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Tesfaye AH, Abate K, Kabito GG, Azale T. Perceived occupational stress and associated factors among primary school teachers in the second wave of COVID-19 in Ethiopia: a multicenter cross-sectional survey. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1156652. [PMID: 37404268 PMCID: PMC10315464 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1156652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Occupational stress (OS) is a psychological state that results from people's perceptions of an imbalance between job demands and their abilities to cope with those demands. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the teaching and learning process and compounded the stress level among teachers due to fear of transmission of the virus and school closures or the difficulty with adherence to the COVOD-19 prevention protocol. This survey study therefore aimed to investigate the prevalence of occupational stress and its associated factors among primary school teachers during the second wave of COVID-19 in western Ethiopia. Method An institution-based cross-sectional survey was employed from April to May 2021. The survey was conducted in Gimbi town among all 672 primary school teachers in western Ethiopia. The standardized Teacher Occupational Stress Scale was used to measure occupational stress in the past 4 months. The data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. The collected data were entered into EpiData version 4.6 and analyzed using Stata version 14 software. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with occupational stress. The statistical significance was considered at a value of p of < 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) to evaluate the strength of associations. Results The response rate was 96.8% (N = 651). The majority, 389 (59.8%) of the study participants were males. The mean (±SD) age was 35.8 (±9.3) years. The prevalence of occupational stress in the second wave of COVID-19 in the past 4 months was 50.1% (n = 326) [95% CI (46.1, 53.9)]. Job dissatisfaction [AOR: 2.06, 95% CI (1.43-2.97)] and high-risk perception of COVID-19 infection [AOR: 2.20; 95% CI (1.46-3.31)] were significantly associated with occupational stress. Conclusion This survey disclosed a high prevalence of occupational stress among primary school teachers during the second wave of COVID-19. Job dissatisfaction and a high-risk perception of COVID-19 infection were significant predictors of the occurrence of occupational stress in school teachers. Enhancing stress management skills and focusing on primary prevention of identified risk factors were advised to curtail the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amensisa Hailu Tesfaye
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kassahun Abate
- West Wellega Zone Labor and Social Affairs Department, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Gebisa Guyasa Kabito
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Telake Azale
- Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Denovan A, Dagnall N, Drinkwater K, Escolà-Gascón Á. Evaluating the psychometric properties of the Chronic Time Pressure Inventory using Rasch analysis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15218. [PMID: 37051412 PMCID: PMC10084821 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic time pressure is a common source of everyday stress and anxiety. Noting this, the Chronic Time Pressure Inventory (CTPI) was designed to measure the construct within general samples. The CTPI was validated using procedures informed by classical test theory. This identified a bifactor solution, comprising a general factor encompassing two overlapping factors: Cognitive Awareness of Time Shortage and Feeling Harried. Furthermore, the CTPI demonstrated good psychometric integrity. Explicitly, internal consistency, satisfactory convergent validity with the Perceived Stress Scale, and measurement invariance. While these outcomes indicated that the CTPI was an effective measure of chronic time pressure, the scale was not subjected to analysis of item-person functioning (i.e., Rasch evaluation). Methods This study accordingly examined the psychometric properties of the CTPI using Rasch analysis. A general sample of 748 (595 females, 153 males) participants completed the measure online. Results Initial findings recommended modification of the response scale. Subsequent analyses revealed unidimensionality, adequate item/person reliability, and gender invariance. Overall, findings confirmed that the CTPI was a valid instrument for assessing perceptions of chronic time pressure within general population samples. Noting the lack of items aligning with higher ability levels, future work should develop the CTPI by adding more complex positively keyed items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Denovan
- People and Performance, The Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Dagnall
- Psychology, The Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Drinkwater
