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Silva JMC, Teixeira EB, Mourão RMDS, Ferraz RS, Moreira FC, de Assumpção PP, Calcagno DQ. The landscape of lncRNAs in gastric cancer: from molecular mechanisms to potential clinical applications. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1237723. [PMID: 37670949 PMCID: PMC10476871 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1237723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly prevalent and deadly malignant neoplasm worldwide. Currently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been identified as crucial regulators implicated in GC development and progression. Dysregulated expression of lncRNAs is commonly associated with enhanced tumor migration, invasiveness, and therapy resistance, highlighting their potential as promising targets for clinical applications. This review offers a comprehensive historical overview of lncRNAs in GC, describes the molecular mechanisms, and discusses the prospects and challenges of establishing lncRNAs as precision biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rafaella Sousa Ferraz
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belem, Pará, Brazil
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Gan H, Xiang H, Xi Y, Yao M, Shao C, Shao S. Effect of long non-coding RNA 114227 on gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 48:157-164. [PMID: 36999461 PMCID: PMC10930341 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.220435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gastric cancer is a common cancer of the digestive system. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays an important role in the formation and development of gastric cancer. This study aims to investigate the effect of long non-coding lncRNA 114227 on biologic behaviors in gastric cancer cells. METHODS The experiment was divided into 4 groups: a negative control (NC) group, a lncRNA 114227 small interference (si-lncRNA 114227) group, an empty vector (Vector) group, and an overexpression vector (OE-lncRNA 114227) group. The expressions of lncRNA 114227 in gastric mucosa and gastric cancer tissues, gastric mucosal epithelial cells and different gastric cancer strains were determined by real-time reverse transcription PCR (real-time RT-PCR).The proliferation were detected by CCK-8 assay in gastric cancer cells. The epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) was utilized by Transwell assay, scratch healing assay, and Western blotting in gastric cancer cells. The effect of lncRNA 114227 on proliferation of gastric cancer cells was detected by tumor bearing experiment in nude mice in vivo. RESULTS The expression level of lncRNA 114227 in the gastric cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in the gastric mucosa tissues, and in 4 kinds of gastric cancer strains was all significantly lower than that in gastric mucosal epithelial cells (all P<0.01). In vitro, the proliferation and migration abilities of gastric cells were significantly reduced after overexpressing lncRNA 114227, and cell proliferation and migration were enhanced after silencing lncRNA 114227 (all P<0.05). The results of in vivo subcutaneous tumorigenesis in nude mice showed that the tumorigenic volume of the tumor-bearing mice in the OE-lncRNA 114227 group was significantly smaller than that of the Vector group, and the tumorigenic quality was lower than that of the Vector group (P<0.05), indicating that lncRNA 114227 inhibited tumorigenesis. CONCLUSIONS The expression of lncRNA 114227 is downregulated in gastric cancer gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. LncRNA 114227 may inhibit the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells through EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Gan
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212000.
| | - Huiying Xiang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212000
| | - Yue Xi
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212000
| | - Min Yao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212000
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212000, China
| | - Shihe Shao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212000.
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3
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Feng YN, Li BY, Wang K, Li XX, Zhang L, Dong XZ. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related long noncoding RNAs in gastric carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:977280. [PMCID: PMC9605205 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.977280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As an evolutionarily phenotypic conversion program, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been implicated in tumour deterioration and has facilitated the metastatic ability of cancer cells via enhancing migration and invasion. Gastric cancer (GC) remains a frequently diagnosed non-skin malignancy globally. Most GC-associated mortality can be attributed to metastasis. Recent studies have shown that EMT-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in GC progression and GC cell motility. In addition, lncRNAs are associated with EMT-related transcription factors and signalling pathways. In the present review, we comprehensively described the EMT-inducing lncRNA molecular mechanisms and functional perspectives of EMT-inducing lncRNAs in GC progression. Taken together, the statements of this review provided a clinical implementation in identifying lncRNAs as potential therapeutic targets for advanced GC.
