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Matshe WMR, Tshweu LL, Mvango S, Cele ZED, Chetty AS, Pilcher LA, Famuyide IM, McGaw LJ, Taylor D, Gibhard L, Basarab GS, Balogun MO. A Water-Soluble Polymer-Lumefantrine Conjugate for the Intravenous Treatment of Severe Malaria. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200518. [PMID: 36999404 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Uncomplicated malaria is effectively treated with oral artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). Yet, there is an unmet clinical need for the intravenous treatment of the more fatal severe malaria. There is no combination intravenous therapy for uncomplicated due to the nonavailability of a water-soluble partner drug for the artemisinin, artesunate. The currently available treatment is a two-part regimen split into an intravenous artesunate followed by the conventional oral ACT . In a novel application of polymer therapeutics, the aqueous insoluble antimalarial lumefantrine is conjugated to a carrier polymer to create a new water-soluble chemical entity suitable for intravenous administration in a clinically relevant formulation . The conjugate is characterized by spectroscopic and analytical techniques, and the aqueous solubility of lumefantrine is determined to have increased by three orders of magnitude. Pharmacokinetic studies in mice indicate that there is a significant plasma release of lumefantrine and production its metabolite desbutyl-lumefantrine (area under the curve of metabolite is ≈10% that of the parent). In a Plasmodium falciparum malaria mouse model, parasitemia clearance is 50% higher than that of reference unconjugated lumefantrine. The polymer-lumefantrine shows potential for entering the clinic to meet the need for a one-course combination treatment for severe malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M R Matshe
- Bio-Polymer Modification and Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, CSIR, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Lesego L Tshweu
- Bio-Polymer Modification and Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, CSIR, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Sindisiwe Mvango
- Bio-Polymer Modification and Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, CSIR, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Zamani E D Cele
- Bio-Polymer Modification and Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, CSIR, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Avashnee S Chetty
- Bio-Polymer Modification and Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, CSIR, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Lynne A Pilcher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Ibukun M Famuyide
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - Lyndy J McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - Dale Taylor
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | - Liezl Gibhard
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | - Gregory S Basarab
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | - Mohammed O Balogun
- Bio-Polymer Modification and Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, CSIR, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
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2
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Rational design of poly-L-glutamic acid-palbociclib conjugates for pediatric glioma treatment. J Control Release 2023; 355:385-394. [PMID: 36746338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Brain tumors represent the second most common cause of pediatric cancer death, with malignant gliomas accounting for ∼75% of pediatric deaths. Palbociclib, a selective cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor, has shown promise in phase I clinical trials of pediatric patients with progressive/refractory brain tumors using the oral administration route; however, pharmacokinetic limitations and toxicity issues remain. We synthesized a family of well-defined linear and star-shaped polyglutamate (PGA)-palbociclib conjugates using redox-sensitive self-immolative linkers to overcome limitations associated with free palbociclib. Exhaustive characterization of this conjugate family provided evidence for a transition towards the formation of more organized conformational structures upon increased drug loading. We evaluated the activity of conjugates in patient-derived glioblastoma and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma cells, which display differing reducing environments due to differential glutathione expression levels. We discovered that microenvironmental parameters and the identified conformational changes determined palbociclib release kinetics and therapeutic output; furthermore, we identified a star-shaped PGA-palbociclib conjugate with low drug loading as an optimal therapeutic approach in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma cells.
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3
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Su J, Liu C, Bai H, Cong W, Tang H, Hu H, Su L, He S, Wang Y. Development of novel bone targeting peptide-drug conjugate of 13-aminomethyl-15-thiomatrine for osteoporosis therapy. RSC Adv 2021; 12:221-227. [PMID: 35424502 PMCID: PMC8978659 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08136e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
13-Aminomethyl-15-thiomatrine (M19) previously developed by our research group was a promising candidate for novel anti-osteoporosis drug development. However, the application of M19 was limited by its unsatisfactory druggability including poor chemical stability, excessively broad pharmacological activity and some degree of cytotoxicity. To solve these problems, M19-based bone targeting and cathepsin K sensitive peptide–drug conjugates (BTM19-1, BTM19-2 and BTM19-3) were developed to realize precise drug release in the bone tissue. Subsequent studies showed a rapid drug release process via cathepsin K digestion but sufficient stability over several hours in chymotrypsin. Besides, greatly improved chemical stability and strong hydroxyapatite binding affinity were also demonstrated. In biological evaluation studies, these PDCs showed less cytotoxicity and similar osteoclast inhibitory activity compared with the prototype drug. The optimal BTM19-2 could serve as a suitable candidate for further osteoporosis therapy research. 13-Aminomethyl-15-thiomatrine (M19) previously developed by our research group was a promising candidate for novel anti-osteoporosis drug development.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Su
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Zhejiang China
| | - Chao Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Haohao Bai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Wei Cong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Hua Tang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Honggang Hu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Li Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Shipeng He
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Zhejiang China
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Parhizkar E, Samani SM, Sakhteman A, Daneshamouz S, Parhizkar G, Ahmadi F. Synthesis, cytotoxicity assay, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and modeling study of cabazitaxel-dextran nanoconjugates: targeted vs non targeted delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 209:112187. [PMID: 34837858 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cabazitaxel (CTX) is an anti-neoplastic agent of second-generation taxane derivatives, characterized by very low water solubility. The currently marketed formulation of CTX contains high concentrations of surfactant and ethanol, which causes severe hypersensitivity reactions in patients. To deal with aforementioned side effects, our previous study attempted to develop the prodrugs of CTX with dextran. Here our approach differs through synthesizing folate containing prodrug and also investigating cytotoxicity and pharmacokinetics parameters obtained with dextran and dextran-folate nanoconjugates versus free CTX. MCF-7 with medium folate receptor expression and MDA-MB-231 as high folate receptor expression cell lines were selected for cytotoxicity assay. Pharmacokinetics properties were studied by injecting prodrugs and CTX to Wistar rats, analyzing serum and selected tissue samples and the obtained results were sibjected to data modeling study. The size of synthesized prodrugs was mostly less than 90 nm. Folate conjugates provided higher toxicity in comparison with dextran conjugates on both cell lines. In vivo non-compartmental pharmacokinetics analysis revealed enhanced area under the curve (about 3-5 fold for different samples) and longer half-life (approximately 1.3-1.8 fold higher) which led to increased serum residence time of prodrugs in comparison to free CTX. Tissue accumulation data showed that liver was the major organ with high accumulation of CTX. The accumulation of folate conjugates was remarkably higher than dextran samples (p < 0.05 in samples of 2, 10 and 24 h). Data modeling by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster models showed a significant difference between pharmacokinetics properties of CTX and prodrugs. In summary, prodrugs seem to be proper and promising CTX delivery systems as substitution for the current market formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahehnaz Parhizkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soliman Mohammadi Samani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Research Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sakhteman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Saeid Daneshamouz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Research Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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5
