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Jacovides C, Papadopoulou SK, Pavlidou E, Dakanalis A, Alexatou O, Vorvolakos T, Lechouritis E, Papacosta E, Chrysafi M, Mitsiou M, Mentzelou M, Kosti RI, Giaginis C. Association of Pregnant Women's Perinatal Depression with Sociodemographic, Anthropometric and Lifestyle Factors and Perinatal and Postnatal Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2096. [PMID: 38610861 PMCID: PMC11012430 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13072096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: In recent decades, the incidence of depression has gradually increased in the general population globally. Depression is also common during gestation and could result in detrimental gestational complications for both the mother and the fetus. The survey presented aimed to evaluate whether pregnant women's perinatal depression could be associated with socio-demographic, anthropometry and lifestyle factors, and perinatal and postnatal outcomes. Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey conducted on 5314 pregnant women. Socio-demographic and lifestyle factors were recorded by relevant questionnaires via face-to-face interviews. Anthropometric parameters were measured by qualified personnel. Perinatal depressive symptomatology status was evaluated by Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-II) questionnaire. Results: Depressive symptoms throughout gestation were found in 35.1% of the enrolled women. Perinatal depression was significantly associated with lower educational and economic level, pre-pregnancy regular smoking and reduced levels of Mediterranean diet adherence levels, a higher prevalence of gestational diabetes and preterm birth, as well as a higher incidence of delivering by caesarean section and abnormal childbirth weight. Perinatal depression was also significantly associated with a higher prevalence of maternal postpartum depression and lower prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practices, as well as with a higher incidence of childhood asthma. Conclusions: Pregnant women's perinatal depression appears to be associated with various socio-demographic, anthropometry, and lifestyle characteristics and with a higher frequency of several adverse pregnancy complications. The present findings emphasize the importance of pregnant women's perinatal mental health, highlighting the need to develop and apply public strategies and policies for psychological counseling and support of future mothers to minimize probable risk factors that may trigger perinatal depression. Novel well-organized, follow-up surveys of enhanced validity are highly recommended to establish more definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantina Jacovides
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece
| | - Sousana K Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Pavlidou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece
| | - Antonios Dakanalis
- Department of Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Olga Alexatou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece
| | - Theofanis Vorvolakos
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Health Sciences, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Lechouritis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece
| | - Elena Papacosta
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, School of Education and Social Sciences, Frederick University, 3080 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Maria Chrysafi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece
| | - Maria Mitsiou
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Mentzelou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece
| | - Rena I Kosti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece
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2
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Kiewa J, Meltzer-Brody S, Milgrom J, Guintivano J, Hickie IB, Whiteman DC, Olsen CM, Medland SE, Martin NG, Wray NR, Byrne EM. Comprehensive Sex-Stratified Genetic Analysis of 28 Blood Biomarkers and Depression Reveals a Significant Association between Depression and Low Levels of Total Protein in Females. Complex Psychiatry 2024; 10:19-34. [PMID: 38584764 PMCID: PMC10997320 DOI: 10.1159/000538058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Major depression (MD) is more common amongst women than men, and MD episodes have been associated with fluctuations in reproductive hormones amongst women. To investigate biological underpinnings of heterogeneity in MD, the associations between depression, stratified by sex and including perinatal depression (PND), and blood biomarkers, using UK Biobank (UKB) data, were evaluated, and extended to include the association of depression with biomarker polygenic scores (PGS), generated as proxy for each biomarker. Method Using female (N = 39,761) and male (N = 38,821) UKB participants, lifetime MD and PND were tested for association with 28 blood biomarkers. A GWAS was conducted for each biomarker and genetic correlations with depression subgroups were estimated. Using independent data from the Australian Genetics of Depression Study, PGS were constructed for each biomarker, and tested for association with depression status (n [female cases/controls] = 9,006/6,442; n [male cases/controls] = 3,106/6,222). Regions of