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In vitro assessment of the effect of magnetic fields on efficacy of biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles by Alborzia kermanshahica. BMC Biotechnol 2024; 24:27. [PMID: 38725019 PMCID: PMC11080146 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00855-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria represent a rich resource of a wide array of unique bioactive compounds that are proving to be potent sources of anticancer drugs. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have shown an increasing potential as major therapeutic platforms and led to the production of higher levels of ROS that can present desirable anticancer properties. Chitosan-SeNPs have also presented antitumor properties against hepatic cancer cell lines, especially the Cht-NP (Chitosan-NPs), promoting ROS generation and mitochondria dysfunction. It is proposed that magnetic fields can add new dimensions to nanoparticle applications. Hence, in this study, the biosynthesis of SeNPs using Alborzia kermanshahica and chitosan (CS) as stabilizers has been developed. The SeNPs synthesis was performed at different cyanobacterial cultivation conditions, including control (without magnetic field) and magnetic fields of 30 mT and 60 mT. The SeNPs were characterized by uv-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, and TEM. In addition, the antibacterial activity, inhibition of bacterial growth, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), as well as the antifungal activity and cytotoxicity of SeNPs, were performed. The results of uv-visible spectrometry, DLS, and zeta potential showed that 60 mT had the highest value regarding the adsorption, size, and stabilization in compared to the control. FTIR spectroscopy results showed consistent spectra, but the increased intensity of peaks indicates an increase in bond number after exposure to 30 mT and 60 mT. The results of the antibacterial activity and the inhibition zone diameter of synthesized nanoparticles showed that Staphylococcus aureus was more sensitive to nanoparticles produced under 60 mT. Se-NPs produced by Alborzia kermanshahica cultured under a 60 mT magnetic field exhibit potent antimicrobial and anticancer properties, making them a promising natural agent for use in the pharmaceutical and biomedical industries.
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Process optimization for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Rubus discolor leaves extract and its biological activities against multi-drug resistant bacteria and cancer cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4130. [PMID: 38374139 PMCID: PMC10876668 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54702-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria are considered a serious public health threat. Also, increasing rate of resistance to anticancer drugs, as well as their toxicity, is another point of concern. Therefore, the new antibacterial and anticancer agents are always needed. The synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using medicinal plants, is an effective approach for developing novel antibacterial and anticancer agents. Rubus discolor, a native species of the Caucasus region, produces leaves that are typically discarded as a by-product of raspberry production. The present study has focused on optimizing the green synthesis of AgNPs using R. discolor leaves extract through response surface methodology. The optimal values for AgNPs synthesis were an AgNO3 concentration of 7.11 mM, a time of 17.83 h, a temperature of 56.51 °C, and an extract percentage of 29.22. The production of AgNPs was confirmed using UV-visible spectroscopy (λmax at 456.01 nm). TEM analysis revealed well-dispersed AgNPs (an average size of 37 nm). The XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline structure. The EDX detected a strong peak at 3 keV corresponded to Ag. The zeta potential value (- 44.2 mV) indicated the stability of nanoparticles. FT-IR spectra showed the presence of various functional groups from plant compounds, which play an important role in the capping and bio-reduction processes. The AgNPs revealed impressive antibacterial activities against MDR Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC ranging from 0.93 to 3.75 mg ml-1). The phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of phenolics, tannins, and flavonoids on the surface of AgNPs. They also showed significant cytotoxic effects on A431, MCF-7, and HepG2 cells (IC50 values ranging from 11 to 49.1 µg ml-l).
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Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Rubus fruticosus extract and their antibacterial efficacy against Erwinia caratovora and Ralstonia solanacearum phytopathogens. RSC Adv 2024; 14:5754-5763. [PMID: 38362085 PMCID: PMC10864949 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06723h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In the current research, we produced green, cost-effective, eco-friendly silver nanoparticles using a single-step approach. Plants are considered highly desirable systems for nanoparticle synthesis because they possess a variety of secondary metabolites with significant reduction potential. In the current research, the dried leaf extract of Rubus fruticosus was utilized as a capping and reducing agent for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles, to prepare reliable biogenic silver nanoparticles and subsequently to investigate their potential against some common phytopathogens. The prepared silver nanoparticles were exploited to quantify the total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC) and DPPH-based antioxidant activity. Different concentrations of aqueous extracts of plant leaves and silver nitrate (AgNO3) were reacted, and the color change of the reactant mixture confirmed the formation of Rubus fruticosus leaf-mediated silver nanoparticles (RFL-AgNPs). A series of characterization techniques such as UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction revealed the successful synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The surface plasmon resonance peak appeared at 449 nm. XRD analysis demonstrated the crystalline nature, EDX confirmed the purity, and TEM demonstrated that the nanoparticles are mostly spherical in form. Furthermore, the biosynthesized nanoparticles were screened for in vitro antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic and flavonoid content. The nanoparticles were used in different concentrations alone and in combination with plant extracts to inhibit Erwinia caratovora and Ralstonia solanacearum. In high-throughput assays used to inhibit these plant pathogens, the nanoparticles were highly toxic against bacterial pathogens. This study can be exploited for planta assays against phytopathogens utilizing the same formulations for nanoparticle synthesis and to develop potent antibacterial agents to combat plant diseases.