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Stiltner J, McCandless K, Zahid M. Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Applications in Tumor Diagnosis and Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060890. [PMID: 34204007 PMCID: PMC8232808 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their identification over twenty-five years ago, the plethora of cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) and their applications has skyrocketed. These 5 to 30 amino acid in length peptides have the unique property of breaching the cell membrane barrier while carrying cargoes larger than themselves into cells in an intact, functional form. CPPs can be conjugated to fluorophores, activatable probes, radioisotopes or contrast agents for imaging tissues, such as tumors. There is no singular mechanism for translocation of CPPs into a cell, and therefore, many CPPs are taken up by a multitude of cell types, creating the challenge of tumor-specific translocation and hindering clinical effectiveness. Varying strategies have been developed to combat this issue and enhance their diagnostic potential by derivatizing CPPs for better targeting by constructing specific cell-activated forms. These methods are currently being used to image integrin-expressing tumors, breast cancer cells, human histiocytic lymphoma and protease-secreting fibrosarcoma cells, to name a few. Additionally, identifying safe, effective therapeutics for malignant tumors has long been an active area of research. CPPs can circumvent many of the complications found in treating cancer with conventional therapeutics by targeted delivery of drugs into tumors, thereby decreasing off-target side effects, a feat not achievable by currently employed conventional chemotherapeutics. Myriad types of chemotherapeutics such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antitumor antibodies and nanoparticles can be functionally attached to these peptides, leading to the possibility of delivering established and novel cancer therapeutics directly to tumor tissue. While much research is needed to overcome potential issues with these peptides, they offer a significant advancement over current mechanisms to treat cancer. In this review, we present a brief overview of the research, leading to identification of CPPs with a comprehensive state-of-the-art review on the role of these novel peptides in both cancer diagnostics as well as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maliha Zahid
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-412-692-8893; Fax: 412-692-6184
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Wang X, Song Z, Wei S, Ji G, Zheng X, Fu Z, Cheng J. Polypeptide-based drug delivery systems for programmed release. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120913. [PMID: 34217020 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen increasing interests in the use of ring-opening polymerization of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) to prepare synthetic polypeptides, a class of biocompatible and versatile materials, for various biomedical applications. Because of their rich side-chain functionalities, diverse hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity profiles, and the capability of forming stable secondary structures, polypeptides can assemble into a variety of well-organized nano-structures that have unique advantages in drug delivery and controlled release. Herein, we review the design and use of polypeptide-based drug delivery system derived from NCA chemistry, and discuss the future perspectives of this exciting and important biomaterial area that may potentially change the landscape of next-generation therapeutics and diagnosis. Given the high significance of precise control over release for polypeptide-based systems, we specifically focus on the versatile designs of drug delivery systems capable of programmed release, through the changes in the chemical and physical properties controlled by the built-in molecular structures of polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Ziyuan Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States; Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Shiqi Wei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Guonan Ji
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xuetao Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Zihuan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States.
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7
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Mthimkhulu NP, Mosiane KS, Nweke EE, Balogun M, Fru P. Prospects of Delivering Natural Compounds by Polymer-Drug Conjugates in Cancer Therapeutics. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1699-1713. [PMID: 33874874 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210419094623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic chemotherapeutics have played a crucial role in minimizing mostly palliative symptoms associated with cancer; however, they have also created other problems such as system toxicity due to a lack of specificity. This has led to the development of polymer-drug conjugates amongst other novel drug delivery systems. Most of the formulations designed using delivery systems consist of synthetic drugs and face issues such as drug resistance, which has already rendered drugs such as antibiotics ineffective. This is further exacerbated by toxicity due to long term use. Given these problems and the fact that conjugation of synthetic compounds to polymers has been relatively slow with no formulation on the market after a decade of extensive studies, the focus has shifted to using this platform with medicinal plant extracts to improve solubility, specificity and increase drug release of medicinal and herbal bioactives. In recent years, various plant extracts such as flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids have been studied extensively using this approach. The success of formulations developed using novel drug-delivery systems is highly dependent on the tumour microenvironment especially on the enhanced permeability and retention effect. As a result, the compromised lymphatic network and 'leaky' vasculature exhibited by tumour cells act as a guiding principle in the delivering of these formulations. This review focuses on the state of the polymer-drug conjugates and their exploration with natural compounds, the progress and difficulties thus far, and future directions concerning cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nompumelelo P Mthimkhulu
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193. South Africa
| | - Karabo S Mosiane
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193. South Africa
| | - Ekene E Nweke
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193. South Africa
| | - Mohammed Balogun
- Biopolymer Modification and Therapeutics Lab, Materials Science & Manufacturing, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Meiring Naude Road, Brummeria, Pretoria 0001. South Africa
| | - Pascaline Fru
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193. South Africa
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8
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PEG Grafted Polymethacrylates Bearing Antioxidants as a New Class of Polymer Conjugates for Application in Cosmetology. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13163455. [PMID: 32764401 PMCID: PMC7475907 DOI: 10.3390/ma13163455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The amphiphilic copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (MPEGMA) and alkyne functionalized 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (AlHEMA) were synthesized by controlled atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The reactions were carried out using the standard ATRP initiator ethyl α-bromoisobutyrate, (EiBBr) and the “bio”initiator bromoester derivative of 4-n-butylresorcinol (4nBREBr2). Two substances with antioxidant activity used in cosmetology, (±)-α-lipoic acid (LA) and ferulic acid (FA), were subjected to esterification reactions to introduce azide groups. The “click” reactions between the alkyne contained copolymers and functionalized acids (LA-N3, FA-N3) were performed to obtain polymer-antioxidant conjugates (P((HEMA-click-FA)-co-MPEGMA) and P((HEMA-click-LA)-co-MPEGMA)). The conjugation was performed with an efficiency of 20–75%. In vitro experiments in a phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution at neutral conditions demonstrated that the sufficient release was reached after 2.5 h for FA and 1 h for LA. The rapid release kinetics as well as the polymer carriers, which were applied to regulate the delivery of antioxidant substances, are beneficial in cosmetology.