significant local genetic correlation between depression subgroups and biomarkers highlighted by the PGS analysis were identified. Results Depression in females was significantly associated with levels of twelve biomarkers, including total protein (OR = 0.90, CI = [0.86, 0.94], p = 3.9 × 10-6) and vitamin D (OR = 0.94, CI = [0.90, 0.97], p = 2.6 × 10-4), and PND with five biomarker levels, also including total protein (OR = 0.88, CI = [0.81, 0.96], p = 4.7 × 10-3). Depression in males was significantly associated with levels of eleven biomarkers. In the independent Australian Genetics of Depression Study, PGS analysis found significant associations for female depression and PND with total protein (female depression: OR = 0.93, CI = [0.88, 0.98], p = 3.6 × 10-3; PND: OR = 0.91, CI = [0.86, 0.96], p = 1.1 × 10-3), as well as with vitamin D (female depression: OR = 0.93, CI = [0.89, 0.97], p = 2.0 × 10-3; PND: OR = 0.92, CI = [0.87, 0.97], p = 1.4 × 10-3). The male depression sample did not report any significant results, and the point estimate of total protein (OR = 0.98, CI = [0.92-1.04], p = 4.7 × 10-1) did not indicate any association. Local genetic correlation analysis highlighted significant genetic correlation between PND and total protein, located in 5q13.3 (rG = 0.68, CI = [0.33, 1.0], p = 3.6 × 10-4). Discussion and Conclusion Multiple lines of evidence from genetic analysis highlight an association between total serum protein levels and depression in females. Further research involving prospective measurement of total protein and depressive symptoms is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Kiewa
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Jeannette Milgrom
- Parent-Infant Research Institute, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jerry Guintivano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ian B. Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Sarah E. Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Naomi R. Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Enda M. Byrne
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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3
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Evanchuk JL, Kozyrskyj A, Vaghef-Mehrabani E, Lamers Y, Giesbrecht GF, Letourneau N, Aghajafari F, Dewey D, Leung B, Bell RC, Field CJ. Maternal Iron and Vitamin D Status during the Second Trimester Is Associated with Third Trimester Depression Symptoms among Pregnant Participants in the APrON Cohort. J Nutr 2024; 154:174-184. [PMID: 37984742 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The maternal status of multiple micronutrients during pregnancy and postpartum and their potential associations with maternal health outcomes are largely undescribed. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine associations between maternal iron and vitamin D status, individually and in combination, on depression symptoms in pregnant individuals. METHODS The Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition cohort study included pregnant participants and their children from Calgary and Edmonton, Canada. Iron biomarkers (serum ferritin [SF], soluble transferrin receptor, and hepcidin) were measured via immunoassays and vitamin D [25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) and 3-epi-25-hydoxyvitamin D3 (3-epi-25(OH)D3)] metabolites were quantifed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectroscopy. Four categories of maternal iron and vitamin D status during the second trimester were conceptualized using concentrations of SF and total 25-hydoxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], respectively. Maternal Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores during the third trimester (n = 1920) and 3 mo postpartum (n = 1822) were obtained. RESULTS Concentrations of maternal 25(OH)D3, 3-epi-25(OH)D3, and the ratio of both metabolites were significantly higher during the second trimester compared with their status at 3 mo postpartum. Higher second trimester maternal concentrations of SF (β: -0.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.5, -0.01), hepcidin (β: -0.5; 95% CI: -0.9, -0.2), and 25(OH)D3 (β: -0.01; 95% CI: -0.02, -0.004) predicted lower maternal EPDS scores during the third trimester. Pregnant individuals with a low iron (SF <15 μg/L) and replete vitamin D (25(OH)D ≥75 nmol/L) (β: 1.1; 95% CI: 0.03, 2.1) or low iron (SF <15 μg/L) and vitamin D (25(OH)D <75 nmol/L) (β: 2.2; 95% CI: 0.3, 4.2) status during midpregnancy had higher third trimester EPDS scores compared with those that were replete in both micronutrients. CONCLUSIONS A higher midpregnancy maternal iron and vitamin D status, independently or in combination, predicted fewer maternal depression symptoms in the third trimester. Concentrations of maternal 25(OH)D3 and 3-epi-25(OH)D3 may be lower in the postpartum period compared with midpregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Evanchuk
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Anita Kozyrskyj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Yvonne Lamers
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; British Columbia's Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gerald F Giesbrecht
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nicole Letourneau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Fariba Aghajafari