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Abstract
Regardless of etiology, hepatocarcinogenesis is frequently preceded by a distinctive sequence of chronic necroinflammation, compensatory hepatic regeneration, development of hepatic fibrosis, and ultimately cirrhosis. The liver being central immunomodulators, closely maintains immunotolerance. Any dysregulation in this management of immunotolerance is a hallmark of chronic hepatic disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Apart from other malignancies, hepatocellular carcinoma accounts for 90% of liver cancers. Several emerging evidences have recognized diet as lifestyle associated risk factor in HCC development. However, natural compounds have the potential to fight hepatoma aggressiveness via inhibition of cellular proliferation and modulation of oncogenic pathways. This review aimed to identify the several plant-based foods for their protective role in HCC prevention by understating the molecular mechanisms involved in inhibition of progression and proliferation of cancer. Information from relevant publications in which several plant-based foods demonstrated protective potential against HCC has been integrated as well as evaluated. For data integration, Science direct, Google scholar, and Scopus websites were used. Nutrition-based approaches in the deterrence of several cancers offer a substantial benefit to currently used medical therapies and should be implemented more often as an adjunct to first-line medical therapy. Furthermore, the inclusion of these plant-based foods (vegetables, fruits, herbs, and spices) may improve general health and decline cancer incidence.
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Traditionally used medicinal plants mediate the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles: methodological, larvicidal, and ecotoxicological approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162402. [PMID: 36841404 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that vegetal species constitute an alternative natural source for the biosynthesis of new nanomaterials. Thus, aiming to expand knowledge about the potential use of plants in the fabrication of metallic nanomaterials, we aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from phyto-formulation (PF) of ten commonly used medicinal plants. Our results demonstrate the formation of spherical, stable, polycrystalline AgNPs with a diameter of 8.42 nm to 18.40 nm, whose biosynthesis confirmation was performed via UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM)-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential studies. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the biosynthesized AgNPs showed larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi larvae, with the histopathology findings from the fourth instar larval stage validating such larvicidal toxicity. The histological examinations showed severe degradation of the larvae's hindgut, epithelial cells, midgut, and cortical area. However, the PF extract and the biosynthesized AgNPs showed high ecotoxicity in Danio rerio larvae exposed to different concentrations. The treatments induced changes in hatchability percentage, animal growth, and heartbeat. Therefore, despite supporting the potential of PF (from ten plant species) as a raw material source for AgNPs biosynthesis, our study also sheds light on its ecotoxicological potential, suggesting that more comprehensive assessments of the ecotoxicity of biosynthesized would be performed before its application in different sectors.
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Sericin mediated gold/silver bimetallic nanoparticles and exploration of its multi-therapeutic efficiency and photocatalytic degradation potential. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115935. [PMID: 37080278 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The current investigation aimed at bimetallic gold-silver nanoparticles (Au/Ag NPs), here called BM-GS NPs, synthesis using sericin protein as the reducing agent in an easy, cost-effective, and sustainable way. The obtained BM-GS NPs were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Zeta potential, X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Thermogravimetric analysis followed by evaluation of its multitherapeutic and photocatalytic degradation potentials. The TEM analysis revealed its spherical nature and the EDS result displayed the presence of both Ag and Au elements, confirming the synthesis of BM-GS NPs. The XRD pattern verified the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles (NPs). The DLS analysis showed an average size of 86.08 d nm and the zeta potential showed a highly negative value (-26.3 mV) which specifies that the generated bimetallic NPs are stable. The BM-GS NPs exhibited positive wound healing potential (with 63.38% of wound closure rate at 25 μg/ml, as compared to 54.42% by the untreated control) with very negligible toxicity effect on the cell viability of the normal keratinocyte cells. It also demonstrated promising antioxidant properties with 65.00%, 69.23%, and 63.03% activity at 100 μg/ml concentration for ABTS (2, 2-azinobis) (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), DPPH (1, 1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and SOD (superoxide dismutase enzyme) assays respectively, antidiabetic potential (with a significantly high α-glucosidase inhibition potential of 99.69% at 10μg/ml concentration and 62.11% of α-amylase enzyme inhibition at 100 μg/ml concentration) and moderate tyrosinase inhibitory potential (with 17.09% at 100 μg/ml concentration). Besides, it displayed reasonable antibacterial potential with the diameter of zone of inhibition ranging between 10.89 and 12.39 mm. Further, its antibacterial mode of action reveals that its effects could be due to being very smaller, the NPs could have penetrated inside the cellular membrane thereby causing rupture and damage to the interior materials leading to cellular lysis. The photocatalytic evaluation showed that synthesized BM-GS NPs have the efficiency of degrading methylene blue dye by 34.70% within 3 h of treatment. The above findings revealed the multi-therapeutic efficacy of the sericin globular protein-mediated BM-GS NPs and its potential future applications in the cosmetics and food sector and environmental contamination management industries.
