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Deutz LN, Wierzchowska-McNew RA, Deutz NE, Engelen MP. Reduced plasma glycine concentration in healthy and chronically diseased older adults: a marker of visceral adiposity? Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:1455-1464. [PMID: 38616018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that a reduced plasma concentration of the amino acid glycine (Gly) is associated with intra-abdominal obesity, but the mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate whether lower plasma Gly concentrations in older adults are independently associated with (visceral) adiposity, age, sex, presence of chronic disease, and glucose intolerance, and whether they are caused by a reduced Gly whole-body production (WBP) and/or increased Gly disposal capacity. METHODS We studied 102 older adults (47 males/55 females, 68.5 ± standard deviation 6.4 y) without comorbidities and 125 older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (58 males/67 females, 69.7 ± 8.6 y). We assessed body composition and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and muscle function by dynamometry. We measured postabsorptive plasma amino acid profile and glucose, followed by pulse administration of stable isotope-labeled Gly ([2,2-2H2]), and blood sampling was performed to measure the WBP of Gly. Results are expressed as means and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS We found a lower plasma Gly concentration in healthy males and males with COPD than in females (Healthy: 211; 95% CI: 193,230 compared with 248; 95% CI: 225,271; COPD: 200; 95% CI: 186,215 compared with 262: 95% CI: 241, 283; P < 0.0001, respectively), with no difference between healthy and COPD groups. A negative relationship was found between unadjusted plasma Gly and VAT mass (R2: 0.16; slope: -1.7; 95% CI: -2.4, -1.2; P < 0.0021), but not with total body fat or fasting glucose. The strong association between lower plasma Gly and increased VAT mass in older adults was independent of age, sex, body weight, lean mass or body mass index, and the presence of COPD. Inclusion of these covariates increased the R2 to 0.783. We found no relation between the VAT and WBP of Gly (P = 0.35) or Gly clearance (P = 0.187) when lean mass was considered. CONCLUSIONS Reduced plasma Gly in older adults can be considered a marker of visceral adiposity, independent of sex, age, body composition, presence of chronic disease, and whole-body Gly production or clearance. This study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01787682, NCT02082418, NCT02157844, NCT02770092, NCT02780219, NCT03796455, and NCT04461236.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Nj Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Raven A Wierzchowska-McNew
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Nicolaas Ep Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States; Department of Primary Care and Rural Medicine, Texas A&M School of Medicine, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Mariëlle Pkj Engelen
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States; Department of Primary Care and Rural Medicine, Texas A&M School of Medicine, College Station, TX, United States.
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Sanclemente JL, Rivera-Velez SM, Horohov DW, Dasgupta N, Sanz MG. Plasma metabolome of healthy and Rhodococcus equi-infected foals over time. Equine Vet J 2023; 55:831-842. [PMID: 36273247 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foals that develop pulmonary ultrasonographic lesions on Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) endemic farms are treated with antibiotics because those at risk of developing clinical pneumonia (~20%) cannot be recognised early. Candidate biomarkers identified using metabolomics may aid targeted treatment strategies against R. equi. OBJECTIVES (1) To describe how foal ageing affects their plasma metabolome (birth to 8 weeks) and (2) to establish the effects that experimental infection with Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) has on foal metabolome. STUDY DESIGN Experimental study. METHODS Nine healthy newborn foals were experimentally infected with R. equi as described in a previous study. Foals were treated with oral antibiotics if they developed clinical pneumonia (n = 4, clinical group) or remained untreated if they showed no signs of disease (n = 5, subclinical group). A group of unchallenged foals (n = 4) was also included in the study. By the end of the study period (8 weeks), all foals were free of disease. This status was confirmed with transtracheal wash fluid evaluation and culture as well as thoracic ultrasonography. Plasma metabolomics was determined by GC-MS weekly for the study duration (8 weeks). RESULTS Foals' plasma metabolome was altered by ageing (birth to 8 weeks) and experimental infection with R. equi as demonstrated using multivariate statistical analysis. The intensities of 25 and 28 metabolites were altered by ageing and infection (p < 0.05) respectively. Furthermore, 20 metabolites changed by more than 2-fold between clinical and subclinical groups. MAIN LIMITATIONS The number of foals is limited. Foals were experimentally infected with R. equi. CONCLUSIONS Ageing and R. equi infection induced changes in the plasma metabolome of foals. These results provide an initial description of foal's plasma metabolome and serve as background for future identification of R. equi pneumonia biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Sanclemente
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Sol M Rivera-Velez
- Molecular Determinants Core, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - David W Horohov
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Nairanjana Dasgupta
