1
|
Wang Z, Shao J. Fungal vaccines and adjuvants: a tool to reveal the interaction between host and fungi. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:293. [PMID: 38850421 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Fungal infections are incurring high risks in a range from superficial mucosal discomforts (such as oropharyngeal candidiasis and vulvovaginal candidiasis) to disseminated life-threatening diseases (such as invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and cryptococcal meningitis) and becoming a global health problem in especially immunodeficient population. The major obstacle to conquer fungal harassment lies in the presence of increasing resistance to conventional antifungal agents used in newly clinically isolated strains. Although recombinant cytokines and mono-/poly-clonal antibodies are added into antifungal armamentarium, more effective antimycotic drugs are exceedingly demanded. It is comforting that the development of fungal vaccines and adjuvants opens up a window to brighten the prospective way in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of fungal assaults. In this review, we focus on the progression of several major fungal vaccines devised for the control of Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., Cryptococcus spp., Coccidioides spp., Paracoccidioides spp., Blastomyces spp., Histoplasma spp., Pneumocystis spp. as well as the adjuvants adopted. We then expound the interaction between fungal vaccines/adjuvants and host innate (macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils), humoral (IgG, IgM and IgA) and cellular (Th1, Th2, Th17 and Tc17) immune responses which generally experience immune recognition of pattern recognition receptors, activation of immune cells, and clearance of invaded fungi. Furthermore, we anticipate an in-depth understanding of immunomodulatory properties of univalent and multivalent vaccines against diverse opportunistic fungi, providing helpful information in the design of novel fungal vaccines and adjuvants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixu Wang
- Laboratory of Anti-Infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Zhijing Building, 350 Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Shao
- Laboratory of Anti-Infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Zhijing Building, 350 Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Zhijing Building, 350 Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu NA, Liu JQ, Liu Y, Zhu Q, Zheng D, Li F, Meng LZ, Qiu M. Rehmannia Glutinosa Polysaccharide Regulates Bone Marrow Microenvironment via HIF-1α/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Aplastic Anemia Mice. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20220672. [PMID: 37556607 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320220672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aplastic anemia (AA), a rare disorder, is associated with bone marrow microenvironment (BMM). Presently, AA treatment is of great difficulty. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of action of Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide (RGP) in AA. Busulfan was used to induce AA in BALB/c mice; blood cell count and Ray's Giemsa staining were used to assess the severity of hematopoietic failure; HE was performed to assess the pathological state of the marrow cavity; ELISA was performed to assess IL-4, IL-10, IL-6, IL-12, IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1, VEGF, and EPO; and WB was performed to evaluate the effects of RGP on the HIF-1α/NF-κB signaling. Significant downregulation of hemocyte levels in the blood and nucleated cells in the bone marrow was reversed by RGP and Cyclosporine A (CA). Compared with the AA group, dilating blood sinusoids, inflammation, hematopoiesis, decreased bone marrow cells and megakaryocytes were alleviated by RGP and CA, and the HIF-1α/NF-κB signaling was inhibited too. Notably, RGP was more effective when used in combination with CA. In this study, we established a relationship between BMM and the HIF-1α/NF-κB signaling pathway and found that RGP regulates BMM by suppressing the activation of the HIF-1α/NF-κB signaling. Thus, RGP exerts a pharmacological effect on AA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N A Liu
- Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Oncology, No.6, Panxi Seventh Branch Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Jun-Qiu Liu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, School of Pharmaceutical Science, No. 548, Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311402, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Oncology, No.6, Panxi Seventh Branch Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Oncology, No.6, Panxi Seventh Branch Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Dandan Zheng
- Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Oncology, No.6, Panxi Seventh Branch Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Feng Li
- Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Oncology, No.6, Panxi Seventh Branch Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Ling-Zhan Meng
- Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Oncology, No.6, Panxi Seventh Branch Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Oncology, No.6, Panxi Seventh Branch Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, 400021, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bian Z, Zhang R, Zhang X, Zhang J, Xu L, Zhu L, Ma Y, Liu Y. Extraction, structure and bioactivities of polysaccharides from Rehmannia glutinosa: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 305:116132. [PMID: 36634722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIC RELEVANCE Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC. (RG) is a widely used herb for clearing heat and cooling the blood. Polysaccharides from Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC. (RGPs) have a variety of biological activities, including antioxidation, hypoglycemia, immune enhancement, hematopoiesis promotion, and antianxiety. AIM OF THE STUDY This review provides up-to-date and comprehensive information on the extraction and separation methods, structural characteristics, and pharmacological activities of RGPs. A more in-depth study on the structure and clinical pharmacology of the RGPs was investigated. To further explore the pharmacological effects of RGPS, and lay a foundation for the safe clinical application and expansion of application scope. MATERIALS AND METHODS Use Google Scholar, Scifinder, PubMed, Springer, Elsevier, Wiley, Web of Science and other online database search to collect the literature on extraction, separation, structural analysis and pharmacological activity of RGPs published before December 2022. The key words are "extraction", "isolation", "purification" and "pharmacological action" and "Rehmanniae polysaccharide". RESULTS Rehmannia glutinosa has been widely used in the treatment of diabetes since ancient times, and is known as one of the "Four Sacred Medicines" for the treatment of diabetes, along with Ginseng, Psidium Guajava and Pueraria Mirifica. The active ingredients of Rehmannia glutinosa that have been studied more in the treatment of diabetes are Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide and Rehmannia glutinosa oligosaccharide. The content of polysaccharides varies due to different extraction methods, and separation and purification methods. RGPs have a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antitumor, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective effect, hypoglycemic activity, cardioprotective and antioxidant activities. These pharmacological properties lay a foundation for the treatment of tumors, inflammation, hyperglycemia, myocardial ischemia, oxidative stress and other diseases with RGPs. CONCLUSION Based on its effects of promoting hematopoiesis, antitumor and enhancing immunity, RGPs have been clinically applied in the treatment of chronic aplastic anemia and esophageal cancer, but other effects of RGPs have not been reflected in the clinical practice. In the future, more in-depth research can be conducted on the molecular structure analysis, toxicity, side effects and clinical pharmacological effects of RGPs to further explore the pharmacological effects of RGPs and to lay the foundation for safe clinical application and expansion of application scope.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Bian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Lingchuan Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Fungi and Resource Development in Shandong Province, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Lihao Zhu
- Sishui Siheyuan Culture and Tourism Development Company, Ltd, Sisui, 273200, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Yuhong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cui E, Tang P, Zhu X, Lv M, Wang S, Xue Y, Li C, Zhao S. Network Pharmacology Combined with an Experimental Validation Study to Reveal the Effect and Mechanism of Eucommia ulmoides Leaf Polysaccharide against Immunomodulation. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051062. [PMID: 36900578 PMCID: PMC10001223 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the immuno-enhancing effect of Eucommia ulmoides leaf polysaccharide (ELP) was investigated in immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX). To evaluate the immune enhancement mechanism of ELP, the immunoregulation effect of ELP was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. ELP is primarily composed of arabinose (26.61%), galacturonic acid (25.1%), galactose (19.35%), rhamnose (16.13%), and a small amount of glucose (12.9%). At 1000~5000 μg·mL-1, ELP could significantly enhance the proliferation and the phagocytosis of macrophages in vitro. Additionally, ELP could protect immune organs, reduce pathological damage, and reverse the decrease in the hematological indices. Moreover, ELP significantly increased the phagocytic index, enhanced the ear swelling response, augmented the production of inflammatory cytokines, and markedly up-regulated the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA levels. Furthermore, ELP improved phosphorylated p38, ERK1/2, and JNK levels, suggesting that MAPKs might be involved in immunomodulatory effects. The results provide a theoretical foundation for exploring the immune modulation function of ELP as a functional food.