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Biogenic Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles Using Cleome brachycarpa. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1578. [PMID: 37050205 PMCID: PMC10097212 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutical attributes of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in both conditions (in vitro and in vivo) have been investigated using different plants. This study focused on the green chemistry approach that was employed to optimize the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Cleome brachycarpa aqueous extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The characterization of obtained CB-AgNPs was undertaken using UV-visible spectroscopy, Atomic-force microscopy (AFM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Results suggest that CB-AgNPs synthesized via stirring produced small-sized particles with more even distribution. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were spherical with a 20 to 80 nm size range. In vitro studies were used to analyze antioxidant, antidiabetic, and cytotoxic potential under different conditions. The results also indicated that CB-AgNPs may have significant potential as an antidiabetic in low concentrations, but also exhibited potential antioxidant activity at different concentrations. Moreover, the anticancer activity against the breast cell line (MCF-7) with IC50 reached up to 18 μg/mL. These results suggest that green synthesized silver nanoparticles provide a promising phytomedicine for the management of diabetes and cancer therapeutics.
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A Novel Based Synthesis of Silver/Silver Chloride Nanoparticles from Stachys emodi Efficiently Controls Erwinia carotovora, the Causal Agent of Blackleg and Soft Rot of Potato. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062500. [PMID: 36985472 PMCID: PMC10058436 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles has captured researchers’ attention due to their unique chemical, physical and biological properties. In this study, we report an efficient, nonhazardous, and eco-friendly method for the production of antibacterial silver/silver chloride nanoparticles utilizing the leaf extract of Stachys emodi. The synthesis of se-Ag/AgClNPs was confirmed using UV-visible spectroscopy, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). An intense peak absorbance was observed at 437 nm from the UV-visible analysis. The Stachys emodi extract showed the highest DPPH scavenging activity (89.4%). FTIR analysis detected various bands that indicated the presence of important functional groups. The SEM morphological study revealed spherical-shaped nanoparticles having a size ranging from 20 to 70 nm. The XRD pattern showed the formation of a spherical crystal of NPs. The antibacterial activity performed against Erwinia carotovora showed the maximum inhibition by centrifuged silver nanoparticles alone (se-Ag/AgClNPs) and in combination with leaf extract (se-Ag/AgClNPs + LE) and leaf extract (LE) of 98%, 93%, and 62% respectively. These findings suggested that biosynthesized NPs can be used to control plant pathogens effectively.
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Evaluation of Antibacterial and Anticancer Characteristics of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Plant Extracts of Wrightia tinctoria and Acacia chundra. Int J Anal Chem 2023; 2023:6352503. [PMID: 36992867 PMCID: PMC10042639 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6352503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The study showed the ability to synthesize environmentally friendly silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using extracts from Wrightia tinctoria seeds and Acacia chundra stems. Surface plasmon resonance peaks in the UV-Vis absorption spectra of both plant extracts verified AgNP synthesis. The structural and morphological properties of the AgNPs were investigated using analytical techniques such as XRD, FTIR, TEM, and EDAX. The AgNPs have an FCC crystalline structure, according to XRD study, and their sizes range from 20 to 40 nm, according to TEM images. Based on the results, these plant extracts have been identified as suitable bioresources for AgNP production. The study also showed that both AgNPs had significant levels of antibacterial activity when tested on four different microbial strains using the agar-well diffusion method. The bacteria tested included two Gram-positive strains (Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus) and two Gram-negative strains (Proteus vulgaris and Escherichia coli). Furthermore, the AgNPs were found to have a significant anticancer effect on MCF-7 cell lines, suggesting that they may be useful in therapeutic applications. Overall, this research highlights the potential of the plant extracts considered as a source for synthesizing eco-friendly AgNPs with potential applications in medicine and other fields.