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10
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Petushkova AI, Savvateeva LV, Korolev DO, Zamyatnin AA. Cysteine Cathepsins: Potential Applications in Diagnostics and Therapy of Malignant Tumors. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:746-761. [PMID: 31509726 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791907006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine cathepsins are proteolytic enzymes involved in protein degradation in lysosomes and endosomes. Cysteine cathepsins have been also found in the tumor microenvironment during carcinogenesis, where they are implicated in proliferation, invasion and metastasis of tumor cells through the degradation of extracellular matrix, suppression of cell-cell interactions, and promotion of angiogenesis. In this regard, cathepsins can have a diagnostic value and represent promising targets for antitumor drugs aimed at inhibition of these proteases. Moreover, cysteine cathepsins can be used as activators of novel targeted therapeutic agents. This review summarizes recent discovered roles of cysteine cathepsins in carcinogenesis and discusses new trends in cancer therapy and diagnostics using cysteine cathepsins as markers, targets, or activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Petushkova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - L V Savvateeva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - D O Korolev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Uronephrology and Human Reproductive Health, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A A Zamyatnin
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
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11
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Morales-Cruz M, Delgado Y, Castillo B, Figueroa CM, Molina AM, Torres A, Milián M, Griebenow K. Smart Targeting To Improve Cancer Therapeutics. Drug Des Devel Ther 2019; 13:3753-3772. [PMID: 31802849 PMCID: PMC6826196 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s219489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second largest cause of death worldwide with the number of new cancer cases predicted to grow significantly in the next decades. Biotechnology and medicine can and should work hand-in-hand to improve cancer diagnosis and treatment efficacy. However, success has been frequently limited, in particular when treating late-stage solid tumors. There still is the need to develop smart and synergistic therapeutic approaches to achieve the synthesis of strong and effective drugs and delivery systems. Much interest has been paid to the development of smart drug delivery systems (drug-loaded particles) that utilize passive targeting, active targeting, and/or stimulus responsiveness strategies. This review will summarize some main ideas about the effect of each strategy and how the combination of some or all of them has shown to be effective. After a brief introduction of current cancer therapies and their limitations, we describe the biological barriers that nanoparticles need to overcome, followed by presenting different types of drug delivery systems to improve drug accumulation in tumors. Then, we describe cancer cell membrane targets that increase cellular drug uptake through active targeting mechanisms. Stimulus-responsive targeting is also discussed by looking at the intra- and extracellular conditions for specific drug release. We include a significant amount of information summarized in tables and figures on nanoparticle-based therapeutics, PEGylated drugs, different ligands for the design of active-targeted systems, and targeting of different organs. We also discuss some still prevailing fundamental limitations of these approaches, eg, by occlusion of targeting ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moraima Morales-Cruz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Yamixa Delgado
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, PR, USA
| | - Betzaida Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Humacao Campus, Humacao, PR, USA
| | - Cindy M Figueroa
- Department of Math and Sciences, Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Anna M Molina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Anamaris Torres
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, PR, USA
| | - Melissa Milián
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, PR, USA
| | - Kai Griebenow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
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12
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Parveen S, Arjmand F, Tabassum S. Clinical developments of antitumor polymer therapeutics. RSC Adv 2019; 9:24699-24721. [PMID: 35528643 PMCID: PMC9069890 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04358f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer therapeutics encompasses polymer-drug conjugates that are nano-sized, multicomponent constructs already in the clinic as antitumor compounds, either as single agents or in combination with other organic drug scaffolds. Nanoparticle-based polymer-conjugated therapeutics are poised to become a leading delivery strategy for cancer treatments as they exhibit prolonged half-life, higher stability and selectivity, water solubility, longer clearance time, lower immunogenicity and antigenicity and often also specific targeting to tissues or cells. Compared to free drugs, polymer-tethered drugs preferentially accumulate in the tumor sites unlike conventional chemotherapy which does not discriminate between the cancer cells and healthy cells, thereby causing severe side-effects. It is also desirable that the drug reaches its site of action at a particular concentration and the therapeutic dose remains constant over a sufficiently long period of time. This can be achieved by opting for new formulations possessing polymeric systems of drug carriers. However, many challenges still remain unanswered in polymeric drug conjugates which need to be readdressed and therefore, can broaden the scope of this field. This review highlights some of the antitumor polymer therapeutics including polymer-drug conjugates, polymeric micelles, polymeric liposomes and other polymeric nanoparticles that are currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Parveen
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University Yanbu Branch 46423 Yanbu Saudi Arabia +966 504522069
| | - Farukh Arjmand
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh-202002 India
| | - Sartaj Tabassum
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh-202002 India
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Vasiljeva O, Hostetter DR, Moore SJ, Winter MB. The multifaceted roles of tumor-associated proteases and harnessing their activity for prodrug activation. Biol Chem 2019; 400:965-977. [PMID: 30913028 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of proteases in cancer was originally thought to be limited to the breakdown of basement membranes and extracellular matrix (ECM), thereby promoting cancer cell invasion into surrounding normal tissues. It is now well understood that proteases play a much more complicated role in all stages of cancer progression and that not only tumor cells, but also stromal cells are an important source of proteases in the tumor microenvironment. Among all the proteolytic enzymes potentially associated with cancer, some proteases have taken on heightened importance due to their significant up-regulation and ability to participate at multiple stages of cancer progression and metastasis. In this review, we discuss some of the advances in understanding of the roles of several key proteases from different classes in the development and progression of cancer and the potential to leverage their upregulated activity for the development of novel targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Vasiljeva
- CytomX Therapeutics Inc., Platform Biology, 151 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Daniel R Hostetter
- CytomX Therapeutics Inc., Platform Biology, 151 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Stephen J Moore
- CytomX Therapeutics Inc., Platform Biology, 151 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Michael B Winter
- CytomX Therapeutics Inc., Platform Biology, 151 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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14
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Kim S, Kim M, Jung S, Kwon K, Park J, Kim S, Kwon I, Tae G. Co-delivery of therapeutic protein and catalase-mimic nanoparticle using a biocompatible nanocarrier for enhanced therapeutic effect. J Control Release 2019; 309:181-189. [PMID: 31356840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins are indispensable in the treatment of various human diseases. Despite the many benefits of therapeutic proteins, they also exhibit diverse side effects. Therefore, reducing unwanted side effects of therapeutic proteins as well as enhancing their therapeutic efficacy are very important in developing therapeutic proteins. Urate oxidase (UOX) is a therapeutic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of uric acid (UA) into a soluble metabolite, and it is used clinically for the treatment of hyperuricemia. Since UA degradation by UOX generates H2O2 (a cytotoxic side product), UOX was co-delivered with catalase-mimic nanoparticles (AuNPs) using biocompatible pluronic-based nanocarriers (NCs) to effectively reduce H2O2-associated toxicity in cultured cells and to enhance UA degradation efficiency in vivo. Simple temperature-dependent size changes of NCs allowed co-encapsulation of both UOX and AuNPs at a high loading efficiency without compromising critical properties, resulting in efficient modulation of a mixing ratio of UOX and AuNPs encapsulated in NCs. Co-localizing UOX and AuNPs in the NCs led to enhanced UA degradation and H2O2 removal in vitro, leading to a great reduction in H2O2-associated cytotoxicity compared with UOX alone or a free mixture of UOX and AuNPs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that co-delivery of UOX and AuNPs using NCs significantly improves in vivo UA degradation compared to simple co-injection of free UOX and AuNPs. More broadly, we showed that biocompatible pluronic-based nanocarriers can be used to deliver a target therapeutic protein along with its toxicity-eliminating agent in order to reduce side effects and enhance efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoungkyun Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Manse Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Secheon Jung
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyoon Kwon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyong Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukhwan Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Inchan Kwon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Giyoong Tae
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Antitumour activity and tolerability of an EphA2-targeted nanotherapeutic in multiple mouse models. Nat Biomed Eng 2019; 3:264-280. [DOI: 10.1038/s41551-019-0385-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 198:189-205. [PMID: 30796927 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is an umbrella term for a subset of heterogeneous diseases that are collectively responsible for the most cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite the tremendous progress made in understanding lung tumour biology, advances in early diagnosis, multimodal therapy and deciphering molecular mechanisms of drug resistance, overall curative outcomes remain low, especially in metastatic disease. Nanotechnology, in particular nanoparticles (NPs), continue to progressively impact the way by which tumours are diagnosed and treated. The unique physicochemical properties of materials at the nanoscale grant access to a diverse molecular toolkit that can be manipulated for use in respiratory oncology. This realisation has resulted in several clinically approved NP formulations and many more in clinical trials. However, NPs are not a panacea and have yet to be utilised to maximal effect in lung cancer, and medicine in a wider context. This review serves to: describe the complexity of lung cancer, the current diagnostic and therapeutic environment, and highlight the recent advancements of nanotechnology based approaches in diagnosis and treatment of respiratory malignancies. Finally, a brief outlook on the future directions of nanomedicine is provided; presently the full potential of the field is yet to be realised. By gleaning lessons and integrating advancements from neighbouring disciplines, nanomedicine can be elevated to a position where the current barriers that stymie full clinical impact are lifted.
