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Das CJ, Malagi AV, Sharma R, Mehndiratta A, Kumar V, Khan MA, Seth A, Kaushal S, Nayak B, Kumar R, Gupta AK. Intravoxel incoherent motion and diffusion kurtosis imaging and their machine-learning-based texture analysis for detection and assessment of prostate cancer severity at 3 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024:e5144. [PMID: 38556777 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the role of combined intravoxel incoherent motion and diffusion kurtosis imaging (IVIM-DKI) and their machine-learning-based texture analysis for the detection and assessment of severity in prostate cancer (PCa). MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-eight patients underwent MRI on a 3 T scanner after giving informed consent. IVIM-DKI data were acquired using 13 b values (0-2000 s/mm2) and analyzed using the IVIM-DKI model with the total variation (TV) method. PCa patients were categorized into two groups: clinically insignificant prostate cancer (CISPCa) (Gleason grade ≤ 6) and clinically significant prostate cancer (CSPCa) (Gleason grade ≥ 7). One-way analysis-of-variance, t test, and receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to measure the discriminative ability to detect PCa using IVIM-DKI parameters. A chi-square test was used to select important texture features of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and IVIM-DKI parameters. These selected texture features were used in an artificial neural network for PCa detection. RESULTS ADC and diffusion coefficient (D) were significantly lower (p < 0.001), and kurtosis (k) was significantly higher (p < 0.001), in PCa as compared with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and normal peripheral zone (PZ). ADC, D, and k showed high areas under the curves (AUCs) of 0.92, 0.89, and 0.88, respectively, in PCa detection. ADC and D were significantly lower (p < 0.05) as compared with CISPCa versus CSPCa. D for detecting CSPCa was high, with an AUC of 0.63. A negative correlation of ADC and D with GS (ADC, ρ = -0.33; D, ρ = -0.35, p < 0.05) and a positive correlation of k with GS (ρ = 0.22, p < 0.05) were observed. Combined IVIM-DKI texture showed high AUC of 0.83 for classification of PCa, BPH, and normal PZ. CONCLUSION D, f, and k computed using the IVIM-DKI model with the TV method were able to differentiate PCa from BPH and normal PZ. Texture features of combined IVIM-DKI parameters showed high accuracy and AUC in PCa detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan J Das
- Department of Radio-Diagnosis and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Vadiraj Malagi
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Raju Sharma
- Department of Radio-Diagnosis and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Mehndiratta
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Virendra Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Maroof A Khan
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amlesh Seth
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Kaushal
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Baibaswata Nayak
- Department of Gastroenterology (Molecular Biology Division), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Kumar Gupta
- Department of Radio-Diagnosis and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Zheng H, Hung ALY, Miao Q, Song W, Scalzo F, Raman SS, Zhao K, Sung K. AtPCa-Net: anatomical-aware prostate cancer detection network on multi-parametric MRI. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5740. [PMID: 38459100 PMCID: PMC10923873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) is widely used for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. Deep learning models show good performance in detecting PCa on mpMRI, but domain-specific PCa-related anatomical information is sometimes overlooked and not fully explored even by state-of-the-art deep learning models, causing potential suboptimal performances in PCa detection. Symmetric-related anatomical information is commonly used when distinguishing PCa lesions from other visually similar but benign prostate tissue. In addition, different combinations of mpMRI findings are used for evaluating the aggressiveness of PCa for abnormal findings allocated in different prostate zones. In this study, we investigate these domain-specific anatomical properties in PCa diagnosis and how we can adopt them into the deep learning framework to improve the model's detection performance. We propose an anatomical-aware PCa detection Network (AtPCa-Net) for PCa detection on mpMRI. Experiments show that the AtPCa-Net can better utilize the anatomical-related information, and the proposed anatomical-aware designs help improve the overall model performance on both PCa detection and patient-level classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxin Zheng
- Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, USA.
- Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, USA.
| | - Alex Ling Yu Hung
- Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
- Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
| | - Qi Miao
- Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
| | - Weinan Song
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
| | - Fabien Scalzo
- Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
- The Seaver College, Pepperdine University, Los Angeles, 90363, USA
| | - Steven S Raman
- Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
| | - Kai Zhao
- Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
| | - Kyunghyun Sung
- Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
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Hu B, Zhang X, Zhu S, Wang C, Deng Z, Wang T, Wu Y. Identification and validation of an individualized metabolic prognostic signature for predicting the biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer based on the immune microenvironment. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:92. [PMID: 38297388 PMCID: PMC10829481 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent genitourinary malignancy in men, with a significant proportion of patients developing biochemical recurrence (BCR) after treatment. The immune microenvironment and metabolic alterations have crucial implications for the tumorigenesis and progression of PCa. Therefore, identifying metabolic genes associated with the immune microenvironment holds promise for predicting BCR and improving PCa prognosis. METHODS In this study, ssGSEA and hierarchical clustering analysis were first conducted to evaluate and group PCa samples, followed by the use of the ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms to characterize the immunophenotypes and tumor microenvironment. The differential metabolic genes (MTGs) between groups were utilized to develop a prognostic-related signature. The predictive performance of the signature was assessed by principal component analysis (PCA), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, survival analysis, and the TIDE algorithm. A miRNA-MTGs regulatory network and predictive nomogram were constructed. Moreover, the expression of prognostic MTGs in PCa was detected by RT‒qPCR. RESULTS PCa samples from the TCGA cohort were separated into two groups: the immune-low group and immune-high group. Forty-eight differentially expressed MTGs between the groups were identified, including 37 up-regulated and 11 down-regulated MTGs. Subsequently, CEL, CYP3A4, and PDE6G were identified as the genes most strongly associated with the BCR of PCa patients and these genes were utilized to establish the MTGs-based prognostic signatures. PCA, ROC curves analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and the nomogram all showed the good predictive ability of the signature regardless of clinical variables. Furthermore, the MTGs-based signature was indicated as a potential predictive biomarker for immunotherapy response. Nine miRNAs involved in the regulation of prognostic MTGs were determined. In addition to the CEL gene, the PDE6G and CYP3A4 genes were expressed at higher levels in PCa samples. CONCLUSIONS The MTGs-based signature represents a novel approach with promising potential for predicting BCR in PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bintao Hu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shiqing Zhu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chengwei Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiyao Deng
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Bazarkin A, Morozov A, Androsov A, Fajkovic H, Rivas JG, Singla N, Koroleva S, Teoh JYC, Zvyagin AV, Shariat SF, Somani B, Enikeev D. Assessment of Prostate and Bladder Cancer Genomic Biomarkers Using Artificial Intelligence: a Systematic Review. Curr Urol Rep 2024; 25:19-35. [PMID: 38099997 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-023-01193-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of the systematic review is to assess AI's capabilities in the genetics of prostate cancer (PCa) and bladder cancer (BCa) to evaluate target groups for such analysis as well as to assess its prospects in daily practice. RECENT FINDINGS In total, our analysis included 27 articles: 10 articles have reported on PCa and 17 on BCa, respectively. The AI algorithms added clinical value and demonstrated promising results in several fields, including cancer detection, assessment of cancer development risk, risk stratification in terms of survival and relapse, and prediction of response to a specific therapy. Besides clinical applications, genetic analysis aided by the AI shed light on the basic urologic cancer biology. We believe, our results of the AI application to the analysis of PCa, BCa data sets will help to identify new targets for urological cancer therapy. The integration of AI in genomic research for screening and clinical applications will evolve with time to help personalizing chemotherapy, prediction of survival and relapse, aid treatment strategies such as reducing frequency of diagnostic cystoscopies, and clinical decision support, e.g., by predicting immunotherapy response. These factors will ultimately lead to personalized and precision medicine thereby improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Bazarkin
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Morozov
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Androsov
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Division of Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Harun Fajkovic
- Department of Urology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Juan Gomez Rivas
- Department of Urology, Clinico San Carlos University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nirmish Singla
- School of Medicine, Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Svetlana Koroleva
- Clinical Institute for Children Health Named After N.F. Filatov, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh
- Department of Surgery, S.H. Ho Urology Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrei V Zvyagin
- Institute of Molecular Theranostics, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Shahrokh François Shariat
- Department of Urology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Bhaskar Somani
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Dmitry Enikeev
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.
- Department of Urology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology, Vienna, Austria.
- Division of Urology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.
