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Machado VG, Brun ABS, Manffra EF. Effects of the radio electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) on motor disorders: An integrative review. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 5:1122245. [PMID: 36923595 PMCID: PMC10009233 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2023.1122245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The radio electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) is a technology that has the purpose of restoring the cellular polarity triggering the rebalancing of the endogenous bioelectric field, which considering the neurological dysfunctions, affects the neural communication mechanisms. The studies published so far show that the REAC neuromodulation technology has positive effects in treating these dysfunctions, with the principles of endogenous bioelectricity as a basis to achieve these effects. Objectives This study aims to review the literature that explored the effects of REAC protocols on motor control and to identify which mechanisms would be involved. Materials and methods This integrative review considered studies that used REAC as a therapeutic intervention directed at human motor control and experimental research with animals that applied REAC to obtain effects related to motor behavior. Results Ten articles were included, eight clinical and two experimental studies. The clinical studies used the neuro postural optimization (NPO) protocol in 473 patients, of which 53 were healthy subjects, 91 were Alzheimer's disease patients, 128 were patients with atypical swallowing, 12 subjects with neurological diseases, and 189 were without the specification of disease. The experimental studies used the antalgic neuromodulation and neurodegeneration protocols in animal models. Conclusion The information integrated in this review made it possible to consider REAC technology a promising resource for treating motor control dysfunctions. It is possible to infer that the technology promotes functional optimization of neuronal circuits that may be related to more efficient strategies to perform motor tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Gomes Machado
- Health Technology Graduate Program, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Rinaldi A, Martins MCM, Maioli M, Rinaldi S, Fontani V. REAC Noninvasive Neurobiological Stimulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder for Alleviating Stress Impact. ADVANCES IN NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2022; 7:244-251. [PMID: 36213521 PMCID: PMC9525921 DOI: 10.1007/s41252-022-00293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms can become more evident because of different factors. Among these, depression, anxiety, and stress play an important role. Additionally, several studies have revealed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on participants with ASD. In previous studies, two noninvasive neurobiological stimulation treatments with radio electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) technology, called neuropostural optimization (NPO) and neuropsychophysical optimization (NPPO), were shown to be effective in improving the subjective response to environmental stressors in the general population and in ASD population. Based on the proven efficacy of REAC NPO and NPPOs treatments in alleviating anxiety, stress, and depression, the purpose of this study is to verify how these treatments can reduce the severity of ASD symptoms expression, which is aggravated by depression, anxiety, and stress. The treatments' effects were perceived by caregivers and assessed by the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC). Methods This study involved 46 children with a previous diagnosis of ASD made using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised. The participants received one session of NPO treatment and one NPPOs treatment cycle of 18 sessions, administered within approximately 3 weeks. The Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) was used to evaluate the efficacy of the REAC treatments. ATEC allows to evaluate four clusters (speech or language communication; sociability; sensory or cognitive awareness; and health/physical/behavior) through a numerical scale that measures increasing levels of ASD severity. Results The comparison between the scores of the ATEC administered pre- and post-REAC treatments highlighted an improvement of ASD symptoms in each of the four clusters of ATEC. Conclusions The results confirm the usefulness of REAC treatments to optimize the individual response to environmental stressors and reduce the symptomatic expression and deficits present in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Rinaldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Adaptive Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy
| | - Márcia C. Marins Martins
- International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization With REAC Technology, Brazilian Branch, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Margherita Maioli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rinaldi
- Department of Adaptive Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy
- Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, Italy
| | - Vania Fontani
- Department of Adaptive Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy
- Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, Italy
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Fontani V, Rinaldi A, Rinaldi C, Araldi L, Azzarà A, Carta AM, Casale N, Castagna A, Del Medico M, Di Stasio M, Facchini M, Greco M, LaMarca S, Loro G, Marrone A, Palattella A, Pellegata G, Ruini D, Schmitt C, Vianini F, Maioli M, Ventura C, Caltabiano F, Bueno AJ, Fugino Matuoka A, Massahiro Nabechima E, Bechelli FA, da Silveira Bossi F, Nitschke Fontana GC, Finkielsztejn J, Coelho Pereira JA, Nunes Callegaro J, Vasconcelos Pinheiro K, Ferreira Alves LR, Kodja Daguer M, Marins Martins MC, Bezerra Uliana M, Knop Zisman N, Cezar Schütz P, Fochesato PR, Celso Felipe de Castro P, Tanaka Nabechima RM, Randon RB, Rinaldi S. Long-Lasting Efficacy of Radio Electric Asymmetric Conveyer Neuromodulation Treatment on Functional Dysmetria, an Adaptive Motor Behavior. Cureus 2022; 14:e25768. [PMID: 35706441 PMCID: PMC9187162 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) is widely defined as the deviation from perfect bilateral symmetry and is considered an epigenetic measure of environmental stress. Rinaldi and Fontani hypothesized that the FA morpho-functional changes originate from an adaptive motor behavior determined by functional alterations in the cerebellum and neural circuits, not caused by a lesion, but induced by environmental stress. They called this phenomenon functional dysmetria (FD). On this