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu K, Li Y, Lin Y, Xu B, Yang J, Mo L, Huang R, Zhang X. Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of an exopolysaccharide from marine-derived Aspergillus versicolor SCAU141. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:329-339. [PMID: 36535356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Until now, relatively little is known about marine-derived fungal polysaccharides and their activities. Exopolysaccharide AVP141-A was isolated from the broth of marine-derived fungus Aspergillus versicolor SCAU141 and purified by Diethylaminoethyl-Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephadex G-100. The structural characteristics of AVP141-A was studied by chemical analysis together with high-performance gel permeation chromatography, ion chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results showed that AVP141-A with the molecular weight of 5.10 kDa was mainly composed of →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, branched by α-D-Glcp-(1→ and →6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→ at C-6 positions of the glucan backbone. In particular, sulfate ester (approximately 3.62 %) was found in AVP141-A, which was frequently considered to occur in marine-derived microbial polysaccharides rather than other microbial polysaccharides. Furthermore, AVP141-A significantly enhanced the activity of the inflammatory factors NO, COX-2 and TNF-α in RAW264.7 macrophages by activating the MAPK/p38 and NF-κB/p65 pathways. In addition, metabolomic analysis revealed that most of the pathways with significant changes in RAW264.7 macrophages treated with AVP141-A were amino acid-related pathways, and arginine was the characteristic metabolite. In conclusion, this study identified AVP141-A as a marine fungus-derived sulfated exopolysaccharide with potential for development as an immune activator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keyue Wu
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yiyang Li
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yuqi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University-United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Jiajia Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Li Mo
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Riming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li SC, Kabeer MH. Caveolae-Mediated Extracellular Vesicle (CMEV) Signaling of Polyvalent Polysaccharide Vaccination: A Host-Pathogen Interface Hypothesis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122653. [PMID: 36559147 PMCID: PMC9784826 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We published a study showing that improvement in response to splenectomy associated defective, in regards to the antibody response to Pneumovax® 23 (23-valent polysaccharides, PPSV23), can be achieved by splenocyte reinfusion. This study triggered a debate on whether and how primary and secondary immune responses occur based on humoral antibody responses to the initial vaccination and revaccination. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine sheds new light on the interpretation of our previous data. Here, we offer an opinion on the administration of the polyvalent polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23), which appears to be highly relevant to the primary vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 and its booster dose. Thus, we do not insist this is a secondary immune response but an antibody response, nonetheless, as measured through IgG titers after revaccination. However, we contend that we are not sure if these lower but present IgG levels against pneumococcal antigens are clinically protective or are equally common in all groups because of the phenomenon of "hyporesponsiveness" seen after repeated polysaccharide vaccine challenge. We review the literature and propose a new mechanism-caveolae memory extracellular vesicles (CMEVs)-by which polysaccharides mediate prolonged and sustained immune response post-vaccination. We further delineate and explain the data sets to suggest that the dual targets on both Cav-1 and SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins may block the viral entrance and neutralize viral load, which minimizes the immune reaction against viral attacks and inflammatory responses. Thus, while presenting our immunological opinion, we answer queries and responses made by readers to our original statements published in our previous work and propose a hypothesis for all vaccination strategies, i.e., caveolae-mediated extracellular vesicle-mediated vaccine memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengwen Calvin Li
- Neuro-Oncology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience Research, CHOC Children’s Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Orange County, 1201 West La Veta Ave., Orange, CA 92868-3874, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, 200 S Manchester Ave. Ste 206, Orange, CA 92868, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-714-509-4964
| | - Mustafa H. Kabeer
