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Maurya S, Lin M, Karnam S, Singh T, Kumar M, Ward E, Flanagan JG, Gronert K. Regulation of Diseases-Associated Microglia in the Optic Nerve by Lipoxin B 4 and Ocular Hypertension. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.18.585452. [PMID: 38562864 PMCID: PMC10983965 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.18.585452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background The resident astrocyte-retinal ganglion cell (RGC) lipoxin circuit is impaired during retinal stress, which includes ocular hypertension-induced neuropathy. Lipoxin B4 produced by homeostatic astrocytes directly acts on RGCs to increase survival and function in ocular hypertension-induced neuropathy. RGC death in the retina and axonal degeneration in the optic nerve are driven by the complex interactions between microglia and macroglia. Whether LXB4 neuroprotective actions include regulation of other cell types in the retina and/or optic nerve is an important knowledge gap. Methods Cellular targets and signaling of LXB4 in the retina were defined by single-cell RNA sequencing. Retinal neurodegeneration was induced by injecting silicone oil into the anterior chamber of the mouse eyes, which induced sustained and stable ocular hypertension. Morphological characterization of microglia populations in the retina and optic nerve was established by MorphOMICs and pseudotime trajectory analyses. The pathways and mechanisms of action of LXB4 in the optic nerve were investigated using bulk RNA sequencing. Transcriptomics data was validated by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Differences between experimental groups was assessed by Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA. Results Single-cell transcriptomics identified microglia as a primary target for LXB4 in the healthy retina. LXB4 downregulated genes that drive microglia environmental sensing and reactivity responses. Analysis of microglial function revealed that ocular hypertension induced distinct, temporally defined, and dynamic phenotypes in the retina and, unexpectedly, in the distal myelinated optic nerve. Microglial expression of CD74, a marker of disease-associated microglia in the brain, was only induced in a unique population of optic nerve microglia, but not in the retina. Genetic deletion of lipoxin formation correlated with the presence of a CD74 optic nerve microglia population in normotensive eyes, while LXB4 treatment during ocular hypertension shifted optic nerve microglia toward a homeostatic morphology and non-reactive state and downregulated the expression of CD74. Furthermore, we identified a correlation between CD74 and phospho-phosphoinositide 3-kinases (p-PI3K) expression levels in the optic nerve, which was reduced by LXB4 treatment. Conclusion We identified early and dynamic changes in the microglia functional phenotype, reactivity, and induction of a unique CD74 microglia population in the distal optic nerve as key features of ocular hypertension-induced neurodegeneration. Our findings establish microglia regulation as a novel LXB4 target in the retina and optic nerve. LXB4 maintenance of a homeostatic optic nerve microglia phenotype and inhibition of a disease-associated phenotype are potential neuroprotective mechanisms for the resident LXB4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Maurya
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Maggie Lin
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Shruthi Karnam
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Tanirika Singh
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Matangi Kumar
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Vision Science Program, University of California Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Emily Ward
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Vision Science Program, University of California Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - John G Flanagan
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Vision Science Program, University of California Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Karsten Gronert
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Vision Science Program, University of California Berkeley, CA, United States
- Infectious Disease and Immunity Program, University of California Berkeley, CA, United States
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Liu HH, Cullen PF, Sivak JM, Gronert K, Flanagan JG. Protective Effects of Lipoxin A 4 and B 4 Signaling on the Inner Retina in a Mouse Model of Experimental Glaucoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.17.575414. [PMID: 38293224 PMCID: PMC10827219 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.17.575414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), resulting in a gradual decline of vision. A recent study by our groups indicated that the levels of lipoxins A4 (LXA4) and B4 (LXB4) in the retina and optic nerve decrease following acute injury, and that restoring their function is neuroprotective. Lipoxins are members of the specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) family and play key roles to mitigate and resolve chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Yet, knowledge about lipoxin neuroprotective activity remains limited. Here we investigate the in vivo efficacy of exogenous LXA4 and LXB4 administration on the inner retina in a mouse model of chronic experimental glaucoma. To investigate the contribution of LXA4 signaling we used transgenic knockout (KO) mice lacking the two mouse LXA4 receptors (Fpr2/Fpr3-/-). Functional and structural changes of inner retinal neurons were assessed longitudinally using electroretinogram (ERG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). At the end of the experiment, retinal samples were harvested for immunohistological assessment. While both lipoxins generated protective trends, only LXB4 treatment was significant, and consistently more efficacious than LXA4 in all endpoints. Both lipoxins also appeared to dramatically reduce Müller glial reactivity following injury. In comparison, Fpr2/Fpr3 deletion significantly worsened inner retinal injury and function, consistent with an essential protective role for endogenous LXA4. Together, these results support further exploration of lipoxin signaling as a treatment for glaucomatous neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hua Liu
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Paul F. Cullen
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Jeremy M. Sivak
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karsten Gronert
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - John G. Flanagan
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
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Zahoor I, Waters J, Ata N, Datta I, Pedersen TL, Cerghet M, Poisson L, Markovic-Plese S, Rattan R, Taha AY, Newman JW, Giri S. Blood-based targeted metabolipidomics reveals altered omega fatty acid-derived lipid mediators in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.04.574253. [PMID: 38260401 PMCID: PMC10802284 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.04.574253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Unresolved and uncontrolled inflammation is considered a hallmark of pathogenesis in chronic inflammatory diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting a defective resolution process. Inflammatory resolution is an active process partially mediated by endogenous metabolites of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), collectively termed specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs). Altered levels of resolution mediators have been reported in several inflammatory diseases and may partly explain impaired inflammatory resolution. Performing LC-MS/MS-based targeted lipid mediator profiling, we observed distinct changes in fatty acid metabolites in serum from 30 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients relative to 30 matched healthy subjects (HS). Robust linear regression revealed 12 altered lipid mediators after adjusting for confounders (p <0.05). Of these, 15d-PGJ2, PGE3, and LTB5 were increased in MS while PGF2a, 8,9-DiHETrE, 5,6-DiHETrE, 20-HETE, 15-HETE, 12-HETE, 12-HEPE, 14-HDoHE, and DHEA were decreased in MS compared to HS. In addition, 12,13-DiHOME and 12,13-DiHODE were positively correlated with expanded disability status scale values (EDSS). Using Partial Least Squares, we identified several lipid mediators with high VIP scores (VIP > 1: 32% - 52%) of which POEA, PGE3, DHEA, LTB5, and 12-HETE were top predictors for distinguishing between RRMS and HS (AUC =0.75) based on the XGBoost Classifier algorithm. Collectively, these findings suggest an imbalance between inflammation and resolution. Altogether, lipid mediators appear to have potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for RRMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insha Zahoor
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, 48202, USA
| | - Jeffrey Waters
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, 48202, USA
| | - Nasar Ata
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, 48202, USA
| | - Indrani Datta
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, 48202, USA
| | | | - Mirela Cerghet
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, 48202, USA
| | - Laila Poisson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, 48202, USA
| | - Silva Markovic-Plese
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ramandeep Rattan
- Division of Gynaecology Oncology, Department of Women’s Health Services, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, 48202, USA
| | - Ameer Y. Taha
- Department of Food and Technology, University of California, Davis, USA
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - John W. Newman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Shailendra Giri
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, 48202, USA
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Volpedo G, Oljuskin T, Cox B, Mercado Y, Askwith C, Azodi N, Bernier M, Nakhasi HL, Gannavaram S, Satoskar AR. Leishmania mexicana promotes pain-reducing metabolomic reprogramming in cutaneous lesions. iScience 2023; 26:108502. [PMID: 38125023 PMCID: PMC10730346 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is characterized by extensive skin lesions, which are usually painless despite being associated with extensive inflammation. The molecular mechanisms responsible for this analgesia have not been identified. Through untargeted metabolomics, we found enriched anti-nociceptive metabolic pathways in L. mexicana-infected mice. Purines were elevated in infected macrophages and at the lesion site during chronic infection. These purines have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties by acting through adenosine receptors, inhibiting TRPV1 channels, and promoting IL-10 production. We also found arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism enriched in the ear lesions compared to the non-infected controls. AA is a metabolite of anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). These endocannabinoids act on cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 and TRPV1 channels to exert anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Our study provides evidence of metabolic pathways upregulated during L. mexicana infection that may mediate anti-nociceptive effects experienced by CL patients and identifies macrophages as a source of these metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Volpedo
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Timur Oljuskin
- Animal Parasitic Disease Lab, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Blake Cox
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yulian Mercado
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Candice Askwith
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nazli Azodi
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Bernier
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hira L. Nakhasi
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sreenivas Gannavaram
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Abhay R. Satoskar
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Zhang C, Ouyang L, Zhang X, Wen W, Xu Y, Li S, Li Y, He F, Liu W, Liu H. Anaphylactoid reactions induced by Shuanghuanglian injection and Shenmai injection and metabolomics analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1200199. [PMID: 37484014 PMCID: PMC10358984 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1200199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Shuanghuanglian injection (lyophilized) (SHLI) is commonly used to treat respiratory tract infection. Shenmai injection (SMI) is mainly used to treat cardiovascular diseases. Despite their widespread clinical use, anaphylactoid reactions (ARs) induced by SHLI and SMI have been reported, which have attracted broad attention. However, the impact of ARs on metabolic changes and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Methods: ICR mice were used as model animals and were treated with normal saline, C48/80, SHLI and SMI, respectively. The behavior of mice, auricle blue staining and Evans Blue exudation were used as indexes to evaluate the sensitization of SHLI and SMI and determine the optimal sensitization dose. Anaphylactoid mice model was established based on the optimal dose and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to model verification. Afterwards, plasma samples of administered mice were profiled by LC-MS metabolomics and analyzed to evaluate the changes in metabolites. Results: High doses of both SHLI and SMI can induce severe anaphylactoid reactions while the reaction induced by SMI was weaker. A Partial Least-Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) score plot indicated that following administration, significant metabolic changes occurred in mice. 23 distinct metabolites, including deoxycholic acid, histamine, and 5-hydroxytryptophan, were identified in the SHLI groups. 11 distinct metabolites, including androsterone, 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetate, were identified in the SMI groups. Meanwhile, different metabolic pathways of SHLI and SMI were predicted by different metabolites. The associated metabolic pathways include steroid hormone biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, histidine metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, and primary bile acid biosynthesis. Conclusion: Study showed that both SHLI and SMI can induce varying degrees of anaphylactoid reactions, a positive correlation between response intensity and dose was observed. Metabolomics showed that SHLI and SMI may promote the simultaneous release of hormones and inflammatory factors by disturbing relevant metabolic pathways, while SMI may also inhibit the release of inflammatory factors in arachidonic acid metabolic pathway, indicating both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. This study will serve as a reference for developing a new approach to evaluate the safety of SHLI and SMI from perspective of susceptible drug varieties. However, ARs mechanism requires further verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Linqi Ouyang
