1
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Del Giudice L, Pontieri P, Aletta M, Calcagnile M. Mitochondrial Neurodegenerative Diseases: Three Mitochondrial Ribosomal Proteins as Intermediate Stage in the Pathway That Associates Damaged Genes with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:972. [PMID: 37508402 PMCID: PMC10376763 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Currently, numerous research endeavors are dedicated to unraveling the intricate nature of neurodegenerative diseases. These conditions are characterized by the gradual and progressive impairment of specific neuronal systems that exhibit anatomical or physiological connections. In particular, in the last twenty years, remarkable efforts have been made to elucidate neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. However, despite extensive research endeavors, no cure or effective treatment has been discovered thus far. With the emergence of studies shedding light on the contribution of mitochondria to the onset and advancement of mitochondrial neurodegenerative disorders, researchers are now directing their investigations toward the development of therapies. These therapies include molecules designed to protect mitochondria and neurons from the detrimental effects of aging, as well as mutant proteins. Our objective is to discuss and evaluate the recent discovery of three mitochondrial ribosomal proteins linked to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. These proteins represent an intermediate stage in the pathway connecting damaged genes to the two mitochondrial neurological pathologies. This discovery potentially could open new avenues for the production of medicinal substances with curative potential for the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Del Giudice
- Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse-UOS Napoli-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Biologia, Sezione di Igiene, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Pontieri
- Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse-UOS Napoli-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Biologia, Sezione di Igiene, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Calcagnile
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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2
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Viscomi C, Zeviani M. Experimental therapy for mitochondrial diseases. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 194:259-277. [PMID: 36813318 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-821751-1.00013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are extremely heterogeneous genetic disorders due to faulty oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). No cure is currently available for these conditions, beside supportive interventions aimed at relieving complications. Mitochondria are under a double genetic control carried out by the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and by nuclear DNA. Thus, not surprisingly, mutations in either genome can cause mitochondrial disease. Although mitochondria are usually associated with respiration and ATP synthesis, they play fundamental roles in a large number of other biochemical, signaling, and execution pathways, each being a potential target for therapeutic interventions. These can be classified as general therapies, i.e., potentially applicable to a number of different mitochondrial conditions, or therapies tailored to a single disease, i.e., personalized approaches, such as gene therapy, cell therapy, and organ replacement. Mitochondrial medicine is a particularly lively research field, and the last few years witnessed a steady increase in the number of clinical applications. This chapter will present the most recent therapeutic attempts emerged from preclinical work and an update of the currently ongoing clinical applications. We think that we are starting a new era in which the etiologic treatment of these conditions is becoming a realistic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Viscomi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.
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3
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Wang H, Han Y, Li S, Chen Y, Chen Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Xia Y, Yuan J. Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndrome and Its Associated Cardiac Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:808115. [PMID: 35237671 PMCID: PMC8882844 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.808115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria is a ubiquitous, energy-supplying (ATP-based) organelle found in nearly all eukaryotes. It acts as a “power plant” by producing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, providing energy for the cell. The bioenergetic functions of mitochondria are regulated by nuclear genes (nDNA). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and respiratory enzymes lose normal structure and function when nuclear genes encoding the related mitochondrial factors are impaired, resulting in deficiency in energy production. Massive generation of reactive oxygen species and calcium overload are common causes of mitochondrial diseases. The mitochondrial depletion syndrome (MDS) is associated with the mutations of mitochondrial genes in the nucleus. It is a heterogeneous group of progressive disorders characterized by the low mtDNA copy number. TK2, FBXL4, TYPM, and AGK are genes known to be related to MDS. More recent studies identified new mutation loci associated with this disease. Herein, we first summarize the structure and function of mitochondria, and then discuss the characteristics of various types of MDS and its association with cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Wang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yijun Han
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Shenwei Li
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yunan Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yafen Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Dongying Fifth People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jingsuo Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology of Shandong Higher Education, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Yong Xia
| | - Jinxiang Yuan
- The Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Jinxiang Yuan
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4