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Family Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Deborah Dewey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Brenda Leung
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Rhonda C Bell
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Whelan AR, Polnaszek BE, Recabo O, Clark MA, Lewkowitz AK, Ayala NK. The relationship between body mass index and perceived control over labor. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:752. [PMID: 37880671 PMCID: PMC10598931 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06063-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with an increased body mass index (BMI) (≥ 30 kg/m2) experience higher rates of perinatal mental health disorders than individuals with BMI < 30. Personal experience of decreased control over labor has been associated with the development postpartum mood and anxiety disorders. However, no studies have investigated the association between BMI and experience of control over labor. This study aimed to assess perceived control over labor and compare patients with BMI ≥ 30 to those with BMI < 30. METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study of postpartum patients who delivered at term (37-41 weeks gestation). Postpartum, participants completed the Labour Agentry Scale (LAS), a validated tool to assess perceived control over labor/birth. Demographic, maternal health history and obstetric/neonatal outcomes were abstracted from the patient chart. Bivariate analyses were performed between those with BMI < 30 and those with BMI ≥ 30 using Fisher's exact test. Continuous LAS scores were compared between patients with BMI < 30 and BMI ≥ 30 using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Higher LAS scores indicate higher perceived control over labor. Multivariable linear regression was then performed to account for confounding factors identified a priori. RESULTS There was no difference in LAS between those with BMI ≥ 30 and BMI < 30. When stratified by World Health Organization (WHO) class of BMI, those with BMI ≥ 40 had a significantly lower LAS scores than those with BMI < 30 (147 vs. 163, p = 0.02), however, this finding was no longer significant after controlling for length of labor and cesarean birth. CONCLUSION Only participants with the highest BMI experienced decreased control over labor, and this finding was no longer significant after controlling for mode of delivery and length of labor. Further research into the experience of birthing people with BMI ≥ 30 is critical to understand the increased risk of perinatal mood disorders among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Whelan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Women &, Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 101 Dudley St, Providence, RI, 02905, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Brock E Polnaszek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Women &, Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 101 Dudley St, Providence, RI, 02905, USA
| | - Olivia Recabo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Melissa A Clark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Women &, Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 101 Dudley St, Providence, RI, 02905, USA
| | - Adam K Lewkowitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Women &, Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 101 Dudley St, Providence, RI, 02905, USA
| | - Nina K Ayala
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Women &, Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 101 Dudley St, Providence, RI, 02905, USA
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5
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Ventriglio A, Severo M, Petito A, Nappi L, Iuso S, Altamura M, Sannicandro V, Milano E, Arcidiacono G, Di Salvatore M, Gallone F, De Masi L, Marconcini A, Giannaccari E, Maruotti G, Palma GL, Vicino M, Perrone A, Caroli A, Di Pinto I, Bellomo A. The impact of body mass index on the pregnancy outcomes and risk of perinatal depression: Findings from a multicenter Italian study. Eur Psychiatry 2023; 66:e52. [PMID: 37466073 PMCID: PMC10377469 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body Mass Index (BMI) is an informative factor on body fatness which has been associated to higher levels of Perinatal Depression (PD) and complications during pregnancy. We aimed to explore the impact of pre-pregnancy and postnatal BMI on the risk of Perinatal Depression and pregnancy outcomes among women recruited at their third trimester of pregnancy. METHODS We report on findings from a large multi-centre study conducted in the South of Italy and involving 1611 women accessing three urban gynaecological departments from July to November 2020. Pregnant women were assessed at their third trimester of pregnancy (T0) and after the childbirth (T1) ;The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) has been employed for the screening of PD over time (T0 and T1) as well as other standardized measures for neuroticism, resilience, and quality of life at baseline. BMI (T0 and T1) and other socio-demographic and clinical characteristics have been collected. RESULTS Over-weight and obesity (higher levels of BMI) were associated with higher risk of PD (higher scores of EPDS), higher neuroticism and poorer subjective psychological well-being among