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xili Zhang
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Wen
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yuqin Xu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shan Li
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yingyu Li
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Fuyuan He
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Wenlong Liu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Yu T, Yu Y, Ma Y, Chen G. FoxO4 mediates macrophage M2 polarization by promoting LXA4R expression in an ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma model in mice. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2023; 51:19-30. [PMID: 37422776 DOI: 10.15586/aei.v51i4.847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma imposes a heavy burden due to its high prevalence. Forkhead box O4 (FoxO4) proteins participate in the modulation of cell progression. However, the role and mechanism of FoxO4 in asthma remains uncharted. METHODS An allergic asthma model was constructed by the induction of ovalbumin and interleukin (IL)-4 in mice and monocyte/macrophage-like Raw264.7 cells, respectively. The role and mechanism of FoxO4 in asthma was determined by pathological staining, immunofluorescence assay, measurement of inflammatory cells in the blood, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blot analysis, and flow cytometry. RESULTS Ovalbumin treatment triggered an obvious inflammatory cell infiltration with a prominent increase in F4/80+ cell numbers. The relative messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expressions of FoxO4 were increased in both ovalbumin-induced mice and interleukin-4 (IL-4)-induced Raw264.7 cells. Inhibition of FoxO4 via AS1842856 reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, the number of Periodic Acid Schiff+ (PAS+) goblet cells, the numbers of inflammatory cells in the blood, and the airway resistance in ovalbumin-induced mice. Besides, interference of FoxO4 decreased the number of F4/80+CD206+ cells, and the relative protein expressions of CD163 and Arg1 in vivo and in vitro. Mechanically, suppression of FoxO4 diminished the relative mRNA and protein expressions of LXA4R in both ovalbumin-induced mice and IL-4-induced Raw264.7 cells. Overexpression of LXA4R reversed the outcomes caused by repression of FoxO4, including airway resistance, the number of F4/80+ cells, the proportion of CD206+ cells in ovalbumin-induced mice, and the proportion of F4/80+CD206+ cells in IL-4-induced Raw264.7 cells. CONCLUSION FoxO4/LXA4R axis mediated macrophage M2 polarization in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiping Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;
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Saraiva-Santos T, Zaninelli TH, Manchope MF, Andrade KC, Ferraz CR, Bertozzi MM, Artero NA, Franciosi A, Badaro-Garcia S, Staurengo-Ferrari L, Borghi SM, Ceravolo GS, Andrello AC, Zanoveli JM, Rogers MS, Casagrande R, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Verri WA. Therapeutic activity of lipoxin A 4 in TiO 2-induced arthritis in mice: NF-κB and Nrf2 in synovial fluid leukocytes and neuronal TRPV1 mechanisms. Front Immunol 2023; 14:949407. [PMID: 37388729 PMCID: PMC10304281 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.949407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) has anti-inflammatory and pro-resolutive roles in inflammation. We evaluated the effects and mechanisms of action of LXA4 in titanium dioxide (TiO2) arthritis, a model of prosthesis-induced joint inflammation and pain. Methods Mice were stimulated with TiO2 (3mg) in the knee joint followed by LXA4 (0.1, 1, or 10ng/animal) or vehicle (ethanol 3.2% in saline) administration. Pain-like behavior, inflammation, and dosages were performed to assess the effects of LXA4 in vivo. Results LXA4 reduced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, histopathological damage, edema, and recruitment of leukocytes without liver, kidney, or stomach toxicity. LXA4 reduced leukocyte migration and modulated cytokine production. These effects were explained by reduced nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) activation in recruited macrophages. LXA4 improved antioxidant parameters [reduced glutathione (GSH) and 2,2-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) levels, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA and Nrf2 protein expression], reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) fluorescent detection induced by TiO2 in synovial fluid leukocytes. We observed an increase of lipoxin receptor (ALX/FPR2) in transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1)+ DRG nociceptive neurons upon TiO2 inflammation. LXA4 reduced TiO2-induced TRPV1 mRNA expression and protein detection, as well TRPV1 co-staining with p-NFκB, indicating reduction of neuronal activation. LXA4 down-modulated neuronal activation and response to capsaicin (a TRPV1 agonist) and AITC [a transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) agonist] of DRG neurons. Conclusion LXA4 might target recruited leukocytes and primary afferent nociceptive neurons to exert analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in a model resembling what is observed in patients with prosthesis inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Saraiva-Santos
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Tiago H. Zaninelli
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marília F. Manchope
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ketlem C. Andrade
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Camila R. Ferraz
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mariana M. Bertozzi
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Nayara A. Artero
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Anelise Franciosi
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Stephanie Badaro-Garcia
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Larissa Staurengo-Ferrari
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sergio M. Borghi
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Center for Research in Health Sciences, University of Northern Paraná, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Graziela S. Ceravolo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Janaína Menezes Zanoveli
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Michael S. Rogers
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre of Health Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Felipe A. Pinho-Ribeiro
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Waldiceu A. Verri
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Kobi JBBS, Matias AM, Gasparini PVF, Torezani-Sales S, Madureira AR, da Silva DS, Correa CR, Garcia JL, Haese D, Nogueira BV, de Assis ALEM, Lima-Leopoldo AP, Leopoldo AS. High-fat, high-sucrose, and combined high-fat/high-sucrose diets effects in oxidative stress and inflammation in male rats under presence or absence of obesity. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15635. [PMID: 37032431 PMCID: PMC10083166 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The study examines the influence of three types of hypercaloric diets on metabolic parameters, inflammatory markers, and oxidative stress in experimental model. Male Wistar rats (n = 40) were randomized in control (C), high-sucrose (HS), high-fat (HF), and high-fat with sucrose (HFHS) for 20 weeks. Nutritional, metabolic, hormonal, and biochemical profiles, as well as histological analysis of adipose and hepatic tissues were performed. Inflammation and oxidative stress were determined. HF model caused obesity and comorbidities as glucose intolerance and arterial hypertension. In relation to hormonal and biochemical parameters, there was no significant difference between the groups. All groups showed increased deposition of fat droplets in the hepatic tissue, even though adipocyte areas were similar. Biomarkers of oxidative stress in serum and adipose tissues were similar among the groups. HF model was effective in triggering associated obesity and comorbidities in male rats, but all hypercaloric diets were unable to promote oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Martins Matias
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Suellem Torezani-Sales
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Science, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Rangel Madureira
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Sesana da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Douglas Haese
- University of Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Breno Valentim Nogueira
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Lima-Leopoldo
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
- Center of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - André Soares Leopoldo
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Science, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
- Center of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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Yasmeen N, Selvaraj H, Lakhawat SS, Datta M, Sharma PK, Jain A, Khanna R, Srinivasan J, Kumar V. Possibility of averting cytokine storm in SARS-COV 2 patients using specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 209:115437. [PMID: 36731803 PMCID: PMC9884647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fatal "cytokine storms (CS)" observed in critically ill COVID-19 patients are consequences of dysregulated host immune system and over-exuberant inflammatory response. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multi-system organ failure, and eventual death are distinctive symptoms, attributed to higher morbidity and mortality rates among these patients. Consequent efforts to save critical COVID-19 patients via the usage of several novel therapeutic options are put in force. Strategically, drugs being used in such patients are dexamethasone, remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, etc. along with the approved vaccines. Moreover, it is certain that activation of the resolution process is important for the prevention of chronic diseases. Until recently Inflammation resolution was considered a passive process, rather it's an active biochemical process that can be achieved by the use of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). These endogenous mediators are an array of atypical lipid metabolites that include Resolvins, lipoxins, maresins, protectins, considered as immunoresolvents, but their role in COVID-19 is ambiguous. Recent evidence from studies such as the randomized clinical trial, in which omega 3 fatty acid was used as supplement to resolve inflammation in COVID-19, suggests that direct supplementation of SPMs or the use of synthetic SPM mimetics (which are still being explored) could enhance the process of resolution by regulating the aberrant inflammatory process and can be useful in pain relief and tissue remodeling. Here we discussed the biosynthesis of SPMs, & their mechanistic pathways contributing to inflammation resolution along with sequence of events leading to CS in COVID-19, with a focus on therapeutic potential of SPMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrath Yasmeen
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Harikrishnan Selvaraj
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sudarshan S Lakhawat
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manali Datta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pushpender K Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ajay Jain
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rakhi Khanna
- Rajasthan State Regional Forensic Science Laboratory, Kota, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Vikram Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
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10
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Lipoxin and glycation in SREBP signaling: Insight into diabetic cardiomyopathy and associated lipotoxicity. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 164:106698. [PMID: 36379414 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diabetes increases cardiovascular risk through hyperglycemia and atherosclerosis. Chronic hyperglycemia accelerates glycation reaction, which forms advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Additionally, hyperglycemia with enhanced levels of cholesterol, native and oxidized low-density lipoproteins, free fatty acids, and oxidative stress induces lipotoxicity. Accelerated glycation and disturbed lipid metabolism are characteristic features of diabetic heart failure. SREBP signaling plays a significant role in lipid and glucose homeostasis. AGEs increase lipotoxicity in diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting SREBP signaling. While anti-inflammatory lipid mediators, lipoxins resolve inflammation caused by lipotoxicity by upregulating the PPARγ expression and regulating CD36. PPARγ connects the bridge between glycation and lipoxin in SREBP signaling. A summary of treatment modalities against diabetic cardiomyopathy is given in brief. This review indicates the novel therapeutic approach in the crosstalk between glycation and lipoxin in SREBP signaling.