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Maso K, Grigoletto A, Vicent MJ, Pasut G. Molecular platforms for targeted drug delivery. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 346:1-50. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Arroyo-Crespo JJ, Armiñán A, Charbonnier D, Balzano-Nogueira L, Huertas-López F, Martí C, Tarazona S, Forteza J, Conesa A, Vicent MJ. Tumor microenvironment-targeted poly-L-glutamic acid-based combination conjugate for enhanced triple negative breast cancer treatment. Biomaterials 2018; 186:8-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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19
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Jin X, Asghar S, Zhang M, Chen Z, Huang L, Ping Q, Xiao Y. N-acetylcysteine modified hyaluronic acid-paclitaxel conjugate for efficient oral chemotherapy through mucosal bioadhesion ability. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 172:655-664. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Ling L, Ismail M, Du Y, Xia Q, He W, Yao C, Li X. High Drug Loading, Reversible Disulfide Core-Cross-Linked Multifunctional Micelles for Triggered Release of Camptothecin. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:5479-5492. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Longbing Ling
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Muhammad Ismail
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Yawei Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Qing Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Wei He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Chen Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Xinsong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
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21
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Mvango S, Matshe WMR, Balogun AO, Pilcher LA, Balogun MO. Nanomedicines for Malaria Chemotherapy: Encapsulation vs. Polymer Therapeutics. Pharm Res 2018; 35:237. [PMID: 30324329 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2517-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is one of the oldest infectious diseases that afflict humans and its history extends back for millennia. It was once prevalent throughout the globe but today it is mainly endemic to tropical regions like sub-Saharan Africa and South-east Asia. Ironically, treatment for malaria has existed for centuries yet it still exerts an enormous death toll. This contradiction is attributed in part to the rapid development of resistance by the malaria parasite to chemotherapeutic drugs. In turn, resistance has been fuelled by poor patient compliance to the relatively toxic antimalarial drugs. While drug toxicity and poor pharmacological potentials have been addressed or ameliorated with various nanomedicine drug delivery systems in diseases like cancer, no clinically significant success story has been reported for malaria. There have been several reviews on the application of nanomedicine technologies, especially drug encapsulation, to malaria treatment. Here we extend the scope of the collation of the nanomedicine research literature to polymer therapeutics technology. We first discuss the history of the disease and how a flurry of scientific breakthroughs in the latter part of the nineteenth century provided scientific understanding of the disease. This is followed by a review of the disease biology and the major antimalarial chemotherapy. The achievements of nanomedicine in cancer and other infectious diseases are discussed to draw parallels with malaria. A review of the current state of the research into malaria nanomedicines, both encapsulation and polymer therapeutics polymer-drug conjugation technologies, is covered and we conclude with a consideration of the opportunities and challenges offered by both technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindisiwe Mvango
- Biopolymer Modification & Therapeutics Lab, Polymers & Composites, Materials Science & Manufacturing, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Meiring Naude Road, Brummeria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - William M R Matshe
- Biopolymer Modification & Therapeutics Lab, Polymers & Composites, Materials Science & Manufacturing, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Meiring Naude Road, Brummeria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Abideen O Balogun
- Department of Medicine, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Lynne A Pilcher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Mohammed O Balogun
- Biopolymer Modification & Therapeutics Lab, Polymers & Composites, Materials Science & Manufacturing, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Meiring Naude Road, Brummeria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
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22
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Hassanzadeh P, Atyabi F, Dinarvand R. Ignoring the modeling approaches: Towards the shadowy paths in nanomedicine. J Control Release 2018; 280:58-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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23
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Targeted Therapeutic Nanoparticles: An Immense Promise to Fight against Cancer. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2017; 2017:9090325. [PMID: 29464123 PMCID: PMC5804325 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9090325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In nanomedicine, targeted therapeutic nanoparticle (NP) is a virtual outcome of nanotechnology taking the advantage of cancer propagation pattern. Tying up all elements such as therapeutic or imaging agent, targeting ligand, and cross-linking agent with the NPs is the key concept to deliver the payload selectively where it intends to reach. The microenvironment of tumor tissues in lymphatic vessels can also help targeted NPs to achieve their anticipated accumulation depending on the formulation objectives. This review accumulates the application of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) based NP systems, with a specific perspective in cancer. Nowadays, PLGA, PEG, or their combinations are the mostly used polymers to serve the purpose of targeted therapeutic NPs. Their unique physicochemical properties along with their biological activities are also discussed. Depending on the biological effects from parameters associated with existing NPs, several advantages and limitations have been explored in teaming up all the essential facts to give birth to targeted therapeutic NPs. Therefore, the current article will provide a comprehensive review of various approaches to fabricate a targeted system to achieve appropriate physicochemical properties. Based on such findings, researchers can realize the benefits and challenges for the next generation of delivery systems.