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5
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Arigbede O, Amusa T, Buxbaum SG. Exploring the Use of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Prostate Cancer Management. Cureus 2023; 15:e46021. [PMID: 37900395 PMCID: PMC10602629 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics in prostate cancer (PCa) offers a game-changing breakthrough with far-reaching implications for diagnosis, treatment, and research. AI-driven algorithms have tremendous promise for assisting early diagnosis by analyzing invisible trends within medical imaging devices such as MRI and ultrasounds. In addition, by evaluating big datasets containing patient data, genetic attributes, and treatment outcomes, these AI algorithms offer the possibility of allowing individualized treatment regimens. This ability to personalize actions to specific patients might improve therapy efficacy while reducing side effects. Robotics can increase accuracy in less invasive surgery, revolutionize therapies like prostatectomies, and improve recovery time for patients. Robotic-assisted procedures provide clinicians with remarkable skills and flexibility, allowing clinicians to negotiate complicated anatomical structures more precisely. However, the symbiotic combination of AI and robotics has several drawbacks. Concerns about data privacy, algorithm biases, and the need to continually assess AI's diagnostic proficiency offer significant hurdles. To ensure patient privacy and data security, the ethical and regulatory aspects of integrating AI and robotics require proper attention. However, combining AI and robotics opens up a galaxy of possibilities. The joint use of AI and robotics can potentially speed up drug development procedures by filtering through massive databases, resulting in the identification of new medicinal compounds. Furthermore, combining AI and robotics might usher in an innovative era of personalized medicine, allowing healthcare providers to design therapies based on detailed patient profiles. The merging of AI and robotics in PCa care gives up unprecedented prospects. While limitations highlight the necessity for caution, the possibilities of better diagnostics, tailored therapies, and new research pathways highlight the transformational abilities of AI and robotics in determining the future of PCa management. This study explores the limitations and opportunities presented by using AI and robotics in the context of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olumide Arigbede
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Tope Amusa
- Department of Biostatistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Sarah G Buxbaum
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, USA
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Slovin SF. An AI Predictive Model to Determine Who Benefits from ADT with Radiation: Working Smarter, Not Harder. NEJM EVIDENCE 2023; 2:EVIDe2300146. [PMID: 38320151 DOI: 10.1056/evide2300146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Whether you are a surgical, medical, or radiation oncologist, the care goals remain the same, that is, achieving a durable treatment response. For patients with localized intermediate-risk prostate cancer undergoing radiation treatment, identifying those who would derive additional benefit from androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is an ongoing challenge. To help physicians make this decision, prognostic risk scores have been derived from biobanked pathology specimens1-3 coupled with well-annotated clinical and imaging data from multiple phase III trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan F Slovin
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
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7
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Martinez-Marroquin E, Chau M, Turner M, Haxhimolla H, Paterson C. Use of artificial intelligence in discerning the need for prostate biopsy and readiness for clinical practice: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2023; 12:126. [PMID: 37461083 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02282-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variability and inaccuracies in the diagnosis of prostate cancer, and the risk of complications from invasive tests, have been extensively reported in the research literature. To address this, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) has been attracting increased interest in recent years to improve the diagnostic accuracy and objectivity. Although AI literature has reported promising results, further research is needed on the identification of evidence gaps that limit the potential adoption in prostate cancer screening practice. METHODS A systematic electronic search strategy will be used to identify peer-reviewed articles published from inception to the date of searches and indexed in CINAHL, IEEE Xplore, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection databases. Registries including Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) will be searched for unpublished studies, and experts were invited to provide suitable references. The research and reporting will be based on Cochrane recommendations and PRISMA guidelines, respectively. The screening and quality assessment of the articles will be conducted by two of the authors independently, and conflicts will be resolved by a third author. DISCUSSION This systematic review will summarise the use of AI techniques to predict the need for prostate biopsy based on clinical and demographic indicators, including its diagnostic accuracy and readiness for adoption in clinical practice. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42022336540.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Martinez-Marroquin
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2617, Australia.
