Abdominal Fat Is Directly Associated With Inflammation In Persons With Type-2 Diabetes Regardless Of Glycemic Control - A Jordanian Study

Association between body roundness index and suicidal ideation in U.S. adults: A cross-sectional study

Purpose

The relationship between the body roundness index (BRI) and suicidal ideation has not been previously examined. This study aimed to investigate this association through a cross-sectional analysis.

Method

The data used in this study was extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ranging from 2011 to 2012 to 2017-2018. The BRI was calculated from body measurement data, while a questionnaire was used to assess suicidal ideation. Weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis, weighted stratified analysis, and smooth curve fitting were conducted to assess the relationship between the BRI and suicidal ideation. Results: A total of 12,878 participants were included in the study with 441 of them reported experiencing suicidal thoughts. After adjusted for all covariates, a one-unit increase in BRI was associated with a 5 % greater likelihood of having suicidal thoughts [1.05 (1.00, 1.10)]. Additionally, BRI was categorized into quartiles, and individuals in the highest quartile were 1.52 times as likely to experience suicidal thoughts compared to those in the lowest quartile [1.52 (1.03, 2.25)]. There were no interaction effects between BRI and suicidal ideation for any subgroups stratified by demographics.

Conclusion

The present study indicated that a greater BRI was significantly associated with higher levels of suicidal ideation. The findings underscore the importance of considering BRI as a potential indicator for identifying individuals at elevated risk of suicidal ideation. The study also emphasizes the need for a shift towards a weight-inclusive approach in public health, which can help reduce societal pressures and mitigate the psychological impact of weight stigma.

Reframing Diabetes Prevention: From Body Shaming to Metabolic Reprogramming

This review integrates new developments in psychology with updated physiological insight on the complex relationships among chronic psychological stress (arising from weight stigmatization and body shaming), food composition, physical activity and metabolic health for the example of diabetes. We address how visual measures of health, such as body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio, do not adequately capture metabolic health and can instead contribute to weight stigmatization, chronic stress, and system-wide impairment of metabolic health. We also emphasize the importance of food composition over calorie counting. We summarize how chronic stress interacts with nutritional deficiencies and physical inactivity to disrupt the stress response, immune response, gut microbiome, and function of fat depots. We specifically address how interactions among lifestyle factors and the gut microbiome regulate whether fat stored around the waist has a negative or positive effect on metabolic health. We aim to provide a resource and updated framework for diabetes prevention and health promotion by (i) highlighting metabolic imbalances triggered by lifestyle changes during the transition to industrialized society and (ii) detailing the potential to support metabolic health through access to modest, but comprehensive lifestyle adjustments.

Association between cardiometabolic index and risk of testosterone deficiency in adult men: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

Metabolic health is closely related to testosterone levels, and the cardiometabolic index (CMI) is a novel metabolic evaluation metric that encompasses obesity and lipid metabolism. However, there is currently a lack of research on the relationship between CMI and testosterone, which is the objective of this study.

METHODS

This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles from 2011 to 2016. Only adult males who completed physical measurements, lipid metabolism assessments, and testosterone measurements were included in the final analysis. The exposure variable CMI was analyzed both as a continuous variable and a categorical variable divided into quartiles. Testosterone was measured using the isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to explore the relationship between CMI and total testosterone (TT) levels, as well as the risk of testosterone deficiency (TD). Smooth curve fittings were employed to visualize their linear relationships. Subgroup analyses were conducted to evaluate the stability of our results across different participant characteristics. Finally, ROC analysis was used to assess the performance of CMI in predicting TD.