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Macarena G Sanz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Cui H, Wang Y, Yu B, Wu Y, Zhang G, Guo J, Luo J, Li Q, Li X, He W, Wen W, Liao J, Wang D. Jian-Ti-Kang-Yi decoction alleviates poly(I:C)-induced pneumonia by inhibiting inflammatory response, reducing oxidative stress, and modulating host metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:979400. [PMID: 36147321 PMCID: PMC9486163 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.979400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Jian-Ti-Kang-Yi decoction (JTKY) is widely used in the treatment of COVID-19. However, the protective mechanisms of JTKY against pneumonia remain unknown. In this study, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), a mimic of viral dsRNA, was used to induce pneumonia in mice; the therapeutic effects of JTKY on poly(I:C)-induced pneumonia model mice were evaluated. In addition, the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative potentials of JTKY were also investigated. Lastly, the metabolic regulatory effects of JTKY in poly(I:C)-induced pneumonia model mice were studied using untargeted metabolomics. Our results showed that JTKY treatment decreased the wet-to-dry ratio in the lung tissue, total protein concentration, and total cell count of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) and Masson staining indicated that the JTKY treatment alleviated the pathological changes and decreased the fibrotic contents in the lungs. JTKY treatment also decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)] and increased the levels of immunomodulatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) in the BALF and serum. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the JTKY treatment lowered the ratio of CD86+/CD206+ macrophages in the BALF, decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) level, and increased arginase 1 (Arg-1) level in lung. JTKY also lowered CD11b+Ly6G+ neutrophils in BALF and decreased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in lung. Moreover, it also elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and decreased methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) level in lung. Untargeted metabolomic analysis showed that the JTKY treatment could affect 19 metabolites in lung, such as L-adrenaline, L-asparagine, ornithine, and alpha-ketoglutaric acid. These metabolites are associated with the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, butanoate, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle processes. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that treatment with JTKY ameliorated poly(I:C)-induced pneumonia. The mechanism of action of JTKY may be associated with the inhibition of the inflammatory response, the reduction of oxidative stress, and the regulation of the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, TCA cycle, and metabolism of alanine, aspartate, glutamate, and butanoate processes in lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huantian Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bolun Yu
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yulin Wu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Gaijun Zhang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Junli Guo
- Hebei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei, China
| | - Junyu Luo
- Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qin Li
- Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenju He
- Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Weibo Wen
- Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- *Correspondence: Weibo Wen, ; Jiabao Liao, ; Dongqiang Wang,
| | - Jiabao Liao
- Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Weibo Wen, ; Jiabao Liao, ; Dongqiang Wang,
| | - Dongqiang Wang
- Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Weibo Wen, ; Jiabao Liao, ; Dongqiang Wang,
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Reprogramming of Amino Acid Metabolism Differs between Community-Acquired Pneumonia and Infection-Associated Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152283. [PMID: 35892580 PMCID: PMC9330610 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acids and their metabolites are key regulators of immune responses, and plasma levels may change profoundly during acute disease states. Using targeted metabolomics, we evaluated concentration changes in plasma amino acids and related metabolites in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP, n = 29; compared against healthy controls, n = 33) from presentation to hospital through convalescence. We further aimed to identify biomarkers for acute CAP vs. the clinically potentially similar infection-triggered COPD exacerbation (n = 13). Amino acid metabolism was globally dysregulated in both CAP and COPD. Levels of most amino acids were markedly depressed in acute CAP, and total amino acid concentrations on admission were an accurate biomarker for the differentiation from COPD (AUC = 0.93), as were reduced asparagine and threonine levels (both AUC = 0.92). Reduced tryptophan and histidine levels constituted the most accurate biomarkers for acute CAP vs. controls (AUC = 0.96, 0.94). Only kynurenine, symmetric dimethyl arginine, and phenylalanine levels were increased in acute CAP, and the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio correlated best with clinical recovery and resolution of inflammation. Several amino acids did not reach normal levels by the 6-week follow-up. Glutamate levels were reduced on admission but rose during convalescence to 1.7-fold above levels measured in healthy control. Our data suggest that dysregulated amino acid metabolism in CAP partially persists through clinical recovery and that amino acid metabolism constitutes a source of promising biomarkers for CAP. In particular, total amino acids, asparagine, and threonine may constitute plasma biomarker candidates for the differentiation between CAP and infection-triggered COPD exacerbation and, perhaps, the detection of pneumonia in COPD.