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11
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Seo EH, Lee SH, Choi BY, Oh CS, Kim JK. Exogenous Lipoxin A4 attenuates IL4-induced Mucin Expression in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:406-414. [PMID: 36860679 PMCID: PMC9969498 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.79525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) induces mucus hypersecretion by human airway epithelial cells and the MAP kinase signalling pathway may be important in terms of IL-4-induced MUC5AC gene expression. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is an arachidonic acid-derived mediator that promotes inflammation by binding to the anti-inflammatory receptors (ALXs) or the formyl-peptide receptor like-1 (FPRL1) protein expressed by airway epithelial cells. Here, we explore the effects of LXA4 on IL-4-induced mucin gene expression in, and secretion from, human airway epithelial cells. Methods: We co-treated cells with IL-4 (20 ng/mL) and LXA4 (1 nM) and measured the expression levels of mRNAs encoding MUC5AC and 5B via real-time polymerase chain reaction; protein expression levels were determined by Western blotting and immunocytofluorescence. The ability of IL-4 and LXA4 to suppress protein expression was determined by Western blotting. Results: IL-4 increased MUC5AC and 5B gene and protein expression. LXA4 suppressed IL-4-induced MUC5AC and 5B gene and protein expression by interacting with the IL4 receptor and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, including both phospho-p38 MAPK and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (phospho-ERK). IL-4 and LXA4 increased and decreased, respectively, the number of cells that stained with anti-MUC5AC and 5B antibodies. Conclusions: LXA4 may regulate mucus hypersecretion induced by IL4 in human airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hye Seo
- BKPlus21, Department of Microbiology, School of medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Lee
- BKPlus21, Department of Microbiology, School of medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Yoon Choi
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chung-Sik Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Kook Kim
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Aubeux D, Tessier S, Pérez F, Geoffroy V, Gaudin A. In vitro phenotypic effects of Lipoxin A4 on M1 and M2 polarized macrophages derived from THP-1. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:339-348. [PMID: 36331745 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is a specialized pro-resolving mediator involved in the resolution phase of inflammation that is crucial for the return of tissues to homeostasis, healing, and regenerative processes. LXA4 can modify the microenvironment via its receptor, formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) and thus modulate the inflammatory response. However, the effect of exogeneous LXA4 application on polarized macrophages remains unstudied. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of LXA4 on macrophage activity and on the phenotype modulation of polarized M1 and M2 macrophages derived from THP-1 monocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS Once differentiated, human macrophages were incubated with interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-13 to obtain M2-polarized macrophages or with interferon gamma and lipopolysaccharide for classical macrophage activation. The mRNA and protein expression of M1 and M2 markers confirmed the polarization of THP-1-derived macrophages. LXA4 (0-100 nM) did not affect the viability of M1 and M2 macrophages or the phagocytic activity of these cells. Gene expression of FPR2, referred as a receptor for the LXA4, was higher in M1 compared with M2, and was not modified by the LXA4 at the doses used. Moreover, LXA4 exhibited anti-inflammatory properties illustrated by the decreasing in the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-1β) in M1 and by the increase in the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) in M2 macrophages. CONCLUSIONS These results provide new insights regarding the potential of LXA4 to regulate the polarization state of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Aubeux
- Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Solène Tessier
- Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Fabienne Pérez
- Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Valérie Geoffroy
- Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Alexis Gaudin
- Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, 44000, Nantes, France.
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13
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Sachdeva S, Saluja H, Mani A, Phadnaik MB, Mani S. Lipoxins in inflammation. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2022; 82:201-216. [PMID: 35147530 DOI: 10.3233/ch-211346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lipoxins and ATL appear to be the first recognized members of a new class of endogenous mediator that are anti-inflammatory or serve for the "pro-resolution" of inflammation. PGE2 can and may display anti-inflammatory properties in certain settings, but in most cases, it enhances inflammation in vivo. This is likely the result of numerous receptor isoforms and differential coupled mechanisms for PGE2 and its diverse role in human physiology. Since the integrated response of the host is essential to health and disease, it is important to achieve a more complete understanding of the molecular and cellular events governing the formation and actions of endogenous mediators of resolution that appear to control the magnitude and duration of inflammation. In view of the present body of evidence, it is not surprising that a protective action for inhibition of COX-2 was found in cardiovascular disease. Characterizing useful experimental systems with clinically relevant endpoints will also take a multidisciplinary approach and require a shift in our current thinking about inflammation and the role of lipid mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Sachdeva
- Department of Periodontology, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Rdc, Loni, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harish Saluja
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Rdc, Loni, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ameet Mani
- Department of Periodontology, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Rdc, Loni, Maharashtra, India
| | - M B Phadnaik
- Department of Periodontology, #Government Dental College Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shubhangi Mani
- Department of Orthodontics, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Rdc, Loni, Maharashtra, India
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14
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Gonçalves RA, Sudo FK, Lourenco MV, Drummond C, Assunção N, Vanderborght B, Ferreira DDP, Ribeiro FC, Pamplona FA, Tovar‐Moll F, Mattos P, Ferreira ST, De Felice FG. Cerebrospinal fluid irisin and lipoxin A4 are reduced in elderly Brazilian individuals with depression: Insight into shared mechanisms between depression and dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella A. Gonçalves
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences & Department of Psychiatry Queen's University Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - Felipe K. Sudo
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Mychael V Lourenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Claudia Drummond
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Naima Assunção
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Bart Vanderborght
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Felipe C. Ribeiro
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Fabricio A. Pamplona
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology Oswald Cruz Institute Oswald Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Biosciences Program Federal University for Latin American Integration Foz do Iguaçu Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tovar‐Moll
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Program in Morphological Sciences Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Paulo Mattos
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Program in Morphological Sciences Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Institute of Psychiatry Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Sergio T. Ferreira
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Fernanda G. De Felice
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences & Department of Psychiatry Queen's University Kingston Ontario Canada
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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15
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Everts PA, Mazzola T, Mautner K, Randelli PS, Podesta L. Modifying Orthobiological PRP Therapies Are Imperative for the Advancement of Treatment Outcomes in Musculoskeletal Pathologies. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112933. [PMID: 36428501 PMCID: PMC9687216 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous biological cellular preparations have materialized as a growing area of medical advancement in interventional (orthopedic) practices and surgical interventions to provide an optimal tissue healing environment, particularly in tissues where standard healing is disrupted and repair and ultimately restoration of function is at risk. These cellular therapies are often referred to as orthobiologics and are derived from patient's own tissues to prepare point of care platelet-rich plasma (PRP), bone marrow concentrate (BMC), and adipose tissue concentrate (ATC). Orthobiological preparations are biological materials comprised of a wide variety of cell populations, cytokines, growth factors, molecules, and signaling cells. They can modulate and influence many other resident cells after they have been administered in specific diseased microenvironments. Jointly, the various orthobiological cell preparations are proficient to counteract persistent inflammation, respond to catabolic reactions, and reinstate tissue homeostasis. Ultimately, precisely delivered orthobiologics with a proper dose and bioformulation will contribute to tissue repair. Progress has been made in understanding orthobiological technologies where the safety and relatively easy manipulation of orthobiological treatment tools has been demonstrated in clinical applications. Although more positive than negative patient outcome results have been registered in the literature, definitive and accepted standards to prepare specific cellular orthobiologics are still lacking. To promote significant and consistent clinical outcomes, we will present a review of methods for implementing dosing strategies, using bioformulations tailored to the pathoanatomic process of the tissue, and adopting variable preparation and injection volume policies. By optimizing the dose and specificity of orthobiologics, local cellular synergistic behavior will increase, potentially leading to better pain killing effects, effective immunomodulation, control of inflammation, and (neo) angiogenesis, ultimately contributing to functionally restored body movement patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Everts
- Education & Research Division, Gulf Coast Biologics, Fort Myers, FL 33916, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-239-961-6457
| | - Timothy Mazzola
- Breakthrough Regenerative Orthopedics, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Kenneth Mautner
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Pietro S. Randelli
- Instituto Orthopedico Gaetano Pini, Milan University, 20122 Milan, Italy
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16
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Age-linked suppression of lipoxin A4 associates with cognitive deficits in mice and humans. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:439. [PMID: 36216800 PMCID: PMC9551034 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Age increases the risk for cognitive impairment and is the single major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia in the elderly. The pathophysiological processes triggered by aging that render the brain vulnerable to dementia involve, at least in part, changes in inflammatory mediators. Here we show that lipoxin A4 (LXA4), a lipid mediator of inflammation resolution known to stimulate endocannabinoid signaling in the brain, is reduced in the aging central nervous system. We demonstrate that genetic suppression of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), the enzyme mediating LXA4 synthesis, promotes learning impairment in mice. Conversely, administration of exogenous LXA4 attenuated cytokine production and memory loss induced by inflammation in mice. We further show that cerebrospinal fluid LXA4 is reduced in patients with dementia and positively associated with cognitive performance, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and AD-linked amyloid-β. Our findings suggest that reduced LXA4 levels may lead to vulnerability to age-related cognitive disorders and that promoting LXA4 signaling may comprise an effective strategy to prevent early cognitive decline in AD.
