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Herlo A, Marinescu AR, Cut TG, Laza R, Oancea CI, Manolescu D, Hogea E, Porosnicu TM, Sincaru SV, Dumache R, Ispas S, Nelson Twakor A, Nicolae M, Lazureanu VE. Risk Factors for Pulmonary Embolism in Individuals Infected with SARS-CoV2-A Single-Centre Retrospective Study. Biomedicines 2024; 12:774. [PMID: 38672130 PMCID: PMC11048050 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV2 has presented itself as a significant global health crisis. The prevalence of thrombotic events is known to be high in these patients, affecting various organ systems, sometimes leading to cutaneous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism (PE), stroke, or coronary thrombosis. The available evidence suggests that thromboembolism, hypercoagulability, and the excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines play a significant role in the development of multiorgan failure. Methodology: This retrospective single-centre study was conducted at "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timisoara, Romania, involving a total of 420 patients diagnosed with COVID-19. We separated them into a CONTROL group that included 319 patients, and an intervention group (PE) with 101 patients that, subsequent to infection with the virus, developed pulmonary embolism. The study included the reporting of demographic data, laboratory findings, and comorbidities. Results: Out of a total of 420 patients, 24% experienced pulmonary embolism, while 21.42% died. Arterial thrombotic events were found to be associated with factors such as age, cardiovascular disease, levels of white blood cells, D-dimers, and albumin in the blood. The findings of the study indicate that there is an independent association between pulmonary thrombosis and hypertension (odds ratio (OR): 1.1; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7 to 1.7; p = 0.6463), cancer (OR: 1.1; 95% CI: 0.6 to 2.3; p = 0.6014), and COPD (OR: 1.2; 95% CI: 0.6 to 2.3; p = 0.4927). On the other hand, there is a stronger correlation between PE and obesity (OR: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.7 to 4.6; p < 0.0001), diabetes (OR: 3.3; 95% CI: 2 to 5.3; p < 0.0001), and dyslipidemia (OR: 3.6; 95% CI: 2.3 to 5.8; p < 0.0001) in a multivariable regression logistic model. Conclusions: Patients diagnosed with severe forms of COVID-19 display a comparable incidence of arterial thrombotic events, which have been linked to poor survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Herlo
- Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.H.); (A.R.M.); (T.G.C.); (R.L.); (V.E.L.)
| | - Adelina Raluca Marinescu
- Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.H.); (A.R.M.); (T.G.C.); (R.L.); (V.E.L.)
| | - Talida Georgiana Cut
- Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.H.); (A.R.M.); (T.G.C.); (R.L.); (V.E.L.)
| | - Ruxandra Laza
- Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.H.); (A.R.M.); (T.G.C.); (R.L.); (V.E.L.)
| | - Cristian Iulian Oancea
- Department XIII, Discipline of Pneumology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Center for Research and Innovation in Precision Medicine of Respiratory Diseases (CRIPMRD), Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Diana Manolescu
- Department XV, Discipline of Radiology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Elena Hogea
- Department XIV, Discipline of Microbiology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Tamara Mirela Porosnicu
- Doctoral School, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Intensive Care Unit, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases and Pneumology, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Suzana Vasilica Sincaru
- Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases and Transplant, Strada Gheorghe Maricescu, 540327 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Raluca Dumache
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Bioethics, Medical Ethics and Medical Law, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Sorina Ispas
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of General Medicine, “Ovidius” University, 900470 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Andreea Nelson Twakor
- Department of Internal Medicine, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Maria Nicolae
- Department of Pediatrics, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Voichita Elena Lazureanu
- Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.H.); (A.R.M.); (T.G.C.); (R.L.); (V.E.L.)