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Liu D, Yu J, Wang X, Yang Y, Yu L, Zeng S, Zhang M, Xu G. Case Report: Prenatal Diagnosis of Nemaline Myopathy. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:937668. [PMID: 35928692 PMCID: PMC9343628 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.937668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nemaline myopathy (NM) is a rare, hereditary heterogeneous myopathy. Fetal NM has a more severe disease course and a poorer prognosis and is usually lethal during the first few months of life. Hence, early prenatal diagnosis is especially important for clinical interventions and patient counseling. We report the case of a fetus with NM due to KLHL40 gene variation leading to arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC). The ultrasonography and histopathology results revealed an enhanced echo intensity and decreased muscle thickness, which may be novel features providing early clues for the prenatal diagnosis of NM. Moreover, to our knowledge, this article is the first report to describe a case of NM associated with complex congenital heart disease (CHD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Liu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostic, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnostic, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Jiali Yu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostic, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnostic, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostic, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnostic, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostic, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnostic, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Shi Zeng
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostic, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnostic, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostic, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnostic, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Ganqiong Xu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostic, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnostic, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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5
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Liu K, Zhou Z, Pan M, Zhang L. Stem cell-derived mitochondria transplantation: A promising therapy for mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:733-742. [PMID: 33538116 PMCID: PMC8193690 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies are disorders caused by mitochondrial and nuclear DNA mutations which affect the nervous and muscular systems. Current therapies for mitochondrial encephalomyopathies are inadequate and mostly palliative. However, stem cell‐derived mitochondria transplantation has been demonstrated to play an key part in metabolic rescue, which offers great promise for mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. Here, we summarize the present status of stem cell therapy for mitochondrial encephalomyopathy and discuss mitochondrial transfer routes and the protection mechanisms of stem cells. We also identify and summarize future perspectives and challenges for the treatment of these intractable disorders based on the concept of mitochondrial transfer from stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiming Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Shaoxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated with Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Mengxiong Pan
- Department of Neurology, First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, China
| | - Lining Zhang
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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6
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Viscomi C, Zeviani M. Strategies for fighting mitochondrial diseases. J Intern Med 2020; 287:665-684. [PMID: 32100338 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are extremely heterogeneous genetic conditions characterized by faulty oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). OXPHOS deficiency can be the result of mutation in mtDNA genes, encoding either proteins (13 subunits of the mitochondrial complexes I, III, IV and V) or the tRNA and rRNA components of the in situ mtDNA translation. The remaining mitochondrial disease genes are in the nucleus, encoding proteins with a huge variety of functions, from structural subunits of the mitochondrial complexes, to factors involved in their formation and regulation, components of the mtDNA replication and expression machinery, biosynthetic enzymes for the biosynthesis or incorporation of prosthetic groups, components of the mitochondrial quality control and proteostasis, enzymes involved in the clearance of toxic compounds, factors involved in the formation of the lipid milieu, etc. These different functions represent potential targets for 'general' therapeutic interventions, as they may be adapted to a number of different mitochondrial conditions. This is in contrast with 'tailored', personalized therapeutic approaches, such as gene therapy, cell therapy and organ replacement, that can be useful only for individual conditions. This review will present the most recent concepts emerged from preclinical work and the attempts to translate them into the clinics. The common notion that mitochondrial disorders have no cure is currently challenged by a massive effort of scientists and clinicians, and we do expect that thanks to this intensive investigation work and tangible results for the development of strategies amenable to the treatment of patients with these tremendously difficult conditions are not so far away.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Viscomi
- From the, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - M Zeviani
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
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7
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Mustafa MF, Fakurazi S, Abdullah MA, Maniam S. Pathogenic Mitochondria DNA Mutations: Current Detection Tools and Interventions. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11020192. [PMID: 32059522 PMCID: PMC7074468 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are best known for their role in energy production, and they are the only mammalian organelles that contain their own genomes. The mitochondrial genome mutation rate is reported to be 10–17 times higher compared to nuclear genomes as a result of oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species during oxidative phosphorylation. Pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutations result in mitochondrial DNA disorders, which are among the most common inherited human diseases. Interventions of mitochondrial DNA disorders involve either the transfer of viable isolated mitochondria to recipient cells or genetically modifying the mitochondrial genome to improve therapeutic outcome. This review outlines the common mitochondrial DNA disorders and the key advances in the past decade necessary to improve the current knowledge on mitochondrial disease intervention. Although it is now 31 years since the first description of patients with pathogenic mitochondrial DNA was reported, the treatment for mitochondrial disease is often inadequate and mostly palliative. Advancements in diagnostic technology improved the molecular diagnosis of previously unresolved cases, and they provide new insight into the pathogenesis and genetic changes in mitochondrial DNA diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Acidosis, Lactic/congenital