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17
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Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. Clinical significance of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Front Nutr 2022; 9:998291. [PMID: 36276836 PMCID: PMC9582942 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.998291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most important problems of modern medicine. They are associated with a large number of health care visits, hospitalizations and mortality. Prevention of atherosclerosis is one of the most effective strategies and should start as early as possible. Correction of lipid metabolism disorders is associated with definite clinical successes, both in primary prevention and in the prevention of complications of many cardiovascular diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests a multifaceted role for polyunsaturated fatty acids. They demonstrate a variety of functions in inflammation, both participating directly in a number of cellular processes and acting as a precursor for subsequent biosynthesis of lipid mediators. Extensive clinical data also support the importance of polyunsaturated fatty acids, but all questions have not been answered to date, indicating the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Kotlyarova
- Department of Pharmacy Management and Economics, Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia
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18
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Liu M, Zhang H, Xie Z, Huang Y, Sun G, Qi D, Furey A, Randell EW, Rahman P, Zhai G. Glutathione, polyamine, and lysophosphatidylcholine synthesis pathways are associated with circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. Metabolomics 2022; 18:76. [PMID: 36180605 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01932-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pro-inflammatory cytokines are responsible for initiating an effective defense against exogenous pathogens, and their regulation has a vital role in maintaining physiological homeostasis. The involvement of pro-inflammatory cytokines in pathological conditions have been explored in great detail, however, studies investigating metabolic pathways associated with these cytokines under normal homeostatic conditions are scarce. OBJECTIVES The aim of the current study was to identify metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines under homeostatic conditions using a metabolomics approach. METHODS The study participants (n = 133) were derived from the Newfoundland Osteoarthritis Study (NFOAS) and the Complex Diseases in the Newfoundland population: Environment and Genetics (CODING) study. Plasma concentrations of cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Targeted metabolomic profiling on fasting plasma samples was performed using Biocrates MxP® Quant 500 kit which measures a total of 630 metabolites. Associations between natural log-transformed metabolite concentrations and metabolite sums/ratios and cytokine levels were assessed using linear regression with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and osteoarthritis status. RESULTS Seven metabolites and 11 metabolite sums/ratios were found to be significantly associated with TNF-α, IL-1β, and MIF (all p ≤ 5.13 × 10- 5) after controlling multiple testing with Bonferroni method, indicating the association between glutathione (GSH), polyamine, and lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) synthesis pathways and these pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION GSH, polyamine, and lysoPC synthesis pathways were positively associated with circulating TNF-α, IL-1β, and MIF levels under homeostatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences (Genetics), Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Zikun Xie
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiheng Huang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Guang Sun
- Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Dake Qi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Andrew Furey
- Discipline of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Office of the Premier, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's, Canada
| | - Edward W Randell
- Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Proton Rahman
- Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Guangju Zhai
- Division of Biomedical Sciences (Genetics), Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada.
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19
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Yamaguchi A, Botta E, Holinstat M. Eicosanoids in inflammation in the blood and the vessel. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:997403. [PMID: 36238558 PMCID: PMC9551235 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.997403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are structural components of membrane phospholipids in cells. PUFAs regulate cellular function through the formation of derived lipid mediators termed eicosanoids. The oxygenation of 20-carbon PUFAs via the oxygenases cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, or cytochrome P450, generates a class of classical eicosanoids including prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes, and also the more recently identified hydroxy-, hydroperoxy-, epoxy- and oxo-eicosanoids, and the specialized pro-resolving (lipid) mediators. These eicosanoids play a critical role in the regulation of inflammation in the blood and the vessel. While arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids are extensively studied due to their pro-inflammatory effects and therefore involvement in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and the coronavirus disease 2019; in recent years, several eicosanoids have been reported to attenuate exacerbated inflammatory responses and participate in the resolution of inflammation. This review focused on elucidating the biosynthesis and the mechanistic signaling of eicosanoids in inflammation, as well as the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects of these eicosanoids in the blood and the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Eliana Botta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,*Correspondence: Michael Holinstat,
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20
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Król M, Kupnicka P, Bosiacki M, Chlubek D. Mechanisms Underlying Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Cancer Properties of Stretching-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710127. [PMID: 36077525 PMCID: PMC9456560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stretching is one of the popular elements in physiotherapy and rehabilitation. When correctly guided, it can help minimize or slow down the disabling effects of chronic health conditions. Most likely, the benefits are associated with reducing inflammation; recent studies demonstrate that this effect from stretching is not just systemic but also local. In this review, we present the current body of knowledge on the anti-inflammatory properties of stretching at a molecular level. A total of 22 papers, focusing on anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties of stretching, have been selected and reviewed. We show the regulation of oxidative stress, the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory genes and mediators, and remodeling of the extracellular matrix, expressed by changes in collagen and matrix metalloproteinases levels, in tissues subjected to stretching. We point out that a better understanding of the anti-inflammatory properties of stretching may result in increasing its importance in treatment and recovery from diseases such as osteoarthritis, systemic sclerosis, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Król
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kupnicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Mateusz Bosiacki
- Chair and Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 54, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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LipoxinA4 as a Potential Prognostic Marker of COVID-19. J Lipids 2022; 2022:8527305. [PMID: 35812307 PMCID: PMC9259546 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8527305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This pilot study aimed to determine early changes of LXA4 levels among the hospitalized patients confirmed as COVID-19 cases following the clinical management and its correlation with commonly used inflammatory markers, including erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), c-reactive protein (CRP), and ferritin. Thirty-one adult hospitalized patients infected with the non-severe COVID-19 were included. LXA4 levels were measured at the baseline and 48-72 hours after hospitalization. Accordingly, ESR and CRP levels were collected on the first day of hospitalization. Moreover, the maximum serum ferritin levels were determined during the five days. LXA4 levels significantly increased at 48-72 hours compared to the baseline. ESR, CRP, and ferritin levels were positively correlated with the increased LXA4. In contrast, aging was shown to negatively correlate with the increased LXA4 levels. LXA4 may be known as a valuable marker to assess the treatment response among non-elderly patients with non-severe COVID-19. Furthermore, LXA4 could be considered as a potential treatment option under inflammatory conditions. Further studies are necessary to clarify LXA4 role in COVID-19 pathogenesis, as well as the balance between such pro-resolving mediators and inflammatory parameters.
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22
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Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. Molecular Pharmacology of Inflammation Resolution in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094808. [PMID: 35563200 PMCID: PMC9104781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most important problems of modern medicine as it is the leading cause of hospitalizations, disability, and mortality. The key role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis is the imbalance between the activation of inflammation in the vascular wall and the mechanisms of its control. The resolution of inflammation is the most important physiological mechanism that is impaired in atherosclerosis. The resolution of inflammation has complex, not fully known mechanisms, in which lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play an important role. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) represent a group of substances that carry out inflammation resolution and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. SPMs include lipoxins, resolvins, maresins, and protectins, which are formed from PUFAs and regulate many processes related to the active resolution of inflammation. Given the physiological importance of these substances, studies examining the possibility of pharmacological effects on inflammation resolution are of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Kotlyarova
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia;
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23
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Trotta MC, Gesualdo C, Petrillo F, Lepre CC, Della Corte A, Cavasso G, Maggiore G, Hermenean A, Simonelli F, D’Amico M, Rossi S. Resolution of Inflammation in Retinal Disorders: Briefly the State. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4501. [PMID: 35562891 PMCID: PMC9100636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The most frequent retinal diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and posterior uveitis, are underlined by oxidative stress or aging-induced retinal inflammation, which contributes to vision impairing or loss. Resolution of inflammation is emerging as a critical phase able to counteract the inflammatory process leading to the progression of retinal damage. Particularly, pro-resolving mediators (PMs) play a key role in the modulation of inflammatory exudates and could be considered a new target to be investigated in different inflammatory-autoimmune pathologies. Here, we highlight the most recent studies concerning the role of the main PMs (lipoxins, resolvins, prtectins, maresins and annexins) in retinal inflammation, in order to collect the best evidence in the field of inflammatory retinal damage resolution and to propose novel pharmacological approaches in the management of the most common retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Consiglia Trotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.T.); (F.P.); (C.C.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Carlo Gesualdo
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Luigi De Crecchio 6, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (A.D.C.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesco Petrillo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.T.); (F.P.); (C.C.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Caterina Claudia Lepre
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.T.); (F.P.); (C.C.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Alberto Della Corte
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Luigi De Crecchio 6, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (A.D.C.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Giancuomo Cavasso
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Luigi De Crecchio 6, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (A.D.C.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Giulia Maggiore
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Foggia, Viale Luigi Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Anca Hermenean
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Revolutiei Av., 310414 Arad, Romania;
| | - Francesca Simonelli
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Luigi De Crecchio 6, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (A.D.C.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Michele D’Amico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.T.); (F.P.); (C.C.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Settimio Rossi
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Luigi De Crecchio 6, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (A.D.C.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
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24
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Extracellular Lipids in the Lung and Their Role in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071209. [PMID: 35406772 PMCID: PMC8997955 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids are major actors and regulators of physiological processes within the lung. Initial research has described their critical role in tissue homeostasis and in orchestrating cellular communication to allow respiration. Over the past decades, a growing body of research has also emphasized how lipids and their metabolism may be altered, contributing to the development and progression of chronic lung diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we first describe the current working model of the mechanisms of lung fibrogenesis before introducing lipids and their cellular metabolism. We then summarize the evidence of altered lipid homeostasis during pulmonary fibrosis, focusing on their extracellular forms. Finally, we highlight how lipid targeting may open avenues to develop therapeutic options for patients with lung fibrosis.