premise, they developed the radio electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) technology, a neuromodulation technology aimed at optimizing the best neuro-psycho-motor strategies in relation to environmental interaction. Aims Previous studies showed that specific REAC neuro postural optimization (NPO) treatment can induce stable FD recovery. This study aimed to verify the duration of the NPO effect in inducing the stable FD recovery over time. Materials and methods Data were retrospectively collected from a population of 29,794 subjects who underwent a specific semiological FD assessment and received the NPO treatment, regardless of the pathology referred. Results The analysis of the data collected by the various participants in the study led us to ascertain the disappearance of FD in 100% of the cases treated, with a stability of the result detected up to 18 years after the single administration of the REAC NPO treatment. Conclusions The REAC NPO neurobiological modulation treatment consisting of a single administration surprisingly maintains a very long efficacy in the correction of FD. This effect can be explained as the long-lasting capacity of the NPO treatment to induce greater functional efficiency of the brain dynamics as proven in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Fontani
- Research, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, ITA
- Regenerative Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, ITA
| | | | - Chiara Rinaldi
- Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Area and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, ITA
| | - Laura Araldi
- Internal Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | - Alida Azzarà
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | - Antonio M Carta
- Internal Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | - Nicoletta Casale
- Internal Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | | | - Maurizio Del Medico
- Medical Physics, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | - Maurizio Di Stasio
- Internal Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | - Marina Facchini
- Neurology, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | - Monica Greco
- Geriatrics, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | - Savino LaMarca
- Oral Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | - Giovanni Loro
- Diabetes and Endocrinology, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | - Anna Marrone
- Internal Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | - Alessandra Palattella
- Psychiatry, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | - Giulio Pellegata
- Anesthesiology, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | - Daniele Ruini
- Family Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | - Corrado Schmitt
- Internal Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | - Franco Vianini
- Internal Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | | | - Carlo Ventura
- Cardiology and Microbiology, National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Bologna, ITA
| | - Franco Caltabiano
- Surgery and Urology, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | - Adriano J Bueno
- Orthopaedics, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Amélia Fugino Matuoka
- Internal Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Edison Massahiro Nabechima
- Internal Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Fabio A Bechelli
- Internal Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Fabricio da Silveira Bossi
- Surgery, Endoscopy and Gastroenterology, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Greice C Nitschke Fontana
- Internal Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Jaques Finkielsztejn
- Internal Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | | | - Juarez Nunes Callegaro
- Psychiatry, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Kleiner Vasconcelos Pinheiro
- Integrative/Complementary Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Lara R Ferreira Alves
- Internal Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Marcelo Kodja Daguer
- Orthopaedics, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Márcia C Marins Martins
- Pediatrics, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Mauricio Bezerra Uliana
- Orthopaedics, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Nelson Knop Zisman
- Internal Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Paulo Cezar Schütz
- Orthopaedics, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Paulo R Fochesato
- Internal Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | | | - Rosa M Tanaka Nabechima
- Internal Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Roseli B Randon
- Pediatrics, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Salvatore Rinaldi
- Research, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, ITA
- Regenerative Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, ITA
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Pinheiro Barcessat AR, Nolli Bittencourt M, Góes Gonçalves R, Goncalves de Oliveira Cruz AV, Coelho Pereira JA, Bechelli FA, Rinaldi A. REAC Neuromodulation Treatments in Depression, Anxiety and Stress. A Comparative Retrospective Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2020; 13:1247-1256. [PMID: 33376420 PMCID: PMC7762445 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s287143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the effects of two different modalities of administration of the neuro psycho physical optimization (NPPO) neuromodulation treatment, applied with radio electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) biotechnology devices. Both the modalities are aimed at improving the strategies to deal with and optimize the allostatic response to environmental stressors and exposome. This allows to reduce the dysfunctional adaptive behavior patterns, which underlie many neuropsychological symptoms and pathologies, and to improve the symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Materials and Methods From a population of subjects experiencing at least two of the three symptoms depression, anxiety and stress, the selection of pre and post-treatment Depression, Anxiety, Stress 21 items scale (DASS 21) data was made proceeding with a reverse chronological recruitment mechanism, until reaching 150 subjects for each of the 2 groups. The first group was treated with the neuro psycho physical optimization treatment (NPPO), which is the punctiform modality of administration on the auricle pavilion, and the second group was treated with the neuro psycho physical optimization treatment, which is the area modality of administration applied by the planar probe on the cervicobrachial area (NPPO-CB). Results The Wilcoxon signs test confirmed the differences in scores in pre and post-treatment DASS-21. The comparison between the two groups data and the comparison across groups data showed that NPPO and NPPO-CB have the same efficacy in reducing the symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, after a single treatment cycle. Statistical significance was set at p <0.05. Discussion This is the first efficacy descriptive comparison between the two different modalities of administration of the NPPO treatment, as different options for the same clinical indication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rebeca Góes Gonçalves