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, CHOC Children’s Hospital, 1201 West La Veta Ave., Orange, CA 92868, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, 333 City Blvd. West, Suite 700, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ma S, Yu R, Mai Y, Yu N, Gao T, Yang J. Enhanced Influenza Immunity by Nasal Mucosal Administration of the TPGS-Modified Liposomal Vaccine. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:272. [PMID: 36180652 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza infection is difficult to prevent, control, and treat because of rapid viral mutation, fast disease progression, and high mortality. Vaccination is the main means by which to prevent and control influenza, but effectiveness is limited in that poor cellular uptake and weak immunogenicity of vaccines provides less than optimal host protection. Liposomal influenza vaccines are a promising strategy to overcome these limitations and the use of liposomal immune modulators and intranasal administration of liposomal influenza vaccines may be a means by which to improve influenza protection. The cationic lipids, i.e., dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA), 1,2-dioctadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC), and D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 (TPGS) can form blank liposomes, which can incorporate influenza antigens to produce an influenza vaccine (DDA-DSPC-TPGS). Herein, this vaccine was shown to induce dendritic cell maturation, increase host cellular uptake of the vaccine, and enhance immune responses both in vitro and in vivo. The addition of TPGS, as an amphiphilic immune adjuvant, significantly reduced the toxicity of the DDA liposomal influenza vaccine. Further, the polyethylene glycol component and tocopherol structure of TPGS enhanced the cellular uptake of the vaccine by means of stealth properties and the capacity to inhibit cellular efflux. After nasal mucosal immunization, enhanced cellular uptake rates and abundant immune cells in the nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue promoted the production of immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G1, and interferon-γ, which in turn mediated a more robust immune response against influenza virus. In summary, the DDA-DSPC-TPGS influenza vaccine is a safe and effective means by which to activate the immune system. The results herein provide an effective strategy by which to overcome current difficulties associated with the prevention and treatment of influenza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Mai
- Science and Technology Center, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Yu
- Department of Preparation Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Gao
- Department of Preparation Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianhong Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sherif AY, Harisa GI, Alanazi FK, Nasr FA, Alqahtani AS. Engineered Nanoscale Lipid-Based Formulation as Potential Enhancer of Gefitinib Lymphatic Delivery: Cytotoxicity and Apoptotic Studies Against the A549 Cell Line. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:183. [PMID: 35773422 PMCID: PMC9247939 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to engineer a nanoscale lipid-based lymphatic drug delivery system with D-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate to combat the lymphatic metastasis of lung cancer. The nanoscale lipid-based systems including GEF-SLN, GEF-NLC, and GEF-LE were prepared and pharmaceutically characterized. In addition, the most stable formulation (GEF-NLC) was subjected to an in vitro release study. Afterward, the optimized GEF-NLC was engineered with TPGS (GEF-TPGS-NLC) and subjected to in vitro cytotoxicity, and apoptotic studies using the A549 cells line as a surrogate model for lung cancer. The present results revealed that particle size and polydispersity index of freshly prepared formulations were ranging from 198 to 280 nm and 0.106 to 0.240, respectively, with negative zeta potential ranging from − 14 to − 27.6.mV. An in vitro release study showed that sustained drug release was attained from GEF-NLC containing a high concentration of lipid. In addition, GEF-NLC and GEF-TPGS-NLC showed remarkable entrapment efficiency above 89% and exhibited sustained release profiles. Cytotoxicity showed that IC50 of pure GEF was 11.15 μg/ml which decreased to 7.05 μg/ml for GEF-TPGS-NLC. The apoptotic study revealed that GEF-TPGS-NLC significantly decreased the number of living cells from 67 to 58% when compared with pure GEF. The present results revealed that the nanoscale and lipid composition of the fabricated SLN, NLC, and LE could mediate the lymphatic uptake of GEF to combat the lymphatic tumor metastasis. Particularly, GEF-TPGS-NLC is a promising LDDS to increase the therapeutic outcomes of GEF during the treatment of metastatic lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman Y Sherif
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Gamaleldin I Harisa
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fars K Alanazi