- Psychology, The Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Effects of Work Stress and Period3 Gene Polymorphism and Their Interaction on Sleep Quality of Non-Manual Workers in Xinjiang, China: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116843. [PMID: 35682425 PMCID: PMC9180753 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Work stress has been found to be associated with sleep quality in various occupational groups, and genetic factors such as variable number tandem repeat polymorphism in the Period3 (Per3) gene also influence the circadian sleep-wake process. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the sleep quality status of non-manual workers in Xinjiang, China and to analyse the effects of work stress and Per3 gene polymorphism and their interaction on sleep quality. A cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 1700 non-manual workers in Urumqi, Xinjiang. The work stress and sleep quality of these workers were evaluated using the Effort−Reward Imbalance Inventory (ERI) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Next, 20% of the questionnaire respondents were randomly selected for genetic polymorphism analysis. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was used to determine Per3 gene polymorphism. The detection rate of sleep quality problems differed between the different work stress groups (p < 0.05), suggesting that non-manual workers with high levels of work stress are more likely to have sleep quality problems. Regression analysis revealed that the Per3 gene (OR = 3.315, 95% CI: 1.672−6.574) was the influencing factor for poor sleep quality after adjusting for confounding factors, such as occupation, length of service, education, and monthly income. Interaction analysis showed that Per34/5,5/5 × high work stress (OR = 2.511, 95% CI: 1.635−3.855) had a higher risk of developing sleep quality problems as compared to Per34/4 × low work stress after adjusting for confounding factors. The structural equation modelling showed no mediating effect between work stress and Per3 gene polymorphism. The results of this study show that both work stress and Per3 gene polymorphism independently affect sleep quality of nonmanual workers from Xinjiang, and the interaction between these two factors may increase the risk of sleep quality problems. Therefore, to improve sleep quality, individuals with genetic susceptibility should avoid or reduce as much as possible self-stimulation by work-related exposures such as high levels of external work stress.
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García-Tudela Á, Simonelli-Muñoz AJ, Rivera-Caravaca JM, Fortea MI, Simón-Sánchez L, González-Moro MTR, González-Moro JMR, Jiménez-Rodríguez D, Gallego-Gómez JI. Stress in Emergency Healthcare Professionals: The Stress Factors and Manifestations Scale. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074342. [PMID: 35410024 PMCID: PMC8998299 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Healthcare workers are continuously exposed to a high level of stress, especially emergency department professionals. In the present research, we aimed to determine the internal consistency and validity of the Stress Factors and Manifestations Scale for in-hospital and out-of-hospital emergency workers. Methods: A quantitative, prospective, cross-sectional, and observational study including 269 emergency service professionals. Results: The scale was composed of 21 items, with a Cronbach’s α value of 0.908. The hospital workers (38.4 ± 10.8 vs. 35.1 ± 9.9, p = 0.014) and women (39.3 ± 11.4 vs. 34.2 ± 8.6, p < 0.001) had higher levels of stress. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the scale were adequate. Conclusion: In the present study, including in-hospital and out-of-hospital emergency workers, the Stress Factors and Manifestations Scale presented appropriate usefulness, internal consistency, and validity, with optimal predictive ability. Higher levels of anxiety, female gender, being less optimistic, and working in hospital emergency departments were related to increased stress levels. Further studies are warranted to validate our results and potentially extend the Stress Factors and Manifestations Scale to other contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel García-Tudela
- Department of Urgency and Emergency, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (Á.G.-T.); (L.S.-S.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.I.F.); (M.T.R.G.-M.); (J.I.G.-G.)
| | - Agustín Javier Simonelli-Muñoz
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy, and Medicine, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain;
- Correspondence: (A.J.S.-M.); (J.M.R.-C.)
| | - José Miguel Rivera-Caravaca
- Department of Cardiology, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), CIBERCV, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.J.S.-M.); (J.M.R.-C.)
| | - María Isabel Fortea
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.I.F.); (M.T.R.G.-M.); (J.I.G.-G.)
| | - Lucas Simón-Sánchez
- Department of Urgency and Emergency, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (Á.G.-T.); (L.S.-S.)
| | | | | | - Diana Jiménez-Rodríguez
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy, and Medicine, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain;
| | - Juana Inés Gallego-Gómez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.I.F.); (M.T.R.G.-M.); (J.I.G.-G.)