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24
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Merk D, Schubert-Zsilavecz M. The Linker Approach. METHODS AND PRINCIPLES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527674381.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Merk
- Goethe University Frankfurt; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Max-von-Laue-Str. 9 60438 Frankfurt Germany
| | - Manfred Schubert-Zsilavecz
- Goethe University Frankfurt; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Max-von-Laue-Str. 9 60438 Frankfurt Germany
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25
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of an anticancer drug delivery system: Poly(l-γ-glutamyl-l-carbocisteine)-paclitaxel nanoconjugate. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 81:113-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Paclitaxel: What has been done and the challenges remain ahead. Int J Pharm 2017; 526:474-495. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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27
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Kiew LV, Cheah HY, Voon SH, Gallon E, Movellan J, Ng KH, Alpugan S, Lee HB, Dumoulin F, Vicent MJ, Chung LY. Near-infrared activatable phthalocyanine-poly-L-glutamic acid conjugate: increased cellular uptake and light–dark toxicity ratio toward an effective photodynamic cancer therapy. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:1447-1458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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28
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Louage B, De Wever O, Hennink WE, De Geest BG. Developments and future clinical outlook of taxane nanomedicines. J Control Release 2017; 253:137-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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29
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Tarassoli SP, de Pinillos Bayona AM, Pye H, Mosse CA, Callan JF, MacRobert A, McHale AP, Nomikou N. Cathepsin B-degradable, NIR-responsive nanoparticulate platform for target-specific cancer therapy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:055101. [PMID: 28029105 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/28/5/055101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive anticancer formulations can promote drug release and activation within the target tumour, facilitate cellular uptake, as well as improve the therapeutic efficacy of drugs and reduce off-target effects. In the present work, indocyanine green (ICG)-containing polyglutamate (PGA) nanoparticles were developed and characterized. Digestion of nanoparticles with cathepsin B, a matrix metalloproteinase overexpressed in the microenvironment of advanced tumours, decreased particle size and increased ICG cellular uptake. Incorporation of ICG in PGA nanoparticles provided the NIR-absorbing agent with time-dependent altered optical properties in the presence of cathepsin B. Having minimal dark toxicity, the formulation exhibited significant cytotoxicity upon NIR exposure. Combined use of the formulation with saporin, a ribosome-inactivating protein, resulted in synergistically enhanced cytotoxicity attributed to the photo-induced release of saporin from endo/lysosomes. The results suggest that this therapeutic approach can offer significant therapeutic benefit in the treatment of superficial malignancies, such as head and neck tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam P Tarassoli
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, NW3 2PF, London, UK
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30
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Chu TW, Kopeček J. Drug-Free Macromolecular Therapeutics--A New Paradigm in Polymeric Nanomedicines. Biomater Sci 2016; 3:908-22. [PMID: 26191406 DOI: 10.1039/c4bm00442f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights a unique research area in polymer-based nanomedicine designs. Drug-free macromolecular therapeutics induce apoptosis of malignant cells by the crosslinking of surface non-internalizing receptors. The receptor crosslinking is mediated by the biorecognition of high-fidelity natural binding motifs (such as antiparallel coiled-coil peptides or complementary oligonucleotides) that are grafted to the side chains of polymers or attached to targeting moieties against cell receptors. This approach features the absence of low-molecular-weight cytotoxic compounds. Here, we summarize the rationales, different designs, and advantages of drug-free macromolecular therapeutics. Recent developments of novel therapeutic systems for B-cell lymphomas are discussed, as well as relevant approaches for other diseases. We conclude by pointing out various potential future directions in this exciting new field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Wei Chu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA ; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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31
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Tabernero A, González-Garcinuño Á, Sánchez-Álvarez JM, Galán MA, Martín Del Valle EM. Development of a nanoparticle system based on a fructose polymer: Stability and drug release studies. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 160:26-33. [PMID: 28115097 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
New drug delivery systems (DDSs) with levan or its carboxymethylated form, as carriers, and 5-fluorouracil as a drug, are produced in this work. Levan is obtained after cultivating A. nectaris and polymer nanoparticles are created in water by a self-assembled process. The effect of pH and the ionic strength on polymer nanoparticles aggregation is studied. Basic pHs produces a particle size between 300 and 400nm with a Z-potential around -20mV because a basic medium promotes repulsion forces. DDSs of 300-400nm and a Z-potential about -25mV are prepared by taking advantage of the amphiphilic properties of the levan. The drug is bound to either levan or carboxymethyllevan surfaces by electrostatic interactions, obtaining the best results at basic pHs. 45-70% of the drug is released from the levan in 23h depending on the pH preparation, whereas only a low percentage of the drug is released from the carboxymethyllevan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tabernero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Salamanca, Plaza Los Caídos s/n, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Álvaro González-Garcinuño
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Salamanca, Plaza Los Caídos s/n, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Mª Sánchez-Álvarez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Salamanca, Plaza Los Caídos s/n, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel A Galán
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Salamanca, Plaza Los Caídos s/n, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eva M Martín Del Valle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Salamanca, Plaza Los Caídos s/n, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
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32
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Landesman-Milo D, Ramishetti S, Peer D. Nanomedicine as an emerging platform for metastatic lung cancer therapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2016; 34:291-301. [PMID: 25948376 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-015-9554-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic lung cancer is one of the most common cancers leading to mortality worldwide. Current treatment includes chemo- and pathway-dependent therapy aiming at blocking the spread and proliferation of these metastatic lesions. Nanomedicine is an emerging multidisciplinary field that offers unprecedented access to living cells and promises the state of the art in cancer detection and treatment. Development of nanomedicines as drug carriers (nanocarriers) that target cancer for therapy draws upon principles in the fields of chemistry, medicine, physics, biology, and engineering. Given the zealous activity in the field as demonstrated by more than 30 nanocarriers already approved for clinical use and given the promise of recent clinical results in various studies, nanocarrier-based strategies are anticipated to soon have a profound impact on cancer medicine and human health. Herein, we will detail the latest innovations in therapeutic nanomedicine with examples from lipid-based nanoparticles and polymer-based approaches, which are engineered to deliver anticancer drugs to metastatic lung cells. Emphasis will be placed on the latest and most attractive delivery platforms, which are developed specifically to target lung metastatic tumors. These novel nanomedicines may open new avenues for therapeutic intervention carrying new class of drugs such as RNAi and mRNA and the ability to edit the genome using the CRISPER/Cas9 system. Ultimately, these strategies might become a new therapeutic modality for advanced-stage lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalit Landesman-Milo
- Laboratory of NanoMedicine, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
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33
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Marchal S, El Hor A, Millard M, Gillon V, Bezdetnaya L. Anticancer Drug Delivery: An Update on Clinically Applied Nanotherapeutics. Drugs 2016; 75:1601-11. [PMID: 26323338 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-015-0453-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of chemotherapy using conventional anticancer drugs has been hindered due to several drawbacks related to their poor water solubility and poor pharmacokinetics, leading to severe adverse side effects and multidrug resistance in patients. Nanocarriers were developed to palliate these problems by improving drug delivery, opening the era of nanomedicine in oncology. Liposomes have been by far the most used nanovectors for drug delivery, with liposomal doxorubicin receiving US FDA approval as early as 1995. Antibody drug conjugates and promising drug delivery systems based on a natural polymer, such as albumin, or a synthetic polymer, are currently undergoing advanced clinical trials or have received approval for clinical applications. However, despite attractive results being obtained in preclinical studies, many well-designed nanodrugs fell short of expectations when tested in patients, evidencing the gap between nanoparticle design and their clinical translation. The aim of this review is to evaluate the extent of nanotherapeutics used in oncology by providing an insight into the most successful concepts. The reasons that prevent nanodrugs from expanding to clinic are discussed, and the efforts that must be taken to take full advantage of the great potential of nanomedicine are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Marchal