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Specialized Proresolving Lipid Mediators: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063133. [PMID: 35328553 PMCID: PMC8955102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global public health issue due to its high morbidity, mortality, and economic impact. The implementation of innovative therapeutic alternatives for CVD is urgently required. Specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) are bioactive compounds derived from ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids, integrated into four families: Lipoxins, Resolvins, Protectins, and Maresins. SPMs have generated interest in recent years due to their ability to promote the resolution of inflammation associated with the pathogeneses of numerous illnesses, particularly CVD. Several preclinical studies in animal models have evidenced their ability to decrease the progression of atherosclerosis, intimal hyperplasia, and reperfusion injury via diverse mechanisms. Large-scale clinical trials are required to determine the effects of SPMs in humans. This review integrates the currently available knowledge of the therapeutic impact of SPMs in CVD from preclinical and clinical studies, along with the implicated molecular pathways. In vitro results have been promising, and as such, SPMs could soon represent a new therapeutic alternative for CVD.
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She Y, Mangat R, Tsai S, Proctor SD, Richard C. The Interplay of Obesity, Dyslipidemia and Immune Dysfunction: A Brief Overview on Pathophysiology, Animal Models, and Nutritional Modulation. Front Nutr 2022; 9:840209. [PMID: 35252310 PMCID: PMC8891442 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.840209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has emerged as a leading global health concern. It is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation, which impairs insulin signaling, lipid metabolism and immune function. Recent findings from animal and clinical studies have begun to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of immune dysfunction seen in the context of obesity. Here, we provide a brief review on the current understanding of the interplay between obesity, dyslipidemia and immunity. We also emphasize the advantages and shortcomings of numerous applicable research models including rodents and large animal swine that aim at unraveling the molecular basis of disease and clinical manifestations. Although there is no perfect model to answer all questions at once, they are often used to complement each other. Finally, we highlight some emerging nutritional strategies to improve immune function in the context of obesity with a particular focus on choline and foods that contains high amounts of choline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo She
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rabban Mangat
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sue Tsai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Spencer D. Proctor
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Caroline Richard
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Blogowski W, Dolegowska K, Deskur A, Dolegowska B, Starzynska T. Lipoxins and Resolvins in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer: A Preliminary Report. Front Oncol 2022; 11:757073. [PMID: 35087747 PMCID: PMC8787076 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.757073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosanoids are bioactive lipids derived from arachidonic acid, which have emerged as key regulators of a wide variety of pathophysiological processes in recent times and are implicated as mediators of gastrointestinal cancer. In this study, we investigated the systemic levels of lipoxygenase (LOX)-derived lipoxin A4 and B4, together with resolvin D1 and D2 in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (n = 68), as well as in healthy individuals (n = 32). Systemic concentrations of the aforementioned immunoresolvents were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In this study, we observed that compared with concentrations in healthy individuals, the peripheral concentrations of the aforementioned eicosanoids were significantly elevated (2- to 10-fold) in patients with pancreatic cancer (in all cases p<0.00001). No significant association was observed between eicosanoid levels and the TNM clinical staging. Furthermore, we observed no significant differences in concentrations of the analyzed bioactive lipids between patients diagnosed with early-stage (TNM stage I-II) and more advanced disease (TNM stage III-IV). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of each aforementioned immunoresolvent showed area under the curve values ranging between 0.79 and 1.00. Sensitivity, specificity, as well as positive and negative predictive values of the eicosanoids involved in the detection/differentiation of pancreatic adenocarcinoma ranged between 56.8% and 100%. In summary, our research is the first study that provides clinical evidence to support a systemic imbalance in LOX-derived lipoxins and resolvins as the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This phenomenon occurs regardless of the clinical TNM stage of the disease. Furthermore, our study is the first to preliminarily highlight the role of peripheral levels of immunoresolvents, particularly resolvin D1, as potential novel biomarkers of pancreatic cancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Blogowski
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dolegowska
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Deskur
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Dolegowska
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Teresa Starzynska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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28
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Pascoal LB, Palma BB, Chaim FHM, de Castro MM, Damázio TA, Franceschini APMDF, Milanski M, Velloso LA, Leal RF. New translational and experimental insights into the role of pro-resolving lipid mediators in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Exp Med 2022; 12:1-15. [PMID: 35096550 PMCID: PMC8771592 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v12.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The resolution of inflammation is an active process, guided by specialized pro-resolution lipid mediators (SPMs). These mediators originate from polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as omega-3. Sufficient evidence suggests that the beneficial effects attributed to omega-3 are, at least in part, the result of the immunomodulatory action of the SPMs, which act systemically by overcoming inflammation and repairing tissue damage, without suppressing the immune response. Recent studies suggest that an imbalance in the synthesis and/or activity of these compounds may be associated with the pathogenesis of several inflammatory conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Thus, this review highlights the advances made in recent years with regard to the endo-genous synthesis and the biological role of lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins, as well as their precursors, in the regulation of inflammation; and provides an update on the participation of these mediators in the development and evolution of IBD and the therapeutic approaches that these immunomodulating substances are involved in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Bitencourt Pascoal
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Biazon Palma
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Henrique Mendonça Chaim
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Moreira de Castro
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Andrade Damázio
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Menezes de Freitas Franceschini
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marciane Milanski
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lício Augusto Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-864, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Franco Leal
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
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29
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Al-Shaer AE, Pal A, Shaikh SR. Resolvin E1-ChemR23 Axis Regulates the Hepatic Metabolic and Inflammatory Transcriptional Landscape in Obesity at the Whole Genome and Exon Level. Front Nutr 2022; 8:799492. [PMID: 35004828 PMCID: PMC8740313 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.799492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolvin E1 (RvE1) is an immunoresolvent that is synthesized from eicosapentaenoic acid and can bind the receptor ERV1/ChemR23. We previously showed activation of the RvE1-ChemR23 axis improves hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia of obese mice; however, it remains unclear how RvE1 controls glucose homeostasis. Here we investigated hepatic metabolic and inflammatory transcriptional targets of the RvE1-ChemR23 axis using lean and obese wild type (WT) and ChemR23 knockout (KO) mice. We conducted an in-depth transcriptional study by preforming whole gene-level and exon-level analyses, which provide insight into alternative splicing variants and miRNA regulation. Compared to controls, WT and KO obese mice in the absence of RvE1 displayed similar gene-level profiles, which entailed dysregulated pathways related to glucose homeostasis. Notably, obese WT mice relative to lean controls showed a robust decrease in pathways related to the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. At the exon-level, obese ChemR23 KOs compared to obese WT mice displayed changes in pathways related to hepatic lipid transport, cholesterol metabolism, and immunological functions such as complement cascades and platelet activation. Importantly, upon RvE1 administration to WT obese mice, we discovered upregulated genes in pathways relating to insulin sensitivity and downregulated genes related to regulators of TGF-β signaling. This transcriptional profile was generally not recapitulated with obese ChemR23 KO mice administered RvE1. Collectively, gene and exon-level analyses suggest RvE1 controls the hepatic transcriptional profile related to glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation in a manner that is largely dependent on ChemR23. These studies will drive future mechanistic experiments on the RvE1-ChemR23 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar E Al-Shaer
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Anandita Pal
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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30
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Double peroxidase and histone acetyltransferase AgTip60 maintain innate immune memory in primed mosquitoes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2114242118. [PMID: 34711682 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114242118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune priming in Anopheles gambiae is mediated by the systemic release of a hemocyte differentiation factor (HDF), a complex of lipoxin A4 bound to Evokin, a lipid carrier. HDF increases the proportion of circulating granulocytes and enhances mosquito cellular immunity. Here, we show that Evokin is present in hemocytes and fat-body cells, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression increases significantly after immune priming. The double peroxidase (DBLOX) enzyme, present in insects but not in vertebrates, is essential for HDF synthesis. DBLOX is highly expressed in oenocytes in the fat-body tissue, and these cells increase in number in primed mosquitoes. We provide direct evidence that the histone acetyltransferase AgTip60 (AGAP001539) is also essential for a sustained increase in oenocyte numbers, HDF synthesis, and immune priming. We propose that oenocytes may function as a population of cells that are reprogrammed, and orchestrate and maintain a broad, systemic, and long-lasting state of enhanced immune surveillance in primed mosquitoes.
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Miranda D, Zanatta A, Miles E, Calder P, Nishiyama A. Leukotriene B 4 limits the effectiveness of fish oil in an animal model of asthma. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08326. [PMID: 34816034 PMCID: PMC8591350 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the levels of eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid (ARA) in the lungs of asthmatic rats supplemented with fish oil. The present data gives insight into the action of fish oil in asthma, related to its inability to modify the contractile capacity of tracheal smooth muscle reported previously in a model of asthma in rats. Male Wistar rats were supplemented daily with 1 g of fish oil/kg of body weight for 21 days. They were exposed to ovalbumin (OVA) after previous sensitization with OVA to induce asthma. Pulmonary levels of five eicosanoids were measured using immunoassay kits: PGE2, TXB2, LTB4, LXA4, and 8-iso PGF2α. In asthmatic rats, supplementation with fish oil resulted in lower concentrations of lung eicosanoids produced by cyclooxygenase-2 and 15-lipoxygenase: PGE2, TXB2, and LXA4, respectively. Fish oil supplementation also decreased the non-enzymatically produced eicosanoid 8-iso PGF2α. Fish oil supplementation did not affect LTB4, a metabolite of 5-lipoxygenase. The limited efficacy of fish oil supplementation in asthmatic rats is associated with a lack of action in reducing the levels of LTB4 in the lungs. Thus, fish oil differentially modulates the concentrations of eicosanoids derived from ARA via specific pathways in an animal model of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.T.S.Z. Miranda
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, CEP 81531-990, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - A.L. Zanatta
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, CEP 81531-990, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - E.A. Miles
- School of Human Development & Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - P.C. Calder
- School of Human Development & Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - A. Nishiyama
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, CEP 81531-990, Curitiba, Brazil
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Figurová D, Tokárová K, Greifová H, Knížatová N, Kolesárová A, Lukáč N. Inflammation, It's Regulation and Antiphlogistic Effect of the Cyanogenic Glycoside Amygdalin. Molecules 2021; 26:5972. [PMID: 34641516 PMCID: PMC8512454 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory reaction accompanies in part or in full any disease process in the vascularized metazoan. This complicated reaction is controlled by regulatory mechanisms, some of which produce unpleasant symptomatic manifestations of inflammation. Therefore, there has been an effort to develop selective drugs aimed at removing pain, fever, or swelling. Gradually, however, serious adverse side effects of such inhibitors became apparent. Scientific research has therefore continued to explore new possibilities, including naturally available substances. Amygdalin is a cyanogenic glycoside present, e.g., in bitter almonds. This glycoside has already sparked many discussions among scientists, especially about its anticancer potential and related toxic cyanides. However, toxicity at different doses made it generally unacceptable. Although amygdalin given at the correct oral dose may not lead to poisoning, it has not yet been accurately quantified, as its action is often affected by different intestinal microbial consortia. Its pharmacological activities have been studied, but its effects on the body's inflammatory response are lacking. This review discusses the chemical structure, toxicity, and current knowledge of the molecular mechanism of amygdalin activity on immune functions, including the anti-inflammatory effect, but also discusses inflammation as such, its mediators with diverse functions, which are usually targeted by drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarína Tokárová
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (D.F.); (H.G.); (N.K.); (A.K.); (N.L.)