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Okeke FC, Onyishi CN, Nwankwor PP, Ekwueme SC. A blended rational emotive occupational health coaching for job-stress among teachers of children with special education needs. Internet Interv 2021; 26:100482. [PMID: 34824983 PMCID: PMC8604685 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2021.100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Heightened stress tends to undermine both teachers' efficacy and students' outcomes. Managing job stress in teachers of children with special education needs is continually recommended due to the increased demands for the teachers to adapt curriculum content, learning materials and learning environments for learning. This study investigated the efficacy of blended Rational Emotive Occupational Health Coaching in reducing occupational stress among teachers of children with special needs in Abia State, Nigeria. METHOD The current study adopted a group-randomized waitlist control trial design with pretest, post-test and follow-up assessments. Participants (N = 83) included teachers of children with special education needs in inclusive and specialized schools. The bREOHC group was exposed to intersession face-to-face and online REOC program weekly for twelve (12) weeks. Data were collected using Single Item Stress Questionnaire (SISQ), Teachers' Stress Inventory and Participants' Satisfaction questionnaire (PSQ). Data collected at baseline; post-test as well as follow-up 1 and 2 evaluations were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, t-test statistics, repeated measures ANOVA and bar charts. RESULTS Results revealed that the mean perceived stress, stress symptoms and the total teachers' stress score of the bREOHC group at post-test and follow up assessments reduced significantly, compared to the waitlisted group. Participants also reported high level of satisfaction with the therapy and procedures. CONCLUSION From the findings of this study, we conclude that blended REOHC is efficacious in occupational stress management among teachers of children with special education needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charity N. Onyishi
- Department of Educational Foundations, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Obiweluozo PE, Dike IC, Ogba FN, Elom CO, Orabueze FO, Okoye-Ugwu S, Ani CKC, Onu AO, Ukaogo V, Obayi LN, Abonyi SE, Onu J, Omenma ZO, Okoro ID, Eze A, Igu NCN, Onuigbo LN, Umeano EC, Onyishi CN. Stress in teachers of children with neuro-developmental disorders: Effect of blended rational emotive behavioral therapy. Sci Prog 2021; 104:368504211050278. [PMID: 34783626 PMCID: PMC10402289 DOI: 10.1177/00368504211050278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Neuro-developmental disorders impose a wide range of learning barriers on learners, increasing stress among their teachers. Evidence attests to the heightened stress among teachers teaching children with such conditions. This study tested the efficacy of blended Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy in reducing job stress among teachers of children with neuro-developmental disorders in Abia State, Nigeria. METHOD The current study adopted a group-randomized waitlist control trial design with pretest, post-test, and follow-up assessments. Participants (N = 83) included teachers of children with neuro-developmental disorders in inclusive and specialized schools. The blended Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy group participated in a 2 h intersession face-to-face and online Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) program weekly for 12 weeks. Data were collected using the Single Item Stress Questionnaire, Teachers' Stress Inventory, and Participants' Satisfaction questionnaire. The waitlisted group also received a blended Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy intervention after all data collection. Data collected at baseline; post-test as well as follow-up 1 and 2 evaluations were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, t-test statistics, repeated measures analysis of variance, and charts. RESULTS Results revealed that the mean perceived stress, stress symptoms, and the total teachers' stress score of the blended Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy group at post-test and follow-up assessments reduced significantly, compared to the waitlisted group. Participants also reported a high level of satisfaction with the therapy and procedures. CONCLUSION From the findings of this study, we conclude that blended Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy is efficacious in occupational stress management among teachers of children with neuro-developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patience E Obiweluozo
- Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria Nigeria
| | - Ibiwari C Dike
- Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria Nigeria
| | - Francisca N Ogba
- Department of Educational Administration, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu Alike Ikwo Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Chinyere O Elom
- Department of Educational Administration, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu Alike Ikwo Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | | | - Stella Okoye-Ugwu
- Department of English and Literary Studies, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Casmir KC Ani
- Department of Philosophy, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Augustine O Onu
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Victor Ukaogo
- Department of History and International Studies, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | | | - Sunday E Abonyi
- Department of Social Work, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | - Zippora O Omenma
- Department of Social Science Education, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | | | - Angela Eze