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Lomova NA, Chagovets VV, Dolgopolova EL, Novoselova AV, Petrova UL, Shmakov RG, Frankevich VE. Altered amino acid profiles of the “mother–fetus” system in COVID-19. BULLETIN OF RUSSIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2022.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Systemic nature of the human body response to SARS-CoV-2 requires dedicated analysis at the molecular level. COVID-19 during pregnancy affects maternal health and may entail complications in the early neonatal period and possibly long-term consequences for the offspring. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on amino acid profiles in maternal venous blood, amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood in order to develop a diagnostic panel accounting for possible consequences. The main group included 29 pregnant patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and the control group included 17 somatically healthy pregnant women. Amino acid profiles of the biological fluids were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography combined to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and assessed in logistic regression models. The analysis revealed altered content of certain amino acids, their biosynthetic precursors and metabolites in the biological fluids collected from patients with COVID-19 possibly reflecting the development of systemic inflammatory reaction and associated changes in gene expression profiles. These findings may guide further research into health outcomes for neonates born from mothers infected with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy. The study may help to develop advanced recommendations and differential care protocols for pregnant women and newborns diagnosed with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- NA Lomova
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - VV Chagovets
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - EL Dolgopolova
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - AV Novoselova
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - UL Petrova
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - RG Shmakov
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - VE Frankevich
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
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Hoult G, Gillespie D, Wilkinson TMA, Thomas M, Francis NA. Biomarkers to guide the use of antibiotics for acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD): a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:194. [PMID: 35549921 PMCID: PMC9101830 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-01958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotics are frequently prescribed for acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) even though most do not have a bacterial aetiology. Biomarkers may help clinicians target antibiotic use by identifying AECOPD caused by bacterial pathogens. We aimed to summarise current evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers for detecting bacterial versus non-bacterial AECOPD. Methods We searched Embase and Medline using a search strategy including terms for COPD, biomarkers and bacterial infection. Data regarding diagnostic accuracy for each biomarker in predicting bacterial cause of exacerbation were extracted and summarised. We used to QUADAS-2 tool to assess risk of bias. Results Of 509 papers identified, 39 papers evaluating 61 biomarkers were eligible for inclusion. Moderate quality evidence was found for associations between serum C-reactive protein (CRP), serum procalcitonin (PCT), sputum interleukin (IL)-8 and sputum tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and the presence of bacterial pathogens in the sputum of patients with AECOPD. Having bacterial pathogens was associated with a mean difference (higher) CRP and PCT of 29.44 mg/L and 0.76 ng/mL respectively. There was inconsistent or weak evidence for associations between bacterial AECOPD and higher levels of sputum IL-1β, IL-6, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophil elastase (NE). We did not find any consistent evidence of diagnostic value for other biomarkers. Conclusions There is moderate evidence from heterogeneous studies that serum CRP and PCT are of value in differentiating bacterial from non-bacterial AECOPD, and little evidence for other biomarkers. Further high-quality research on the role of biomarkers in identifying bacterial exacerbations is needed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12890-022-01958-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hoult
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, UHW Main Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - David Gillespie
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Tom M A Wilkinson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton University, Mailpoint 810, Level F, South Block, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.,NIHR Southampton BRC - Respiratory Theme, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton University, Mailpoint 810, Level F, South Block, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Mike Thomas
- Primary Care Research Centre, School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Aldermoor Health Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Close, Southampton, SO16 5ST, UK
| | - Nick A Francis
- Primary Care Research Centre, School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Aldermoor Health Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Close, Southampton, SO16 5ST, UK.