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Nanomaterials obtained from biowastes: Applications for cancer therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818627-5.00002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
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Comparative Bio-Potential Effects of Fresh and Boiled Mountain Vegetable (Fern) Extract Mediated Silver Nanoparticles. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11243575. [PMID: 36559687 PMCID: PMC9786859 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This current investigation was designed to synthesize Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) using both the fresh (Fbf) and boiled (Bbf) Korean mountain vegetable fern (named Gosari) extracts and make a comparative evaluation of its multi-therapeutic potentials. The screening of phytochemicals in the fern extract was undertaken. The synthesized fern-mediated silver nanoparticles are characterized and investigated for their bio-potential like α-glucosidase inhibition, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity prospects. The obtained AgNPs were characterized by the UV-Vis Spectra, SEM, EDS, XRD, FTIR, DLS, Zeta potential analysis, etc. The synthesis of the Fbf-AgNPs was very fast and started within 1 h of the reaction whereas the synthesis of the Bbf-AgNPs synthesis was slow and it started around 18 h of incubation. The UV-Vis spectra displayed the absorption maxima of 424 nm for Fbf-AgNPs and in the case of Bbf-AgNPs, it was shown at 436 nm. The current research results demonstrated that both Fbf-AgNPs and Bbf-AgNPs displayed a strong α-glucosidase inhibition effect with more than 96% effect at 1 µg/mL concentration, but the Bbf-AgNPs displayed a slightly higher effect with IC50 value slightly lower than the Fbf-AgNPs. Both Fbf-AgNPs and Bbf-AgNPs displayed good antioxidant effects concerning the in vitro antioxidant assays. In the case of the cytotoxicity potential assay also, among both the investigated Fbf-AgNPs and Bbf-AgNPs nanoparticles, the Bbf-AgNPs showed stronger effects with lower IC50 value as compared to the Fbf-AgNPs. In conclusion, both the fern-mediated AgNPs displayed promising multi-therapeutic potential and could be beneficial in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical sectors. Though the synthesis process is rapid in Fbf-AgNPs, but it is concluded from the results of all the tested bio-potential assays, Bbf-AgNPs is slightly better than Fbf-AgNPs.
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Metallic and non-metallic nanoparticles from plant, animal, and fisheries wastes: potential and valorization for application in agriculture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:81130-81165. [PMID: 36203045 PMCID: PMC9540199 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Global agriculture is facing tremendous challenges due to climate change. The most predominant amongst these challenges are abiotic and biotic stresses caused by increased incidences of temperature extremes, drought, unseasonal flooding, and pathogens. These threats, mostly due to anthropogenic activities, resulted in severe challenges to crop and livestock production leading to substantial economic losses. It is essential to develop environmentally viable and cost-effective green processes to alleviate these stresses in the crops, livestock, and fisheries. The application of nanomaterials in farming practice to minimize nutrient losses, pest management, and enhance stress resistance capacity is of supreme importance. This paper explores innovative methods for synthesizing metallic and non-metallic nanoparticles using plants, animals, and fisheries wastes and their valorization to mitigate abiotic and biotic stresses and input use efficiency in climate-smart and stress-resilient agriculture including crop plants, livestock, and fisheries.
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Biologically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles and Their Diverse Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12183126. [PMID: 36144915 PMCID: PMC9500900 DOI: 10.3390/nano12183126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has become the most effective and rapidly developing field in the area of material science, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are of leading interest because of their smaller size, larger surface area, and multiple applications. The use of plant sources as reducing agents in the fabrication of silver nanoparticles is most attractive due to the cheaper and less time-consuming process for synthesis. Furthermore, the tremendous attention of AgNPs in scientific fields is due to their multiple biomedical applications such as antibacterial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities, and they could be used for clean environment applications. In this review, we briefly describe the types of nanoparticle syntheses and various applications of AgNPs, including antibacterial, anticancer, and larvicidal applications and photocatalytic dye degradation. It will be helpful to the extent of a better understanding of the studies of biological synthesis of AgNPs and their multiple uses.
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Plant Extracts Mediated Metal-Based Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Biological Applications. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050627. [PMID: 35625555 PMCID: PMC9138950 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The vastness of metal-based nanoparticles has continued to arouse much research interest, which has led to the extensive search and discovery of new materials with varying compositions, synthetic methods, and applications. Depending on applications, many synthetic methods have been used to prepare these materials, which have found applications in different areas, including biology. However, the prominent nature of the associated toxicity and environmental concerns involved in most of these conventional methods have limited their continuous usage due to the desire for more clean, reliable, eco-friendly, and biologically appropriate approaches. Plant-mediated synthetic approaches for metal nanoparticles have emerged to circumvent the often-associated disadvantages with the conventional synthetic routes, using bioresources that act as a scaffold by effectively reducing and stabilizing these materials, whilst making them biocompatible for biological cells. This capacity by plants to intrinsically utilize their organic processes to reorganize inorganic metal ions into nanoparticles has thus led to extensive studies into this area of biochemical synthesis and analysis. In this review, we examined the use of several plant extracts as a mediating agent for the synthesis of different metal-based nanoparticles (MNPs). Furthermore, the associated biological properties, which have been suggested to emanate from the influence of the diverse metabolites found in these plants, were also reviewed.