- Health and Biological Sciences Department, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fabio Augusto Bechelli
- International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Brazilian Branch, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arianna Rinaldi
- Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, Italy.,Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy
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Pinheiro Barcessat AR, Nolli Bittencourt M, Duarte Ferreira L, de Souza Neri E, Coelho Pereira JA, Bechelli F, Rinaldi A. REAC Cervicobrachial Neuromodulation Treatment of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2020; 13:929-937. [PMID: 33204186 PMCID: PMC7665519 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s275730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In addition to the effects of coronavirus infection, the Covid-19 pandemic has induced widespread psychosocial distress, which has triggered the onset of anxious and depressive states, reactive to the socio-relational and economic situation induced by the pandemic. Some of our participants showed depressive and anxious attitudes even in the absence of real pictures of depression and anxiety. This phenomenon, combined with mechanisms of emulation and conditioning, can trigger a vicious cycle within interpersonal relationships and promote the administration of unnecessary treatments. Various approaches have been proposed to help populations suffering from psychosocial problems induced by the Covid-19 pandemic, but there is an objective difficulty in treating a large population. Methods To contain and reduce this widespread psychosocial unease, in this study we used two radio electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) technology neuromodulation treatments, neuro postural optimization (NPO) and neuropsychophysical optimization-cervicobrachial (NPPO-CB), aimed at optimizing an individual's response to the effects of environmental stressors. These treatments are quick and easy to administer; therefore, they can be administered to a large cohort of participants in a short time. To evaluate the effects of the REAC NPO and NPPO-CB treatments, the DASS-21 psychometric test was used because it has already been used to test depression, anxiety, and stress during the Covid-19 pandemic. Results The results of the study confirm the usefulness of REAC NPO and NPPO-CB treatments in helping participants to have better coping strategies for the environmental pressures and reduce the neuropsychological and behavioral effects induced by the Covid-19 pandemic. Discussion The results obtained in this study are consistent with previous clinical studies confirming the usefulness of the treatments to face neuropsychological and behavioral effects induced by exposome pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Erick de Souza Neri
- Health and Biological Sciences Department, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio Bechelli
- International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arianna Rinaldi
- Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, Italy.,Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy
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Rinaldi A, Rinaldi C, Coelho Pereira JA, Lotti Margotti M, Bittencourt MN, Barcessat ARP, Fontani V, Rinaldi S. Radio electric asymmetric conveyer neuromodulation in depression, anxiety, and stress. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:469-480. [PMID: 30858704 PMCID: PMC6387613 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s195466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of specific neuromodulation treatments performed with radio electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) technology in the treatment of the symptomatic triad depression, anxiety, and stress by the use of a specific psychometric test such as the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-42 items (DASS-42) version, which assesses simultaneously the severity of expression of this triad. PATIENTS AND METHODS The design of this study was planned to compare two populations that performed DASS-42 test twice within a similar period of time. The first population performed the first DASS test before the treatment and the second test about 3 months later, at the end of two specific REAC neuromodulation treatments, neuropostural optimization (NPO) and neuropsychophysical optimization (NPPO), that have previously shown an efficacy in the treatment of depression, anxiety and stress. The second population (untreated), used as the randomized control group, consisted of a similar group by gender and age, who performed the DASS-42 test in an online platform twice, with an interval of about 3 months between the first and second tests, similar to the interval between the two tests in the treated group. RESULTS The comparison between the treated group and the control group points out the REAC treatment efficacy in improving the quality of life. At the second DASS-42 test, self-administered about 3 months after the treatments, treated patients were positioned on average values of much milder severity in all the three clusters, depression, anxiety, and stress, while in untreated patients there was no significant difference between the mean values of the first and second DASS tests. CONCLUSION The results obtained in this study, evaluated with the DASS-42 test, confirm that REAC-NPO and REAC-NPPO neuromodulation treatments can be useful tools for the clinical treatment of depression, anxiety, and stress, as already proven by previous results evaluated with different psychometric tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Rinaldi
- Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy, .,Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, Italy,
| | - Chiara Rinaldi
- Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy, .,Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, Italy,
| | | | - Matteo Lotti Margotti
- Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy, .,Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, Italy,
| | | | | | - Vania Fontani
- Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy, .,Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, Italy,