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Santinelli L, Laghi L, Innocenti GP, Pinacchio C, Vassalini P, Celani L, Lazzaro A, Borrazzo C, Marazzato M, Tarsitani L, Koukopoulos AE, Mastroianni CM, d'Ettorre G, Ceccarelli G. Oral Bacteriotherapy Reduces the Occurrence of Chronic Fatigue in COVID-19 Patients. Front Nutr 2022; 8:756177. [PMID: 35096923 PMCID: PMC8790565 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.756177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Long COVID refers to patients with symptoms as fatigue, “brain fog,” pain, suggesting the chronic involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) in COVID-19. The supplementation with probiotic (OB) would have a positive effect on metabolic homeostasis, negatively impacting the occurrence of symptoms related to the CNS after hospital discharge. On a total of 58 patients hospitalized for COVID-19, 24 (41.4%) received OB during hospitalization (OB+) while 34 (58.6%) taken only the standard treatment (OB–). Serum metabolomic profiling of patients has been performed at both hospital acceptance (T0) and discharge (T1). Six months after discharge, fatigue perceived by participants was assessed by administrating the Fatigue Assessment Scale. 70.7% of participants reported fatigue while 29.3% were negative for such condition. The OB+ group showed a significantly lower proportion of subjects reporting fatigue than the OB– one (p < 0.01). Furthermore, OB+ subjects were characterized by significantly increased concentrations of serum Arginine, Asparagine, Lactate opposite to lower levels of 3-Hydroxyisobutirate than those not treated with probiotics. Our results strongly suggest that in COVID-19, the administration of probiotics during hospitalization may prevent the development of chronic fatigue by impacting key metabolites involved in the utilization of glucose as well as in energy pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Laghi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Pinacchio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Vassalini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Celani
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Lazzaro
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristian Borrazzo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Marazzato
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tarsitani
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alexia E Koukopoulos
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio M Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Ikeda H. Plasma amino acid levels in individuals with bacterial pneumonia and healthy controls. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 44:204-210. [PMID: 34330467 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Amino acids play an important role in immune responses and as neurotransmitters. During the course of a bacterial pneumonia episode, from the onset to the recovery phase, immune responses dramatically change, as does the metabolism of amino acids, a concept referred to as immuno-nutrition. We investigated the differences in plasma amino acid levels (PAA) between the acute and recovery phases in individuals with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and healthy controls. METHODS Two groups of participants were recruited: Healthy adults aged over 60 years and patients hospitalized with CAP. Samples were collected on Day 0 (the day of admission) and Day 7 (after 6-8 days treatment). RESULTS A total of 93 healthy adults and 60 patients with CAP participated in the study. Of those with CAP, 43 had their amino acids measured on Day 7. Patients with CAP had markedly decreased PAA of 12 amino acids on Day 0. Citrulline, histidine, and tryptophan remained low in male, while aspartic acid, asparagine, ornithine, proline, and threonine were higher on Day 7 in both males and females. Phenylalanine increased at Day 0 and Day7. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the host response against bacterial infection changed the plasma amino acid levels. PAA on Day 7 (representing convalescence) continued to display an amino acid profile distinct from that observed in healthy individuals. Based on these findings, reconsideration for providing amino acids to patients with bacterial pneumonia should be needed depending on stage of the pneumonia from the perspective of immuno-nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Ikeda
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sanyudo Hospital, Yonezawa, Japan.
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9
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Lomova NA, Chagovets VV, Dolgopolova EL, Novoselova AV, Petrova UL, Shmakov RG, Frankevich VE. Changes in amino acid profile of cord blood plasma and amniotic fluid of mothers with COVID-19. BULLETIN OF RUSSIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2021.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 are at risk for infection, they may have high risk of complications during the neonatal period, and long-term health consequences. The study was aimed to define the amino acid profile of blood plasma and amniotic fluid in patients with COVID-19 in order to assess the relationship between the COVID-19 infection during the antenatal period, and metabolomic alterations in the “intrauterine” patient. The levels of 31 amino acids in the samples of amniotic fluid and cord blood plasma of pregnant women with COVID-19, obtained during delivery, were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The index group included 29 patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, and the control group included 17 healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancies. There were significant (p < 0.05) differences in the concentrations of eight amino acids between the studied groups. Logistic regression models were developed (sensitivity 0.84; specificity 1) making it possible to define, whether the assessed amniotic fluid was obtained from COVID-19 patients. Significant differences in the concentrations of four amino acids were observed in the umbilical cord blood. The models developed made it possible to define whether the studied cord blood plasma belonged to controls or to COVID-19 patients (sensitivity and specificity 1). Three amino acids were detected, and their levels were significantly different in COVID-19 patients simultaneously in two points (amniotic fluid and cord blood plasma), depicting the fetal metabolome in a holistic manner. The impact of the virus on those infected results in pronounced metabolomic alterations in the amniotic fluid and the fetal cord blood plasma, which may lead to impaired programming of protein production, but never show up at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- NA Lomova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V. I. Kulakov, Moscow, Russia
