provide direct evidence of the effectiveness of FAM training and contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the effects of meditation on brain activity and cognitive performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Yoshida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kenta Takeda
- Department of Rehabilitation for the Movement Functions, Research Institute of National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa 359-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsuko Kasai
- Faculty of Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 080-0811, Japan
| | - Shiika Makinae
- Graduate School of Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 080-0811, Japan
| | - Yui Murakami
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Hokkaido Bunkyo University, Eniwa 061-4119, Japan
| | - Ai Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shinya Sakai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder with Autism Spectrum Disorder by Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Matrix. Case Rep Psychiatry 2021; 2021:5511232. [PMID: 33880197 PMCID: PMC8046572 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5511232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is known to increase a variety of psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) has been reported to be an effective psychotherapy for MDD. However, this is not the case with ASD. In this case study, based on the hypothesis that it is effective in treating MDD with ASD, we adapted the ACT Matrix, a tool for visualizing an individual's experiences in the context of ACT, and administered 15 sessions to a woman with MDD with ASD following the onset of photo dermatosis. By the end of the final session, there was an increase in value-based behaviors and significant changes in depressive symptoms as well as significant changes in process measures such as experience avoidance, mindfulness, and progress toward a valued life. Six months after the end of the session, the improvement in symptoms was even stronger and the process measure of obstruction to a valued life was significantly improved. The ACT Matrix may thus ameliorate MDD in patients with ASD.
Collapse
|
14
|
Noda S, Okawa S, Shirotsuki K, Sasagawa S, Bögels SM. The Japanese self-focused attention scale: Factor structure, internal consistency, convergent, and discriminant validity. J Clin Psychol 2021; 77:2011-2026. [PMID: 33822367 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-focused attention is a maintaining factor for social anxiety disorder. It was shown that self-focused attention correlates with trait mindfulness, but not with attention control. This study examined the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the self-focused attention (J-SFA) scale. METHOD Students (N = 502) completed a set of questionnaires, measuring self-focused attention, social anxiety symptoms, trait mindfulness, and attention control. RESULTS A confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the J-SFA scale has a bi-factor structure. The Cronbach's α coefficient was high. Correlation analysis showed that each factor of the J-SFA scale was significantly weakly to moderately correlated with social anxiety symptoms and trait mindfulness, and the J-SFA scale's factors were significantly or non-significantly very weakly correlated with attentional control functions. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that the J-SFA demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity for our sample and provide impetus for future research into the measure for clinical and nonclinical samples in Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shota Noda
- Graduate School of Human and Social Sciences, Musashino University, Koutouku, Tokyo, Japan.,Tokyo Mindfulness Center, Minatoku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Okawa
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Research Center of Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Satoko Sasagawa
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Mejiro University, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susan M Bögels
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, NG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mindful attention awareness and cognitive defusion are indirectly associated with less PTSD-like symptoms via reduced maladaptive posttraumatic cognitions and avoidance coping. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractRecently, the effects of mindfulness-based interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been studied. However, we lack knowledge of the processes or mechanisms through which mindfulness influences resilience or promotes recovery following exposure to trauma. In this study, we examine the process by which mindfulness and cognitive-behavioral factors such as posttraumatic negative cognition and avoidance behaviors are associated with reduced PTSD-like symptoms. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 885 university students, using the Trauma Experience Questionnaire, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, revised Ways of Coping Checklist, and a brief version of the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory. Data from 254 participants who experienced trauma with PTSD-like symptoms were analyzed. The final model using SEM indicated no direct association of mindful attention awareness on PTSD-like symptoms, a small direct association of cognitive defusion on PTSD-like symptoms, and a large indirect association mediated by posttraumatic negative cognitions and avoidance coping. Owing to the study’s cross-sectional design, strong conclusions cannot be drawn regarding the causal relationship of mindfulness and cognitive-behavioral factors or generalizations. However, our findings suggest that it would be worthwhile to continue to clarify the mechanism of mindfulness and to investigate its use in the treatment of PTSD. In the future, a highly accurate study design will hopefully be used to examine the mechanisms of several different factors associated with improvement in posttraumatic stress symptoms, preferably including them in the same model.
