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Yavuz A, Küçük A, Ergörün Aİ, Dursun AD, Yiğman Z, Alkan M, Arslan M. Evaluation of the efficacy of silymarin and dexmedetomidine on kidney and lung tissue in the treatment of sepsis in rats with cecal perforation. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:242. [PMID: 38655036 PMCID: PMC11036365 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome that develops in the host against microorganisms. This response develops away from the primary infection site and results in end-organ damage. The present study aimed to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects on lung and kidney tissue of silymarin (S) and dexmedetomidine (DEX) applied 1 h before and after sepsis induced by the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) method in rats. A total of 62 rats was randomly divided into eight groups: i) Control (n=6); ii) cecal perforation (CLP; n=8); iii) S + CLP (n=8; S + CLP; S administered 1 h before CPL); iv) CLP + S (n=8; S administered 1 h after CLP); v) DEX + CLP (n=8; D + CLP; DEX administered 1 h before CLP); vi) CLP + D (n=8; DEX administered 1 h after CLP); vii) SD + CLP (n=8; S and DEX administered 1 h before CLP) and viii) CLP + SD (n=8; S and DEX administered 1 h after CLP). After the cecum filled with stool, it was tied with 3/0 silk under the ileocecal valve and the anterior surface of the cecum was punctured twice with an 18-gauge needle. A total of 100 mg/kg silymarin and 100 µg/kg DEX were administered intraperitoneally to the treatment groups. Lung and kidney tissue samples were collected to evaluate biochemical and histopathological parameters. In the histopathological examination, all parameters indicating kidney injury; interstitial edema, peritubular capillary dilatation, vacuolization, ablation of tubular epithelium from the basement membrane, loss of brush border in the proximal tubule epithelium, cell swelling and nuclear defragmentation; were increased in the CLP compared with the control group. Silymarin administration increased kidney damage, including ablation of tubular epithelium from the basement membrane, compared with that in the CLP group. DEX significantly reduced kidney damage compared with the CLP and silymarin groups. The co-administration of DEX + silymarin decreased kidney damage, although it was not as effective as DEX-alone. To conclude, intraperitoneal DEX ameliorated injury in CLP rats. DEX + silymarin partially ameliorated injury but silymarin administration increased damage. As a result, silymarin has a negative effects with this dosage and DEX has a protective effect. In the present study, it was determined that using the two drugs together had a greater therapeutic effect than silymarin and no differences in the effects were not observed any when the application times of the agents were changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydin Yavuz
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Küçük
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kutahya Health Science University, Kutahya 43020, Turkey
| | - Aydan İremnur Ergörün
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Ali Doğan Dursun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atılım University, Ankara 06830, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Yiğman
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Metin Alkan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Arslan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
- Life Sciences Application and Research Center, Gazi University, Ankara 06830, Turkey
- Laboratory Animal Breeding and Experimental Research Center, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
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Bostancı H, Erel S, Küçük A, Kip G, Sezen ŞC, Gokgoz S, Atlı M, Aktepe F, Dikmen K, Arslan M, Kavutçu M. Dexmedetomidine's Effects on the Livers and Kidneys of Rats with Pancreatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:1785-1797. [PMID: 38828020 PMCID: PMC11141764 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s441773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Pancreatic surgeries inherently cause ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, affecting not only the pancreas but also distant organs. This study was conducted to explore the potential use of dexmedetomidine, a sedative with antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, in mitigating the impacts of pancreatic IR on kidney and liver tissues. Methods A total of 24 rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (C), dexmedetomidine (D), ischemia reperfusion (IR), and dexmedetomidine ischemia reperfusion (D-IR). Pancreatic ischemia was induced in the IR and D-IR groups. Dexmedetomidine was administered intraperitoneally to the D and D-IR groups. Liver and kidney tissue samples were subjected to microscopic examinations after hematoxylin and eosin staining. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), aryllesterase (AES), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme activity were assessed in liver and kidney tissues. The serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine were measured. Results A comparison of the groups revealed that the IR group exhibited significantly elevated TBARS (p < 0.0001), AES (p = 0.004), and CAT enzyme activity (p < 0.0001) levels in the liver and kidney compared to groups C and D. Group D-IR demonstrated notably reduced histopathological damage (p < 0.05) and low TBARS (p < 0.0001), AES (p = 0.004), and CAT enzyme activity (p < 0.0001) in the liver and kidney as well as low AST and ALT activity levels (p < 0.0001) in the serum compared to the IR group. Conclusion The preemptive administration of dexmedetomidine before pancreatic IR provides significant protection to kidney and liver tissues, as evidenced by the histopathological and biochemical parameters in this study. The findings underscored the potential therapeutic role of dexmedetomidine in mitigating the multiorgan damage associated with pancreatic surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Bostancı
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selin Erel
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Küçük
- Kutahya Health Sciences University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Gülay Kip
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şaban Cem Sezen
- Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Seda Gokgoz