RESULTS

A total of 2,747 participants were included in the analysis, including 552 with TD (20.10%). The average CMI of the sample was 1.59 ± 0.03, with TD participants having a higher CMI of 2.18 ± 0.08 compared to non-TD participants at 1.46 ± 0.03. Corresponding testosterone levels were 223.79 ± 3.69 ng/dL and 508.36 ± 5.73 ng/dL, respectively. After adjusting for all covariates, participants with higher CMI showed lower TT (β = -23.84, 95% CI: -33.94, -13.74, p < 0.0001) and a higher risk of TD (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.48, p = 0.01). When CMI was categorized into quartiles with Q1 as the reference, participants in Q4 exhibited significantly lower TT (β = -74.04, 95% CI: -106.01, -42.08, p < 0.0001) and a higher risk of TD (OR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.18, 4.64, p = 0.02). Smooth curve fittings indicated a linear relationship between these variables. Subgroup analyses confirmed the stability of these associations across different population characteristics. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that CMI had good predictive performance for TD with a cut-off value of 1.126 and an AUC (95% CI) of 0.673 (0.649, 0.700).

CONCLUSION

CMI is associated with lower TT and a higher risk of TD, and it can predict the risk of TD. Using CMI for early detection and timely intervention could reduce the disease burden and promote reproductive health. Further prospective studies with large sample sizes are needed to validate these findings.

Non-linear associations of cardiometabolic index with insulin resistance, impaired fasting glucose, and type 2 diabetes among US adults: a cross-sectional study

Background

Cardiometabolic index (CMI) is a novel indicator for predicting the risk of obesity-related diseases. We aimed to determine the relationships of CMI with insulin resistance (IR), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using NHANES data from 1999 to 2020.

Methods

After CMI values were estimated, weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to ascertain whether CMI was an independent risk indicator for IR, IFG, and T2DM. Furthermore, stratified analyses and interaction analyses were carried out to investigate the heterogeneity of correlations across various subgroups. Subsequently, restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to examine nonlinear relationships.

Results

21,304 US adults were enrolled in our study, of whom 5,326 (22.38%) had IR, 4,706 (20.17%) had IFG, and 3,724 (13.02%) had T2DM. In the studied population, a higher CMI index value was significantly associated with an elevated likelihood of IR, IFG, and T2DM. In the RCS regression model, the relationship between CMI and IR, IFG, and T2DM was identified as nonlinear. A nonlinear inverted U-shaped relationship was found between CMI and IFG, and an inverse L-shaped association was observed between CMI and IR, CMI and T2DM. The cut-off values of CMI were 1.35, 1.48, and 1.30 for IR, IFG, and T2DM, respectively.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that CMI was positively correlated with an increase in IR, IFG, and T2DM in the studied population. CMI may be a simple and effective surrogate indicator of IR, IFG, and T2DM.

Sex Differences in the Relationship between Abdominal Obesity and Cardiovascular Death in Elderly Patients with Permanent Pacemakers Implantation: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Objectives

This study aims to investigate the association between waist circumference (WC) and cardiovascular death in patients with permanent pacemakers (PPMs).

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study that enrolled patients who underwent PPM implantation in Fuwai Hospital from May 2010 to April 2014, according to the BIOTRONIK Home Monitoring database. The WC was treated as sex-specific quartiles, and patients were divided into three groups according to body mass index (BMI): normal (≤22.9 kg/m2), overweight (23-24.9 kg/m2), and obese (≥25 kg/m2). Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for cardiovascular death according to WC and BMI in patients.

Results

492 patients with PPMs implantation were analyzed (mean age: 71.9 ± 10.8 years; 55.1% men (n = 271)). Data showed that after a mean follow-up 67.2 ± 17.5 months, 24 (4.9%) patients had experienced cardiovascular death and 71 (14.4%) were cases of all-cause mortality. Men in the third quartile of WC had an HR of 10.67 (Model 4, 95% CI: 1.00-115.21, p trend = 0.04) for cardiovascular death. However, the association disappeared in female patients (Model 4, HR = 3.99, 95% CI: 0.37-42.87, p trend = 0.25). There was no association between BMI and cardiovascular death or all-cause mortality in both male and female patients.

Conclusions

Abdominal obesity was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular death in patients with PPMs, and this relationship was only in male patients.

Risk Factors for Cardiometabolic Disease in Professional Firefighters

OBJECTIVE

Firefighters are plagued with cardiometabolic disease (CMD). Obesity, poor cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, and blood lipids (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) are risk factors for CMD. However, markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance can provide further insight regarding CMD risk.