| | - Minh Chau
- Prehabilitation, Activity, Cancer, Exercise and Survivorship (PACES) Research Group, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 2617, Australia
| | - Murray Turner
- Prehabilitation, Activity, Cancer, Exercise and Survivorship (PACES) Research Group, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 2617, Australia
| | - Hodo Haxhimolla
- Prehabilitation, Activity, Cancer, Exercise and Survivorship (PACES) Research Group, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 2617, Australia
| | - Catherine Paterson
- Prehabilitation, Activity, Cancer, Exercise and Survivorship (PACES) Research Group, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 2617, Australia
- Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7AQ, Scotland, UK
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8
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Canellas R, Kohli MD, Westphalen AC. The Evidence for Using Artificial Intelligence to Enhance Prostate Cancer MR Imaging. Curr Oncol Rep 2023; 25:243-250. [PMID: 36749494 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-023-01371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize the current status of artificial intelligence applied to prostate cancer MR imaging. RECENT FINDINGS Artificial intelligence has been applied to prostate cancer MR imaging to improve its diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility of interpretation. Multiple models have been tested for gland segmentation and volume calculation, automated lesion detection, localization, and characterization, as well as prediction of tumor aggressiveness and tumor recurrence. Studies show, for example, that very robust automated gland segmentation and volume calculations can be achieved and that lesions can be detected and accurately characterized. Although results are promising, we should view these with caution. Most studies included a small sample of patients from a single institution and most models did not undergo proper external validation. More research is needed with larger and well-design studies for the development of reliable artificial intelligence tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Canellas
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., 2nd Floor, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Marc D Kohli
- Clinical Informatics, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Imaging Informatics, UCSF Health, 500 Parnassus Ave, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Antonio C Westphalen
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., 2nd Floor, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA. .,Department of Urology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., 2nd Floor, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA. .,Department Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., 2nd Floor, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Belue MJ, Turkbey B. Tasks for artificial intelligence in prostate MRI. Eur Radiol Exp 2022; 6:33. [PMID: 35908102 PMCID: PMC9339059 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-022-00287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of precision medicine, increasing clinical needs, and imaging availability among many other factors in the prostate cancer diagnostic pathway has engendered the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI). AI carries a vast number of potential applications in every step of the prostate cancer diagnostic pathway from classifying/improving prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance image quality, prostate segmentation, anatomically segmenting cancer suspicious foci, detecting and differentiating clinically insignificant cancers from clinically significant cancers on a voxel-level, and classifying entire lesions into Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System categories/Gleason scores. Multiple studies in all these areas have shown many promising results approximating accuracies of radiologists. Despite this flourishing research, more prospective multicenter studies are needed to uncover the full impact and utility of AI on improving radiologist performance and clinical management of prostate cancer. In this narrative review, we aim to introduce emerging medical imaging AI paper quality metrics such as the Checklist for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging (CLAIM) and Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI), dive into some of the top AI models for segmentation, detection, and classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason J Belue
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, 10 Center Dr., MSC 1182, Building 10, Room B3B85, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1088, USA
| | - Baris Turkbey
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, 10 Center Dr., MSC 1182, Building 10, Room B3B85, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1088, USA.
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Multiparametric Functional MRI of the Kidney: Current State and Future Trends with Deep Learning Approaches. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2022; 194:983-992. [PMID: 35272360 DOI: 10.1055/a-1775-8633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Until today, assessment of renal function has remained a challenge for modern medicine. In many cases, kidney diseases accompanied by a decrease in renal function remain undetected and unsolved, since neither laboratory tests nor imaging diagnostics provide adequate information on kidney status. In recent years, developments in the field of functional magnetic resonance imaging with application to abdominal organs have opened new possibilities combining anatomic imaging with multiparametric functional information. The multiparametric approach enables the measurement of perfusion, diffusion, oxygenation, and tissue characterization in one examination, thus providing more comprehensive insight into pathophysiological processes of diseases as well as effects of therapeutic interventions. However, application of multiparametric fMRI in the kidneys is still restricted mainly to research areas and transfer to the clinical routine is still outstanding. One of the major challenges is the lack of a standardized protocol for acquisition and postprocessing including efficient strategies for data analysis. This article provides an overview of the most common fMRI techniques with application to the kidney together with new approaches regarding data analysis with deep learning. METHODS This article implies a selective literature review using the literature database PubMed in May 2021 supplemented by our own experiences in this field. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Functional multiparametric MRI is a promising technique for assessing renal function in a more comprehensive approach by combining multiple parameters such as perfusion, diffusion, and BOLD imaging. New approaches with the application of deep learning techniques could substantially contribute to overcoming the challenge of handling the quantity of data and developing more efficient data postprocessing and analysis protocols. Thus, it can be hoped that multiparametric fMRI protocols can be sufficiently optimized to be used for routine renal examination and to assist clinicians in the diagnostics, monitoring, and treatment of kidney diseases in the future. KEY POINTS · Multiparametric fMRI is a technique performed without the use of radiation, contrast media, and invasive methods.. · Multiparametric fMRI provides more comprehensive insight into pathophysiological processes of kidney diseases by combining functional and structural parameters.. · For broader acceptance of fMRI biomarkers, there is a need for standardization of acquisition, postprocessing, and analysis protocols as well as more prospective studies.. · Deep learning techniques could significantly contribute to an optimization of data acquisition and the postprocessing and interpretation of larger quantities of data.. CITATION FORMAT · Zhang C, Schwartz M, Küstner T et al. Multiparametric Functional MRI of the Kidney: Current State and Future Trends with Deep Learning Approaches. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2022; DOI: 10.1055/a-1775-8633.