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muharrem Atlı
- Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Feyza Aktepe
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kursat Dikmen
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Arslan
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara, Turkey
- Gazi University, Life Sciences Application and Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
- Gazi University, Laboratory Animal Breeding and Experimental Research Center (GUDAM), Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kavutçu
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
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Ma Q, Zheng L, Cheng H, Li X, Liu Z, Gong P. PDCD4-induced oxidative stress through FGR/NF-κB axis in rectal cancer radiotherapy-induced AKI. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:111779. [PMID: 38581987 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of the effect of PDCD4 on radiotherapy-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in rectal cancer through the regulation of FGR/NF-κB signaling. Differentially expressed genes were identified using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE90627 for rectal cancer and GSE145085 for AKI) and R software. The human renal tubular epithelial cell line, HK-2, was used to establish an in vitro model of radiotherapy-induced AKI. RT-qPCR and western blotting were used to detect gene and protein expression levels, respectively. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed using the CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels in the cell culture supernatants were determined. Additionally, an in vivo AKI model was established using BALB/c mice, and kidney tissue morphology, expression of the renal injury molecule KIM-1, apoptosis of renal tubular cells, and TAS and TOS in serum were evaluated. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the upregulated expression of PDCD4 in AKI. In vitro experiments demonstrated that PDCD4 induced apoptosis in renal tubular cells by promoting FGR expression, which activated the NF-κB signaling pathway and triggered an oxidative stress response. In vivo animal experiments confirmed that PDCD4 promoted oxidative stress response and radiotherapy-induced AKI through the activation of the FGR/NF-κB signaling pathway. Silencing PDCD4 attenuated radiotherapy-induced AKI. Our findings suggest that PDCD4 may induce radiotherapy-induced AKI in rectal cancer by promoting FGR expression, activating the NF-κB signaling pathway, and triggering an oxidative stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, PR China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, PR China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Zhining Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, PR China.
| | - Peng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, PR China.
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Özer A, Şengel N, Küçük A, Yığman Z, Özdemir Ç, Kılıç Y, Dursun AD, Bostancı H, Kip G, Arslan M. The Effect of Cerium Oxide (CeO 2) on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Skeletal Muscle in Mice with Streptozocin-Induced Diabetes. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:752. [PMID: 38792935 PMCID: PMC11122892 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Lower extremity ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) may occur with trauma-related vascular injury and various vascular diseases, during the use of a tourniquet, in temporary clamping of the aorta in aortic surgery, or following acute or bilateral acute femoral artery occlusion. Mitochondrial dysfunction and increased basal oxidative stress in diabetes may cause an increase in the effects of increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial dysfunction due to IRI. It is of great importance to examine therapeutic approaches that can minimize the effects of IRI, especially for patient groups under chronic oxidative stress such as DM. Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles mimic antioxidant enzymes and act as a catalyst that scavenges ROS. In this study, it was aimed to investigate whether CeO2 has protective effects on skeletal muscles in lower extremity IRI in mice with streptozocin-induced diabetes. Methods: A total of 38 Swiss albino mice were divided into six groups as follows: control group (group C, n = 6), diabetes group (group D, n = 8), diabetes-CeO2 (group DCO, n = 8), diabetes-ischemia/reperfusion (group DIR, n = 8), and diabetes-ischemia/reperfusion-CeO2 (group DIRCO, n = 8). The DCO and DIRCO groups were given doses of CeO2 of 0.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally 30 min before the IR procedure. A 120 min ischemia-120 min reperfusion period with 100% O2 was performed. At the end of the reperfusion period, muscle tissues were removed for histopathological and biochemical examinations. Results: Total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were found to be significantly lower in group DIR compared with group D (p = 0.047 and p = 0.022, respectively). In group DIRCO, total oxidant status (TOS) levels were found to be significantly higher than in group DIR (p < 0.001). The oxidative stress index (OSI) was found to be significantly lower in group DIR compared with group DCO (p < 0.001). Paraoxanase (PON) enzyme activity was found to be significantly increased in group DIR compared with group DCO (p < 0.001). The disorganization and degeneration score for muscle cells, inflammatory cell infiltration score, and total injury score in group DIRCO were found to be significantly lower than in group DIR (p = 0.002, p = 0.034, and p = 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Our results confirm that CeO2, with its antioxidative properties, reduces skeletal muscle damage in lower extremity IRI in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Özer
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey;
| | - Necmiye Şengel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara 06490, Turkey;
| | - Ayşegül Küçük
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya 43020, Turkey;
| | - Zeynep Yığman
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey;
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Gazi University, Ankara 06830, Turkey
| | - Çağrı Özdemir
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey; (Ç.Ö.); (G.K.)