- Université de Lorraine, Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), UMR 7039, Campus Sciences, BP 70239, 54506, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France. .,CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), UMR 7039, Campus Sciences, BP 70239, 54506, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France. .,Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Amélie El Hor
- Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Lorraine, 30 rue Lionnois, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Marie Millard
- Université de Lorraine, Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), UMR 7039, Campus Sciences, BP 70239, 54506, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.,CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), UMR 7039, Campus Sciences, BP 70239, 54506, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Véronique Gillon
- Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Lina Bezdetnaya
- Université de Lorraine, Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), UMR 7039, Campus Sciences, BP 70239, 54506, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.,CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), UMR 7039, Campus Sciences, BP 70239, 54506, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.,Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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34
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Nanoparticle-based combination drug delivery systems for synergistic cancer treatment. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-016-0252-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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35
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Li Q, Gan L, Tao H, Wang Q, Ye L, Zhang A, Feng Z. The synthesis and application of heparin-based smart drug carrier. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 140:260-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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36
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Glasgow MDK, Chougule MB. Recent Developments in Active Tumor Targeted Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Combination Chemotherapy in Cancer Treatment and Imaging. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2016; 11:1859-98. [PMID: 26554150 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2015.2145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology and combination therapy are two major fields that show great promise in the treatment of cancer. The delivery of drugs via nanoparticles helps to improve drug's therapeutic effectiveness while reducing adverse side effects associated wifh high dosage by improving their pharmacokinetics. Taking advantage of molecular markers over-expressing on tumor tissues compared to normal cells, an "active" molecular marker targeted approach would be-beneficial for cancer therapy. These actively targeted nanoparticles would increase drug concentration at the tumor site, improving efficacy while further reducing chemo-resistance. The multidisciplinary approach may help to improve the overall efficacy in cancer therapy. This review article summarizes recent developments of targeted multifunctional nanoparticles in the delivery, of various drugs for a combinational chemotherapy approach to cancer treatment and imaging.
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Senevirathne SA, Washington KE, Biewer MC, Stefan MC. PEG based anti-cancer drug conjugated prodrug micelles for the delivery of anti-cancer agents. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:360-370. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02053k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Development of polymer prodrug conjugates has evolved recently in the nano-medicine field for cancer diagnosis and treatment. This review focuses on the development of different types of PEG based polymer drug conjugates used for the delivery of anti-cancer agents.
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38
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Su Z, Liang Y, Yao Y, Wang T, Zhang N. Polymeric complex micelles based on the double-hydrazone linkage and dual drug-loading strategy for pH-sensitive docetaxel delivery. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:1122-1133. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02188j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Complex micelles, which integrated double-hydrazone linkage and dual drug-loading patterns, were constructed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Su
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- Shandong University
- Ji'nan 250012
- China
| | - Yanchao Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- Shandong University
- Ji'nan 250012
- China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- Shandong University
- Ji'nan 250012
- China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- Shandong University
- Ji'nan 250012
- China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- Shandong University
- Ji'nan 250012
- China
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39
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Song Q, Wang X, Wang Y, Liang Y, Zhou Y, Song X, He B, Zhang H, Dai W, Wang X, Zhang Q. Reduction Responsive Self-Assembled Nanoparticles Based on Disulfide-Linked Drug–Drug Conjugate with High Drug Loading and Antitumor Efficacy. Mol Pharm 2015; 13:190-201. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Song
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yaoqi Wang
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanqin Liang
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanxia Zhou
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoning Song
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bing He
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenbing Dai
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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40
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Gaiko-Shcherbak A, Fabris G, Dreissen G, Merkel R, Hoffmann B, Noetzel E. The Acinar Cage: Basement Membranes Determine Molecule Exchange and Mechanical Stability of Human Breast Cell Acini. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145174. [PMID: 26674091 PMCID: PMC4684506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The biophysical properties of the basement membrane that surrounds human breast glands are poorly understood, but are thought to be decisive for normal organ function and malignancy. Here, we characterize the breast gland basement membrane with a focus on molecule permeation and mechanical stability, both crucial for organ function. We used well-established and nature-mimicking MCF10A acini as 3D cell model for human breast glands, with ether low- or highly-developed basement membrane scaffolds. Semi-quantitative dextran tracer (3 to 40 kDa) experiments allowed us to investigate the basement membrane scaffold as a molecule diffusion barrier in human breast acini in vitro. We demonstrated that molecule permeation correlated positively with macromolecule size and intriguingly also with basement membrane development state, revealing a pore size of at least 9 nm. Notably, an intact collagen IV mesh proved to be essential for this permeation function. Furthermore, we performed ultra-sensitive atomic force microscopy to quantify the response of native breast acini and of decellularized basement membrane shells against mechanical indentation. We found a clear correlation between increasing acinar force resistance and basement membrane formation stage. Most important native acini with highly-developed basement membranes as well as cell-free basement membrane shells could both withstand physiologically relevant loads (≤ 20 nN) without loss of structural integrity. In contrast, low-developed basement membranes were significantly softer and more fragile. In conclusion, our study emphasizes the key role of the basement membrane as conductor of acinar molecule influx and mechanical stability of human breast glands, which are fundamental for normal organ function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljona Gaiko-Shcherbak
- Institute of Complex Systems ICS7: Biomechanics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Gloria Fabris
- Institute of Complex Systems ICS7: Biomechanics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Georg Dreissen
- Institute of Complex Systems ICS7: Biomechanics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Rudolf Merkel
- Institute of Complex Systems ICS7: Biomechanics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Institute of Complex Systems ICS7: Biomechanics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Erik Noetzel
- Institute of Complex Systems ICS7: Biomechanics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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41
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Cancer Research UK Centre for Drug Development: translating 21st-century science into the cancer medicines of tomorrow. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:995-1003. [PMID: 25794601 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The Cancer Research UK Centre (CRUK) for Drug Development (CDD) can trace its origins back to the Cancer Research Campaign Phase I/II Committee (created in 1980) and to date has tested over 120 potential cancer medicines in early-phase clinical trials. Five drugs are now registered, providing benefit to thousands of patients with cancer as part of their routine standard of care. In recent years, the CDD has established several different business and operating models that provide it with access to the pipelines of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. This has enabled potential new treatments to be taken into clinical development that might have otherwise languished on companies' shelves and has increased the number of drug combinations being explored in early-phase clinical trials.