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Brox R, Hackstein H. Physiologically relevant aspirin concentrations trigger immunostimulatory cytokine production by human leukocytes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254606. [PMID: 34428217 PMCID: PMC8384208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylsalicylic acid is a globally used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with diverse pharmacological properties, although its mechanism of immune regulation during inflammation (especially at in vivo relevant doses) remains largely speculative. Given the increase in clinical perspective of Acetylsalicylic acid in various diseases and cancer prevention, this study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory role of physiological Acetylsalicylic acid concentrations (0.005, 0.02 and 0.2 mg/ml) in a human whole blood of infection-induced inflammation. We describe a simple, highly reliable whole blood assay using an array of toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands 1–9 in order to systematically explore the immunomodulatory activity of Acetylsalicylic acid plasma concentrations in physiologically relevant conditions. Release of inflammatory cytokines and production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were determined directly in plasma supernatant. Experiments demonstrate for the first time that plasma concentrations of Acetylsalicylic acid significantly increased TLR ligand-triggered IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-6 production in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, indomethacin did not exhibit this capacity, whereas cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 selective NSAID, celecoxib, induced a similar pattern like Acetylsalicylic acid, suggesting a possible relevance of COX-2. Accordingly, we found that exogenous addition of COX downstream product, PGE2, attenuates the TLR ligand-mediated cytokine secretion by augmenting production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Low PGE2 levels were at least involved in the enhanced IL-1β production by Acetylsalicylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regine Brox
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Holger Hackstein
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
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Yang A, Wu Y, Yu G, Wang H. Role of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators in pulmonary inflammation diseases: mechanisms and development. Respir Res 2021; 22:204. [PMID: 34261470 PMCID: PMC8279385 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01792-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an essential mechanism of various diseases. The development and resolution of inflammation are complex immune-modulation processes which induce the involvement of various types of immune cells. Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) have been demonstrated to be signaling molecules in inflammation. SPMs are involved in the pathophysiology of different diseases, especially respiratory diseases, including asthma, pneumonia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. All of these diseases are related to the inflammatory response and its persistence. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms and development of inflammation in respiratory disease, and the roles of the SPM family in the resolution process, might be useful in the quest for novel therapies and preventive measures for pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong An Road, Xicheng, , Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yanjun Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong An Road, Xicheng, , Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ganggang Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong An Road, Xicheng, , Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Haoyan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong An Road, Xicheng, , Beijing, 100050, China.
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35
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Novelty of Sphingolipids in the Central Nervous System Physiology and Disease: Focusing on the Sphingolipid Hypothesis of Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147353. [PMID: 34298977 PMCID: PMC8303517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, lipids were confined to the field of structural biology and energetics as they were considered only structural constituents of cellular membranes and efficient sources of energy production. However, with advances in our understanding in lipidomics and improvements in the technological approaches, astounding discoveries have been made in exploring the role of lipids as signaling molecules, termed bioactive lipids. Among these bioactive lipids, sphingolipids have emerged as distinctive mediators of various cellular processes, ranging from cell growth and proliferation to cellular apoptosis, executing immune responses to regulating inflammation. Recent studies have made it clear that sphingolipids, their metabolic intermediates (ceramide, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and N-acetyl sphingosine), and enzyme systems (cyclooxygenases, sphingosine kinases, and sphingomyelinase) harbor diverse yet interconnected signaling pathways in the central nervous system (CNS), orchestrate CNS physiological processes, and participate in a plethora of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. Considering the unequivocal importance of sphingolipids in CNS, we review the recent discoveries detailing the major enzymes involved in sphingolipid metabolism (particularly sphingosine kinase 1), novel metabolic intermediates (N-acetyl sphingosine), and their complex interactions in CNS physiology, disruption of their functionality in neurodegenerative disorders, and therapeutic strategies targeting sphingolipids for improved drug approaches.
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Elzahhar PA, Alaaeddine RA, Nassra R, Ismail A, Labib HF, Temraz MG, Belal ASF, El-Yazbi AF. Challenging inflammatory process at molecular, cellular and in vivo levels via some new pyrazolyl thiazolones. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:669-684. [PMID: 33618602 PMCID: PMC7901699 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1887169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The work reported herein describes the synthesis of a new series of anti-inflammatory pyrazolyl thiazolones. In addition to COX-2/15-LOX inhibition, these hybrids exerted their anti-inflammatory actions through novel mechanisms. The most active compounds possessed COX-2 inhibitory activities comparable to celecoxib (IC50 values of 0.09-0.14 µM) with significant 15-LOX inhibitory activities (IC50s 1.96 to 3.52 µM). Upon investigation of their in vivo anti-inflammatory activities and ulcerogenic profiles, these compounds showed activity patterns equivalent or more superior to diclofenac and/or celecoxib. Intriguingly, the most active compounds were more effective than diclofenac in suppressing monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and inflammatory cytokine production by activated macrophages, as well as their ability to induce macrophage apoptosis. The latter finding potentially adds a new dimension to the previously reported anti-inflammatory mechanisms of similar compounds. These compounds were effectively docked into COX-2 and 15-LOX active sites. Also, in silico predictions confirmed the appropriateness of these compounds as drug-like candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perihan A Elzahhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rana A Alaaeddine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Centre, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rasha Nassra
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Azza Ismail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hala F Labib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy of Science Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed S F Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Centre, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, E gypt
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Aubeux D, Peters OA, Hosseinpour S, Tessier S, Geoffroy V, Pérez F, Gaudin A. Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators in endodontics: a narrative review. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:276. [PMID: 34030680 PMCID: PMC8142493 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endodontics is the branch of dentistry concerned with the morphology, physiology, and pathology of the human dental pulp and periradicular tissues. Human dental pulp is a highly dynamic tissue equipped with a network of resident immunocompetent cells that play major roles in the defense against pathogens and during tissue injury. However, the efficiency of these mechanisms during dental pulp inflammation (pulpitis) varies due to anatomical and physiological restrictions. Uncontrolled, excessive, or unresolved inflammation can lead to pulp tissue necrosis and subsequent bone infections called apical periodontitis. In most cases, pulpitis treatment consists of total pulp removal. Although this strategy has a good success rate, this treatment has some drawbacks (lack of defense mechanisms, loss of healing capacities, incomplete formation of the root in young patients). In a sizeable number of clinical situations, the decision to perform pulp extirpation and endodontic treatment is justifiable by the lack of therapeutic tools that could otherwise limit the immune/inflammatory process. In the past few decades, many studies have demonstrated that the resolution of acute inflammation is necessary to avoid the development of chronic inflammation and to promote repair or regeneration. This active process is orchestrated by Specialized Pro-resolving lipid Mediators (SPMs), including lipoxins, resolvins, protectins and maresins. Interestingly, SPMs do not have direct anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting or directly blocking this process but can actively reduce neutrophil infiltration into inflamed tissues, enhance efferocytosis and bacterial phagocytosis by monocytes and macrophages and simultaneously inhibit inflammatory cytokine production. Experimental clinical application of SPMs has shown promising result in a wide range of inflammatory diseases, such as renal fibrosis, cerebral ischemia, marginal periodontitis, and cancer; the potential of SPMs in endodontic therapy has recently been explored. In this review, our objective was to analyze the involvement and potential use of SPMs in endodontic therapies with an emphasis on SPM delivery systems to effectively administer SPMs into the dental pulp space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Aubeux
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, 44042, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, 44042, Nantes, France
| | - Ove A Peters
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Solène Tessier
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, 44042, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, 44042, Nantes, France
| | - Valérie Geoffroy
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, 44042, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, 44042, Nantes, France
| | - Fabienne Pérez
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, 44042, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, 44042, Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, PHU4 OTONN44093, Nantes, France
| | - Alexis Gaudin
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, 44042, Nantes, France. .,Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, 44042, Nantes, France. .,CHU Nantes, PHU4 OTONN44093, Nantes, France.