| | - Salvatore Rinaldi
- Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy, .,Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, Italy,
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Coelho Pereira JA, Rinaldi A, Fontani V, Rinaldi S. REAC neuromodulation treatments in subjects with severe socioeconomic and cultural hardship in the Brazilian state of Pará: a family observational pilot study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:1047-1054. [PMID: 29713174 PMCID: PMC5909792 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s161646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this preliminary observational study was to evaluate the usefulness of a humanitarian initiative, aimed at improving the neuropsychological and behavioral attitude of children with severe socioeconomic and cultural hardship, in the Brazilian state of Pará. This humanitarian initiative was realized through the administration of two neuromodulation protocols, with radioelectric asymmetric conveyor (REAC) technology. During several years of clinical use, the REAC neuromodulation protocols have already proved to be effective in countering the effects of environmental stress on neuropsycho-physical functions. PATIENTS AND METHODS After the preliminary medical examination, all subjects were investigated with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), including the impact supplement with teacher's report. After the SDQ, they received the neuromodulation treatment with REAC technology named neuro postural optimization (NPO), to evaluate their responsiveness. Subsequently, every 3 months all subjects underwent a treatment cycle of neuropsycho-physical optimization (NPPO) with REAC technology, for a total of three cycles. At the end of the last REAC-NPPO treatment cycle, all subjects were investigated once again with the SDQ. For the adequacy of the data, the Wilcoxon and the Signs tests were used. For the subdivision into clusters, the Kruskal-Wallis test was applied for the adequacy of the procedure. For all the applied tests, a statistical significance of p<0.5 was found. RESULTS The results showed that the REAC-NPO and REAC-NPPO neuromodulation protocols are able to improve the quality of life, the scholastic and socialization skills, and the overall state of physical and mental health in children of a family with severe socioeconomic and cultural hardship. CONCLUSION The REAC-NPO and REAC-NPPO neuromodulation protocols, due to their non-invasive characteristics, painlessness, and speed of administration, can be hypothesized as a treatment to improve the overall state of physical and mental health in a large number of people with socioeconomic and cultural discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianna Rinaldi
- Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, Italy
- Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy
| | - Vania Fontani
- Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, Italy
- Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rinaldi
- Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, Italy
- Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy
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Radio Electric Asymmetric Conveyer Technology Modulates Neuroinflammation in a Mouse Model of Neurodegeneration. Neurosci Bull 2017; 34:270-282. [PMID: 29124672 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of Radio Electric Asymmetric Conveyer (REAC), a non-invasive physical treatment, on neuroinflammatory responses in a mouse model of parkinsonism induced by intoxication with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), were investigated in vivo. We found that the REAC tissue optimization treatment specific for neuro-regenerative purposes (REAC TO-RGN-N) attenuated the inflammatory picture evoked by MPTP-induced nigro-striatal damage in mice, decreasing the levels of pro-inflammatory molecules and increasing anti-inflammatory mediators. Besides, there was a significant reduction of both astrocyte and microglial activation in MPTP-treated mice exposed to REAC TO-RGN-N. These results indicated that REAC TO-RGN-N treatment modulates the pro-inflammatory responses and reduces neuronal damage in MPTP-induced parkinsonism.
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Kar SK, Sarkar S. Neuro-stimulation Techniques for the Management of Anxiety Disorders: An Update. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2016; 14:330-337. [PMID: 27776384 PMCID: PMC5083940 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2016.14.4.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuro-stimulation techniques have gradually evolved over the decades and have emerged potential therapeutic modalities for the treatment of psychiatric disorders, especially treatment refractory cases. The neuro-stimulation techniques involves modalities like electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and others. This review discusses the role of neuro-stimulation techniques in the treatment of anxiety disorders. The various modalities of neuro-stimulation techniques are briefly discussed. The evidence base relating to use of these techniques in the treatment of anxiety disorders is discussed further. The review then highlights the challenges in conducting research in relation to the use of neuro-stimulation techniques with reference to patients with anxiety disorders. The review provides the future directions of research and aimed at expanding the evidence base of treatment of anxiety disorders and providing neuro-stimulation techniques as promising effective and acceptable alternative in select cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujita Kumar Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Siddharth Sarkar
- Department of Psychiatry and National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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10