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd A Nasr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Structural characterization and biological activities of a new polysaccharide isolated from Morchella Sextelata. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:369-380. [PMID: 35416638 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Morchella is the famous medicinal fungi in the ascomycetes. In this study, a new water-soluble polysaccharide (MSP-3-1) with an average molecular weight of 2.35 × 107 Da was extracted and purified from fruiting bodies of cultivated M. Sextelata. The structural characterization and biological activities of purified polysaccharide was further investigated. The results indicated that MSP-3-1 was mainly a α-glucan, mainly consisting of mannose (Man), glucose (Glc) and galactose (Gal) in a ratio of 5.10: 91.39: 3.51. Its surface morphology exhibited irregular lamellar structures with small voids. And the particle size analysis showed that MSP-3-1 was the homogeneous nanoparticle in water solution. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity analysis showed that MSP-3-1 possessed certain scavenging activity against hydroxyl radicals, DPPH radicals and ABTS radicals in a dose-dependent manner. Immunological tests suggested that MSP-3-1 could significantly promote the proliferation, phagocytosis and nitric oxide (NO) production of macrophage RAW264.7. Thus, our results will provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of Morchella Sextelata polysaccharides as an immunmodulatory component in functional foods.
Collapse
|
10
|
Li M, Jiang H, Hao Y, Du K, Du H, Ma C, Tu H, He Y. A systematic review on botany, processing, application, phytochemistry and pharmacological action of Radix Rehmnniae. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114820. [PMID: 34767834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Radix Rehmanniae (RR) is the tuber root of Rehmannia glutionsa Libosch, which was firstly recorded in Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica (⟪⟫). RR is a non-toxic and wide used traditional Chinese medicine. RR has the effect of clearing heat, generating essence, cooling blood, stopping bleeding, nourishing yin and blood, and filling marrow. It is used in clinic in the form of processed decoction pieces, including Dry Radix Rehmnniae (DRR) and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (RRP). The application of RR in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions can treat various diseases, such as anemia, irregular menstruation, deficiency of liver yin, renal failure and so on. AIM OF REVIEW This paper aims to provide a comprehensive and productive review of RR, which mainly contains botanical characteristics, processing methods, traditional application, chemical composition, quality control and pharmacological action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature search was conducted through the Web of Science, Baidu Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, CNKI, and WanFang DATA using the keywords "Radix Rehmnniae", "Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata", "processing", "clinical application", "chemical composition", "quality control", and "pharmacological action". In addition, information was collected from relevant textbooks, reviews, and documents. RESULTS RR is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with clinical value and rich resources. More than 100 components have been isolated and identified from RR. It has multiple pharmacological actions, such as hemostasis, antioxidation, anti-osteoporosis, lowering blood sugar, improving renal function, anti-inflammation, protecting neuronal function, antidepression and anti-anxiety. DRR and RRP are two different processed products of RR. After processing, there are great changes in property, taste, efficacy, clinical application, chemical composition and pharmacological action. At present, identifying chemical constituents of RR and its medicinal value has been deeply studied. However, there is a lack of research on the reasons for the differences in pharmacological effects between DRR and RRP. The reasons for these differences need to be further verified. Catalpol, the active component of RR, has been studied extensively in the literature, but the pharmacological effects of catalpol cannot represent the pharmacological effects of the whole RR. In the future, effective components such as rehmannioside D, polysaccharide, total glycosides, and effective parts in RR need to be further studied and developed. The pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of RR need to be further discussed. The scientific connotation and processing methods of RRP need to be studied and standardized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Huajuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yule Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Kequn Du
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Hongling Du