| | - Yiğit Kılıç
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, Gazi Yaşargil Education Research Hospital, Diyarbakır 21010, Turkey;
| | - Ali Doğan Dursun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atılım University, Ankara 06830, Turkey;
| | - Hasan Bostancı
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey;
| | - Gülay Kip
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey; (Ç.Ö.); (G.K.)
| | - Mustafa Arslan
- Life Sciences Application and Research Center, Gazi University, Ankara 06830, Turkey
- Laboratory Animal Breeding and Experimental Researches Center (GÜDAM), Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
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Gao X, Wu Y. Perioperative acute kidney injury: The renoprotective effect and mechanism of dexmedetomidine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 695:149402. [PMID: 38159412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a highly selective and potent α2-adrenoceptor (α2-AR) agonist that is widely used as a clinical anesthetic to induce anxiolytic, sedative, and analgesic effects. In recent years, a growing body of evidence has demonstrated that DEX protects against acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by sepsis, drugs, surgery, and ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in organs or tissues, indicating its potential role in the prevention and treatment of AKI. In this review, we summarized the evidence of the renoprotective effects of DEX on different models of AKI and explored the mechanism. We found that the renoprotective effects of DEX mainly involved antisympathetic effects, reducing inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress, reducing apoptosis, increasing autophagy, reducing ferroptosis, protecting renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs), and inhibiting renal fibrosis. Thus, the use of DEX is a promising strategy for the management and treatment of perioperative AKI. The aim of this review is to further clarify the renoprotective mechanism of DEX to provide a theoretical basis for its use in basic research in various AKI models, clinical management, and the treatment of perioperative AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Gao
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yaohua Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, Hube, China.
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Şengel N, Küçük A, Özdemir Ç, Sezen ŞC, Kip G, Er F, Dursun AD, Polat Y, Kavutçu M, Arslan M. The Effect of Sevoflurane and Fullerenol C 60 on the Liver and Kidney in Lower Extremity Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice with Streptozocin-Induced Diabetes. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7543-7557. [PMID: 38111848 PMCID: PMC10725837 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s432924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to demonstrate whether fullerenol C60, sevoflurane anesthesia, or a combination of both had protective effects on the liver and kidneys in lower extremity ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in mice with streptozocin-induced diabetes. Methods A total of 46 Swiss albino mice were divided into six groups as follows: control group (group C, n=7), diabetes group (group D, n=7), diabetes-ischemia/reperfusion (group DIR, n=8), diabetes-ischemia/reperfusion-fullerenol C60 (group DIR-FC60, n=8), diabetes-ischemia/reperfusion-sevoflurane (group DIR-S, n=8), and the diabetes-ischemia/reperfusion-fullerenol C60-sevoflurane (group DIR-S-FC60, n=8). Fullerenol C60 (100mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 30 min before the ischemia-reperfusion procedure to the fullerenol groups (DIR-FC60 and DIR-S-FC60). In the DIR groups, 2 hours (h) ischemia-2h reperfusion periods were performed. In the sevoflurane groups, sevoflurane was applied during the ischemia-reperfusion period with 100% O2. Liver and kidney tissues were removed at the end of the reperfusion procedure for biochemical and histopathological examinations. Results In liver tissue, hydropic degeneration, sinusoidal dilatation, pycnotic nuclei, prenecrotic cells, and mononuclear cell infiltration in parenchyma were significantly more frequent in group DIR than in groups D and group C. In terms of the histopathologic criteria examined, more positive results were seen in group DIR-FC60, and when group DIR-FC60 was compared with group DIR, the difference was significant. The best results in AST, ALT, glucose, TBARS levels, and SOD enzyme activities in liver tissue were in group DIR-FC60 compared with group DIR, followed by groups DIR-S-FC60 and DIR-S, respectively. Regarding TBARS levels and SOD enzyme activities in kidney tissue, the best results were in groups DIR-FC60, DIR-S-FC60, and DIR-S, respectively. Conclusion According to our findings, it is clear that fullerenol C60 administered intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia, alone or together with sevoflurane, reduces oxidative stress in distant organ damage caused by lower extremity IRI, and reduces liver and kidney tissue damage in histopathologic examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necmiye Şengel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, (As a Specialist in Anesthesiology and Reanimation), Gazi University Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Küçük
- Department of Physiology, Kutahya Health Sciences University Faculty of Medicine, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Çağrı Özdemir
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Mamak State Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şaban Cem Sezen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Gülay Kip
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Er
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Doğan Dursun
- Department of Physiology, Atılım University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yücel Polat
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Tekirdağ Dr. Ismail Fehmi Cumalıoğlu City Hospital, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kavutçu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Arslan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- Life Sciences Application and Research Center, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
- Laboratory Animal Breeding and Experimental Researches Center (GÜDAM), Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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