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Zippo AG, Rinaldi S, Pellegata G, Caramenti GC, Valente M, Fontani V, Biella GEM. Electrophysiological effects of non-invasive Radio Electric Asymmetric Conveyor (REAC) on thalamocortical neural activities and perturbed experimental conditions. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18200. [PMID: 26658170 PMCID: PMC4676007 DOI: 10.1038/srep18200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The microwave emitting Radio Electric Asymmetric Conveyor (REAC) is a technology able to interact with biological tissues at low emission intensity (2 mW at the emitter and 2.4 or 5.8 GHz) by inducing radiofrequency generated microcurrents. It shows remarkable biological effects at many scales from gene modulations up to functional global remodeling even in human subjects. Previous REAC experiments by functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) on healthy human subjects have shown deep modulations of cortical BOLD signals. In this paper we studied the effects of REAC application on spontaneous and evoked neuronal activities simultaneously recorded by microelectrode matrices from the somatosensory thalamo-cortical axis in control and chronic pain experimental animal models. We analyzed the spontaneous spiking activity and the Local Field Potentials (LFPs) before and after REAC applied with a different protocol. The single neuron spiking activities, the neuronal responses to peripheral light mechanical stimuli, the population discharge synchronies as well as the correlations and the network dynamic connectivity characteristics have been analyzed. Modulations of the neuronal frequency associated with changes of functional correlations and significant LFP temporal realignments have been diffusely observed. Analyses by topological methods have shown changes in functional connectivity with significant modifications of the network features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio G Zippo
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, Dept. of Bio-Medicine, National Research Council (CNR), LITA Bldg., Via Fratelli Cervi, 93, 20090 Segrate (Milan), Italy
| | - Salvatore Rinaldi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Viale Belfiore 43, 50144 Florence, Italy.,Department of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Viale Belfiore 43, 50144 Florence, Italy.,Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation - NPO, Viale Belfiore 43, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Giulio Pellegata
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, Dept. of Bio-Medicine, National Research Council (CNR), LITA Bldg., Via Fratelli Cervi, 93, 20090 Segrate (Milan), Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Caramenti
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, National Research Council, (CNR), LITA Bldg., Via Fratelli Cervi, 93, 20090 Segrate (Milan), Italy
| | - Maurizio Valente
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, Dept. of Bio-Medicine, National Research Council (CNR), LITA Bldg., Via Fratelli Cervi, 93, 20090 Segrate (Milan), Italy
| | - Vania Fontani
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Viale Belfiore 43, 50144 Florence, Italy.,Department of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Viale Belfiore 43, 50144 Florence, Italy.,Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation - NPO, Viale Belfiore 43, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriele E M Biella
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, Dept. of Bio-Medicine, National Research Council (CNR), LITA Bldg., Via Fratelli Cervi, 93, 20090 Segrate (Milan), Italy
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Rinaldi S, Calzà L, Giardino L, Biella GEM, Zippo AG, Fontani V. Radio electric asymmetric conveyer: a novel neuromodulation technology in Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. Front Psychiatry 2015; 6:22. [PMID: 25741289 PMCID: PMC4330882 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Global research in the field of pharmacology has not yet found effective drugs to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, alternative therapeutic strategies are under investigation, such as neurostimulation by physical means. Radio electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) is one of these technologies and has, until now, been used in clinical studies on several psychiatric and neurological disorders with encouraging results in the absence of side effects. Moreover, studies at the cellular level have shown that REAC technology, with the appropriate protocols, is able to induce neuronal differentiation both in murine embryonic cells and in human adult differentiated cells. Other studies have shown that REAC technology is able to positively influence senescence processes. Studies conducted on AD patients and in transgenic mouse models have shown promising results, suggesting REAC could be a useful therapy for certain components of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Rinaldi
- Rinaldi Fontani Foundation , Florence , Italy ; Department of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute , Florence , Italy ; Department of Regenerative Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute , Florence , Italy
| | - Laura Calzà
- IRET Foundation , Ozzano dell'Emilia , Italy ; Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Luciana Giardino
- IRET Foundation , Ozzano dell'Emilia , Italy ; Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Gabriele E M Biella
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council , Segrate , Italy
| | - Antonio G Zippo
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council , Segrate , Italy
| | - Vania Fontani
- Rinaldi Fontani Foundation , Florence , Italy ; Department of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute , Florence , Italy ; Department of Regenerative Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute , Florence , Italy
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Long-lasting changes in brain activation induced by a single REAC technology pulse in Wi-Fi bands. Randomized double-blind fMRI qualitative study. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5668. [PMID: 25011544 PMCID: PMC4092330 DOI: 10.1038/srep05668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this randomized double-blind study was to evaluate in healthy adult subjects, with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), long lasting changes in brain activation patterns following administration of a single, 250 milliseconds pulse emitted with radio-electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) technology in the Wi-Fi bands. The REAC impulse was not administered during the scan, but after this, according to a protocol that has previously been demonstrated to be effective in improving motor control and postural balance, in healthy subjects and patients. The study was conducted on 33 healthy volunteers, performed with a 1.5 T unit while operating a motor block task involving cyclical and alternating flexion and extension of one leg. Subsequently subjects were randomly divided into a treatment and a sham treatment control group. Repeated fMRI examinations were performed following the administration of the REAC pulse or sham treatment. The Treated group showed cerebellar and ponto-mesencephalic activation components that disappeared in the second scan, while these activation components persisted in the Sham group. This study shows that a very weak signal, such as 250 milliseconds Wi-Fi pulse, administered with REAC technology, could lead to lasting effects on brain activity modification.