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42
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Sousa-Herves A, Würfel P, Wegner N, Khandare J, Licha K, Haag R, Welker P, Calderón M. Dendritic polyglycerol sulfate as a novel platform for paclitaxel delivery: pitfalls of ester linkage. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:3923-32. [PMID: 25516353 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04428b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, dendritic polyglycerol sulfate (dPGS) is evaluated as a delivery platform for the anticancer, tubulin-binding drug paclitaxel (PTX). The conjugation of PTX to dPGS is conducted via a labile ester linkage. A non-sulfated dendritic polyglycerol (dPG) is used as a control, and the labeling with an indocarbocyanine dye (ICC) renders multifunctional conjugates that can be monitored by fluorescence microscopy. The conjugates are characterized by (1)H NMR, UV-vis measurements, and RP-HPLC. In vitro cytotoxicity of PTX and dendritic conjugates is evaluated using A549 and A431 cell lines, showing a reduced cytotoxic efficacy of the conjugates compared to PTX. The study of uptake kinetics reveals a linear, non saturable uptake in tumor cells for dPGS-PTX-ICC, while dPG-PTX-ICC is hardly taken up. Despite the marginal uptake of dPG-PTX-ICC, it prompts tubulin polymerization to a comparable extent as PTX. These observations suggest a fast ester hydrolysis and premature drug release, as confirmed by HPLC measurements in the presence of plasma enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sousa-Herves
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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43
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Wang H, He J, Cao D, Zhang M, Li F, Tam KC, Ni P. Synthesis of an acid-labile polymeric prodrug DOX-acetal-PEG-acetal-DOX with high drug loading content for pH-triggered intracellular drug release. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00569h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PEGylated doxorubicin (DOX) prodrugs with high drug loading content have been prepared via a combination of CuAAC “click” reaction and ammonolysis reaction, which can be used for pH-triggered delivery of doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Soochow University
| | - Jinlin He
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Soochow University
| | - Dongling Cao
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Soochow University
| | - Mingzu Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Soochow University
| | - Fei Li
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Soochow University
| | - Kam Chiu Tam
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Waterloo
- Waterloo
- Canada
| | - Peihong Ni
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Soochow University
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44
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Mohanty AK, Dilnawaz F, Mohanta GP, Sahoo SK. Polymer–Drug Conjugates for Targeted Drug Delivery. ADVANCES IN DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-11355-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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45
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Conejos-Sánchez I, Cardoso I, Oteo-Vives M, Romero-Sanz E, Paul A, Sauri AR, Morcillo MA, Saraiva MJ, Vicent MJ. Polymer-doxycycline conjugates as fibril disrupters: an approach towards the treatment of a rare amyloidotic disease. J Control Release 2014; 198:80-90. [PMID: 25481444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The term amyloidosis describes neurological diseases where an abnormal protein is misfolded and accumulated as deposits in organs and tissues, known as amyloid, disrupting their normal function. In the most common familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP), transthyretin (TTR) displays this role primarily affecting the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Advanced stages of this inherited rare amyloidosis, present as fibril deposits that are responsible for disease progression. In order to stop disease progression, herein we designed an efficient family of nanoconjugates as fibril disrupters. These polymer conjugates are based on doxycycline (doxy), already in phase II trials for Alzheimer's disease, covalently linked to poly-l-glutamic acid (PGA). The conjugates were rationally designed, looking at drug loading and drug release rate by adequate linker design, always considering the physiological conditions at the molecular target site. Conjugation of doxycycline exhibited greater potential towards TTR fibril disaggregation in vitro compared to the parent drug. Exhaustive physico-chemical evaluation of these polymer-drug conjugates concluded that drug release was unnecessary for activity, highlighting the importance of an appropriate linker. Furthermore, biodistribution studies through optical imaging (OI) and the use of radiolabelled polymer-drug conjugates demonstrated conjugate safety profile and renal clearance route of the selected PGA-doxy candidate, settling the adequacy of our conjugate for future in vivo evaluation. Furthermore, preliminary studies in an FAP in vivo model at early stages of disease development showed non-organ toxicity evidences. This nanosized-system raises a promising treatment for advanced stages of this rare amyloidotic disease, and also presents a starting point for possible application within other amyloidosis-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Conejos-Sánchez
- Polymer Therapeutics Lab., Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, Valencia 46012, Spain
| | - Isabel Cardoso
- Instituto de Biología Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Rua do Campo Alegre 823, Porto 4150-180, Portugal
| | - Marta Oteo-Vives
- Biomedical Applications of Radioisotopes and Pharmacokinetics Unit, CIEMAT, Av. Complutense 40, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Eduardo Romero-Sanz
- Biomedical Applications of Radioisotopes and Pharmacokinetics Unit, CIEMAT, Av. Complutense 40, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Alison Paul
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Amparo Ruiz Sauri
- Pathology Department, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibáñez 15, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Miguel A Morcillo
- Biomedical Applications of Radioisotopes and Pharmacokinetics Unit, CIEMAT, Av. Complutense 40, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Maria J Saraiva
- Instituto de Biología Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Rua do Campo Alegre 823, Porto 4150-180, Portugal
| | - María J Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Lab., Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, Valencia 46012, Spain.