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Han J, Nie M, Chen C, Cheng X, Guo T, Huangfu L, Li X, Du H, Xing X, Ji J. SDCBP‐AS1 destabilizes β‐catenin by regulating ubiquitination and SUMOylation of hnRNP K to suppress gastric tumorigenicity and metastasis. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2022; 42:1141-1161. [DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) Peking University Cancer Hospital Beijing Institute for Cancer Research Beijing 100142 P. R. China
| | - Menglin Nie
- Department of Radiation Oncology Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100070 P. R. China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) Peking University Cancer Hospital Beijing Institute for Cancer Research Beijing 100142 P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) Peking University Cancer Hospital Beijing Institute for Cancer Research Beijing 100142 P. R. China
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) Peking University Cancer Hospital Beijing Institute for Cancer Research Beijing 100142 P. R. China
| | - Longtao Huangfu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) Peking University Cancer Hospital Beijing Institute for Cancer Research Beijing 100142 P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) Peking University Cancer Hospital Beijing Institute for Cancer Research Beijing 100142 P. R. China
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) Peking University Cancer Hospital Beijing Institute for Cancer Research Beijing 100142 P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Xing
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) Peking University Cancer Hospital Beijing Institute for Cancer Research Beijing 100142 P. R. China
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) Peking University Cancer Hospital Beijing Institute for Cancer Research Beijing 100142 P. R. China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) Peking University Cancer Hospital Beijing Institute for Cancer Research Beijing 100142 P. R. China
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Chen Z, Xu C, Pan X, Cheng G, Liu M, Li J, Mei Y. lncRNA DSCR8 mediates miR-137/Cdc42 to regulate gastric cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and cell cycle as a competitive endogenous RNA. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2021; 22:468-482. [PMID: 34553033 PMCID: PMC8430047 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
lncRNA DSCR8 (Down syndrome critical region 8) is involved in progression of many cancers, but its specific role in gastric cancer (GC) is still unclear. Here, qRT-PCR detected upregulated expression of DSCR8 and Cdc42 and downregulated expression of miR-137 in GC. The protein expression level of Cdc42 in GC was upregulated as tested by western blot. Statistical analysis showed that DSCR8 was closely associated with some malignant clinicopathological features (such as tumor size, metastasis, and stage) in GC patients. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that DSCR8 was localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Dual-luciferase reporter gene, RNA immunoprecipitation, and biotin pull-down assays showed that DSCR8 could bind to miR-137 could bind to Cdc42. In vitro and in vivo assays showed that DSCR8 could promote proliferation, invasion, and the cycle of GC cells and inhibit cell apoptosis. In addition, a rescue experiment showed that DSCR8 regulated progression of GC cells via miR-137. Furthermore, DSCR8 regulated Cdc42 in GC cells by inhibiting miR-137. Taken together, these data indicated that DSCR8 could adsorb miR-137 to reduce its inhibitory effect on Cdc42 expression, thereby promoting the progression of GC cells and regulating the cell cycle. These results provide a novel direction for DSCR8 as a target of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lishui People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, 15 Dazhong Street, Liandu District, Lishui City, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Chaobo Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lishui People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, 15 Dazhong Street, Liandu District, Lishui City, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Xiaoming Pan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lishui People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, 15 Dazhong Street, Liandu District, Lishui City, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Guoxiong Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lishui People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, 15 Dazhong Street, Liandu District, Lishui City, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lishui People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, 15 Dazhong Street, Liandu District, Lishui City, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lishui People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, 15 Dazhong Street, Liandu District, Lishui City, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Yijun Mei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lishui People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, 15 Dazhong Street, Liandu District, Lishui City, Zhejiang 323000, China
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Han J, Fu R, Chen C, Cheng X, Guo T, Huangfu L, Li X, Du H, Xing X, Ji J. CXCL16 Promotes Gastric Cancer Tumorigenesis via ADAM10-Dependent CXCL16/CXCR6 Axis and Activates Akt and MAPK Signaling Pathways. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2841-2852. [PMID: 34345211 PMCID: PMC8326113 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.57826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal expression of CXC motif chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) has been demonstrated to be associated with tumor progression and metastasis, served as a prognostic factor in many cancers, with higher relative expression behaving as a marker of tumor progression. However, its role and mechanisms underlying progression and metastasis of gastric cancer (GC) are yet to be elucidated. In our investigation, public datasets and human GC tissue samples were used to determine the CXCL16 expression levels. Our results revealed that CXCL16 was upregulated in GC. The high expression CXCL16 in GC was significantly associated with histologic poor differentiation and pTNM staging. And high CXCL16 was positively correlated with the poor survival of GC patients. Gain-and loss-of-function experiments were employed to investigate the biological role of CXCL16 in proliferation and migration both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT), Akt and MAPK signal pathway related genes were significantly enriched in the high CXCL16 group, which was confirmed by western blot. Moreover, overexpression CXCL16 promoted the disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAM10) and the CXC motif chemokine receptor 6 (CXCR6) expression, which mediated the CXCL16/CXCR6 positive feedback loop in GC, with activating Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. Knocking down ADAM10 would interrupted the CXCL16/CXCR6 axis in the carcinogenesis and progression of GC. In conclusion, our findings offered insights into that CXCL16 promoted GC tumorigenesis by enhancing ADAM10-dependent CXCL16/CXCR6 axis activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute For Cancer Research, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, China