| | - VV Chagovets
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V. I. Kulakov, Moscow, Russia
| | - EL Dolgopolova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V. I. Kulakov, Moscow, Russia
| | - AV Novoselova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V. I. Kulakov, Moscow, Russia
| | - UL Petrova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V. I. Kulakov, Moscow, Russia
| | - RG Shmakov
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V. I. Kulakov, Moscow, Russia
| | - VE Frankevich
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V. I. Kulakov, Moscow, Russia
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Pandey S, Adnan Siddiqui M, Azim A, Trigun SK, Sinha N. Serum metabolic profiles of septic shock patients based upon co-morbidities and other underlying conditions. Mol Omics 2021; 17:260-276. [PMID: 33399607 DOI: 10.1039/d0mo00177e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis and management of patients with septic shock is still a significant challenge for clinicians with its high mortality amongst hospitalized patients. Septic shock is a heterogeneous condition and is usually accompanied by various underlying disease conditions. Dissecting the specific metabolic changes induced by these underlying disease conditions through metabolomics has shown the potential to improve our understanding of the disease's relevant pathophysiological mechanisms, leading to improved treatment. This study has shown the metabolic alterations caused due to co-morbid conditions like diabetes, hypertension, CAD, and CKD in septic shock. It has also shown the distinct metabolic profiles of septic shock patients with underlying respiratory illnesses and encephalopathy. Metabolic profiling of sera obtained from 50 septic shock patients and 20 healthy controls was performed using high-resolution 1D 1H CPMG and diffusion-edited NMR spectra. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to identify the potential molecular biomarkers. Noted dysregulations in amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipid metabolism were observed in septic shock patients. Further stratification within the septic shock patients based on co-morbid conditions and primary diagnosis has shown their role in causing metabolic alterations. Evaluation of these compounds during treatment will help design a personalized treatment protocol for the patients, improving therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnima Pandey
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, India.
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Epithelial Dysfunction in Lung Diseases: Effects of Amino Acids and Potential Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1265:57-70. [PMID: 32761570 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45328-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lung diseases affect millions of individuals all over the world. Various environmental factors, such as toxins, chemical pollutants, detergents, viruses, bacteria, microbial dysbiosis, and allergens, contribute to the development of respiratory disorders. Exposure to these factors activates stress responses in host cells and disrupt lung homeostasis, therefore leading to dysfunctional epithelial barriers. Despite significant advances in therapeutic treatments for lung diseases in the last two decades, novel interventional targets are imperative, considering the side effects and limited efficacy in patients treated with currently available drugs. Nutrients, such as amino acids (e.g., arginine, glutamine, glycine, proline, taurine, and tryptophan), peptides, and bioactive molecules, have attracted more and more attention due to their abilities to reduce oxidative stress, inhibit apoptosis, and regulate immune responses, thereby improving epithelial barriers. In this review, we summarize recent advances in amino acid metabolism in the lungs, as well as multifaceted functions of amino acids in attenuating inflammatory lung diseases based on data from studies with both human patients and animal models. The underlying mechanisms for the effects of physiological amino acids are likely complex and involve cell signaling, gene expression, and anti-oxidative reactions. The beneficial effects of amino acids are expected to improve the respiratory health and well-being of humans and other animals. Because viruses (e.g., coronavirus) and environmental pollutants (e.g., PM2.5 particles) induce severe damage to the lungs, it is important to determine whether dietary supplementation or intravenous administration of individual functional amino acids (e.g., arginine-HCl, citrulline, N-acetylcysteine, glutamine, glycine, proline and tryptophan) or their combinations to affected subjects may alleviate injury and dysfunction in this vital organ.
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Ferrara F, De Rosa F, Vitiello A. The Central Role of Clinical Nutrition in COVID-19 Patients During and After Hospitalization in Intensive Care Unit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2:1064-1068. [PMID: 32838168 PMCID: PMC7360691 DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00410-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19-positive patient who is subject to a hyperinflammatory condition associated with lung injury with the development of pneumonia is hospitalized in the intensive care unit. Before resolving and overcoming the "cytokine storm," with overexpression of pro-inflammatory interleukins (IL-, Il-6), this patient will be intubated for more than 48 h and therefore needs adequate nutrition. Malnutrition can lead to sarcopenia with a decrease in lean body mass and worsening of the inflammatory state underway. In addition, severe debilitation, if not corrected with adequate nutrition, can greatly lengthen rehabilitation times with prolonged hospitalization, increased costs, and reduced turn over already in crisis due to the health emergency caused by coronavirus. The aim of this study is to focus attention on the nutritional importance that must be provided in case of COVID-19 together with pharmacological treatments to lower the number of circulating proinflammatory cytokines. Oral, enteral, and parenteral nutrition should always be carried out according to the patient's condition and, in the case of a hyperinflammatory patient, such as the one affected by COVID-19, it has been shown that the supplementation of amino acids helps to lower the inflammatory state and promotes normal physiological recovery.
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