Hepatitis B Vaccination Status and Associated Factors Among Healthcare Professionals Working in Health Centers at Akaki Kality Subcity of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Hepatitis B vaccination initiation and vaccination series completion: An in-depth systematic evidence review, with meta-analysis of associations with individual socioeconomic and health-related factors

BACKGROUND

Associations between hepatitis B vaccination and individual socioeconomic/health-related factors have not been summarised.

METHODS

We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42023445721) wherein we grouped study populations into a paediatric population (<18-year-olds), community-dwelling adults (≥18-year-olds of average risk), persons at a higher risk of exposure, and persons with a chronic condition(s). We pooled appropriate multivariable-adjusted results using an inverse variance random-effects model, with the pooled results expressed as odds ratios and associated 95% confidence intervals.

RESULTS

We included 83 cross-sectional studies. Thirty-nine studies reported on vaccination initiation, and 51 reported on vaccination series completion. In the paediatric population, being a child of an Asian versus White mother increased the odds of vaccination initiation, whereas a low versus high mother's socioeconomic status and birth in a health facility versus home birth increased the odds of vaccination series completion. In community-dwelling adults, there were increased odds of vaccination initiation with being younger, a White versus Black/Hispanic person, a health professional, higher education, HIV/hepatitis B screening, influenza vaccination in the past year, health insurance, and health care utilisation. There were increased odds of vaccination series completion with factors like initiation. In persons at a higher risk of exposure, older age, higher education, HIV/hepatitis B screening, influenza vaccination in the past year, being married/cohabiting, and training on infection increased the odds of vaccination initiation. In contrast, drug use, HIV/hepatitis B screening, being married/cohabiting, being female, being a current/former smoker, and having more health worker experience increased the odds of vaccination series completion. In persons with chronic condition(s), younger age was associated with increased odds of vaccination initiation, whereas higher education and being a health professional increased the odds of vaccination series completion.

CONCLUSIONS

Several individual socioeconomic and health-related factors may influence hepatitis B vaccination, particularly in community-dwelling adults and persons at higher risk of exposure. Our findings may inform targeted messaging to optimise hepatitis B vaccination.

Hepatitis B vaccination status among patients with end-stage kidney disease on haemodialysis in Ethiopia: a multi-center cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

Chronic kidney disease patients, especially those on hemodialysis, are at increased risk of developing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Guidelines suggest that all patients with chronic kidney disease patients should be vaccinated against HBV, but these guidelines are sub-optimally implemented. Notably, there is a lack of studies in Ethiopia examining the hepatitis B vaccination status among patients with end-stage renal disease.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the vaccination status of hepatitis B and associated factors among people with end-stage renal disease who were on hemodialysis.

METHODS

A multi-center cross-sectional observational study was conducted in six randomly selected dialysis centers in Ethiopia, from May 2023 to September 2023. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate factors associated with vaccination status. A person is considered to be vaccinated against hepatitis B if he/ she has taken at least one dose of HBV. Vaccination status was determined by patient's recall and verification from medical record.

RESULTS

Only 16% of patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis were vaccinated against hepatitis B virus (16.6%; with CI = 12.18, 21.83), of which 30% had received one dose, 57.5% had two doses, 12.5% had three doses, and only five had a booster dose. Post-secondary education (AOR = 5.47; 95% CI = 1.41, 21.2; P < 0.014) and dialysis for more than three years (AOR = 19.75; 95% CI = 4.06, 96.1; P < 0.001) were significant factors associated with having received hepatitis B vaccination.

CONCLUSION

Only a small minority of Ethiopian hemodialysis patients have received hepatitis B vaccination. The level of education of patients and the duration of time on dialysis were significant associated factors that affected the vaccination status of patients with end-stage renal disease. So, strong intervention is needed according to the identified factors to raise the vaccination status of patients.

Hepatitis B vaccination coverage and associated factors among nurses working at health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) poses one of the most serious workplace health risks facing healthcare workers, especially nurses, due to occupational exposure. The HBV vaccination coverage among healthcare workers in Ethiopia ranged from 5.4 to 21.9%. However, little is known about HBV vaccination coverage and associated factors among nurses in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess HBV vaccination coverage and associated factors among nurses working in health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 2023.

METHODS

An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2 to March 31, 2023, among 428 nurses working in 32 health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data were entered into Epi-Info version 7.2.5.0 and then exported to SPSS version 27 for analysis. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and proportions) were used to summarize the data on the study variables. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the strength of the association, and the statistical significance of associations between the variables was determined using adjusted odds ratio with a 95% CI and p values < 0.05.

RESULTS

HBV-full vaccination coverage among 428 nurses in health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, was 36.9%. Male nurses [AOR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.95], taking training on infection prevention [AOR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.78], having good knowledge about HBV vaccine [AOR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.28, 3.04], and testing for HBV [AOR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.08, 3.64] were more likely to have HBV full vaccination coverage, whereas monthly salary ≤ 7,071 Ethiopian Birr was 54% less likely to have HBV full vaccination coverage [AOR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.85] at p-value < 0.05.