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Chuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - He Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yao He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources; Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Guizhou Yibai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Guiyang, 550008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang Y, Nan L, Xiao C, Dong J, Li K, Cheng J, Ji Q, Wei Q, Bao G, Liu Y. Outer Membrane Vesicles Coating Nano-Glycyrrhizic Acid Confers Protection Against Borderella bronchiseptica Through Th1/Th2/Th17 Responses. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:647-663. [PMID: 35177904 PMCID: PMC8846627 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s350846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical nano-sized proteolipids secreted by numerous pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. Due to the immunostimulatory properties and protective efficacy, OMVs have received increasing attention as a candidate for the vaccine to prevent and treat bacterial infections. However, the immune response remains elusive due to the low structural stability and poor size homogeneity of the vesicles. In this study, OMVs were used to coat self-assembled glycyrrhizic acid nanoparticles (GANs) and obtain a stable OMV vaccine. The immunoprotective effects and anti-infection efficacy were evaluated in vivo and in vitro. Methods The OMVs were prepared by ultrafiltration method and fused with GAN through mechanical extrusion. The characteristics, including morphology, hydrodynamic size, zeta potential, and stability were evaluated. The in vitro immunological function of GAN-OMV on the macrophages and in vivo immune efficacy and anti-infection effect were examined and compared. Results The results showed that the GAN-OMV were homogenous with a size of 130 nm and a stable core-shell structure. Micropinocytosis-dependent and clathrin-mediated endocytotic pathways effectively internalized the GAN-OMV into the macrophages and promoted cell proliferation, cytokine secretion, and M1 polarization. Furthermore, subcutaneous GAN-OMV vaccination contributed to significantly higher Borderella bronchiseptica (Bb)-specific antibody production and lymphocyte proliferation. The splenic lymphocytes of mice immunized with GAN-OMVs displayed a higher ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells and CD19+ B cells and produced significantly higher levels of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines. GAN-OMV also effectively prevented Bb reinfection. Conclusion In this study, GAN-OMV was developed successfully to stimulate Th1/Th2/Th17 immune responses against Bb and provide a promising strategy for novel vaccine development against the microbial pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yee Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Nan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenwen Xiao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Dong
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jvfen Cheng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quanan Ji
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guolian Bao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310021, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Guolian Bao; Yan Liu, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310021, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310021, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wan X, Yin Y, Zhou C, Hou L, Cui Q, Zhang X, Cai X, Wang Y, Wang L, Tian J. Polysaccharides derived from Chinese medicinal herbs: A promising choice of vaccine adjuvants. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 276:118739. [PMID: 34823775 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants have been used in vaccines for a long time to promote the body's immune response, reducing vaccine dosage and production costs. Although many vaccine adjuvants are developed, the use in human vaccines is limited because of either limited action or side effects. Therefore, the development of new vaccine adjuvants is required. Many studies have found that natural polysaccharides derived from Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) possess good immune promoting effects and simultaneously improve humoral, cellular and mucosal immunity. Recently polysaccharide adjuvants have attracted much attention in vaccine preparation because of their intrinsic characteristics: immunomodulation, biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity and safety. This review article systematically analysed the literature on polysaccharides possessing vaccine adjuvant activity from TCM plants, such as Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide (RGP), Isatis indigotica root polysaccharides (IRPS), etc. and their derivatives. We believe that polysaccharide adjuvants can be used to prepare the vaccines for clinical use provided their mechanisms of action are studied in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhuan Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yiming Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Changzheng Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao 266041, China
| | - Qinghua Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao 266041, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao 266041, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lizhu Wang
- The First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Jingzhen Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao 266041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li X, Liang S, Tan CH, Cao S, Xu X, Er Saw P, Tao W. Nanocarriers in the Enhancement of Therapeutic Efficacy of Natural Drugs. BIO INTEGRATION 2021. [DOI: 10.15212/bioi-2020-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Since time immemorial, plant derived natural products have been used for the treatment of various human diseases before the intervention of modern medicine. The basis of modern medicine is still being inspired from traditional medicine and therapies. However, despite