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38
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Fioranelli M, Roccia MG, Flavin D, Cota L. Regulation of Inflammatory Reaction in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5277. [PMID: 34067872 PMCID: PMC8157220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key mechanism for the clearance of infective agents and other inflammatory triggers and is pivotal for the repairing processes of the affected tissues. Inflammation is a multistep process driven by a great number of mediators which regulate specific aspects of the inflammatory response, in agreement with a well-defined chronobiological program. A great number of inflammation-related diseases show a deeply altered immune chronobiology (e.g., COVID-19-related cytokines storm). This aspect highlights the need for a deeper understanding of the inflammatory phenomenon. It is fundamental to study inflammation as a multilevel phenomenon. Of particular interest is the low-grade chronic inflammation, which is an etiological factor of many chronic diseases. Nowadays, the therapeutic approach to low grade chronic inflammation is one of the great challenges of traditional pharmacology. Currently, no drugs specifically designed for the treatment of chronic inflammatory forms are available. Today, bioregulatory systems medicine (BrSM) and low dose medicine (LDM), two pharmacological paradigms grounded in systems medicine, potentially represent new tools for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. Scientific research has assessed the effectiveness and safety of both these therapeutic approaches, in particular for the management of chronic inflammatory conditions and chronic immunological dysregulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Fioranelli
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, 00193 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Grazia Roccia
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, 00193 Rome, Italy;
| | - Dana Flavin
- Instituto Terapie Sistemiche Integrate, 00181 Rome, Italy; (D.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Linda Cota
- Instituto Terapie Sistemiche Integrate, 00181 Rome, Italy; (D.F.); (L.C.)
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39
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Dwyer GK, Turnquist HR. Untangling Local Pro-Inflammatory, Reparative, and Regulatory Damage-Associated Molecular-Patterns (DAMPs) Pathways to Improve Transplant Outcomes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:611910. [PMID: 33708206 PMCID: PMC7940545 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.611910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Detrimental inflammatory responses after solid organ transplantation are initiated when immune cells sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and certain damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released or exposed during transplant-associated processes, such as ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), surgical trauma, and recipient conditioning. These inflammatory responses initiate and propagate anti-alloantigen (AlloAg) responses and targeting DAMPs and PAMPs, or the signaling cascades they activate, reduce alloimmunity, and contribute to improved outcomes after allogeneic solid organ transplantation in experimental studies. However, DAMPs have also been implicated in initiating essential anti-inflammatory and reparative functions of specific immune cells, particularly Treg and macrophages. Interestingly, DAMP signaling is also involved in local and systemic homeostasis. Herein, we describe the emerging literature defining how poor outcomes after transplantation may result, not from just an over-abundance of DAMP-driven inflammation, but instead an inadequate presence of a subset of DAMPs or related molecules needed to repair tissue successfully or re-establish tissue homeostasis. Adverse outcomes may also arise when these homeostatic or reparative signals become dysregulated or hijacked by alloreactive immune cells in transplant niches. A complete understanding of the critical pathways controlling tissue repair and homeostasis, and how alloimmune responses or transplant-related processes disrupt these will lead to new immunotherapeutics that can prevent or reverse the tissue pathology leading to lost grafts due to chronic rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaelen K Dwyer
- Departments of Surgery and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hēth R Turnquist
- Departments of Surgery and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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40
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Oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids to produce lipid mediators. Essays Biochem 2021; 64:401-421. [PMID: 32618335 PMCID: PMC7517362 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology and molecular biology of oxylipins (defined as a family of oxygenated natural products that are formed from unsaturated fatty acids by pathways involving at least one step of dioxygen-dependent oxidation) are complex and occasionally contradictory subjects that continue to develop at an extraordinarily rapid rate. The term includes docosanoids (e.g. protectins, resolvins and maresins, or specialized pro-resolving mediators), eicosanoids and octadecanoids and plant oxylipins, which are derived from either the omega-6 (n-6) or the omega-3 (n-3) families of polyunsaturated fatty acids. For example, the term eicosanoid is used to embrace those biologically active lipid mediators that are derived from C20 fatty acids, and include prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids and related oxygenated derivatives. The key enzymes for the production of prostanoids are prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthases (cyclo-oxygenases), while lipoxygenases and oxidases of the cytochrome P450 family produce numerous other metabolites. In plants, the lipoxygenase pathway from C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids yields a variety of important products, especially the jasmonates, which have some comparable structural features and functions. Related oxylipins are produced by non-enzymic means (isoprostanes), while fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFA) are now being considered together with the oxylipins from a functional perspective. In all kingdoms of life, oxylipins usually act as lipid mediators through specific receptors, have short half-lives and have functions in innumerable biological contexts.
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Morris G, Bortolasci CC, Puri BK, Olive L, Marx W, O'Neil A, Athan E, Carvalho A, Maes M, Walder K, Berk M. Preventing the development of severe COVID-19 by modifying immunothrombosis. Life Sci 2021; 264:118617. [PMID: 33096114 PMCID: PMC7574725 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with significant morbidity and high levels of mortality. This paper describes the processes involved in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 from the initial infection and subsequent destruction of type II alveolar epithelial cells by SARS-CoV-2 and culminating in the development of ARDS. MAIN BODY The activation of alveolar cells and alveolar macrophages leads to the release of large quantities of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and their translocation into the pulmonary vasculature. The presence of these inflammatory mediators in the vascular compartment leads to the activation of vascular endothelial cells platelets and neutrophils and the subsequent formation of platelet neutrophil complexes. These complexes in concert with activated endothelial cells interact to create a state of immunothrombosis. The consequence of immunothrombosis include hypercoagulation, accelerating inflammation, fibrin deposition, migration of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) producing neutrophils into the alveolar apace, activation of the NLRP3 inflammazome, increased alveolar macrophage destruction and massive tissue damage by pyroptosis and necroptosis Therapeutic combinations aimed at ameliorating immunothrombosis and preventing the development of severe COVID-19 are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Chiara C Bortolasci
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Lisa Olive
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eugene Athan
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Andre Carvalho
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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Jaén RI, Sánchez-García S, Fernández-Velasco M, Boscá L, Prieto P. Resolution-Based Therapies: The Potential of Lipoxins to Treat Human Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:658840. [PMID: 33968061 PMCID: PMC8102821 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.658840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an a physiological response instead an essential response of the organism to injury and its adequate resolution is essential to restore homeostasis. However, defective resolution can be the precursor of severe forms of chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Nowadays, it is known that an excessive inflammatory response underlies the most prevalent human pathologies worldwide. Therefore, great biomedical research efforts have been driven toward discovering new strategies to promote the resolution of inflammation with fewer side-effects and more specificity than the available anti-inflammatory treatments. In this line, the use of endogenous specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) has gained a prominent interest. Among the different SPMs described, lipoxins stand out as one of the most studied and their deficiency has been widely associated with a wide range of pathologies. In this review, we examined the current knowledge on the therapeutic potential of lipoxins to treat diseases characterized by a severe inflammatory background affecting main physiological systems, paying special attention to the signaling pathways involved. Altogether, we provide an updated overview of the evidence suggesting that increasing endogenously generated lipoxins may emerge as a new therapeutic approach to prevent and treat many of the most prevalent diseases underpinned by an increased inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael I. Jaén
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Fernández-Velasco
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de investigación del Hospital la Paz, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Lisardo Boscá, ; Patricia Prieto,
| | - Patricia Prieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Lisardo Boscá, ; Patricia Prieto,
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Regulska M, Szuster-Głuszczak M, Trojan E, Leśkiewicz M, Basta-Kaim A. The Emerging Role of the Double-Edged Impact of Arachidonic Acid- Derived Eicosanoids in the Neuroinflammatory Background of Depression. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 19:278-293. [PMID: 32851950 PMCID: PMC8033972 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200807144530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosanoids are arachidonic acid (AA) derivatives belonging to a family of lipid signalling mediators that are engaged in both physiological and pathological processes in the brain. Recently, their implication in the prolonged inflammatory response has become a focus of particular interest because, in contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammatory processes within the central nervous system (CNS) are crucial for the development of brain pathologies including depression. The synthesis of eicosanoids is catalysed primarily by cyclooxygenases (COX), which are involved in the production of pro-inflammatory AA metabolites, including prostaglandins and thromboxanes. Moreover, eicosanoid synthesis is catalysed by lipoxygenases (LOXs), which generate both leukotrienes and anti-inflammatory derivatives such as lipoxins. Thus, AA metabolites have double- edged pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving properties, and an imbalance between these metabolites has been proposed as a contributor or even the basis for chronic neuroinflammatory effects. This review focuses on important evidence regarding eicosanoid-related pathways (with special emphasis on prostaglandins and lipoxins) that has added a new layer of complexity to the idea of targeting the double-edged AA-derivative pathways for therapeutic benefits in depression. We also sought to explore future research directions that can support a pro-resolving response to control the balance between eicosanoids and thus to reduce the chronic neuroinflammation that underlies at least a portion of depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Regulska
- Immunoendocrinology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szuster-Głuszczak
- Immunoendocrinology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Trojan
- Immunoendocrinology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Leśkiewicz
- Immunoendocrinology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Immunoendocrinology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
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44
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Kang GJ, Kim EJ, Lee CH. Therapeutic Effects of Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipids Mediators on Cardiac Fibrosis via NRF2 Activation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121259. [PMID: 33321955 PMCID: PMC7764646 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is the number one mortality disease in the world. In particular, cardiac fibrosis is considered as a major factor causing myocardial infarction and heart failure. In particular, oxidative stress is a major cause of heart fibrosis. In order to control such oxidative stress, the importance of nuclear factor erythropoietin 2 related factor 2 (NRF2) has recently been highlighted. In this review, we will discuss the activation of NRF2 by docosahexanoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and the specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) derived from polyunsaturated lipids, including DHA and EPA. Additionally, we will discuss their effects on cardiac fibrosis via NRF2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeoung Jin Kang
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (G.J.K.); (E.J.K.)
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (G.J.K.); (E.J.K.)