- Department of Educational Administration, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu Alike Ikwo Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Ntasiobi CN Igu
- Department of Educational Administration, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu Alike Ikwo Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Liziana N Onuigbo
- Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria Nigeria
| | - Elsie C Umeano
- Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria Nigeria
| | - Charity N Onyishi
- Department of Social Science Education, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
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Morales-Rodríguez FM, Martínez-Ramón JP, Méndez I, Ruiz-Esteban C. Stress, Coping, and Resilience Before and After COVID-19: A Predictive Model Based on Artificial Intelligence in the University Environment. Front Psychol 2021; 12:647964. [PMID: 34017287 PMCID: PMC8129547 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.647964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 global health emergency has greatly impacted the educational field. Faced with unprecedented stress situations, professors, students, and families have employed various coping and resilience strategies throughout the confinement period. High and persistent stress levels are associated with other pathologies; hence, their detection and prevention are needed. Consequently, this study aimed to design a predictive model of stress in the educational field based on artificial intelligence that included certain sociodemographic variables, coping strategies, and resilience capacity, and to study the relationship between them. The non-probabilistic snowball sampling method was used, involving 337 people (73% women) from the university education community in south-eastern Spain. The Perceived Stress Scale, Stress Management Questionnaire, and Brief Resilience Scale were administered. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 24) was used to design the architecture of artificial neural networks. The results found that stress levels could be predicted by the synaptic weights of coping strategies and timing of the epidemic (before and after the implementation of isolation measures), with a predictive capacity of over 80% found in the neural network model. Additionally, direct and significant associations were identified between the use of certain coping strategies, stress levels, and resilience. The conclusions of this research are essential for effective stress detection, and therefore, early intervention in the field of educational psychology, by discussing the influence of resilience or lack thereof on the prediction of stress levels. Identifying the variables that maintain a greater predictive power in stress levels is an effective strategy to design more adjusted prevention programs and to anticipate the needs of the community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Pedro Martínez-Ramón
- Department of Evolutionary Psychology and Education, Faculty of Psychology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Méndez
- Department of Evolutionary Psychology and Education, Faculty of Psychology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cecilia Ruiz-Esteban
- Department of Evolutionary Psychology and Education, Faculty of Psychology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Rodríguez-González-Moro MT, Gallego-Gómez JI, Rodríguez-González-Moro JM, Cano MCC, Rivera-Caravaca JM, Simonelli-Muñoz AJ. Reliability and Validity of a Stress Scale in Public Employees from Murcia (Spain). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17238894. [PMID: 33265941 PMCID: PMC7729552 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stress is common in all work environments. Technostress and the difficulty of separating the family arena from the work environment are some of the new and emerging risks faced by companies, employees and society in general. Most of the available instruments for measuring stress in workers have been focused on education professionals and healthcare workers. Therefore, it is necessary to validate simple and friendly-use tools to detect stress levels in public workers. The aim of this study was to determine the internal consistency of an adapted version of the Student Stress Inventory-Stress Manifestations (SSI-SM) for public employees and to determine if high-stress levels are related to personal and work-related factors. A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted from October 2016 to February 2019 including 468 Spanish public workers based in Murcia. An adapted version of the SSI-SM was administered and data on personal and work-related factors were collected. Results showed that all of the factors had Cronbach’s α over 0.700, and no items need to be deleted due to correlations with the factor exceeding 0.300. Factor 1, “Self-concept”, has a Cronbach’s α of 0.868, with values of 15.62 ± 4.99; factor 2, “Sociability”, Cronbach’s α: 0.853, with mean values of 13.33 ± 4.17; factor 3, “Somatization”, Cronbach’s α: 0.704, mean value of 5.35 ± 1.90 and: factor 4, “Uncertainty”, Cronbach’s α: 0.746, with a mean value of 8.19 ± 2.51. In conclusion, the internal consistency of the adapted SSI-SM for public employees with different work positions and shifts has been validated and determined. This study provides a useful tool for the early detection of stress in public employees and may be potentially useful for preventing the harmful consequences of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juana Inés Gallego-Gómez
- Faculty of Nursing, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.T.R.-G.-M.); (M.C.C.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | | | - José Miguel Rivera-Caravaca