| | - Runjia Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute For Cancer Research, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute For Cancer Research, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute For Cancer Research, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute For Cancer Research, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, China
| | - Longtao Huangfu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute For Cancer Research, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute For Cancer Research, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute For Cancer Research, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang Xing
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute For Cancer Research, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, China
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Beijing Institute For Cancer Research, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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Wang Q, Gu M, Zhuang Y, Chen J. The Long Noncoding RNA MAGI1-IT1 Regulates the miR-302d-3p/IGF1 Axis to Control Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:2959-2967. [PMID: 33833579 PMCID: PMC8021259 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s305108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MAGI1-IT1 is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) previously reported to regulate several cancer types, but its functional role in gastric cancer (GC) remains to be defined. This study therefore explored the mechanistic role played by MAGI1-IT1 in the regulation of GC cell proliferation. Methods 120 pairs of GC patient tumor, paracancerous tissues, human GES-1 control cells and human AGS, MKN-74, MKN-45, and MGC-803 GC cell lines were used to detected MAGI1-IT1, miR-302d-3p, and IGF1 expression by a qPCR approach. An shRNA approach was used to knock down MGI1-IT1 in order to examine the effect of such treatment on GC cell proliferation, and rescue experiments were subsequently conducted. In addition, the functional role of MAGI1-IT1 in GC in vivo was evaluated with a xenograft model system. P < 0.05 was the significance threshold. Results Elevated MAGI1-IT1 expression was detected in GC cell lines and tissues, and was linked to poorer patient overall survival. Knocking down this lncRNA disrupted GC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, and miR-302d-3p was identified as a MAGI1-IT1 target. Notably, miR-302d-3p inhibition partially reversed the impact of MAGI1-IT1 knockdown on GC cell proliferation. IGF1 was subsequently identified as a miR-302d-3p target gene that was upregulated by MAGI1-IT1 through miR-302d-3p. Conclusion Overall, these results indicated that MAGI1-IT1 controlled GC cell proliferation by modulating the miR-302d-3p/IGF1 axis, suggesting that this may be a viable treatment target in those with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinge Wang
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Changzhou Children's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhuang
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Yin D, Lu X. Silencing of long non-coding RNA HCP5 inhibits proliferation, invasion, migration, and promotes apoptosis via regulation of miR-299-3p/SMAD5 axis in gastric cancer cells. Bioengineered 2020; 12:225-239. [PMID: 33371778 PMCID: PMC8806318 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1863619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignant gastrointestinal tumor with high mortality. Previous study has reported that the overexpression of lncRNA HCP5 was observed in gastric cancer tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of lncRNA HCP5 on the proliferative, migratory, and invasive abilities of GC cells. The relative mRNA expression of HCP5, miR-299-3p, and SMAD5 were determined by RT-qPCR. The expressions of proteins associated with apoptosis and invasion were detected by western blot. The interaction of HCP5 with miR-299-3p and SMAD5 with miR-299-3p was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. The cellular behaviors of AGS cells were, respectively, detected by CCK-8 assays, colony formation assays, migration and invasion assays, and flow cytometry. In our study, lncRNA HCP5 was highly expressed in GC cell lines compared with normal gastric epithelial cell. LncRNA HCP5 silencing inhibited AGS cells proliferation, migration, and invasion, while promoted cell apoptosis. Moreover, miR-299-3p downregulation could abolish the effect of HCP5 knockdown on cellular behaviors of AGS cells. Interestingly, SMAD5 is identified as the downstream target of miR-299-3p, and its expression was inhibited by miR-299-3p. More importantly, SMAD5 silencing inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells, and promoted cell apoptosis. In a word, lncRNA HCP5 silencing inhibits GC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration while promoting its apoptosis via regulation of miR-299-3p/SMAD5 axis. Hence, lncRNA HCP5 could be a novel and promising target for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derong Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hanzhong People's Hospital , Hanzhong, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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Vafadar A, Shabaninejad Z, Movahedpour A, Mohammadi S, Fathullahzadeh S, Mirzaei HR, Namdar A, Savardashtaki A, Mirzaei H. Long Non-Coding RNAs As Epigenetic Regulators in Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:3563-3577. [PMID: 31470781 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190830161528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute large portions of the mammalian transcriptome which appeared as a fundamental player, regulating various cellular mechanisms. LncRNAs do not encode proteins, have mRNA-like transcripts and frequently processed similar to the mRNAs. Many investigations have determined that lncRNAs interact with DNA, RNA molecules or proteins and play a significant regulatory function in several biological processes, such as genomic imprinting, epigenetic regulation, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and differentiation. LncRNAs can modulate gene expression on three levels: chromatin remodeling, transcription, and post-transcriptional processing. The majority of the identified lncRNAs seem to be transcribed by the RNA polymerase II. Recent evidence has illustrated that dysregulation of lncRNAs can lead to many human diseases, in particular, cancer. The aberrant expression of lncRNAs in malignancies contributes to the dysregulation of proliferation and differentiation process. Consequently, lncRNAs can be useful to the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, and have been characterized as potential cancer markers as well. In this review, we highlighted the role and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs and their correlation with some of the cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Vafadar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Shabaninejad
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Student research committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soheila Mohammadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sima Fathullahzadeh
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Ashkezar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ashkezar, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hamid R Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Namdar
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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