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Anishya D, Nagesh S. Assessment of Nasal Aesthetic Parameters in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate - A Retrospective Study. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2024:10556656241261908. [PMID: 38860313 DOI: 10.1177/10556656241261908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess and compare the deviating nasal cephalometric parameters of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) with a control group. The study also aims to correlate the deviating cephalometric parameters with two aesthetic scoring systems. DESIGN A retrospective study. SETTING Dental college and hospital. PARTICIPANTS Pre-treatment lateral cephalograms and extra oral photographs of 20 adult patients with repaired UCLP presenting for orthodontic treatment. 20 patients with age and type of malocclusion matched control were selected. MAIN OUTCOME The nasal cephalometric parameters of patients with UCLP and a control group were compared. The nasolabial region of patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) was scored using Asher McDade Aesthetic Index (AMAI) and Cleft Aesthetic Rating Scale (CARS). The scoring was done by six different groups assessors to study their perception of the nasolabial region. Correlation between cephalometric parameters and the aesthetic scores was done. RESULTS The study found significant differences in nasal length (P = .003) and depth (P < .001) between UCLP and the non-cleft control group. In the aesthetic assessment, orthodontist gave the least scores, while layman group scored the highest. The CARS nose aesthetic scores showed statistically significant high, negative correlation with the nasal length (P = .01). CONCLUSION The cephalometric parameters and the aesthetic indices can be aid the orthodontists in the assessment of nasolabial aesthetics and additionally refer for further definitive rhinoplasty to improve the patient's overall facial aesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphane Anishya
- Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shweta Nagesh
- Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Anjum R, Mahmood S, Nagi AH, Chaudhry S. Facial morphology analysis of children with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate in a local population. Pak J Med Sci 2024; 40:857-863. [PMID: 38827865 PMCID: PMC11140326 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.40.5.8485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To study the facial morphology in children with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate by applying numerical facial analysis on photographs for planning and evaluating treatment outcomes. Methods This descriptive study was conducted from March 2020 to July 2020 in the Department of Oral Pathology, University of Health Sciences and Cleft Lip and Palate Hospital, Lahore Pakistan. A total of 104 patients of both genders with an age range from three months to thirteen years were included. Photographs of the participants were taken to measure facial anthropometrical landmarks including facial height, nose width, mouth width and inter canthal distance. The association between facial measurements with gender and phenotype and across age groups were computed keeping the confidence level at 95%. Results Mean age of the children was 72.43±44.2 months with slight male predominance. Thirty-one percent presented with bilateral cleft lip and palate followed by unilateral cleft lip and plate. Total mean facial height, nose width and mouth width were found to be 143.46±21.52mm, 32.24±5.03mm and 33.71±4.38mm respectively. Intercanthal distance was measured to be 31.04±5.99mm. Statistically significant association was observed between gender and facial height, nose width, mouth width and Intercanthal distance. Conclusion Facial anthropometric measures done on frontal photographs can be used to identify the facial landmarks in children with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate in low resource stings that may help surgeons in getting better aesthetic outcomes. These landmarks vary between ethnic groups therefore these should be specific to a particular race and ethnicity so as to ensure proper aesthetics and improved quality of life for the children of all nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Anjum
- Rabia Anjum, BDS, MPhil. Assistant Professor, Dept of Oral Pathology, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Mahmood
- Saqib Mehmood, MBBS, MSc, PhD. Retd. Professor, Dept of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Pakistan
| | - AH Nagi
- AH Nagi, MBBS, FCPS, PhD. Retd. Professor of Pathology, Dept of Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saima Chaudhry
- Saima Chaudhry, BDS, MPhil, PhD. Professor of Oral Pathology, Director CHPL, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab Pakistan. Adjunct Faculty University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Paiva TS, Andre M, Mattos BS. Facial aesthetic evaluation in patients with repaired cleft lip and palate. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 41:22. [PMID: 31218214 PMCID: PMC6546757 DOI: 10.1186/s40902-019-0205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana S Paiva
- Department of Surgery, Prosthesis and Maxillofacial Traumatology, University of São Paulo Dentistry School, 306 Mato Grosso Street, Office 1301, São Paulo, 01239040 Brazil
| | - Marcia Andre
- Department of Surgery, Prosthesis and Maxillofacial Traumatology, University of São Paulo Dentistry School, 306 Mato Grosso Street, Office 1301, São Paulo, 01239040 Brazil
| | - Beatriz Silva Mattos
- Department of Surgery, Prosthesis and Maxillofacial Traumatology, University of São Paulo Dentistry School, 306 Mato Grosso Street, Office 1301, São Paulo, 01239040 Brazil
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Nguyen VT, Nguyen T, Jagomägi T. Nasolabial aesthetics of patients with repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate: A comparison of three rating methods in two countries. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2018; 46:1385-1389. [PMID: 29861405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to compare nasolabial aesthetics of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) treated in Vietnam and Estonia using three rating methods: five-point aesthetic index, a visual analogue scale (VAS), and reference scores method. METHODS A total of 56 patients with repaired UCLP (23 from Vietnam and 33 from Estonia) were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients' facial and profile photographs were cropped to reveal the nasolabial region and coded. Five examiners rated nasolabial aesthetics of the patients using three methods: five-point aesthetic index, 100 mm VAS, and reference scores method. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to evaluate intrarater and interrater reliabilities. RESULTS The five-point aesthetic index had a higher reliability than VAS and reference scores method. The least aesthetic feature among Vietnamese and Estonian patients was nasal symmetry and nasolabial profile respectively. No differences in nasolabial aesthetics were found between Vietnamese and Estonian patients regardless of the rating methods (p > 0.05) except for nasal symmetry. CONCLUSIONS The five-point aesthetic index seems to produce more reproducible results. There were no significant differences in nasolabial aesthetics between the two countries. Overall average nasolabial appearance results were obtained using different treatment protocols in the two countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Thai Nguyen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Tartu, Raekoja Plats 6, Tartu, 51003, Estonia; Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Ngo Quyen, Hue, Viet Nam.