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Nanoformulation of plant-based natural products for type 2 diabetes mellitus: From formulation design to therapeutic applications. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2022; 96:100672. [PMID: 35586563 PMCID: PMC9108891 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2022.100672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic element based nanoformulations were prominent in the delivery drug leads. Polymer and lipid based nanoformulations are emerging as novel formulations. Majority of investigations on nanoherbal formulations were on in vitro models. Proper glycemic control was an important property in nanoherbalformulations.
Background Herbal remedies are used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) as the sole treatment or as a complementary therapy. Limitations of herbal remedies, such as poor stability and limited absorption, impede their development as therapeutic agents, which could be overcome by nanoformulations. Objectives This review attempts to summarize the studies reported between 2009 and 2020 in the development of medicinal plant-based nanoformulations for the management of type 2 DM, discuss formulation methods, mechanisms of action, and identify gaps in the literature to conduct future research on nanoparticle-based herbal treatment options targeting type 2 DM. Methods To retrieve articles published between January 2009 and December 2020, the electronic databases PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were searched with the keywords nanoparticle, plant, and diabetes in the entire text. Peer-reviewed research articles on herbal nanoformulations published in English-language based on in vitro and/or in vivo models of type 2 DM and/or its complications were included. The literature search and selection of titles/abstracts were carried out independently by 2 authors. The list of full-text articles was selected considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, with the agreement of all the authors. Results Among the reported studies, 68% of the studies were on inorganic herbal nanoformulations, whereas 17% and 8% were of polymer-based and lipid-based herbal nanoformulations, respectively. Some of the important biological properties of nanoformulations included improvement in glycemic control and insulin levels, inhibition of the formation of advanced glycation end products, and regeneration of pancreatic β cells. The aforementioned properties were observed by screening nanoformulations using in vitro cellular and noncellular models, as well as in vivo animal models of type 2 DM studied for acute or subacute durations. Only 2 clinical trials with patients with diabetes were reported, indicating the need for further research on medicinal plant-based nanoformulations as a therapeutic option for the management of type 2 DM. Conclusions Medicinal plant extracts and isolated compounds have been nanoformulated using various methods. The properties of the nanoformulations were found superior to those of the corresponding herbal extracts and isolated compounds. At both the preclinical and clinical levels, there are a number of poorly explored research areas in the development and bioactivity assessment of herbal nanoformulations. (Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2022; 83:XXX–XXX) © 2022 Elsevier HS Journals, Inc.
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Plant-Mediated Green Synthesis of Ag NPs and Their Possible Applications: A Critical Review. JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2779237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential applications of Ag NPs are exciting and beneficial in a variety of fields; however, there is less awareness of the new risks posed by inappropriate disposal of Ag NPs. The Ag NPs have medicinal, plasmonic, and catalytic properties. The Ag NPs can be prepared via physical, chemical, or biological routes, and the selection of any specific route depends largely on the end-use. The downside of a physical and chemical approach is that it requires a wide space, high temperature, high temperature for a longer time to preserve the thermal stability of synthesized Ag NPs, and the use of toxic chemicals. Although these methods produce nanoparticles with high purity and well-defined morphology, it is critical to develop cost-effective, energy-efficient, and facile route, such as green synthesis; it suggests the desirable use of renewable resources by avoiding the use of additional solvents and toxic reagents in order to achieve the ultimate goal. However, each method has its pros and cons. The synthesized Ag NPs obtained using the green approach have larger biocompatibility and are less toxic towards the biotic systems. However, identifying the phytoconstituents that are responsible for nanoparticle synthesis is difficult and has been reported as a suitable candidate for biological application. The concentration of the effective bioreducing phytoconstituents plays a crucial role in deciding the morphology of the nanoparticle. Besides these reaction times, temperature, pH, and concentration of silver salt are some of the key factors that determine the morphology. Hence, careful optimization in the methodology is required as different morphologies have different properties and usage. It is due to which the development of methods to prepare nanoparticles effectively using various plant extracts is gaining rapid momentum in recent days. To make sense of what involves in the bioreduction of silver salt and to isolate the secondary metabolites from plants are yet challenging. This review focuses on the contribution of plant-mediated Ag NPs in different applications and their toxicity in the aquatic system.