- Acidosis, Lactic/genetics
- Acidosis, Lactic/metabolism
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
- DNA, Mitochondrial/metabolism
- Epilepsies, Myoclonic/congenital
- Epilepsies, Myoclonic/genetics
- Epilepsies, Myoclonic/therapy
- Gene Editing/methods
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Humans
- Leigh Disease/genetics
- Leigh Disease/metabolism
- Leigh Disease/therapy
- Mitochondria/genetics
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Mitochondrial Diseases/genetics
- Mitochondrial Diseases/metabolism
- Mitochondrial Diseases/therapy
- Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies/congenital
- Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies/genetics
- Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies/metabolism
- Mutation
- Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber/genetics
- Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Fazirul Mustafa
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Maizaton Atmadini Abdullah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sandra Maniam
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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8
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Berenguel Hernández AM, de la Cruz M, Alcázar-Fabra M, Prieto-Rodríguez A, Sánchez-Cuesta A, Martin J, Tormo JR, Rodríguez-Aguilera JC, Cortés-Rodríguez AB, Navas P, Reyes F, Vicente F, Genilloud O, Santos-Ocaña C. Design of High-Throughput Screening of Natural Extracts to Identify Molecules Bypassing Primary Coenzyme Q Deficiency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. SLAS DISCOVERY 2019; 25:299-309. [PMID: 31751168 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219877185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency syndrome is a rare disease included in the family of mitochondrial diseases, which is a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by defective energy production. CoQ10 biosynthesis in humans requires at least 11 gene products acting in a multiprotein complex within mitochondria. The high-throughput screening (HTS) method based on the stabilization of the CoQ biosynthesis complex (Q-synthome) produced by the COQ8 gene overexpression is proven here to be a successful method for identifying new molecules from natural extracts that are able to bypass the CoQ6 deficiency in yeast mutant cells. The main features of the new approach are the combination of two yeast targets defective in genes with different functions on CoQ6 biosynthesis to secure the versatility of the molecule identified, the use of glycerol as a nonfermentable carbon source providing a wide growth window, and the stringent conditions required to mark an extract as positive. The application of this pilot approach to a representative subset of 1200 samples of the Library of Natural Products of Fundación MEDINA resulted in the finding of nine positive extracts. The fractionation of three of the nine extracts allowed the identification of five molecules; two of them are present in molecule databases of natural extracts and three are nondescribed molecules. The use of this screening method opens the possibility of discovering molecules with CoQ10-bypassing action useful as therapeutic agents to fight against mitochondrial diseases in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Alcázar-Fabra
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Sánchez-Cuesta
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Aguilera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Cortés-Rodríguez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Santos-Ocaña
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Boggan RM, Lim A, Taylor RW, McFarland R, Pickett SJ. Resolving complexity in mitochondrial disease: Towards precision medicine. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 128:19-29. [PMID: 31648942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases, caused by mutations in either the nuclear or mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA), are the most common form of inherited neurometabolic disorders. They are remarkably heterogeneous, both in their clinical presentation and genetic etiology, presenting challenges for diagnosis, clinical management and elucidation of molecular mechanism. The multifaceted nature of these diseases, compounded by the unique characteristics of mitochondrial genetics, cement their space in the field of complex disease. In this review we examine the m.3243A>G variant, one of the most prevalent mitochondrial DNA mutations, using it as an exemplar to demonstrate the challenges presented by these complex disorders. Disease caused by m.3243A>G is one of the most phenotypically diverse of all mitochondrial diseases; we outline known causes of this heterogeneity including mtDNA heteroplasmy, mtDNA copy number and nuclear genetic factors. We consider the impact that this has in the clinic, discussing the personalized management of common manifestations attributed to this pathogenic mtDNA variant, including hearing impairment, diabetes mellitus, myopathy, cardiac disease, stroke-like episodes and gastrointestinal disturbances. Future research into this complex disorder must account for this heterogeneity, benefitting from the use of large patient cohorts to build upon current clinical expertise. Through multi-disciplinary collaboration, the complexities of this mitochondrial disease can be addressed with the variety of diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment approaches that are moulded to best fit the needs of each individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róisín M Boggan
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Albert Lim
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Robert McFarland
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Sarah J Pickett
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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10