their tremendous therapeutic potential, these natural drugs often have poor bioavailability, metabolic instability, and aqueous insolubility. These factors greatly impede a natural drug’s commercialization potential as a mainstream medicine. Therefore, the development of nanocarrier
drug delivery systems is indispensable in overcoming the various constraints of the bottlenecks which occur with natural drugs. Of particular interest in this review are four plant materials endogenous to China with the common names of barrenwort or horny goat weed (Epimedium), Shu
Di Huang (Rehmannia glutinosa, RG), ginseng (Panax ginseng), and Dong Quai or female ginseng (Angelica sinensis, AS), each having been scientifically investigated for a wide range of therapeutic uses as has been originally discovered from the long history of traditional
usage and anecdotal information by local population groups in Asia. The integration of natural drugs from the East and nanocarrier drug delivery systems developed from the West is paving the way towards further accurate and efficient medicine therapy. We further discuss the potential benefits
of these plants and the enhancement of their therapeutic efficacy by nanotechnology intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Shunung Liang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510004, China
| | - Chee Hwee Tan
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510004, China
| | - Shuwen Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xiaoding Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Phei Er Saw
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhou Y, Wang S, Feng W, Zhang Z, Li H. Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activities of two polysaccharides from Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:385-395. [PMID: 34197855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structures and immunomodulatory activities of two polysaccharides (SDH-WA and SDH-0.2A) from Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (RRP) were investigated. RRP crude polysaccharide was obtained by water extraction and purified. Ion chromatography, high-performance gel permeation chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, methylation analysis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance were used to characterize the polysaccharides. The main chain of SDH-WA was →6)-α-D-Galp-(1→6)-α-D-Galp-(1→5)-α-L-Araf-(1→3,5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, terminal sugar residue α-L-Araf-(1→ linked to residue →3,5)-α-L-Araf-(1→ on the main chain by an O-3 bond. The other two terminal sugar residues α-D-Galp-(1→ and →6)-β-D-Galp were linked to the end of the main chain. The main chain of SDH-0.2A was →2,4)-α-L-Rhap-(1→4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→. Three branched chains α-D-Galp-(1→6)-α-D-Galp-(1→5)-α-L-Araf-(1→3,5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, and →4)-β-D-Galp-(1→5)-α-L-Araf-(1→ were linked to the main chain residue →2,4)-α-L-Rhap-(1→ by an O-2 bond. Three terminal sugar residues α-D-Galp-(1→, α-L-Araf-(1→, and →6)-β-D-Galp were linked to the end of the chain. Both polysaccharides showed no cytotoxic effects on and significantly promoted the phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells. They dose-dependently improved lysozyme activity and stimulated the production of TNF-α and IL-6 by RAW264.7 cells, but attenuated the secretion of lysozymes, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and nitric oxide by lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells. The present studies suggest that PRR polysaccharide is a valuable source with immunomodulating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Shengchao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Weisheng Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhenling Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Hongwei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Garcia-Del Rio L, Diaz-Rodriguez P, Landin M. Design of novel orotransmucosal vaccine-delivery platforms using artificial intelligence. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 159:36-43. [PMID: 33383169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The linings of the oral cavity are excellent needle-free vaccination sites, able to induce immune responses at distal sites and confer systemic protection. However, owing to the mucosal tissues' intrinsic characteristics, the design of effective antigen-delivery systems is not an easy task. In the present work, we propose to develop and characterize thermosensitive and mucoadhesive hydrogels for orotransmucosal vaccination taking advantage of artificial intelligence tools (AIT). Hydrogels of variable composition were obtained combining Pluronic® F127 (PF127), Hybrane® S1200 (HS1200) and Gantrez® AN119 (AN119) or S97 (S97). Systems were characterized in terms of physicochemical properties, adhesion capacity to mucosal tissues and antigen-like microspheres release. Additionally, polymers biocompatibility and their immune-stimulation capacity was assessed in human macrophages. Interestingly, cells treated with HS1200 exhibited a significant proliferation enhancement compared to control. The use of AIT allowed to determine the effect of each polymer on formulations properties. The proportions of PF127 and Gantrez® are mainly the factors controlling gelation temperature, mucoadhesion, adhesion work and gel strength. Meanwhile, cohesion and short-term microsphere release are dependent on the PF127 concentration. However, long-term microsphere release varies depending on the Gantrez® variety and the PF127 concentration used. Hydrogels prepared with S97 showed slower microsphere release. The use of AIT allowed to establish the conditions able to produce ternary hydrogels with immune-stimulatory properties together with adequate mucoadhesion capacity and antigen-like microspheres release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Garcia-Del Rio