enrolled women. Also, obesity and over-weight were associated with lower education, higher number of physical comorbidities, medical treatments and complications during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Over-weight and obesity may impact on mental health and pregnancy outcome of women enrolled. Psycho-educational interventions aimed to improve the management of physical and emotional issues may reduce the risk of PD and complications during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ventriglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Melania Severo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Petito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigi Nappi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Iuso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mario Altamura
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Valeria Sannicandro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Milano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giulia Arcidiacono
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Melanie Di Salvatore
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Gallone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Laura De Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Maruotti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Mario Vicino
- Unit of Gynaecology, “Di Venere” Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Isabella Di Pinto
- Dipartimento Promozione della Salute e del Benessere Animale, Regione Puglia, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Arshad R, Sameen A, Murtaza MA, Sharif HR, Iahtisham‐Ul‐Haq, Dawood S, Ahmed Z, Nemat A, Manzoor MF. Impact of vitamin D on maternal and fetal health: A review. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:3230-3240. [PMID: 36249984 PMCID: PMC9548347 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of vitamin D in improving maternal health and reducing the risk of developmental disorders in fetus has been an important domain of research since the past few years. Vitamin D, owing to its immunomodulatory, anti‐inflammatory, developmental roles, and regulating calcium homeostasis, is predicted to have a significant influence on maternal and fetal health status. Several observational studies and clinical trials, determining the impact of vitamin D on gestational diabetes, C‐section, postpartum depression, pre‐eclampsia, miscarriages, and preterm delivery, have been elaborated in this review. In addition, fetal birth defects including neurological development, reduced birth weight, respiratory infections, bone development, and altered anthropometrics have also been summarized with available evidences. Other important mechanisms related to the roles of vitamin D in the body are also explained. Furthermore, recent studies determining the effect of vitamin D at genetic level will also help in understanding and future design of research in the area of maternal and fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Arshad
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences The University of Lahore Gujrat Campus Gujrat Pakistan
| | - Aysha Sameen
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Mian Anjum Murtaza
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Rizwan Sharif
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences The University of Lahore Gujrat Campus Gujrat Pakistan
| | - Iahtisham‐Ul‐Haq
- Kausar Abdullah Malik School of Life Sciences Forman Christian College University Lahore Pakistan
| | - Sahifa Dawood
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences The University of Lahore Gujrat Campus Gujrat Pakistan
| | - Zahoor Ahmed
- Human Nutrition and Dietetics School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology Lahore Pakistan
| | - Arash Nemat
- Department of Microbiology Kabul University of Medical Sciences Afghanistan
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7
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A Systematic Review of Vitamin D during Pregnancy and Postnatally and Symptoms of Depression in the Antenatal and Postpartum Period from Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112300. [PMID: 35684101 PMCID: PMC9183028 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common mood disorder associated with childbirth and is hypothesized to be affected by low vitamin D. This systematic review identified two randomized controlled trials (RCT) of vitamin D supplementation for the treatment or prevention of depressive symptoms in the perinatal period, as well as 18 observational studies of vitamin D exposure and depression in the antenatal and postnatal periods. Both RCTs claimed an improvement in depressive symptoms in the vitamin D group, although the sample sizes were too small to draw firm conclusions. The case-control and cohort studies had mixed findings and were limited by study quality. There were inconsistent results within the few studies with a more robust methodology or within samples restricted to women likely to have depression. The current evidence is inconclusive due to the poor quality and heterogeneity of studies, likely contributing to the contradictory findings. Given there are already numerous RCTs of prenatal vitamin D supplementation, we recommend adding an appropriate measure of depression in the perinatal period to assist in resolving the uncertainty.