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46
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Conniot J, Silva JM, Fernandes JG, Silva LC, Gaspar R, Brocchini S, Florindo HF, Barata TS. Cancer immunotherapy: nanodelivery approaches for immune cell targeting and tracking. Front Chem 2014; 2:105. [PMID: 25505783 PMCID: PMC4244808 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common diseases afflicting people globally. New therapeutic approaches are needed due to the complexity of cancer as a disease. Many current treatments are very toxic and have modest efficacy at best. Increased understanding of tumor biology and immunology has allowed the development of specific immunotherapies with minimal toxicity. It is important to highlight the performance of monoclonal antibodies, immune adjuvants, vaccines and cell-based treatments. Although these approaches have shown varying degrees of clinical efficacy, they illustrate the potential to develop new strategies. Targeted immunotherapy is being explored to overcome the heterogeneity of malignant cells and the immune suppression induced by both the tumor and its microenvironment. Nanodelivery strategies seek to minimize systemic exposure to target therapy to malignant tissue and cells. Intracellular penetration has been examined through the use of functionalized particulates. These nano-particulate associated medicines are being developed for use in imaging, diagnostics and cancer targeting. Although nano-particulates are inherently complex medicines, the ability to confer, at least in principle, different types of functionality allows for the plausible consideration these nanodelivery strategies can be exploited for use as combination medicines. The development of targeted nanodelivery systems in which therapeutic and imaging agents are merged into a single platform is an attractive strategy. Currently, several nanoplatform-based formulations, such as polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, liposomes and dendrimers are in preclinical and clinical stages of development. Herein, nanodelivery strategies presently investigated for cancer immunotherapy, cancer targeting mechanisms and nanocarrier functionalization methods will be described. We also intend to discuss the emerging nano-based approaches suitable to be used as imaging techniques and as cancer treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Conniot
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana M Silva
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana G Fernandes
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Liana C Silva
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rogério Gaspar
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Steve Brocchini
- EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Emergent Macromolecular Therapies, UCL School of Pharmacy London, UK
| | - Helena F Florindo
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa S Barata
- EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Emergent Macromolecular Therapies, UCL School of Pharmacy London, UK
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47
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Pelegri-O'Day EM, Lin EW, Maynard HD. Therapeutic protein-polymer conjugates: advancing beyond PEGylation. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14323-32. [PMID: 25216406 DOI: 10.1021/ja504390x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein-polymer conjugates are widely used as therapeutics. All Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved protein conjugates are covalently linked to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). These PEGylated drugs have longer half-lives in the bloodstream, leading to less frequent dosing, which is a significant advantage for patients. However, there are some potential drawbacks to PEG that are driving the development of alternatives. Polymers that display enhanced pharmacokinetic properties along with additional advantages such as improved stability or degradability will be important to advance the field of protein therapeutics. This perspective presents a summary of protein-PEG conjugates for therapeutic use and alternative technologies in various stages of development as well as suggestions for future directions. Established methods of producing protein-PEG conjugates and new approaches utilizing controlled radical polymerization are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Pelegri-O'Day
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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48
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Impact of the Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) Effect and Cathepsins Levels on the Activity of Polymer-Drug Conjugates. Polymers (Basel) 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/polym6082186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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49
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Du R, Zhong T, Zhang WQ, Song P, Song WD, Zhao Y, Wang C, Tang YQ, Zhang X, Zhang Q. Antitumor effect of iRGD-modified liposomes containing conjugated linoleic acid-paclitaxel (CLA-PTX) on B16-F10 melanoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:3091-105. [PMID: 25028548 PMCID: PMC4077607 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s65664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we prepared a novel delivery system of iRGD (CRGDK/RGPD/EC)-modified sterically stabilized liposomes (SSLs) containing conjugated linoleic acid–paclitaxel (CLA-PTX). The anti-tumor effect of iRGD-SSL-CLA-PTX was investigated on B16-F10 melanoma in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro targeting effect of iRGD-modified SSLs was investigated in a real-time confocal microscopic analysis experiment. An endocytosis-inhibition assay was used to evaluate the endocytosis pathways of the iRGD-modified SSLs. In addition, the in vitro cellular uptake and in vitro cytotoxicity of iRGD-SSL-CLA-PTX were evaluated in B16-F10 melanoma cells. In vivo biodistribution and in vivo antitumor effects of iRGD-SSL-CLA-PTX were investigated in B16-F10 tumor-bearing mice. The induction of apoptosis by iRGD-SSL-CLA-PTX was evaluated in tumor-tissue sections. Real-time confocal microscopic analysis results indicated that the iRGD-modified SSLs internalized into B16-F10 cells faster than SSLs. The identified endocytosis pathway of iRGD-modified SSLs indicated that energy- and lipid raft-mediated endocytosis played a key role in the liposomes’ cellular uptake. The results of the cellular uptake experiment indicated that the increased cellular uptake of CLA-PTX in the iRGD-SSL-CLA-PTX-treated group was 1.9-, 2.4-, or 2.1-fold compared with that in the CLA-PTX group after a 2-, 4-, or 6-hour incubation, respectively. In the biodistribution test, the CLA-PTX level in tumor tissues from iRGD-SSL-CLA-PTX-treated mice at 1 hour (1.84±0.17 μg/g) and 4 hours (1.17±0.28 μg/g) was 2.3- and 2.0-fold higher than that of CLA-PTX solution at 1 hour (0.79±0.06 μg/g) and 4 hours (0.58±0.04 μg/g). The value of the area under the curve for the first 24 hours in the tumors of iRGD-SSL-CLA-PTX-treated mice was significantly higher than that in the SSL-CLA-PTX and CLA-PTX solution-treated groups (P<0.01). The in vivo antitumor results indicated that iRGD-SSL-CLA-PTX significantly inhibited the growth of B16-F10 tumors compared with the SSL-CLA-PTX or CLA-PTX solution-treatment groups (P<0.01). The results of tumor-cell apoptosis showed that tumors from the iRGD-SSL-CLA-PTX-treated group exhibited more advanced cell apoptosis compared with the control, CLA-PTX solution-, and SSL-CLA-PTX-treated groups. In conclusion, the antitumor effect of iRGD-SSL-CLA-PTX was confirmed on B16-F10 melanoma in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo Du
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing
| | - Ting Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing
| | - Wei-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing
| | - Ping Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing
| | - Wen-Ding Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing
| | - Yi-Qun Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing ; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing ; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing
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50
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Folding graft copolymer with pendant drug segments for co-delivery of anticancer drugs. Biomaterials 2014; 35:7194-203. [PMID: 24875756 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A graft copolymer with pendant drug segments can fold into nanostructures in a protein folding-like manner. The graft copolymer is constructed by directly polymerizing γ-camptothecin-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride (Glu(CPT)-NCA) on multiple sites of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based main chain via the ring open polymerization (ROP). The "purely" conjugated anticancer agent camptothecin (CPT) is hydrophobic and serves as the principal driving force during the folding process. When exposed to water, the obtained copolymer, together with doxorubicin (Dox), another anticancer agent, can fold into monodispersed nanocarriers (with a diameter of around 50 nm) for dual-drug delivery. Equipped with a PEG shell, the nanocarriers displayed good stability and can be internalized by a variety of cancer cell lines via the lipid raft and clathrin-mediated endocytotic pathway without premature leakage, which showed a high synergetic activity of CPT and Dox toward various cancer cells. In vivo study validated that the nanocarriers exhibited strong accumulation in tumor sites and showed a prominent anticancer activity against the lung cancer xenograft mice model compared with free drugs.
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