Collapse
|
16
|
Takahashi T, Kikai T, Sugiyama F, Kawashima I, Kuroda A, Usui K, Maeda W, Uchida T, Guan S, Oguchi M, Kumano H. Changes in Mind-Wandering and Cognitive Fusion Through Mindfulness Group Therapy for Depression and Anxiety. J Cogn Psychother 2020. [DOI: 10.1891/jcpsy-d-19-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of efficacy in mindfulness-based interventions for depression and anxiety are not fully understood. To clarify these mechanisms, we tested the hypotheses that mind-wandering, daydreaming, cognitive fusion, and experiential avoidance will decrease through mindfulness group therapy, and this decrease will correlate with improvements in depression and anxiety. Participants self-reported depression and/or anxiety (N = 28) took part in an 8-week mindfulness group therapy program. They were assessed using self-report scales at pre- and post-intervention, and at 2-month follow-up. Results indicated that depression and trait-anxiety decreased between pre- and post-intervention with moderate effect sizes, which were maintained at follow-up. Mind-wandering and cognitive fusion also decreased between pre- and post-intervention with small to moderate effect sizes, and maintained at follow-up. The decreases in mind-wandering and cognitive fusion moderately correlated with improvements in depression and anxiety, suggesting that decreases in mind-wandering and cognitive fusion might underlie efficacious mechanisms of mindfulness group therapy.
Collapse
|
17
|
Ikeuchi K, Ishiguro H, Nakamura Y, Izawa T, Shinkura N, Nin K. The relation between mindfulness and the fatigue of women with breast cancer: path analysis. Biopsychosoc Med 2020; 14:1. [PMID: 32071613 PMCID: PMC7011601 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-020-0175-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although fatigue is a common and distressing symptom in cancer survivors, the mechanism of fatigue is not fully understood. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relation between the fatigue and mindfulness of breast cancer survivors using anxiety, depression, pain, loneliness, and sleep disturbance as mediators. Methods Path analysis was performed to examine direct and indirect associations between mindfulness and fatigue. Participants were breast cancer survivors who visited a breast surgery department at a university hospital in Japan for hormonal therapy or regular check-ups after treatment. The questionnaire measured cancer-related-fatigue, mindfulness, anxiety, depression, pain, loneliness, and sleep disturbance. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected from medical records. Results Two-hundred and seventy-nine breast cancer survivors were registered, of which 259 answered the questionnaire. Ten respondents with incomplete questionnaire data were excluded, resulting in 249 participants for the analyses. Our final model fit the data well (goodness of fit index = .993; adjusted goodness of fit index = .966; comparative fit index = .999; root mean square error of approximation = .016). Mindfulness, anxiety, depression, pain, loneliness, and sleep disturbance were related to fatigue, and mindfulness had the most influence on fatigue (β = − .52). Mindfulness affected fatigue not only directly but also indirectly through anxiety, depression, pain, loneliness, and sleep disturbance. Conclusions The study model helps to explain the process by which mindfulness affects fatigue. Our results suggest that mindfulness has both direct and indirect effects on the fatigue of breast cancer survivors and that mindfulness can be used to more effectively reduce their fatigue. It also suggests that health care professionals should be aware of factors such as anxiety, depression, pain, loneliness, and sleep disturbance in their care for fatigue of breast cancer survivors. Trial registration This study was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN number. 000027720) on June 12, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Ikeuchi
- 1Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogo-in, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan.,2Department of Nursing, University of Shitennoji, 3-2-1 Gakuenmae, Habikino, Osaka, 583-8501 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishiguro
- 3Department of Medical Oncology, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, 537-3 Iguchi, Nasushiobara, 329-2763 Japan
| | - Yasunori Nakamura
- 4Graduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192 Japan
| | - Tomoko Izawa
- 1Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogo-in, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Shinkura
- Sawai Memorial Breast Clinic, 98 Matsumoto-cho Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto, 603-8052 Japan
| | - Kazuko Nin
- 1Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogo-in, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Irie T, Yokomitsu K. Relationship Between Dispositional Mindfulness and Living Condition and the Well- Being of First- Year University Students in Japan. Front Psychol 2020; 10:2831. [PMID: 31920864 PMCID: PMC6930154 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to examine how dispositional mindfulness and living conditions are related to well-being among first-year university students in Japan. Participants were 262 Japanese first-year students (156 females and 106 males; Mage = 18.77 years, SDage = 0.85). Dispositional mindfulness was measured using the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), and living condition was operationalized as living at home or living alone after having left their home. Hierarchical multivariate regression analysis was used to analyze whether the factors of living condition and dispositional mindfulness had predictive effects on well-being. The results showed that dispositional mindfulness positively correlated with well-being in first-year university students; however, living condition had no significant correlation. On the other hand, the interaction between living condition and dispositional mindfulness significantly correlated with well-being. Simple slope analysis revealed that higher levels of dispositional mindfulness had a protective effect in the relationship between living condition and well-being. These results suggest that an intervention to promote dispositional mindfulness could be effective in protecting the well-being of first-year university students, especially for those who have left their home and are living alone. Further research will be necessary to examine, longitudinally, how mental health changes depending on the level of dispositional mindfulness of first-year university students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Irie
- School of Education and Culture, Hokusho University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kengo Yokomitsu
- College of Comprehensive Psychology, Ritsumeikan University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|