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-961-5213
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45
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Lyashenko EA, Ivanova LG, Chimagomedova AS. [Postoperative cognitive disorder]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 120:39-45. [PMID: 33205929 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202012010239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment or delirium occurs in about 40% of elderly patients after surgery. The increasing number of elderly people has led to a significant increase in the number of cases of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). This is one of the most important medical and social problems, the analysis of which is especially difficult, since it requires the coordination of a large number of specialties: anesthesiology, surgery, neurology, psychiatry, neuropsychology, as well as fundamental neurosciences. Thus, a systematic multidisciplinary approach that takes into account all possible factors affecting the condition of patients should be considered. The article is devoted to the main aspects of the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Lyashenko
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - L G Ivanova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Sh Chimagomedova
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
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46
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Yi JJ, Heo SY, Ju JH, Oh BR, Son WS, Seo JW. Synthesis of two new lipid mediators from docosahexaenoic acid by combinatorial catalysis involving enzymatic and chemical reaction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18849. [PMID: 33139849 PMCID: PMC7606508 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been known to have beneficial effects in the prevention of various diseases. Recently, it was identified that the bioactivities of omega-3 are related to lipid mediators, called pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), converted from PUFAs, so they have attracted much attention as potential pharmaceutical targets. Here, we aimed to build an efficient production system composed of enzymatic and chemical catalysis that converts docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into lipid mediators. The cyanobacterial lipoxygenase, named Osc-LOX, was identified and characterized, and the binding poses of enzyme and substrates were predicted by ligand docking simulation. DHA was converted into three lipid mediators, a 17S-hydroxy-DHA, a 7S,17S-dihydroxy-DHA (RvD5), and a 7S,15R-dihydroxy-16S,17S-epoxy-DPA (new type), by an enzymatic reaction and deoxygenation. Also, two lipid mediators, 7S,15R,16S,17S-tetrahydroxy-DPA (new type) and 7S,16R,17S-trihydroxy-DHA (RvD2), were generated from 7S,15R-dihydroxy-16S,17S-epoxy-DPA by a chemical reaction. Our study suggests that discovering new enzymes that have not been functionally characterized would be a powerful strategy for producing various lipid mediators. Also, this combination catalysis approach including biological and chemical reactions could be an effective production system for the manufacturing lipid mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Jae Yi
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup-Si, 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Yeon Heo
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup-Si, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Ju
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup-Si, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-Rock Oh
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup-Si, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sung Son
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 11160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Woo Seo
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup-Si, 56212, Republic of Korea.
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Arnhold J. The Dual Role of Myeloperoxidase in Immune Response. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8057. [PMID: 33137905 PMCID: PMC7663354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The heme protein myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a major constituent of neutrophils. As a key mediator of the innate immune system, neutrophils are rapidly recruited to inflammatory sites, where they recognize, phagocytose, and inactivate foreign microorganisms. In the newly formed phagosomes, MPO is involved in the creation and maintenance of an alkaline milieu, which is optimal in combatting microbes. Myeloperoxidase is also a key component in neutrophil extracellular traps. These helpful properties are contrasted by the release of MPO and other neutrophil constituents from necrotic cells or as a result of frustrated phagocytosis. Although MPO is inactivated by the plasma protein ceruloplasmin, it can interact with negatively charged components of serum and the extracellular matrix. In cardiovascular diseases and many other disease scenarios, active MPO and MPO-modified targets are present in atherosclerotic lesions and other disease-specific locations. This implies an involvement of neutrophils, MPO, and other neutrophil products in pathogenesis mechanisms. This review critically reflects on the beneficial and harmful functions of MPO against the background of immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Arnhold
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04 107 Leipzig, Germany
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Jin J, Xie Y, Shi C, Ma J, Wang Y, Qiao L, Li K, Sun T. Lipoxin A4 Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Rats With Non-compressive Disc Herniation Through the JNK1/Beclin-1/PI3KC3 Pathway. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:799. [PMID: 33071721 PMCID: PMC7539067 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-compressive disc herniation is induced by an inflammatory response from the nucleus pulposus tissue and nerve roots. Lipoxins (LXs) are important endogenous anti-inflammatory mediators in the body, helping to inhibit neutrophil recruitment and stimulate autophagy in monocytes and macrophages. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of exogenous lipoxin administration on rats with non-compressive disc herniation. Method A non-compressive disc herniation model was established in rats. Fifty rats were randomly divided into: sham group, model group, PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) group, lipoxin A4 group (LXA4), and PI3K inhibitor and lipoxin A4 group (LY294002 + LXA4). Similar groupings were established for rat spinal neurons. Changes in the mechanical pain threshold and thermal pain threshold were monitored at different times. The expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators was assessed by ELISA, while immunohistochemistry was employed to measure the expression levels of NLRP3 and p-JNK1. The expression levels of autophagy-related proteins were measured by western blot. Results In vivo, the pain threshold was markedly decreased in the model group at each time point examined compared with that in sham group. LY294002 treatment further reduced the pain threshold. After LXA4 injection, the pain threshold was significantly increased, and the effect of LY294002 was significantly weakened (p < 0.05). The levels of proinflammatory cytokines were increased in rats with non-compressive disc herniation, and these levels were further increased by LY294002 treatment (p < 0.05). However, treatment with LXA4 significantly reduced the levels of these proinflammatory cytokines in the model group (p < 0.05). The opposite effect was observed for anti-inflammatory mediators. The expression of NLRP3 was largely increased in the model group compared with that in the sham group (p < 0.05). Treatment with LY294002 also increased the NLRP3 expression level, while the administration of LXA4 elicited the opposite effect. Furthermore, western blot analysis showed that the expression of autophagy-related proteins was greatly decreased in the model group, whereas it was significantly increased in the LXA4 group (p < 0.05). The in vitro results were consistent with the outcomes observed in vivo. Conclusions These data suggested that LXA4 inhibited NLRP3 activation in rats with non-compressive disc herniation by regulating the JNK1/beclin-1/PI3KC3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jin
- Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Yonggang Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Cunxian Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Jiahai Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Yihao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Leyan Qiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Kezhong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Zhou Y, You H, Zhang A, Jiang X, Pu Z, Xu G, Zhao M. Lipoxin A4 attenuates uric acid-activated, NADPH oxidase-dependent oxidative stress by interfering with translocation of p47phox in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:1682-1692. [PMID: 32765680 PMCID: PMC7388524 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
LipoxinA4 (LXA4) is a well-known key mediator of endogenous anti-inflammation and of the resolution of inflammation. Considerable oxidative stress occurs during inflammation due to the generation of reactive oxidative species (ROS). Moreover, high levels of uric acid (UA) contribute to endothelial cell dysfunction, which can promote disease-related morbidity, and NADPH oxidase-derived ROS are crucial regulatory factors in these responses. However, LXA4 also has the potential to reduce oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to examine whether LXA4 could suppress UA-induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and to investigate its mechanisms of action in vitro. HUVECs were incubated with or without LXA4, followed by the addition of UA. ROS levels were then measured using 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence was used to evaluate NADPH oxidase activity. p47phox or p22phox small interfering (si)RNA were transfected into HUVECs and protein levels of p47phox were detected using western blot analysis. LXA4 significantly inhibited UA-induced generation of ROS to the same extent as the NADPH oxidase inhibitor, diphenyleneiodonium chloride. Notably, transfection of p47phox siRNA attenuated the generation of ROS and the activation of NADPH oxidase. Cells transfected with p22phox siRNA demonstrated a significant reduction in the expression of p47phox on the membrane. Further experiments demonstrated that LXA4 interfered with the transfer of p47phox from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane. These findings suggested that LXA4 inhibited the release of NADPH oxidase derived ROS in HUVECs stimulated by UA. A potential mechanism of action underlying this effect could be LXA4-mediated suppression of NADPH oxidase activity, leading to inhibition of p47phox translocation from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhou
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Suining, Suining, Sichuan 629100, P.R. China
| | - Hui You
- Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Suining, Suining, Sichuan 629100, P.R. China
| | - Aijie Zhang
- Basic Medical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Suining, Suining, Sichuan 629100, P.R. China
| | - Xingliang Jiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Zheyan Pu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Suining, Suining, Sichuan 629100, P.R. China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Suining, Suining, Sichuan 629100, P.R. China
| | - Mingcai Zhao
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Suining, Suining, Sichuan 629100, P.R. China
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Kloska A, Malinowska M, Gabig-Cimińska M, Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka J. Lipids and Lipid Mediators Associated with the Risk and Pathology of Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103618. [PMID: 32443889 PMCID: PMC7279232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a severe neurological disorder in humans that results from an interruption of the blood supply to the brain. Worldwide, stoke affects over 100 million people each year and is the second largest contributor to disability. Dyslipidemia is a modifiable risk factor for stroke that is associated with an increased risk of the disease. Traditional and non-traditional lipid measures are proposed as biomarkers for the better detection of subclinical disease. In the central nervous system, lipids and lipid mediators are essential to sustain the normal brain tissue structure and function. Pathways leading to post-stroke brain deterioration include the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids. A variety of lipid mediators are generated from fatty acids and these molecules may have either neuroprotective or neurodegenerative effects on the post-stroke brain tissue; therefore, they largely contribute to the outcome and recovery from stroke. In this review, we provide an overview of serum lipids associated with the risk of ischemic stroke. We also discuss the role of lipid mediators, with particular emphasis on eicosanoids, in the pathology of ischemic stroke. Finally, we summarize the latest research on potential targets in lipid metabolic pathways for ischemic stroke treatment and on the development of new stroke risk biomarkers for use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kloska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Marcelina Malinowska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Magdalena Gabig-Cimińska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (M.M.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.G.-C.); (J.J.-B.); Tel.: +48-585-236-046 (M.G.-C.); +48-585-236-043 (J.J.-B.)
| | - Joanna Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.K.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.-C.); (J.J.-B.); Tel.: +48-585-236-046 (M.G.-C.); +48-585-236-043 (J.J.-B.)
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