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Grupo I+D Farma (GI-1645), AeMat, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), IDIS Research Institute, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Patricia Diaz-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus Anchieta, La Laguna 38200, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Mariana Landin
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Grupo I+D Farma (GI-1645), AeMat, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), IDIS Research Institute, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Huang Y, Nan L, Xiao C, Su F, Li K, Ji QA, Wei Q, Liu Y, Bao G. PEGylated nano-Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide induces potent adaptive immunity against Bordetella bronchiseptica. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 168:507-517. [PMID: 33310103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines, in many cases, stimulate only too weak immunogenicity to prevent infection. Therefore, adjuvants are required during their preparation to boost the immune response. We herein developed a PEGylated nano-adjuvant based on Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide (RGP). The addition of PEG layer exhibits enhanced immune performance of the nano-RGP. Stimulation of dendritic cells (DCs) with PEGylated nano-RGP (pRL) led to increased proliferation and cytokine production (IL-6, IL-12, IL-1β and TNF-α). The pRL was internalized into DCs via a rapid and efficient method. The mice immunized with pRL exhibited enhanced antigen-specific serum IgG and Th1-(IFN-γ), Th2-(IL-4), and Th17-(IL-17, IL-6) cytokine production, contributing to a good anti-infection performance. Furthermore, the pRL could effectively deliver the antigen to the lymph nodes (LNs), activate DC in the LN and produce enhanced CD4+and CD8+ T-cells-derived memory (CD44high CD62Lhigh), and effector (CD44high CD62Llow) as well as functional phenotypes. Our results revealed that pRL can act as a promising adjuvant with targeted delivery of antigen due to its effective activation and robust adaptive immunity induction of DCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yee Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Li Nan
- Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321000, PR China
| | - Chenwen Xiao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Fei Su
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Quan-An Ji
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Guolian Bao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata promotes bone fracture healing through activation of TGF-β signaling in mesenchymal progenitors. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
18
|
Liu W, Yin DX, Zhang T, Qiao Q, Yang YQ, Wang WL. Phytochemical Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Rehmannia glutinosa from Different Production Locations. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000341. [PMID: 32458564 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The chemical components and antioxidant activity of 16 Rehmannia glutinosa samples were investigated to reveal the high-quality raw resource for pharmaceutical products. 22 main chemical components were detected with significant content differences (P<0.05). The contents of 14 substances reached the maximum in S1 sample such as catalpol (6.74 mg g-1 ), rehmaionoside A (1.93 mg g-1 ) and rehmannioside D (5.13 mg g-1 ). However, the content distribution of the other eight substances had no obvious change regulation. Three antioxidant evaluation methods commonly showed that S1 sample had strong antioxidant activity with a low IC50 value of 0.022 mg mL-1 , a high ABTS value of 524.196 μmol equiv. Trolox g-1 , and a high FRAP value of 200.517 μmol equiv. Trolox g-1 . Considered the medicinal value, S1 had high quality based on the present phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activity. These results also indicated that the root extracts of R. glutinosa could become useful supplement for pharmaceutical products as new antioxidant agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Xue Yin
- College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, P. R. China
| | - Qi Qiao
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Qin Yang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Lu Wang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Extracellular vesicles for tumor targeting delivery based on five features principle. J Control Release 2020; 322:555-565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|