| | - Toai Nguyen
- Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Ngo Quyen, Hue, Viet Nam
| | - Triin Jagomägi
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Tartu, Raekoja Plats 6, Tartu, 51003, Estonia
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Pietruski P, Majak M, Debski T, Antoszewski B. A novel computer system for the evaluation of nasolabial morphology, symmetry and aesthetics after cleft lip and palate treatment. Part 1: General concept and validation. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2017; 45:491-504. [PMID: 28238558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The need for a widely accepted method suitable for a multicentre quantitative evaluation of facial aesthetics after surgical treatment of cleft lip and palate (CLP) has been emphasized for years. The aim of this study was to validate a novel computer system 'Analyse It Doc' (A.I.D.) as a tool for objective anthropometric analysis of the nasolabial region. MATERIALS AND METHODS An indirect anthropometric analysis of facial photographs was conducted with the A.I.D. system and Adobe Photoshop/ImageJ software. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability and the time required for the analysis were estimated separately for each method and compared. RESULTS Analysis with A.I.D. system was nearly 10-fold faster than that with the reference evaluation method. The A.I.D. system provided strong inter-rater and intra-rater correlations for linear, angular and area measurements of the nasolabial region, as well as a significantly higher accuracy and reproducibility of angular measurements in submental view. No statistically significant inter-method differences were found for other measurements. CONCLUSIONS The hereby presented novel computer system is suitable for simple, time-efficient and reliable multicenter photogrammetric analyses of the nasolabial region in CLP patients and healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Pietruski
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Prof. W. Orlowski Memorial Hospital, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marcin Majak
- Department of Systems and Computer Networks, Faculty of Electronics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Debski
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Prof. W. Orlowski Memorial Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Antoszewski
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Norbert Barlicki Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland
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Pietruski P, Majak M, Pawlowska E, Skiba A, Antoszewski B. A novel computer system for the evaluation of nasolabial morphology, symmetry and aesthetics after cleft lip and palate treatment. Part 2: Comparative anthropometric analysis of patients with repaired unilateral complete cleft lip and palate and healthy individuals. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2017; 45:505-514. [PMID: 28258919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to use a novel system, 'Analyse It Doc' (A.I.D.) for a complex anthropometric analysis of the nasolabial region in patients with repaired unilateral complete cleft lip and palate and in healthy individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS A set of standardized facial photographs in frontal, lateral and submental view have been taken in 50 non-cleft controls (mean age 20.6 years) and 42 patients with repaired unilateral complete cleft and palate (mean age 19.57 years). Then, based on linear, angular and area measurements taken from the digital photographs with the aid of the A.I.D. system, a photogrammetric analysis of intergroup differences in nasolabial morphology and symmetry was conducted. RESULTS Patients with cleft lip and palate differed from the controls in terms of more than half of analysed angular measurements and proportion indices derived from linear and area measurements of the nasolabial region. CONCLUSIONS The findings presented herein imply that despite primary surgical repair, patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate still show some degree of nasolabial dysmorphology. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that the novel computer system is suitable for a reliable, simple and time-efficient anthropometric analysis in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Pietruski
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Prof. W. Orlowski Memorial Hospital, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marcin Majak
- Department of Systems and Computer Networks, Faculty of Electronics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Adam Skiba
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Antoszewski
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Norbert Barlicki Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland
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Ha P, Li C, Shi B. Parent satisfaction with primary repair of paediatric cleft lip in Southwest China. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 46:281-285. [PMID: 27769737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the key factors in relation to parent satisfaction with the primary repair of paediatric cleft lip. One hundred and ninety-five children born with cleft lip and/or palate aged between 3 months and 1 year were recruited, along with their caregivers. All patients underwent primary cleft lip repair, and a telephone interview was held with their main caregivers at 3 months postoperative. The level of satisfaction with each item included in a simplified Cleft Evaluation Profile was ascertained and recorded. Patient clinical data were obtained from the medical records. One hundred and thirty-eight (71%) parents reported satisfaction with the general outcome of surgery. Parents were satisfied with the appearance of the lip and profile of the face, but were dissatisfied with the appearance of the nose and teeth. Mothers of patients showed lower satisfaction levels than fathers and grandparents. Parental satisfaction with the appearance of the lip was lower for patients without a cleft palate than for those with a cleft palate. The results of this study suggest that most Chinese parents of children who undergo primary cleft lip repair express satisfaction with the surgical outcomes. Satisfaction with the appearance of the nose and teeth is low and this needs to be improved. Other factors are likely to influence expressions of satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ha
- Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China Stomatology Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - C Li
- Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China Stomatology Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Stomatology School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - B Shi
- Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China Stomatology Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Stomatology School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors evaluated health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP). METHODS A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in the largest referral facility for treating individuals with CLP in Sergipe state. The authors created 3 groups with 97 subjects each: CLP, family, and control. An initial cognitive evaluation was performed with the Mini-Mental State Examination, and the Medical Outcomes Study 36 item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) was applied to evaluate HRQoL in individuals with sufficient cognitive capacity. RESULTS Individuals with CLP usually had a primary education, were single, and had incomes between 1 and 2 minimum wages, and slightly more than half presented with a transforamen cleft (59.8%). No significant difference was observed in the overall HRQoL score among the 3 groups (cleft: 72.2; family: 70.6; control: 72.5). Individuals with CLP had a lower average on the Emotional Aspects domain of the SF-36 than that in the control group, whereas the CLP group had higher averages in the Vitality domain when compared with their relatives. Men had higher averages on the Physical Function (PF) and Mental Health (MH) domains. Patients operated on at the optimal time (≤12 months of age) had higher mean PF domain scores. CONCLUSIONS Patients with CLP and their families often represent people with low purchasing power, strengthening the socioeconomic inequality. Although the global HRQoL was similar among all groups surveyed, the cleft influenced both the patients and their relatives.
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Stock NM, Feragen KB. Psychological adjustment to cleft lip and/or palate: A narrative review of the literature. Psychol Health 2016; 31:777-813. [DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2016.1143944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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A preliminary observation on interdomal suture through bilateral reverse-J incisions to repair cleft lip nose deformity in the setting of traveling charity programs. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00238-013-0910-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chung EH, Borzabad-Farahani A, Yen SLK. Clinicians and laypeople assessment of facial attractiveness in patients with cleft lip and palate treated with LeFort I surgery or late maxillary protraction. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 77:1446-50. [PMID: 23871270 PMCID: PMC3943337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the changes in the facial attractiveness (FA) in two groups of cleft lip and palate patients with Class III malocclusions treated using LeFort I surgery or late maxillary protraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Standardized pre- and post-treatment photographs were taken of 32 patients (17 corrected by orthognathic surgery and 17 by late maxillary protraction). The photographs were randomized and 42 clinicians and 121 laypeople rated them on a 10-point FA scale via a web-based survey. RESULTS Clinicians' mean FA values increased from 4.45 to 5.16 [95% CI of mean difference (MD), 0.59-0.82, p<0.001] in surgical cases and 4.84 to 5.30 (95% CI of MD, 0.35-0.56, p<0.001) in protraction cases. The laypeople mean FA values increased from 5.07 to 5.54 (95% CI of MD, 0.40-0.53, p<0.001) in surgical cases and 5.51 to 5.68 (95% CI of MD, 0.11-0.23, p<0.001) in protraction cases. When patients combined, laypeople rated FA 0.64 points higher (95% CI, 0.54-0.74, p<0.001) in pre-treatment and 0.38 points higher (95% CI, 0.27-0.48, p<0.05) in post-treatment relative to clinicians. CONCLUSION Both clinicians and laypeople perceived an improvement of FA after both treatments. Laypeople rated FA higher compared to clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hee Chung
- Formerly, Pediatric Dentistry, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ali Borzabad-Farahani
- Orthodontics, Warwick Dentistry, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Formerly, Craniofacial Orthodontics, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles; Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen L-K Yen
- Craniofacial Orthodontics, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles; Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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