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Multitherapeutic Efficacy of Curly Kale Extract Fabricated Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:1125-1137. [PMID: 35313460 PMCID: PMC8934171 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s308478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Due to the biomedical applications universally, the Ag nanoparticles are one of the most commonly investigated nanoparticles (NPs). Curly kale (BroL) leaves contain numerous beneficial nutrients and phytochemicals. The aim of the current study is the fabrication of the Ag nanoparticles using the extracts of curly kale and to investigate their biological potentials. Methods The characterization of the generated BroLAgNPs was done through UV-Vis spectro study, Fourier-transform infrared spectro study, scanning electron microscope analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray study, distribution of size and zeta potential investigation, and X-ray powder diffraction study, and their biological effects were evaluated by antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxicity effect. Results BroL-Ag nanoparticle displayed surface plasmon resonance at 432 nm. The Zeta potential of BroL (−26.6) AgNPs displayed a highly negative charge. In antidiabetic assay, BroL-AgNPs was highly effective with IC50 value 2.29 µg/mL at 1.0 µg/mL concentration. In cytotoxicity assay, BroL-AgNPs displayed strong activity at 10.0 µg/mL concentration. It showed inhibitory action against three food-borne pathogenic bacteria (9.29–11.44 mm inhibition zone) and displayed moderate antioxidant potential. Conclusion This study as a whole report an eco-friendly green synthesis of AgNPs using leafy vegetable aqueous extract and its multi-biological effects which could serve as a promising candidate in pharmacological and related industries.
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Strong Antimicrobial Activity of Highly Stable Nanocomposite Containing AgNPs Based on Water-Soluble Triazole-Sulfonate Copolymer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010206. [PMID: 35057100 PMCID: PMC8781572 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A new hydrophilic polymeric nanocomposite containing AgNPs was synthesized by chemical reduction of metal ions in an aqueous medium in the presence of the copolymer. A new water-soluble copolymer of 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole and vinylsulfonic acid sodium salt (poly(VT-co-Na-VSA)) was obtained by free-radical copolymerization and was used as a stabilizing precursor agent. The structural, dimensional, and morphological properties of the nanocomposite were studied by UV–Vis, FTIR, X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering, gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. Hydrodynamic diameter of macroclubs for the copolymer was 171 nm, and for the nanocomposite it was 694 nm. Zeta potential for the copolymer was −63.8 mV, and for the nanocomposite it was −70.4 mV. The nanocomposite had strong antimicrobial activity towards Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms: MIC and MBC values were in the range of 0.25–4.0 and 0.5–8.0 μg/mL, respectively.
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Strategies for scaling up of green-synthesized nanomaterials: Challenges and future trends. GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOMATERIALS 2022:669-698. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824508-8.00008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Rowan Berries: A Potential Source for Green Synthesis of Extremely Monodisperse Gold and Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antimicrobial Property. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:pharmaceutics14010082. [PMID: 35056978 PMCID: PMC8781835 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rowanberries (Sorbus aucuparia) are omnipresent in Europe. The medicinal importance of rowanberries is widely known and corresponds to the active ingredients present in the fruits, mainly polyphenols, carotenoids, and organic acids. In the current study, we explored rowanberries for the reduction of gold and silver salts into nanoparticles. Rowanberries-mediated gold nanoparticles (RB-AuNPs) formed within 5 s at room temperature, and silver nanoparticles (RB-AgNPs) formed in 20 min at 90 °C. The produced nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), single-particle inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (sp-ICP-MS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). The characterization confirmed that the nanoparticles are highly monodisperse, spherical, stable over long periods, and exhibit a high negative zeta potential values. The produced RB-AuNPs and RB-AgNPs were 90–100 nm and 20–30 nm in size with a thick biological corona layer surrounding them, providing extreme stability but lowering the antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobials study of RB-AgNPs revealed that the nanoparticles have antimicrobial potential with an MBC value of 100 µg/mL against P. aeruginosa and 200 µg/mL against E. coli.
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Hybridization of Gold Nanoparticles with Poly(ethylene glycol) Methacrylate and Their Biomedical Applications. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024421130033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Synthesis of Ziziphus spina-christi (Jujube) Root Methanol Extract Loaded Functionalized Silver Nanoparticle (ZS-Ag-NPs); Physiochemical Characterization and Effect of ZS-Ag-NPs on Adipocyte Maturation, Adipokine and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Interaction. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102563. [PMID: 34685001 PMCID: PMC8539395 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this research, a simple, green approach was employed to synthesize silver nanoparticles with the aid of Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) methanol root extract, which can act as a reducing, capping agent to treat obesity and inflammation. Globally, Ziziphus spina-christi (Jujube) root is used in traditional therapy as a lipolysis promoter. GC-MS results confirmed the availability of kaempferol (flavonol), cannabinol and indole-3-carboxylic acid in Ziziphus spina-christi root methanol extract (ZSE). ZSE silver nanoparticles (ZS-Ag-NPs) were synthesized and their effect on mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation capacity and adipokine levels in maturing adipocytes were analyzed. Maturing adipocytes treated with 0.4 µg/dL of ZSE and ZS-Ag-NPs significantly reduced the lipid content in adipocytes by 64% and 82%, respectively. In addition, lipolysis-related genes such as LPL (1.9 fold), HSL (2.3 fold), PGC-1α (3 fold), UCP-1 (4.1 fold), PRDM16 (2 fold) and PPARα (2.7 fold) increased significantly in ZS-Ag-NPs treated maturing adipocytes. The ZS-Ag-NPs treatment significantly decreased insulin resistance and metabolic inflammation-related LTB4-R, TNF-α, IL-4 and STAT-6 mRNA levels. Mitochondrial thermogenesis stimulating capacity of ZS-Ag-NPs was further confirmed by the significantly enhanced CREB-1 and AMPK protein levels in adipocytes. Furthermore, ZS-Ag-NPs treated adipokines (condition media, CM) were treated with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to determine cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory stimulus capacity. We found that ZS-Ag-NPs treated adipocyte CM effectively increased mRNA expression levels of the vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), and down-regulated oxidative stress (LPO, eNOS, and HO) and vascular cell inflammation (ICAM, VCAM, TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB). In conclusion, ZS-Ag-NPs displayed an action at the molecular level in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, decreased adipokine secretion in adipocytes, and enhanced vascular endothelial cell growth. This molecular mechanical action of ZS-Ag-NPs reduced effectively obesity progressions and metabolic inflammatory pathogenesis associated with aging.