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Filosto M, Cotti Piccinelli S, Caria F, Gallo Cassarino S, Baldelli E, Galvagni A, Volonghi I, Scarpelli M, Padovani A. Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalomyopathy (MNGIE-MTDPS1). J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7110389. [PMID: 30373120 PMCID: PMC6262582 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7110389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE-MTDPS1) is a devastating autosomal recessive disorder due to mutations in TYMP, which cause a loss of function of thymidine phosphorylase (TP), nucleoside accumulation in plasma and tissues, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The clinical picture includes progressive gastrointestinal dysmotility, cachexia, ptosis and ophthalmoparesis, peripheral neuropathy, and diffuse leukoencephalopathy, which usually lead to death in early adulthood. Other two MNGIE-type phenotypes have been described so far, which are linked to mutations in POLG and RRM2B genes. Therapeutic options are currently available in clinical practice (allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and carrier erythrocyte entrapped thymidine phosphorylase therapy) and newer, promising therapies are expected in the near future. Since successful treatment is strictly related to early diagnosis, it is essential that clinicians be warned about the clinical features and diagnostic procedures useful to suspect diagnosis of MNGIE-MTDPS1. The aim of this review is to promote the knowledge of the disease as well as the involved mechanisms and the diagnostic processes in order to reach an early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Filosto
- Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Unit of Neurology, ASST Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Stefano Cotti Piccinelli
- Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Unit of Neurology, ASST Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Filomena Caria
- Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Unit of Neurology, ASST Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Serena Gallo Cassarino
- Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Unit of Neurology, ASST Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Enrico Baldelli
- Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Unit of Neurology, ASST Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Anna Galvagni
- Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Unit of Neurology, ASST Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Irene Volonghi
- Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Unit of Neurology, ASST Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Mauro Scarpelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Unit of Neurology, ASST Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy.
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11
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Towards a therapy for mitochondrial disease: an update. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:1247-1261. [PMID: 30301846 PMCID: PMC6195631 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical work aimed at developing new therapies for mitochondrial diseases has recently given new hopes and opened unexpected perspectives for the patients affected by these pathologies. In contrast, only minor progresses have been achieved so far in the translation into the clinics. Many challenges are still ahead, including the need for a better characterization of the pharmacological effects of the different approaches and the design of appropriate clinical trials with robust outcome measures for this extremely heterogeneous, rare, and complex group of disorders. In this review, we will discuss the most important achievements and the major challenges in this very dynamic research field.
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12
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Glasgow RIC, Thompson K, Barbosa IA, He L, Alston CL, Deshpande C, Simpson MA, Morris AAM, Neu A, Löbel U, Hall J, Prokisch H, Haack TB, Hempel M, McFarland R, Taylor RW. Novel GFM2 variants associated with early-onset neurological presentations of mitochondrial disease and impaired expression of OXPHOS subunits. Neurogenetics 2017; 18:227-235. [PMID: 29075935 PMCID: PMC5705740 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-017-0526-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are characterised by clinical, molecular and functional heterogeneity, reflecting their bi-genomic control. The nuclear gene GFM2 encodes mtEFG2, a protein with an essential role during the termination stage of mitochondrial translation. We present here two unrelated patients harbouring different and previously unreported compound heterozygous (c.569G>A, p.(Arg190Gln); c.636delA, p.(Glu213Argfs*3)) and homozygous (c.275A>C, p.(Tyr92Ser)) recessive variants in GFM2 identified by whole exome sequencing (WES) together with histochemical and biochemical findings to support the diagnoses of pathological GFM2 variants in each case. Both patients presented similarly in early childhood with global developmental delay, raised CSF lactate and abnormalities on cranial MRI. Sanger sequencing of familial samples confirmed the segregation of bi-allelic GFM2 variants with disease, while investigations into steady-state mitochondrial protein levels revealed respiratory chain subunit defects and loss of mtEFG2 protein in muscle. These data demonstrate the effects of defective mtEFG2 function, caused by previously unreported variants, confirming pathogenicity and expanding the clinical phenotypes associated with GFM2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth I C Glasgow
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Kyle Thompson
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Inês A Barbosa
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Langping He
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Charlotte L Alston
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Charu Deshpande
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Michael A Simpson
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Andrew A M Morris
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Axel Neu
- University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Löbel
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julie Hall
- Department of Neuroradiology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleißheim, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maja Hempel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert McFarland
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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Lu Y, Wang Z. In response to the letter to the editor regarding: Serious assessment of mtDNA variants is a prerequisite to confirm pathogenicity. J Neurol Sci 2017; 381:343-344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.3232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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