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Popescu IM, Margan MM, Anghel M, Mocanu A, Laitin SMD, Margan R, Capraru ID, Tene AA, Gal-Nadasan EG, Cirnatu D, Chicin GN, Oancea C, Anghel A. Developing Prediction Models for COVID-19 Outcomes: A Valuable Tool for Resource-Limited Hospitals. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:3053-3065. [PMID: 37489130 PMCID: PMC10363379 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s419206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Coronavirus disease is a global pandemic with millions of confirmed cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide that continues to create a significant burden on the healthcare systems. The aim of this study was to determine the patient clinical and paraclinical profiles that associate with COVID-19 unfavourable outcome and generate a prediction model that could separate between high-risk and low-risk groups. Patients and Methods The present study is a multivariate observational retrospective study. A total of 483 patients, residents of the municipality of Timișoara, the biggest city in the Western Region of Romania, were included in the study group that was further divided into 3 sub-groups in accordance with the disease severity form. Results Increased age (cOR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.06-1.11, p<0.001), cardiovascular diseases (cOR=3.37, 95% CI: 1.96-6.08, p<0.001), renal disease (cOR=4.26, 95% CI: 2.13-8.52, p<0.001), and neurological disorder (cOR=5.46, 95% CI: 2.71-11.01, p<0.001) were all independently significantly correlated with an unfavourable outcome in the study group. The severe form increases the risk of an unfavourable outcome 19.59 times (95% CI: 11.57-34.10, p<0.001), while older age remains an independent risk factor even when disease severity is included in the statistical model. An unfavourable outcome was positively associated with increased values for the following paraclinical parameters: white blood count (WBC; cOR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.05-1.15, p<0.001), absolute neutrophil count (ANC; cOR=1.15, 95% CI: 1.09-1.21, p<0.001) and C-reactive protein (CRP; cOR=1.007, 95% CI: 1.004-1.009, p<0.001). The best prediction model including age, ANC and CRP achieved a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with the area under the curve (AUC) = 0.845 (95% CI: 0.813-0.877, p<0.001); cut-off value = 0.12; sensitivity = 72.3%; specificity = 83.9%. Conclusion This model and risk profiling may contribute to a more precise allocation of limited healthcare resources in a clinical setup and can guide the development of strategies for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina-Maria Popescu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Discipline of Epidemiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Madalin-Marius Margan
- Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Public Health, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mariana Anghel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Discipline of Epidemiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Mocanu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorina Maria Denisa Laitin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Discipline of Epidemiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Margan
- Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Physiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ionut Dragos Capraru
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Discipline of Epidemiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | | | - Emanuela-Georgiana Gal-Nadasan
- Department of Balneology, Medical Rehabilitation and Rheumatology, Discipline of Medical Rehabilitation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daniela Cirnatu
- Regional Center of Public Health Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Medicine, “Vasile Goldis” Western University, Faculty of Medicine, Arad, Romania
| | - Gratiana Nicoleta Chicin
- Regional Center of Public Health Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, “Vasile Goldis” Western University, Faculty of Medicine, Arad, Romania
| | - Cristian Oancea
- Center for Research and Innovation in Precision Medicine of Respiratory Disease, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andrei Anghel
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Discipline of Biochemistry, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
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Novacescu AN, Buzzi B, Bedreag O, Papurica M, Rogobete AF, Sandesc D, Sorescu T, Baditoiu L, Musuroi C, Vlad D, Licker M. Bacterial and Fungal Superinfections in COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in an Intensive Care Unit from Timișoara, Romania. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:7001-7014. [PMID: 36478964 PMCID: PMC9721122 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s390681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Critically ill patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) have an increased infection risk. The aim of this study was to determine the bacterial and fungal superinfections rate in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients stationed in the ICU, identify risk factors associated with their development and to determine whether superinfection plays a role in patients' outcome in this population. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this retrospective, non-interventional, single centre, cohort study, medical records of 302 consecutive patients with SARS-COV-2 pneumonia admitted into the COVID-19 ICU of the largest university hospital from Western Romania between October 2020 and May 2021, were reviewed, of whom 236 patients met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS One hundred and nineteen patients developed a superinfection ≥48 h after being admitted to the hospital. Superinfection rate in the ICU was 50.42%. Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) and Enterococcus spp. were predominantly isolated from blood cultures, while Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida spp. from tracheobronchial aspirates. Significant independent risk factors regarding bacterial/fungal superinfection in COVID-19 patients were obtained for the following variables: number of days of central venous catheter (HR = 1.13 [1.07-1.20], p < 0.001) and prior administration of corticosteroids (HR = 2.80 [1.33-5.93], p = 0.007). Four independent predictive risk factors were associated with unfavorable outcome: age (HR = 1.07 [95% CI 1.03-1.12], p = 0.001); Carmeli Score (HR = 6.09 [1.18-31.50], p = 0.031); body mass index (HR = 1.11 [1.02-1.21], p = 0.011) and the presence of a central venous catheter (HR = 6.49 [1.93-21.89], p = 0.003). CONCLUSION The superinfection rate in COVID-19 patients was high in this study group. Exogenous risk factors were associated with superinfection more than endogenous factors. Only a small percentage of uninfected COVID-19 patients were not prescribed antibiotics during their hospitalization, raising serious concerns regarding the judicious prescribing of antibiotics in viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Noris Novacescu
- Doctoral School, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Compartment of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, ‘Dr. Victor Babes’ Infectious Diseases and Pulmonology Clinical Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Bettina Buzzi
- Clinic of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, ‘Pius Brînzeu’ Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Bedreag
- Clinic of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, ‘Pius Brînzeu’ Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marius Papurica
- Clinic of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, ‘Pius Brînzeu’ Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandru Florin Rogobete
- Clinic of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, ‘Pius Brînzeu’ Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dorel Sandesc
- Clinic of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, ‘Pius Brînzeu’ Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Teodora Sorescu
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Clinic of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, ‘Pius Brînzeu’ Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Luminita Baditoiu
- Department of Epidemiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Multidisciplinary Research Center on Antimicrobial Resistance, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Corina Musuroi
- Department of Microbiology, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Clinical Laboratory, ‘Pius Brînzeu’ Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daliborca Vlad
- Clinical Laboratory, ‘Pius Brînzeu’ Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Pharmacology, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Monica Licker
- Multidisciplinary Research Center on Antimicrobial Resistance, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Microbiology, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Clinical Laboratory, ‘Pius Brînzeu’ Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
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