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Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial Activities, Applications, Cytotoxicity and Safety Issues: An Updated Review. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11082086. [PMID: 34443916 PMCID: PMC8402060 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapid advances in nanotechnology have led to its emergence as a tool for the development of green synthesized noble metal nanoparticles, especially silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), for applications in diverse fields such as human health, the environment and industry. The importance of AgNPs is because of their unique physicochemical and antimicrobial properties, with a myriad of activities that are applicable in various fields, including the pharmaceutical industry. Countries with high biodiversity require the collection and transformation of information about biological assets into processes, associations, methods and tools that must be combined with the sustainable utilization of biological diversity. Therefore, this review paper discusses the applicable studies of the biosynthesis of AgNPs and their antimicrobial activities towards microorganisms in different areas viz. medicine and agriculture. The confirmed antiviral properties of AgNPs promote their applicability for SARS-CoV-2 treatment, based on assimilating the virus’ activities with those of similar viruses via in vivo studies. In this review, an insight into the cytotoxicity and safety issues of AgNPs, along with their future prospects, is also provided.
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Green Fabrication of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles: A Comparative Antibacterial Study Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-021-05767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Characterization and Evaluation of Multiple Biological Activities of Silver Nanoparticles Fabricated from Dragon Tongue Bean Outer Peel Extract. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:977-987. [PMID: 33603363 PMCID: PMC7886385 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s290037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dragon tongue beans are a legume belonging to the Fabaceae family, are rich in protein, starch, fiber, and other micronutrients that have numerous health-promoting benefits. Its peel commonly the waste parts also contains lots of bioactive compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the current research, dragon tongue bean peels (DtbP) extract is tested for the existence of phytochemicals. Ag nanoparticles are biosynthesized using DtbP extract. The generated DtbP silver nanoparticle characterization was accomplished using UV-Vis spectral analysis, FTIR spectral analysis, SEM analysis, EDX analysis, XRD analysis, zeta potential, and DLS study. Furthermore, comparative assessment on multi-biological activities of the biosynthesized Ag nanoparticles was accomplished by employing cytotoxicity (inhibition against HepG2 cancer cells), antidiabetic (α-glucosidase inhibition assay), and antioxidant (free-radical scavenging) analysis. RESULTS The characterization result of the DtbP-AgNPs demonstrated that the AgNPs synthesized within 24 h. The AgNPs are nearly spherical. The biological effect assay of AgNPs displayed that DtbP-AgNPs is having significant cytotoxicity, antidiabetic, and moderate antioxidant effect. This study results as a whole report the biosynthesis of DtbP-AgNPs utilizing the legume dragon tongue bean waste peel and assessment of their multiple biological activities. The synthesized DtbP-AgNPs could serve as a potential candidate in the pharmaceutical industries in the formulation of drugs for the treatment of several medical ailments concerning cancer, diabetes, etc.
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Green synthesis, characterization, enhanced functionality and biological evaluation of silver nanoparticles based on Coriander sativum. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2102-2108. [PMID: 33911926 PMCID: PMC8071926 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study focused on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Coriander sativum (CS) containing structural polymers, phenolic compounds and glycosidic bioactive macromolecules. Plant phenolic compounds can act as antioxidants, lignin, and attractants like flavonoids and carotenoids. Henceforth, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared extracellularly by the combinatorial action of stabilizing and reduction of the CS leaf extract. The biologically synthesized CS-AgNPs were studied by UV-spectroscopy, zeta potential determination, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis to characterize and confirm the formation of crystalline nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity against all microbial strains examined with varying degrees. The scavenging action on free radicals by CS-AgNPs showed strong antioxidant efficiency with superoxide and hydroxyl radicals at different concentrations as compared with standard ascorbic acid. The presence of in vitro anticancer effect was confirmed at different concentrations on the MCF-7 cell line as revealed with decrease in cell viability which was proportionately related to the concentration of CS-AgNPs illustrating the toxigenic nature of synthesized nanoparticles on cancerous cells.