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), CIBERCV, 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Agustín Javier Simonelli-Muñoz
- Department of Nursing Science, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain;
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Denovan A, Dagnall N. Development and Evaluation of the Chronic Time Pressure Inventory. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2717. [PMID: 31866906 PMCID: PMC6904346 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The negative effects of chronic time pressure (i.e., time shortage and feelings of being rushed) are pervasive within modern society. Noting this, and the absence of an established self-report measure, the present paper developed and evaluated the Chronic Time Pressure Inventory (CTPI). Established theory informed the generation of items, resulting in an initial 15-item measure. Study 1, using parallel analysis, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, examined CTPI factorial structure within a sample of 401 respondents. Additionally, reliability (omega and alpha) and convergent validity testing occurred by correlating the CTPI with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Study 2 replicated the emergent, superior factor model in an independent sample of 163 respondents and assessed measurement invariance. Analysis further examined reliability (omega and alpha) and convergent validity. Across the two studies, results supported a bifactor solution, where a general overarching factor encompassed two discrete, but overlapping temporal factors (i.e., Feeling Harried and Cognitive Awareness of Time Shortage). Invariance testing indicated invariance of form, factor loadings, item intercepts and residuals across Study 1 and 2. The CTPI also demonstrated good internal reliability and satisfactory convergent validity with the PSS-10. Findings supported Szollos’ (2009) theoretical conceptualization of chronic time pressure and established the CTPI as a psychometrically sound, theoretically aligned measure of the construct. Indeed, results advocate the CTPI as a promising instrument for conducting survey-based research into chronic time pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Denovan
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Dagnall
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Nel P, van Zyl ES, Akwa-Nde A, Mokuoane ML. Structure of the Experience of Work and Life Circumstances Questionnaire among South African employees in the financial services and health sectors. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2019.1616422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petrus Nel
- Department of Industrial Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Ebben S. van Zyl
- Department of Industrial Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Agnes Akwa-Nde
- Department of Industrial Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Lasebikan VO. Expert panel’s modification and concurrent validity of the Teacher Stress Inventory among selected secondary school teachers in Nigeria. PSICOLOGIA-REFLEXAO E CRITICA 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s41155-016-0047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Kourmousi N, Alexopoulos EC. Stress Sources and Manifestations in a Nationwide Sample of Pre-Primary, Primary, and Secondary Educators in Greece. Front Public Health 2016; 4:73. [PMID: 27148519 PMCID: PMC4838612 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Teachers experience high levels of stress as a result of their professional duties, and research has shown a growing interest in this phenomenon during the recent years. Aim of this study was to explore the associations of stress sources and manifestations with individual and job-related characteristics in educators of all levels. Methods In a cross-sectional design, following an informative e-campaign on the study aims through the official and the main teachers’ portals in Greece, respondents completed online the teachers stress inventory (TSI) and the 14-item Perceived Stress Scale. Nine hundred seventy-four male and 2473 female pre-primary, primary, and secondary educators with a mean age of 41.2 years responded. Results Women and younger teachers reported significantly higher levels of stress, mainly due to lack of time and other work-related stressors, and also more emotional and gastronomic manifestations. Increased age and working experience were associated with lower levels of several stress sources. Teachers of administrative positions had increased time management stressors, but less professional distress, professional investment, and discipline and motivation stressors. Additionally, working and residing far from family increased teachers’ stress levels associated with control, motivation, and investment. Teachers of pre-primary education had reduced professional investment and motivation stress factors, while vocational lyceum teachers of secondary education reported less work-related stressors and manifestations and more discipline and motivation-related ones. Having students supported or in need of support from special educators and students with difficulties in speaking or comprehension was associated with most of the teachers’ stress sources and manifestations (i.e., TSI subscales). Finally, colleagues’ and mainly supervisors’ support seemed to provide a strong and consistent protection against both stress sources and manifestations. Conclusion Stress factors and manifestations vary among educators by gender, seniority, and teaching level. Training in coping and communication skills starting in teachers’ undergraduate studies might have a major impact on their stress alleviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ntina Kourmousi
- Directorate of Primary Education of Eastern Attica , Attica , Greece
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