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Lorusso V, Kabre B, Pignot G, Branger N, Pacchetti A, Thomassin-Piana J, Brunelle S, Nicolai N, Musi G, Salem N, Montanari E, de Cobelli O, Gravis G, Walz J. External validation of the computerized analysis of TRUS of the prostate with the ANNA/C-TRUS system: a potential role of artificial intelligence for improving prostate cancer detection. World J Urol 2022; 41:619-625. [PMID: 35249120 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-022-03965-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancer (PCa) imaging has been revolutionized by the introduction of multi-parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI). Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) has always been considered a low-performance modality. To overcome this, a computerized artificial neural network analysis (ANNA/C-TRUS) of the TRUS based on an artificial intelligence (AI) analysis has been proposed. Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the ANNA/C-TRUS system and its ability to improve conventional TRUS in PCa diagnosis. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data from 64 patients with PCa and scheduled for radical prostatectomy who underwent TRUS followed by ANNA/C-TRUS analysis before the procedure. The results of ANNA/C-TRUS analysis with whole mount sections from final pathology. RESULTS On a per-sectors analysis, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV) and accuracy were 62%, 81%, 80%, 64% and 78% respectively. The values for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer were 69%, 77%, 88%, 50% and 75%. The diagnostic values for high grade tumours were 70%, 74%, 91%, 41% and 74%, respectively. Cancer volume (≤ 0.5 or greater) did not influence the diagnostic performance of the ANNA/C-TRUS system. CONCLUSIONS ANNA/C-TRUS represents a promising diagnostic tool and application of AI for PCa diagnosis. It improves the ability of conventional TRUS to diagnose prostate cancer, preserving its simplicity and availability. Since it is an AI system, it does not hold the inter-observer variability nor a learning curve. Multicenter biopsy-based studies with the inclusion of an adequate number of patients are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Lorusso
- Department of Urology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes Cancer Center, Marseille, France.
- Urology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Boukary Kabre
- Department of Urology, CHU Yalgado Ouédraogo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Geraldine Pignot
- Department of Urology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes Cancer Center, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Branger
- Department of Urology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes Cancer Center, Marseille, France
| | - Andrea Pacchetti
- Department of Urology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes Cancer Center, Marseille, France
| | | | - Serge Brunelle
- Department of Radiology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes Cancer Center, Marseille, France
| | - Nicola Nicolai
- Urology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Gennaro Musi
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Urology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Naji Salem
- Department of Radiotherapy, Institut Paoli-Calmettes Cancer Center, Marseille, France
| | - Emanuele Montanari
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Urology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Ottavio de Cobelli
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Urology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gwenaelle Gravis
- Department of Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes Cancer Center, Marseille, France
| | - Jochen Walz
- Department of Urology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes Cancer Center, Marseille, France
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12
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Comparison of Different Machine Learning Models in Prediction of Postirradiation Recurrence in Prostate Carcinoma Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7943609. [PMID: 35178455 PMCID: PMC8844388 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7943609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
After primary treatment of localized prostate carcinoma (PC), up to a third of patients have disease recurrence. Different predictive models have already been used either for initial stratification of PC patients or to predict disease recurrence. Recently, artificial intelligence has been introduced in the diagnosis and management of PC with a potential to revolutionize this field. The aim of this study was to analyze machine learning (ML) classifiers in order to predict disease progression in the moment of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) elevation during follow-up. The study cohort consisted of 109 PC patients treated with external beam radiotherapy alone or in combination with androgen deprivation therapy. We developed and evaluated the performance of two ML algorithms based on artificial neural networks (ANN) and naïve Bayes (NB). Of all patients, 72.5% was randomly selected for a training set while the remaining patients were used for testing of the models. The presence/absence of disease progression was defined as the output variable. The input variables for models were conducted from the univariate analysis preformed among two groups of patients in the training set. They included two pretreatment variables (UICC stage and Gleason's score risk group) and five posttreatment variables (nadir PSA, time to nadir PSA, PSA doubling time, PSA velocity, and PSA in the moment of disease reevaluation). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and predictive accuracy was calculated to test the models' performance. The results showed that specificity was similar for both models, while NB achieved better sensitivity then ANN (100.0% versus 94.4%). The ANN showed an accuracy of 93.3%, and the matching for NB model was 96.7%. In this study, ML classifiers have shown potential for application in routine clinical practice during follow-up when disease progression was suspected.