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Rinaldi S, Maioli M, Santaniello S, Castagna A, Pigliaru G, Gualini S, Margotti ML, Carta A, Fontani V, Ventura C. Regenerative treatment using a radioelectric asymmetric conveyor as a novel tool in antiaging medicine: an in vitro beta-galactosidase study. Clin Interv Aging 2012; 7:191-4. [PMID: 22807628 PMCID: PMC3396051 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s33312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Beta-galactosidase is the most widely used biomarker for highlighting the processes of cellular aging, including neurodegeneration. On this basis, we decided to test in vitro whether a set of rescuing/reparative events previously observed by us in subjects treated with radioelectric asymmetric conveyor (REAC) technology may also involve antagonism of a marker of aging-related degenerative processes, as assessed by a reduction in beta-galactosidase at the cellular level. Methods Human adipose-derived stem cells were cultured at different passages, ranging from 5 to 20, with or without REAC exposure for 12 hours. The cells were then processed for biochemical beta-galactosidase staining and morphological microscopy analysis. Results We observed a significant reduction in expression of senescence associated-beta-galactosidase, and a persistence of fibroblast-like morphology typical of human adipose-derived stem cells, even at late passages. Conclusion Our results indicate the ability of REAC technology to counteract in vitro senescence of human adipose-derived stem cells, and prompt the hypothesis that such technology may be exploited to antagonize in vivo senescence of tissue-resident or transplanted stem cells playing an important role in clinical treatment of age-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Rinaldi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence.
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Mura M, Castagna A, Fontani V, Rinaldi S. Preliminary pilot fMRI study of neuropostural optimization with a noninvasive asymmetric radioelectric brain stimulation protocol in functional dysmetria. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2012; 8:149-54. [PMID: 22536071 PMCID: PMC3333783 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s29971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study assessed changes in functional dysmetria (FD) and in brain activation observable by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a leg flexion-extension motor task following brain stimulation with a single radioelectric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) pulse, according to the precisely defined neuropostural optimization (NPO) protocol. POPULATION AND METHODS Ten healthy volunteers were assessed using fMRI conducted during a simple motor task before and immediately after delivery of a single REAC-NPO pulse. The motor task consisted of a flexion-extension movement of the legs with the knees bent. FD signs and brain activation patterns were compared before and after REAC-NPO. RESULTS A single 250-millisecond REAC-NPO treatment alleviated FD, as evidenced by patellar asymmetry during a sit-up motion, and modulated activity patterns in the brain, particularly in the cerebellum, during the performance of the motor task. CONCLUSION Activity in brain areas involved in motor control and coordination, including the cerebellum, is altered by administration of a REAC-NPO treatment and this effect is accompanied by an alleviation of FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mura
- Institute of Radiology, University of Cagliari, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Castagna
- Rinaldi Fontani Institute – Department of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Florence, Italy
| | - Vania Fontani
- Rinaldi Fontani Institute – Department of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rinaldi
- Rinaldi Fontani Institute – Department of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Florence, Italy
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Fontani V, Rinaldi S, Castagna A, Margotti ML. Noninvasive radioelectric asymmetric conveyor brain stimulation treatment improves balance in individuals over 65 suffering from neurological diseases: pilot study. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2012; 8:73-8. [PMID: 22368448 PMCID: PMC3284218 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s28812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In the elderly population, problems with walking and balance are very common. These problems seriously affect the quality of life of the elderly. When gait and balance problems are caused by neurological disease, these problems can be more serious and difficult to handle. The aim of this pilot study was to verify the effect of a noninvasive radioelectric conveyor asymmetric brain stimulation protocol, named neuropostural optimization (NPO), to improve balance in neurological elderly. Patients and methods Twelve patients suffering from various neurological diseases participated in this study. They were assessed with the Romberg test, which was performed on a computerized stabilometric platform before, immediately following, and 72 hours after NPO was used to improve balance. Results The results showed that a stabilization of balance was recorded in all subjects a few minutes after administration of NPO. This stabilization increased 72 hours after treatment. Conclusion The results show that NPO could be a valuable therapeutic approach to improve sensory-motor strategies and neurological control of balance in elderly patients suffering from various neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Fontani
- Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy
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Fontani V, Aravagli L, Margotti ML, Castagna A, Mannu P, Rinaldi S. Neuropsychophysical optimization by REAC technology in the treatment of: sense of stress and confusion. Psychometric evaluation in a randomized, single blind, sham-controlled naturalistic study. Patient Prefer Adherence 2012; 6:195-9. [PMID: 22536055 PMCID: PMC3333817 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s29734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of neuropsychophysical optimization (NPPO) protocol treatment by radioelectric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) technology in the management of sense of stress and confusion (SSC); an analysis of a single cluster of the psychological stress measure (PSM) test. PATIENTS AND METHODS The PSM, a self-administered questionnaire, was used to measure psychological stress and SSC for a group of 888 subjects. Data were collected immediately prior to and following the 4-week REAC-NPPO treatment cycle. RESULTS This study demonstrates a significant reduction in scores measuring subjective perceptions of stress for subjects treated with one cycle of REAC-NPPO. At the end-point of the study, the number of treated subjects reporting symptoms of stress-related SSC on the PSM test was significantly reduced, whereas there was no difference in sham-treated subjects. CONCLUSION One cycle of REAC-NPPO appears to reduce subjective perceptions of SSC measured by the PSM. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial has been registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry as ACTRN12607000497404.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Fontani
- Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Aravagli
- Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Lotti Margotti
- Department of Information Technology and Statistical Analysis, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Castagna
- Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy
| | - Piero Mannu
- Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rinaldi
- Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: Salvatore Rinaldi, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Viale Belfiore 43, 50144 Florence, Italy, Tel +39 055 290307, Fax +39 055 290399, Email
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Fontani V, Rinaldi S, Aravagli L, Mannu P, Castagna A, Margotti ML. Noninvasive radioelectric asymmetric brain stimulation in the treatment of stress-related pain and physical problems: psychometric evaluation in a randomized, single-blind placebo-controlled, naturalistic study. Int J Gen Med 2011; 4:681-6. [PMID: 22069368 PMCID: PMC3206109 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s24628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of noninvasive radioelectric asymmetric conveyer brain stimulation (REAC-BS) on pain and physical problems, a measurement cluster of the Psychological Stress Measure (PSM) test. When the symptoms of pain and physical problems do not respond to various therapeutic approaches such as medication, physiotherapy, and psychotherapy, they are often called medically unexplained symptoms. As such, these symptoms are reported to be a response to stressful situations or emotional states, often unknown to patients themselves. To explore the effectiveness of noninvasive radioelectric brain stimulation in the amelioration of symptoms of pain and physical problems, we administered a neuropsychophysical optimization protocol using a REAC device. Methods The PSM, a self-administered questionnaire, was used to measure psychological stress and pain and physical problems in a group of 888 subjects. Data were collected immediately prior to and following a 4-week REAC treatment cycle. Results There was a significant reduction in scores measuring subjective perceptions of stress for subjects treated with one cycle of neuropsychophysical optimization REAC-BS. At the end of the study, the number of treated subjects reporting symptoms of stress-related pain and physical problems on the PSM test was significantly reduced, whereas there was no difference in placebo-treated subjects. Conclusion One cycle of neuropsychophysical optimization REAC-BS appears to reduce subjective perceptions of stress as measured by the PSM, particularly on the pain and physical problems cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Fontani
- Rinaldi-Fontani Institute, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Castagna A, Fontani V, Rinaldi S, Mannu P. Radio electric tissue optimization in the treatment of surgical wounds. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2011; 4:133-7. [PMID: 21931498 PMCID: PMC3173014 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s24090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To report preliminary results with the tissue optimization (TO) treatment with a radio electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) in promoting the repair of surgical wounds. Patients and methods Two subjects, a 54-year-old male with a tear bruise on the upper third of the leg and a 19-year-old female with a stab wound to the hand, were treated with 12 REAC-TO treatment sessions. Results In both patients, the wounds showed shorter healing time compared with the time usually required for similar wounds, and good repair quality. Conclusion REAC device with its specific treatment protocols may be an alternative therapy for wound healing.
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Rinaldi S, Fontani V, Aravagli L, Mannu P, Castagna A, Margotti ML, Rosettani B. Stress-related psycho-physiological disorders: randomized single blind placebo controlled naturalistic study of psychometric evaluation using a radio electric asymmetric treatment. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2011; 9:54. [PMID: 21771304 PMCID: PMC3150240 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7525-9-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of a radio electric asymmetric treatment on psycho-physiological disorders (PPD). PPD are often stress related and are under the unconscious control of the patient and cannot be traced back to any serious physical disease. The brain stimulation treatment protocol used is called Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization (NPPO) with a Radio Electric Asymmetric Conveyer (REAC) device. Methods Psychological stress and PPD were measured for a group of 888 subjects using the Psychological Stress Measure (PSM) test, a self-administered questionnaire. Data were collected immediately before and after the 4-weeks of REAC treatment cycle. Results This study showed a significant reduction in scores measuring subjective perceptions of stress for subjects treated with a cycle of NPPO REAC treatment. At the end-point the number of subjects reporting symptoms of stress-related PPD on the PSM test was significantly reduced, whereas in the placebo group the difference was not significant. Conclusion A cycle of NPPO treatment with REAC was shown to reduce subjective perceptions of stress measured by the PSM test and in particular on PPD. Trial Registration This trial has been registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) with the number: ACTRN12607000463471.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Rinaldi
- Department of Neuro-Psycho-Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Viale Belfiore 43, Florence 50144, Italy.