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Biosynthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activities of Procyanidin Capped Silver Nanoparticles. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11030066. [PMID: 32961705 PMCID: PMC7564108 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, procyanidin dimers and Leucosidea sericea total extract (LSTE) were employed in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Visible) spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. AgNPs of about 2–7 nm were obtained. DLS and stability evaluations confirmed that the AgNPs/procyanidins conjugates were stable. The formed nanoparticles exhibited good inhibitory activities against the two enzymes studied. The IC50 values against the amylase enzyme were 14.92 ± 1.0, 13.24 ± 0.2, and 19.13 ± 0.8 µg/mL for AgNPs coordinated with LSTE, F1, and F2, respectively. The corresponding values for the glucosidase enzyme were 21.48 ± 0.9, 18.76 ± 1.0, and 8.75 ± 0.7 µg/mL. The antioxidant activities were comparable to those of the intact fractions. The AgNPs also demonstrated bacterial inhibitory activities against six bacterial species. While the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of F1-AgNPs against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were 31.25 and 15.63 µg/mL respectively, those of LSTE-AgNPs and F2-AgNPs against these organisms were both 62.50 µg/mL. The F1-AgNPs demonstrated a better bactericidal effect and may be useful in food packaging. This research also showed the involvement of the procyanidins as reducing and capping agents in the formation of stable AgNPs with potential biological applications.
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Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles from the whole plant of Cleome viscosa and evaluation of their characterization, antibacterial, antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:3601-3614. [PMID: 33304171 PMCID: PMC7715480 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The current research is to develop an easy and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of three different concentrations of silver nanoparticles (1mMCvAgNPs, 2mMCvAgNPs and 3mMCvAgNPs) using aqueous whole plant extract of Cleome viscosa and to evaluate their antibacterial, antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. CvAgNPs were characterized by Using UV–vis spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The formation of CvAgNPs was confirmed by the observation of band between 250 nm to 600 nm UV–vis spectrum. The crystalline structure of CvAgNPs with a face-centered cubic (FCC) was confirmed by XRD. The responsible phytochemicals for the reduction and capping material of CvAgNPs were observed with FT-IR. The SEM analysis confirmed the size and shapes of CvAgNPs. The CvAgNPs have shown the rich content of total phenolic and total flavonoid components. The CvAgNPs have shown significant antibacterial activity on multi drug resistance Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and also have shown significant strong antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, H2O2 scavenging, Phosphomolybdenum assay and reducing power). The inhibitory action of CvAgNPs on α-glucosidase and α-amylase was stronger than the inhibitory action of acarbose. To best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt on the synthesis of AgNPs using C. viscosa whole plant aqueous extract. The synthesized CvAgNPs exhibited good antimicrobial, antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. Hence, to validate our results, the in vivo studies at the molecular level are needed to develop Cleome viscosa as an antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-diabetic agent.
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Biofabrication And Antitumor Activity Of Silver Nanoparticles Utilizing Novel Nostoc sp. Bahar M. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:9019-9029. [PMID: 31819416 PMCID: PMC6881505 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s230457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over recent years, green chemistry procedures have been developed to synthesize nanoparticles in eco-friendlier and less expensive ways. These procedures use natural sources such as bacteria, fungi, yeast, plants, actinomycetes, algae, or cyanobacteria, or use biomolecules such as proteins, vitamins, or pigments instead of chemical materials to fabricate salt precursors into nanoparticles. Methodology In the current investigation, we developed an effective, inexpensive, nontoxic method to synthesize silver nanoparticles (SNPs) using the cellular extract of a novel strain of cyanobacterium, Nostoc sp. Bahar M. SNPs were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The antitumor properties of the biogenic SNPs were tested against Caco-2 cells using a cell proliferation assay and inverted light microscopy. Results The new strain Nostoc sp. Bahar M was able to fabricate small SNPs from silver nitrate through an eco-friendly and inexpensive biosynthesis process. SNPs synthesis was accompanied by a color transformation from pale yellow to dark brown. Ultraviolet spectroscopy showed an absorption peak at 403 nm, confirming SNPs formation. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the SNPs had a face-centered cubic crystalline structure. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to identify a protein that may play an important role in SNPs biosynthesis. Scanning and transmission electron micrographs showed that the SNPs were uniformly distributed and spherical in shape, with an average diameter of 14.9 nm. Cytotoxicity assays showed that SNPs exhibited a significant dose-dependent cytotoxic activity against human colon cancer cells with an IC50 of 150 μg/mL. Conclusion Nostoc sp. Bahar M provided an eco-friendly route for fabricating SNPs, which have cytotoxic activity toward Caco-2 cells.
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