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13
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Bazarbashi S, Alsharm A, Meshref A, Mrabti H, Ansari J, Ghosn M, Abdulla M, Urun Y. Management of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in Middle East African countries: Challenges and strategic recommendations. Urol Ann 2022; 14:303-313. [PMID: 36505997 PMCID: PMC9731188 DOI: 10.4103/ua.ua_148_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the reliance on Western guidelines for managing prostate cancer (PC), there are wide variations and gaps in treatment among developing countries such as the Middle East African (MEA) region. A multidisciplinary team of experts from the MEA region engaged in a comprehensive discussion to identify the real-world challenges in diagnostics and treatment of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) and provided insights on the urgent unmet needs. We present a consensus document on the region-specific barriers, key priority areas and strategic recommendations by experts for optimizing management of mCRPC in the MEA. Limited access to genetic testing and economic constraints were highlighted as major concerns in the MEA. As the therapeutic landscape continues to expand, treatment selection for mCRPC needs to be increasingly personalized. Enhanced genetic testing and judicious utilization of newer therapies like olaparib, articulated by reimbursement support, should be made accessible for the underserved populations in the MEA. Increasing awareness on testing through educational activities catalyzed by digital technologies can play a central role in overcoming barriers to patient care in the MEA region. The involvement of multidisciplinary teams can bridge the treatment gaps, facilitating holistic and optimal management of mCRPC. Region-specific guidelines can help health-care workers navigate challenges and deliver personalized management through collaborative efforts - thus curb health-care variations and drive consistency. Development of region-specific scalable guidelines for genetic testing and treatment of mCRPC, factoring in the trade-off for access, availability, and affordability, is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouki Bazarbashi
- Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Address for correspondence: Dr. Shouki Bazarbashi, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, College of Medicine, Al Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
| | - Abdullah Alsharm
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, King Fahad Medical City, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hind Mrabti
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Mohamed V University-Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jawaher Ansari
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Marwan Ghosn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Saint Joseph University in Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Yuksel Urun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara University, Turkey
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14
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Bhattacharya I, Khandwala YS, Vesal S, Shao W, Yang Q, Soerensen SJ, Fan RE, Ghanouni P, Kunder CA, Brooks JD, Hu Y, Rusu M, Sonn GA. A review of artificial intelligence in prostate cancer detection on imaging. Ther Adv Urol 2022; 14:17562872221128791. [PMID: 36249889 PMCID: PMC9554123 DOI: 10.1177/17562872221128791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A multitude of studies have explored the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in providing diagnostic support to radiologists, pathologists, and urologists in prostate cancer detection, risk-stratification, and management. This review provides a comprehensive overview of relevant literature regarding the use of AI models in (1) detecting prostate cancer on radiology images (magnetic resonance and ultrasound imaging), (2) detecting prostate cancer on histopathology images of prostate biopsy tissue, and (3) assisting in supporting tasks for prostate cancer detection (prostate gland segmentation, MRI-histopathology registration, MRI-ultrasound registration). We discuss both the potential of these AI models to assist in the clinical workflow of prostate cancer diagnosis, as well as the current limitations including variability in training data sets, algorithms, and evaluation criteria. We also discuss ongoing challenges and what is needed to bridge the gap between academic research on AI for prostate cancer and commercial solutions that improve routine clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Bhattacharya
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yash S. Khandwala
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sulaiman Vesal
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wei Shao
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Qianye Yang
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK
- Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Simon J.C. Soerensen
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Richard E. Fan
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pejman Ghanouni
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christian A. Kunder
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James D. Brooks
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yipeng Hu
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK
- Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mirabela Rusu
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Geoffrey A. Sonn
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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15
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Ayyad SM, Shehata M, Shalaby A, Abou El-Ghar M, Ghazal M, El-Melegy M, Abdel-Hamid NB, Labib LM, Ali HA, El-Baz A. Role of AI and Histopathological Images in Detecting Prostate Cancer: A Survey. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:2586. [PMID: 33917035 PMCID: PMC8067693 DOI: 10.3390/s21082586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most identified cancers and second most prevalent among cancer-related deaths of men worldwide. Early diagnosis and treatment are substantial to stop or handle the increase and spread of cancer cells in the body. Histopathological image diagnosis is a gold standard for detecting prostate cancer as it has different visual characteristics but interpreting those type of images needs a high level of expertise and takes too much time. One of the ways to accelerate such an analysis is by employing artificial intelligence (AI) through the use of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems. The recent developments in artificial intelligence along with its sub-fields of conventional machine learning and deep learning provide new insights to clinicians and researchers, and an abundance of research is presented specifically for histopathology images tailored for prostate cancer. However, there is a lack of comprehensive surveys that focus on prostate cancer using histopathology images. In this paper, we provide a very comprehensive review of most, if not all, studies that handled the prostate cancer diagnosis using histopathological images. The survey begins with an overview of histopathological image preparation and its challenges. We also briefly review the computing techniques that are commonly applied in image processing, segmentation, feature selection, and classification that can help in detecting prostate malignancies in histopathological images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Ayyad
- Computers and Systems Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35511, Egypt; (S.M.A.); (N.B.A.-H.); (L.M.L.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Mohamed Shehata
- BioImaging Laboratory, Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; (M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Ahmed Shalaby
- BioImaging Laboratory, Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; (M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Mohamed Abou El-Ghar
- Department of Radiology, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Mohammed Ghazal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 59911, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Moumen El-Melegy
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut 71511, Egypt;
| | - Nahla B. Abdel-Hamid
- Computers and Systems Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35511, Egypt; (S.M.A.); (N.B.A.-H.); (L.M.L.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Labib M. Labib
- Computers and Systems Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35511, Egypt; (S.M.A.); (N.B.A.-H.); (L.M.L.); (H.A.A.)
| | - H. Arafat Ali
- Computers and Systems Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35511, Egypt; (S.M.A.); (N.B.A.-H.); (L.M.L.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Ayman El-Baz
- BioImaging Laboratory, Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; (M.S.); (A.S.)
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16
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Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Prostate Cancer Patient Management-Current Trends and Future Perspectives. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11020354. [PMID: 33672608 PMCID: PMC7924061 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the field of computer science that aims to build smart devices performing tasks that currently require human intelligence. Through machine learning (ML), the deep learning (DL) model is teaching computers to learn by example, something that human beings are doing naturally. AI is revolutionizing healthcare. Digital pathology is becoming highly assisted by AI to help researchers in analyzing larger data sets and providing faster and more accurate diagnoses of prostate cancer lesions. When applied to diagnostic imaging, AI has shown excellent accuracy in the detection of prostate lesions as well as in the prediction of patient outcomes in terms of survival and treatment response. The enormous quantity of data coming from the prostate tumor genome requires fast, reliable and accurate computing power provided by machine learning algorithms. Radiotherapy is an essential part of the treatment of prostate cancer and it is often difficult to predict its toxicity for the patients. Artificial intelligence could have a future potential role in predicting how a patient will react to the therapy side effects. These technologies could provide doctors with better insights on how to plan radiotherapy treatment. The extension of the capabilities of surgical robots for more autonomous tasks will allow them to use information from the surgical field, recognize issues and implement the proper actions without the need for human intervention.
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