CONCLUSION

This study revealed that the full HBV vaccination coverage of nurses working in health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, was low (36.9%), and consequently, the majority of nurses are at a high risk of being infected with HBV. Therefore, the Ministry of Health and health centers should promote awareness, implement prevention programs, provide diagnostic, treatment, and care services, enhance information generation and utilization, and strengthen the health system to increase vaccination coverage among nurses.

Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage among Bangladeshi Healthcare Workers: Findings from Tertiary Care Hospitals

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at a four-fold higher risk of being infected with the hepatitis B virus in hospital settings. This study investigated the hepatitis B vaccination coverage among Bangladeshi HCWs in selected tertiary care hospitals. Between September 2020 to January 2021, a multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in 11 hospitals across Bangladesh. Participants included physicians, nurses, cleaners, and administrative staff. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data through face-to-face interviews. Descriptive and multivariate statistics were used to analyze the data. The overall hepatitis B vaccination coverage was 66.6% (1363/2046) among HCWs, with cleaning staff having the lowest at 38.8%. Among the unvaccinated, 89.2% of HCWs desired to receive the free vaccine in the near future. In the last year, over one-fourth of staff (27.9%) had at least one history of needlestick injury. Only 9.8% HCWs were found to have attended training on hepatitis B virus prevention and management in the previous two years. Multivariate analysis revealed that physicians (AOR: 7.13, 95% CI: 4.94-10.30) and nurses (AOR: 6.00, 95% CI: 4.09-8.81) were more likely to be vaccinated against hepatitis B than cleaners and administrative staff. Low uptake of hepatitis B vaccination among HCWs suggests policies that require vaccination are needed to achieve optimum vaccine coverage.

Assessing the level of knowledge, uptake of hepatitis B virus vaccine, and its determinants among health workers across various levels of health facilities in Ondo, South West, Nigeria

Problem considered

Research has shown that health care personnel is at higher risk of acquiring the disease than the general population. In spite of this challenge, there has been a low vaccination record among the Health Workers

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between knowledge, attitude, perception, and practice of hepatitis B vaccination among health workers in Akure South Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria

Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 260 health professionals working at primary health centers (40), private hospitals (60), and tertiary health institutions (160). Data was collected by using self-administered questionnaires distributed at the participant’s work unit and analyzed using SPSS version 20.

Results

The result showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between the knowledge of Health workers about the HBV vaccine and vaccine uptake.

While all the non-vaccinated health workers showed interest in taking the vaccine, the majority of them (80.4 %) suggested that the vaccine should be given free to health workers.

Conclusion

The study revealed that the health workers had a good knowledge of hepatitis infection but not the vaccination which affected vaccine uptake as a significant relationship exists between the two. Also, the greatest hindrance to the uptake of the vaccine is the cost of the vaccine. HBV vaccination should be made compulsory as part of occupational protection measures and made readily available gratis for all health workers.

Assessment of Hepatitis B Vaccination Status and Associated Factors among Healthcare Workers in Bosaso, Puntland, Somalia 2020

Introduction

Hepatitis B virus disease is a viral infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is a major public health problem worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) estimate, two billion people worldwide have serologic evidence of past or present HBV infection. The risk of infection is high among health professionals due to the risk of occupational contact with fluids of infected patients and the risk of needle stick injury. This study is aimed at assessing HBV vaccination coverage and reasons for possible defiance of the vaccine among healthcare workers in Bosaso, Somalia. Methodology. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted by using a quantitative approach to identify hepatitis B virus vaccination coverage and reasons for vaccine defiance in Bosaso from September 2020 to November 2020. Healthcare workers (HCWs) in Bosaso city both in public and private health facilities who accepted to participate in this study were interviewed by using a structured questionnaire, and SPSS was used to analyze the collected data.

Results

We found that only (16.4%) of HCWs were fully vaccinated. The main reasons for not taking the vaccine by the participants were the unavailability of the vaccine (42%), high vaccine cost (28.7%), lack of time (20.7%), and fear of vaccine side effects (7.5%). The majority (69.7%) of HCWs demonstrated good knowledge about HBV infection. The vaccination uptake was significantly higher among midwives (p = 0.02; OR = 1.21; 95%CI = 1.39 - 67.41) and individuals aged under 30 years (p = 0.03; OR = 8.6; 95%CI = 1.17-63.26).

Conclusion

Our study revealed that vaccination coverage of HCWs in Bosaso was very low because of the unavailability of vaccines, high cost of the vaccine, lack of time, and fear of vaccine side effects. Therefore, the development and implementation of policies related to HBV vaccination are recommended.