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Rinaldi S, Fontani V, Castagna A. Brain activity modification produced by a single radioelectric asymmetric brain stimulation pulse: a new tool for neuropsychiatric treatments. Preliminary fMRI study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2011; 7:649-54. [PMID: 22090800 PMCID: PMC3215521 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s26123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Radioelectric asymmetric brain stimulation technology with its treatment protocols has shown efficacy in various psychiatric disorders. The aim of this work was to highlight the mechanisms by which these positive effects are achieved. The current study was conducted to determine whether a single 500-millisecond radioelectric asymmetric conveyor (REAC) brain stimulation pulse (BSP), applied to the ear, can effect a modification of brain activity that is detectable using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS Ten healthy volunteers, six females and four males, underwent fMRI during a simple finger-tapping motor task before and after receiving a single 500-millisecond REAC-BSP. RESULTS The fMRI results indicate that the average variation in task-induced encephalic activation patterns is lower in subjects following the single REAC pulse. CONCLUSION The current report demonstrates that a single REAC-BSP is sufficient to modulate brain activity in awake subjects, able to be measured using fMRI. These initial results open new perspectives into the understanding of the effects of weak and brief radio pulses upon brain activity, and provide the basis for further indepth studies using REAC-BSP and fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Rinaldi
- Department of Neuro-Psycho-Physio Pathology, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy
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Mannu P, Rinaldi S, Fontani V, Castagna A, Margotti ML. Noninvasive brain stimulation by radioelectric asymmetric conveyor in the treatment of agoraphobia: open-label, naturalistic study. Patient Prefer Adherence 2011; 5:575-80. [PMID: 22163156 PMCID: PMC3234899 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s26594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agoraphobia is considered to be the most serious complication of panic disorder. It involves progressive development of debilitating anxiety symptoms related to being in situations where one would be extremely embarrassed and could not be rescued in the case of a panic attack. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of noninvasive brain stimulation using a radioelectric asymmetric conveyor (REAC) for agoraphobia. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-three patients (3 males and 20 females) suffering from agoraphobia and without a history of panic disorder were evaluated by a psychiatrist using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision, and the Agoraphobia Scale (AS). The patients were subjected to two 18-session cycles of noninvasive brain stimulation with the REAC, according to an established therapeutic protocol called neuropsycho-physical optimization. RESULTS Analyzing the anxiety and avoidance parameters of the AS after the first and second cycles of REAC treatment revealed variation in levels of response to treatment, including weak (AS item 7), moderate (AS items 10 and 13), and good responses (AS items 1-6, 8, 9, 11, 12, and 14-20). CONCLUSION These results highlight the potential of the REAC to treat complex clinical situations such as agoraphobia, which is typically resistant to pharmacologic treatments. Furthermore, these data show the advantages of REAC treatment, even compared with modern cognitive behavioral therapy, including a relatively rapid and "stable" clinical response (just over 6 months) and economic cost.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salvatore Rinaldi
- Correspondence: Salvatore Rinaldi, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Viale Belfiore 43, 50144 Florence, Italy, Tel +39 055 290307, Fax +39 055 290399, Email
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Fontani V, Mannu P, Castagna A, Rinaldi S. Social anxiety disorder: radio electric asymmetric conveyor brain stimulation versus sertraline. Patient Prefer Adherence 2011; 5:581-6. [PMID: 22163157 PMCID: PMC3234900 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s27409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a disabling condition that affects almost 5% of the general population. Many types of drugs have shown their efficacy in the treatment of SAD. There are also some data regarding psychotherapies, but no data are available today about the efficacy of brain stimulation techniques. The aim of the study is to compare the efficacy of noninvasive brain stimulation neuro psycho physical optimization (NPPO) protocol performed by radio electric asymmetric conveyor (REAC) with that of sertraline in adults with SAD. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty SAD patients on sertraline were compared with 23 SAD patients who refused any drug treatment and who chose to be treated with NPPO-REAC brain stimulation. This was a 6-month, open-label, naturalistic study. Patients on sertraline received flexible doses, whereas NPPO-REAC patients received two 18-session cycles of treatment. Clinical Global Improvement scale items "much improved" or "very much improved" and Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale total score variation on fear and avoidance components were used to detect the results. The statistical analysis was performed with t-test. All measures <0.05 have been considered statistically significant. RESULTS Ten of 23 subjects on NPPO-REAC and six of the 20 taking sertraline were much improved or very much improved 1 month after the first NPPO-REAC cycle (t1). Sixteen of the subjects on NPPO-REAC and ten of the subjects taking sertraline were much improved or very much improved 1 month after the second NPPO-REAC cycle (t2). In respect of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, at t1 NPPO-REAC resulted in statistically more efficacy for sertraline on both fear and avoidance total scores. At t2, NPPO-REAC resulted in statistically more efficacy for sertraline on fear but not on avoidance. CONCLUSION NPPO-REAC is an effective treatment for SAD, allowing substantial and clinically meaningful reductions in symptoms and disability in comparison with sertraline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Fontani
- Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence
| | - Piero Mannu
- Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence
- Psychic Studies Center, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Castagna
- Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence
| | - Salvatore Rinaldi
- Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence
- Correspondence: Salvatore Rinaldi, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Viale Belfiore 43, 50144 Florence, Italy, Tel +39 055 290307, Fax +39 055 290399, Email
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