METHODS

This study investigated the relationships between fitness metrics (cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, percent body fat, waist circumference), blood lipids, blood pressure, and years of experience as a firefighter to blood markers of insulin resistance: Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), oxidative stress: advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), and inflammation: C-reactive protein.

RESULTS

Waist circumference and blood concentrations of triglycerides were significantly related to AOPPs and HOMA-IR. Cardiorespiratory fitness was inversely related to AOPPs, HOMA-IR and C-reactive protein.

CONCLUSION

These findings demonstrate the importance of high cardiorespiratory fitness and low waist circumference to reduce markers of CMD.

Association Metabolic Obesity Phenotypes with Cardiometabolic Index, Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Novel Anthropometric Indices: A Link of FTO-rs9939609 Polymorphism

BACKGROUND

The role of metabolic states in cardiovascular risks among individuals with varying degrees of obesity is unknown. The study aimed to compare cardiometabolic index (CMI), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), lipid accumulation product (LAP) and novel anthropometric indices in metabolic and non-metabolically obese individual with regard to the role of FTO gene in Iranian adults.

METHODS

In total, 165 individuals were recruited into this cross-sectional study. Individuals grouped into four groups: metabolic healthy normal-weight (MHNW) individuals, metabolically unhealthy normal-weight (MUNW) individuals, metabolically healthy obese (MHO) individuals and metabolic unhealthy obese (MUO) individuals. The dietary intake was evaluated by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The cardiovascular indices (CMI, AIP and LAP) were calculated. A variety of anthropometric indices were calculated, including body adiposity Index (BAI), weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI), A body shape index (ABSI) and waist-height ratio (WHR). The genotypes of FTO-rs9939609 subjects were detected by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).

RESULTS

The individuals with metabolically unhealthy phenotypes (MUO, MUNW) have higher levels of triglyceride and cardiovascular indices (AIP, LAP and CMI) than the individuals with metabolic healthy phenotypes (MHO, MHNW). With a similar degree of obesity, the anthropometric indices (BAI, WWI and WHR) levels were higher in metabolic unhealthy groups than metabolically healthy groups. The highest frequency of obesity-risk allele AA of FTO gene was observed in MUO, MHO, MUNW and MHNW, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Normal-weight individuals with metabolic unhealthy status are at higher risk for cardiovascular diseases than obese individuals with metabolically healthy status. The genotype frequencies of obesity-risk allele AA of FTO gene were higher in obesity phenotypes than metabolic phenotypes.

The Relation between Eating Habits and Abdominal Fat, Anthropometry, PON1 and IL-6 Levels in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

BACKGROUND

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of an inflammatory, demyelinating and autoimmune nature. Diets with a high caloric density could be especially relevant in terms of the pathogenesis related to an increase in adipose tissue that is metabolically active and releases mediators, which can induce systemic inflammation and an increased oxidation state. The aim of this study was to analyse the eating habits related to calorie intake and their impact on abdominal obesity associated with anthropometric variables, the activity of the oxidation marker paraoxonase 1 (PON1), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levelsin MS patients.

METHODS

An analytical and quantitative observational study was conducted with a population of 57 MS patients. The dietary-nutritional anamnesis was gained through the Food Frequency Questionnaire and a food diary. Diet and eating habits have been analysed through the Easy Diet-Programa de gestión de la consulta® software. Anthropometric measurements were taken in order to determine the presence of abdominal obesity. In addition, PON1 was quantified in serum by means of automated spectrophotometric assays and IL-6 was quantified using the ELISA technique.

RESULTS

A normal calorie intake was determined for women, yet a slightly lower intake was observed in men. Carbohydrate consumption was below what was established, and protein and lipids were over, in both cases. Furthermore, most patients had abdominal obesity, with significantly higher body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), fat percentage and IL-6 levels. IL-6 is greatly correlated with waist circumference and WHtR.

CONCLUSION

MS patients' nutrient intake shows an imbalance between macronutrients. This seems to favour the abdominal obesity associated with high values of proinflammatory IL-6 that is not correlated with a lower activity of PON1.