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8
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The effect of prepregnancy body mass index on maternal micronutrient status: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18100. [PMID: 34518612 PMCID: PMC8437962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97635-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and maternal micronutrient status is inconsistent and has not received sufficient attention. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of prepregnancy BMI on micronutrient levels in pregnant women. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for articles that contained information on micronutrient levels and prepregnancy BMI. A random-effects model was used to determine the association between prepregnancy BMI and maternal micronutrient status. Sixty-one eligible articles were eventually included, with 83,554 participants. Vitamin B12, folate, vitamin D, iron and ferritin were the main micronutrients evaluated in our meta-analysis. Prepregnancy obesity and overweight may lead to an increased risk of micronutrient deficiency, including vitamin B12, folate and vitamin D deficiency, while prepregnancy obesity or overweight may have no significant association with ferritin deficiency. Additionally, the results of the dose-response analyses demonstrated a possible significant inverse correlation between prepregnancy BMI and levels of micronutrient, except for iron and ferritin. Compared with women with normal weight, women who were overweight or obese prepregnancy have lower micronutrient concentrations and are more likely to exhibit micronutrient deficiency during pregnancy, which is harmful to both mothers and neonates.
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9
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Pavlik LB, Rosculet K. Maternal Obesity and Perinatal Depression: An Updated Literature Review. Cureus 2020; 12:e10736. [PMID: 33029470 PMCID: PMC7529499 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review was to determine if there is an association between maternal obesity and increased risk of perinatal depression. Original research articles were found by conducting an electronic database search of PubMed, ClinicalKey, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library. Seven articles, published in the last five years, were reviewed. Of the seven articles, five demonstrated an association between some level of maternal obesity and increased risk of perinatal depressive symptoms. The two remaining articles did initially find an association, but it was no longer significant after adjusting for or mediating the analysis with covariates. There appears to be an association between peripartum depressive symptoms and some level of maternal obesity and its comorbidities. More research is needed to determine the mechanism and degree of the association and its clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B Pavlik
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin-Green Bay, De Pere, USA
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10
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Associations between depression, height and body mass index in adolescent and adult population of Penza city and oblast, Russia. J Biosoc Sci 2020; 53:800-804. [PMID: 32696733 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932020000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible associations between depression, height and body mass index (BMI) in the adolescent and adult population of Penza city and oblast, Russia. The study included 554 adults aged 16-89 years. The presence and severity of depression was evaluated using Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-II). The participants self-reported their height (cm) and weight (kg) and these were used to calculate their BMI (kg/m2). Significant correlations were obtained between depression and short stature in young men, depression and short stature in participants with normal BMI and depression and age in overweight participants. Young women aged 16-23 years, and older men aged 60-89 years, presented the highest and very similar depression scores with no statistically significant difference between them. Special attention should be paid in Russia to these groups due to their higher risk of depressive disorders.
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11
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Kohlmeier M. Avoidance of vitamin D deficiency to slow the COVID-19 pandemic. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2020; 3:67-73. [PMID: 33230496 PMCID: PMC7295862 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency, which impedes good immune function, is common during winter and spring in regions of high latitude. There is good evidence that vitamin D deficiency contributes to the seasonal increase of virus infections of the respiratory tract, from the common cold to influenza, and now possibly also COVID-19. This communication explores key factors that make it more likely, particularly in combination, that individuals are vitamin D deficient. These factors include old age, obesity, dark skin tone and common genetic variants that impede vitamin D status. Precision nutrition is an approach that aims to consider known personal risk factors and health circumstances to provide more effective nutrition guidance in health and disease. In regard to avoiding vitamin D deficiency, people with excess body fat, a dark skin tone or older age usually need to use a moderately dosed daily vitamin D supplement, particularly those living in a high-latitude region, getting little ultraviolet B exposure due to air pollution or staying mostly indoors. Carriers of the GC (group-specific component) rs4588 AA genotype also are more likely to become deficient. Very high-dosed supplements with more than 4000 IU vitamin D are rarely needed or justified. A state-by-state Mendelian randomisation analysis of excess COVID-19 mortality of African-Americans in the USA shows a greater disparity in northern states than in southern states. It is conceivable that vitamin D adequacy denies the virus easy footholds and thereby slows spreading of the contagion. This finding should drive home the message that vitamin D supplementation is particularly important for individuals with dark skin tones. Vitamin D deficiency, even for a few months during the winter and spring season, must be rigorously remedied because of its many adverse health impacts that include decreased life expectancy and increased mortality. Slowing the spread of COVID-19 would be an added bonus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kohlmeier
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
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